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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Slaget ved Actium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 64 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8slaget_ved_Actium" title="Søslaget ved Actium – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Søslaget ved Actium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_vid_Actium" title="Slaget vid Actium – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slaget vid Actium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orrustan_vi%C3%B0_Act%C3%ADum" title="Orrustan við Actíum – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Orrustan við Actíum" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_van_Actium" title="Slag van Actium – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Slag van Actium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actium_S%C3%A6f%C4%93oht" title="Actium Sæfēoht – gammelengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Actium Sæfēoht" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="gammelengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="معركة أكتيوم – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة أكتيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%84%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Աքթիոնի նաւամարտ – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Աքթիոնի նաւամարտ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksi_d%C3%B6y%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC" title="Aksi döyüşü – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aksi döyüşü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A4%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%88" title="آکسی دؤیوشو – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آکسی دؤیوشو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Битка при Акциум – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Битка при Акциум" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Akcija" title="Bitka kod Akcija – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bitka kod Akcija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emgann_Actium" title="Emgann Actium – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Emgann Actium" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_d%27%C3%80ccium" title="Batalla d'Àccium – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla d'Àccium" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitