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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Product_or_Application"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Product or Application</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Product_or_Application-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Embedded" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Embedded"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Embedded</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Embedded-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consulting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consulting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Consulting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consulting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_Reliability_Engineering" title="Site Reliability Engineering – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Site Reliability Engineering" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="مهندسی قابلیت اطمینان سایت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهندسی قابلیت اطمینان سایت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_Reliability_Engineering" title="Site Reliability Engineering – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Site Reliability Engineering" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%8B%A0%EB%A2%B0%EC%84%B1_%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99" title="사이트 신뢰성 공학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사이트 신뢰성 공학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekayasa_keandalan_situs" title="Rekayasa keandalan situs – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rekayasa keandalan situs" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%93%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="サイトリライアビリティエンジニアリング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サイトリライアビリティエンジニアリング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_Reliability_Engineering" title="Site Reliability Engineering – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Site Reliability Engineering" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Site_reliability_engineering" title="Special:EditPage/Site reliability engineering">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Site_reliability_engineering" title="Talk:Site reliability engineering">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Buzzword plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" 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Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit">improve this article</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-External_links plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-external_links" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b>use of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a> may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links,_images,_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">footnote references</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2025</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Site Reliability Engineering</b> (<b>SRE</b>) is a discipline in the field of <a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">Software Engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/IT_infrastructure" title="IT infrastructure">IT infrastructure</a> support that monitors and improves the availability and performance of deployed software systems and large software services (which are expected to deliver reliable response times across events such as new software deployments, hardware failures, and cybersecurity attacks).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is typically a focus on automation and an <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_as_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrastructure as Code">Infrastructure as Code</a> methodology. SRE uses elements of <a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/IT_infrastructure" title="IT infrastructure">IT infrastructure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Web_development" title="Web development">web development</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IT_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="IT operations">operations</a><sup id="cite_ref-:7_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to assist with reliability. It is similar to <a href="/wiki/DevOps" title="DevOps">DevOps</a> as they both aim to improve the reliability and availability of deployed software systems. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Site Reliability Engineering originated at <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> with Benjamin Treynor Sloss,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who founded SRE team in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept expanded within the <a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">software development</a> industry, leading various companies to employ site <a href="/wiki/Reliability_engineering" title="Reliability engineering">reliability engineers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By March 2016, Google had more than 1,000 site reliability engineers on staff.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dedicated SRE teams are common at larger <a href="/wiki/Web_development" title="Web development">web development</a> companies. In middle-sized and smaller companies, DevOps teams sometimes perform SRE, as well.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Organizations that have adopted the concept include <a href="/wiki/Airbnb" title="Airbnb">Airbnb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dropbox_(service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropbox (service)">Dropbox</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Site reliability engineers (SREs) are responsible for a combination of system <a href="/wiki/Availability" title="Availability">availability</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latency_(engineering)" title="Latency (engineering)">latency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_performance" title="Computer performance">performance</a>, efficiency, <a href="/wiki/Change_management_(engineering)" title="Change management (engineering)">change management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Website_monitoring" title="Website monitoring">monitoring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Incident_management" title="Incident management">emergency response</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Capacity_planning" title="Capacity planning">capacity planning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SREs often have backgrounds in <a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">systems engineering</a>, and/or <a href="/wiki/System_administrator" title="System administrator">system administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The focuses of SRE include <a href="/wiki/Automation" title="Automation">automation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Systems_design" title="Systems design">system design</a>, and improvements to <a href="/wiki/Robustness_(computer_science)" title="Robustness (computer science)">system resilience</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SRE is considered a specific implementation of DevOps;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> focusing specifically on building reliable systems, whereas DevOps covers a broader scope of operations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite having different focuses, some companies have rebranded their operations teams to SRE teams.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principles_and_practices">Principles and practices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Principles and practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Common definitions of the practices include (but are not limited to):<sup id="cite_ref-:7_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automation_and_Remote_Control" title="Automation and Remote Control">Automation</a> of repetitive tasks for cost-effectiveness.</li> <li>Defining reliability goals to prevent endless effort.</li> <li>Design of systems with a goal to reduce risks to availability, latency, and efficiency.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_observability" class="mw-redirect" title="Software observability">Observability</a>, the ability to ask arbitrary questions about a system without having to know ahead of time what to ask.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Common definitions of the principles include (but are not limited to): </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sre.google/sre-book/eliminating-toil/">Toil management</a>, the implementation of the first principle outlined above.</li> <li>Defining and measuring reliability goals—<a href="/wiki/Service_level_indicator" title="Service level indicator">SLIs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Service-level_objective" title="Service-level objective">SLOs</a>, and error budgets.</li> <li>Non-Abstract Large Scale Systems Design (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sre.google/workbook/non-abstract-design/">NALSD</a>) with a focus on reliability.</li> <li>Designing for and implementing observability.</li> <li>Defining, testing, and running an <a href="/wiki/Incident_management" title="Incident management">incident management</a> process.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capacity_planning" title="Capacity planning">Capacity planning</a>.</li> <li>Change and release management, including <a href="/wiki/CI/CD" title="CI/CD">CI/CD</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_engineering" title="Chaos engineering">Chaos engineering</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deployment">Deployment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Deployment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SRE teams collaborate with other departments within organizations to guide the implementation of the mentioned principles. Below is an overview of common practices:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kitchen_Sink">Kitchen Sink</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Kitchen Sink"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/how-sre-teams-are-organized-and-how-to-get-started">Kitchen Sink</a> refers to the expansive and often unbounded scope of services and workflows that SRE teams oversee. Unlike traditional roles with clearly defined boundaries, SREs are tasked with various responsibilities, including system performance optimization, incident management, and automation. This approach allows SREs to address multiple challenges, ensuring that systems run efficiently and evolve in response to changing demands and complexities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Infrastructure SRE teams focus on maintaining and improving the reliability of systems that support other teams' workflows. While they sometimes collaborate with platform engineering teams, their primary responsibility is ensuring up-time, performance, and efficiency. Platform teams, on the other hand, primarily develop the software and systems used across the organization. While reliability is a goal for both, platform teams prioritize creating and maintaining the tools and services used by internal stakeholders, whereas Infrastructure SRE teams are tasked with ensuring those systems run smoothly and meet reliability standards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tools">Tools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SRE teams utilize a variety of tools with the aim of measuring, maintaining, and enhancing system reliability. These tools play a role in monitoring performance, identifying issues, and facilitating proactive maintenance. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Nagios_Core" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagios Core">Nagios Core</a> is commonly employed for system monitoring and alerting, while <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_(software)" title="Prometheus (software)">Prometheus (software)</a> is frequently used for collecting and querying metrics in cloud-native environments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Product_or_Application">Product or Application</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Product or Application"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SRE teams dedicated to specific products or applications are common in large organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These teams are responsible for ensuring the reliability, scalability, and performance of key services. In larger companies, it's typical to have multiple SRE teams, each focusing on different products or applications, ensuring that each area receives specialized attention to meet performance and availability targets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Embedded">Embedded</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Embedded"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an embedded model, individual SREs or small SRE pairs are integrated within software engineering teams. These SREs collaborate with developers, applying core SRE principles—such as automation, monitoring, and incident response—directly to the software development lifecycle. This approach aims to enhance reliability, performance, and collaboration between SREs and developers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consulting">Consulting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Consulting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Consulting SRE teams specialize in advising organizations on the implementation of SRE principles and practices. Typically composed of seasoned SREs with a history across various implementations, these teams provide insights and guidance for specific organizational needs. When working directly with clients, these SREs are often referred to as '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/introducing-a-new-era-of-customer-support-google-customer-reliability-engineering">Customer Reliability Engineers</a>.' </p><p>In large organizations that have adopted SRE, a hybrid model is common<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. This model includes various implementations, such as multiple Product/Application SRE teams dedicated to addressing the specific reliability needs of different products. An Infrastructure SRE team may collaborate with a Platform engineering group to achieve shared reliability goals for a unified platform that supports all products and applications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industry">Industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2014, the <a href="/wiki/USENIX" title="USENIX">USENIX</a> organization has hosted the annual <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usenix.org/srecon">SREcon</a> conference, bringing together site reliability engineers from various industries. This conference is a platform for professionals to share knowledge, explore effective practices, and discuss trends in site reliability engineering.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_engineering" title="Chaos engineering">Chaos engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_center" title="Data center">Data center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT_disaster_recovery" title="IT disaster recovery">Disaster recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_availability_software" title="High availability software">High availability software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_as_code" title="Infrastructure as code">Infrastructure as code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations,_administration_and_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Operations, administration and management">Operations, administration and management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_management" title="Operations management">Operations management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliability_engineering" title="Reliability engineering">Reliability engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="System administration">System administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backup_site" title="Backup site">Backup site</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amazon+Web+Services%2C+Inc.&rft.atitle=What+is+SRE%3F+-+SRE+Explained+-+AWS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faws.amazon.com%2Fwhat-is%2Fsre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASite+reliability+engineering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blameless.com//blog/sre-principles">"The 7 SRE Principles [And How to Put Them Into Practice]"</a>. <i>www.blameless.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.blameless.com&rft.atitle=The+7+SRE+Principles+%5BAnd+How+to+Put+Them+Into+Practice%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blameless.com%2F%2Fblog%2Fsre-principles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASite+reliability+engineering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.honeycomb.io/getting-started/learning-about-observability/">"Learn about observability | Honeycomb"</a>. <i>docs.honeycomb.io</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=docs.honeycomb.io&rft.atitle=Learn+about+observability+%7C+Honeycomb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.honeycomb.io%2Fgetting-started%2Flearning-about-observability%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASite+reliability+engineering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/how-sre-teams-are-organized-and-how-to-get-started/">"SRE at Google: How to structure your SRE team"</a>. <i>Google Cloud Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Cloud+Blog&rft.atitle=SRE+at+Google%3A+How+to+structure+your+SRE+team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcloud.google.com%2Fblog%2Fproducts%2Fdevops-sre%2Fhow-sre-teams-are-organized-and-how-to-get-started%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASite+reliability+engineering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/how-sre-teams-are-organized-and-how-to-get-started">"SRE at Google: How to structure your SRE team"</a>. <i>Google Cloud Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Cloud+Blog&rft.atitle=SRE+at+Google%3A+How+to+structure+your+SRE+team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcloud.google.com%2Fblog%2Fproducts%2Fdevops-sre%2Fhow-sre-teams-are-organized-and-how-to-get-started&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASite+reliability+engineering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usenix.org/srecon">"Usenix SREcon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USENIX" title="USENIX">USENIX</a></i>. 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USENIX&rft.atitle=Usenix+SREcon&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usenix.org%2Fsrecon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASite+reliability+engineering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLimoncelliChalupHogan2014" class="citation book cs1">Limoncelli, Tom; Chalup, Strata R.; Hogan, Christina J. (September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/891786231"><i>The Practice of Cloud System Administration: DevOps and SRE Practices for Web Services</i></a>. Vol. 2. Upper Saddle River, NJ: <a href="/wiki/Addison-Wesley" title="Addison-Wesley">Addison-Wesley</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0133478549" title="Special:BookSources/978-0133478549"><bdi>978-0133478549</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/891786231">891786231</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Practice+of+Cloud+System+Administration%3A+DevOps+and+SRE+Practices+for+Web+Services&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=2014-09&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F891786231&rft.isbn=978-0133478549&rft.aulast=Limoncelli&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Chalup%2C+Strata+R.&rft.au=Hogan%2C+Christina+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F891786231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASite+reliability+engineering" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeyerJonesPetoffMurphy2016" class="citation book cs1">Beyer, Betsy; Jones, Chris; Petoff, Jennifer; Murphy, Niall Richard, eds. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sitereliabilitye0000unse"><i>Site Reliability Engineering: How Google Runs Production Systems</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1491929124" title="Special:BookSources/978-1491929124"><bdi>978-1491929124</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Site+Reliability+Engineering%3A+How+Google+Runs+Production+Systems&rft.pub=O%27Reilly&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1491929124&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsitereliabilitye0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASite+reliability+engineering" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlank-Edelman2018" class="citation book cs1">Blank-Edelman, David N., ed. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1052565720"><i>Seeking SRE: Conversations About Running Production Systems at Scale</i></a> (1 ed.). Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1491978863" title="Special:BookSources/978-1491978863"><bdi>978-1491978863</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1052565720">1052565720</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seeking+SRE%3A+Conversations+About+Running+Production+Systems+at+Scale&rft.place=Sebastopol%2C+CA&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=O%27Reilly&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1052565720&rft.isbn=978-1491978863&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1052565720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASite+reliability+engineering" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeyerMurphyKawaharaRensin2018" class="citation book cs1">Beyer, Betsy; Murphy, Niall; Kawahara, Kent; Rensin, David; Thorne, Stephen (2018). <i>The Site Reliability Workbook: Practical Ways to Implement SRE</i>. O'Reilly. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1492029502" title="Special:BookSources/978-1492029502"><bdi>978-1492029502</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Site+Reliability+Workbook%3A+Practical+Ways+to+Implement+SRE&rft.pub=O%27Reilly&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1492029502&rft.aulast=Beyer&rft.aufirst=Betsy&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Niall&rft.au=Kawahara%2C+Kent&rft.au=Rensin%2C+David&rft.au=Thorne%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASite+reliability+engineering" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWelch2018" class="citation book cs1">Welch, Nat (2018). <i>Real-World SRE: The Survival Guide for Responding to a System Outage and Maximizing Uptime</i>. <a href="/wiki/Packt" title="Packt">Packt</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1788628884" title="Special:BookSources/978-1788628884"><bdi>978-1788628884</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Real-World+SRE%3A+The+Survival+Guide+for+Responding+to+a+System+Outage+and+Maximizing+Uptime&rft.pub=Packt&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1788628884&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=Nat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASite+reliability+engineering" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdkinsBeyerBlankinshipLewandowski2020" class="citation book cs1">Adkins, Heather; Beyer, Betsy; Blankinship, Paul; Lewandowski, Piotr; Oprea, Ana; Stubblefield, Adam (2020). <i>Building Secure and Reliable Systems: Best Practices for Designing, Implementing, and Maintaining Systems</i>. O'Reilly. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4920-8312-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4920-8312-2"><bdi>978-1-4920-8312-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1129470292">1129470292</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+Secure+and+Reliable+Systems%3A+Best+Practices+for+Designing%2C+Implementing%2C+and+Maintaining+Systems&rft.pub=O%27Reilly&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1129470292&rft.isbn=978-1-4920-8312-2&rft.aulast=Adkins&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.au=Beyer%2C+Betsy&rft.au=Blankinship%2C+Paul&rft.au=Lewandowski%2C+Piotr&rft.au=Oprea%2C+Ana&rft.au=Stubblefield%2C+Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASite+reliability+engineering" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRosenthal,_Jones2020" class="citation book cs1">Rosenthal, Jones, Casey, Nora (2020). <i>Chaos Engineering: System Resiliency in Practice</i>. O'Reilly. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1492043867" title="Special:BookSources/978-1492043867"><bdi>978-1492043867</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chaos+Engineering%3A+System+Resiliency+in+Practice&rft.pub=O%27Reilly&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1492043867&rft.aulast=Rosenthal%2C+Jones&rft.aufirst=Casey%2C+Nora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASite+reliability+engineering" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Site_reliability_engineering&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dastergon/awesome-sre">Awesome Site Reliability Engineering</a> resources list</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/upgundecha/howtheysre">How they SRE</a> resources list</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sreweekly.com/">SRE Weekly</a> weekly newsletter devoted to SRE</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sre.google/">SRE at Google</a> landing page for learning more about SRE in Google</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://komodor.com/learning-center/?category=troubleshooting/">Komodor K8s Reliability</a> learning centre with resources for SREs working with Kubernetes</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diamantinoalmeida.com/sre-what-do-you-need-to-know-to-master-this-role/">SRE: What Do You Need To Know To Master This Role?</a> resource list</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Formal_methods" title="Formal methods">Formal methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requirements_engineering" title="Requirements engineering">Requirements engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search-based_software_engineering" title="Search-based software engineering">Search-based software engineering</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Site reliability engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_software_engineering" title="Social software engineering">Social software engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_deployment" title="Software deployment">Software deployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Software design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">Software maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_testing" title="Software testing">Software testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_analysis" title="Systems analysis">Systems analysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstraction_(computer_science)" title="Abstraction (computer science)">Abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CI/CD" title="CI/CD">CI/CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_compatibility" title="Computer compatibility">Compatibility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backward_compatibility" title="Backward compatibility">Backward compatibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compatibility_layer" title="Compatibility layer">Compatibility layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compatibility_mode" title="Compatibility mode">Compatibility mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_compatibility" title="Forward compatibility">Forward compatibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_incompatibility" title="Software incompatibility">Software incompatibility</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Component-based_software_engineering" title="Component-based software engineering">Component-based software engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_modeling" title="Data modeling">Data modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_architecture" title="Enterprise architecture">Enterprise architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_specification" title="Functional specification">Functional specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modeling_language" title="Modeling language">Modeling language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Programming paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_archaeology" title="Software archaeology">Software archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_architecture" title="Software architecture">Software architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_configuration_management" title="Software configuration management">Software configuration management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_development_process" title="Software development process">Software development process/methodology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_quality" title="Software quality">Software quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_quality_assurance" title="Software quality assurance">Software quality assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_system" title="Software system">Software system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_verification_and_validation" title="Software verification and validation">Software verification and validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_analysis" title="Structured analysis">Structured analysis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essential_systems_analysis" title="Essential systems analysis">Essential analysis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orientations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agile_software_development" title="Agile software development">Agile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspect-oriented_programming" title="Aspect-oriented programming">Aspect-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">Object orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontology_(information_science)" title="Ontology (information science)">Ontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_development_life_cycle" title="Systems development life cycle">SDLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture" title="Service-oriented architecture">Service orientation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Developmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agile_software_development" title="Agile software development">Agile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_unified_process" title="Enterprise unified process">EUP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executable_UML" title="Executable UML">Executable UML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incremental_build_model" title="Incremental build model">Incremental model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iterative_and_incremental_development" title="Iterative and incremental development">Iterative model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_prototyping" title="Software prototyping">Prototype model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_application_development" title="Rapid application development">RAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrum_(software_development)" title="Scrum (software development)">Scrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_model" title="Spiral model">Spiral model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_process" title="Unified process">UP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-model_(software_development)" title="V-model (software development)">V-model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfall_model" title="Waterfall model">Waterfall model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_programming" title="Extreme programming">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model-driven_engineering" title="Model-driven engineering">Model-driven engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-trip_engineering" title="Round-trip engineering">Round-trip engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capability_Maturity_Model_Integration" title="Capability Maturity Model Integration">CMMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_model" title="Data model">Data model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entity%E2%80%93relationship_model" title="Entity–relationship model">ER model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Function_model" title="Function model">Function model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_model" title="Information model">Information model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamodeling" title="Metamodeling">Metamodeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_model" title="Object model">Object model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">SPICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_modeling" title="Systems modeling">Systems model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_model" title="View model">View model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IDEF" title="IDEF">IDEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_modeling_language" title="Systems modeling language">SysML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">UML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Systems_Language" title="Universal Systems Language">USL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">Computer engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_science" title="Information science">Information science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_management" 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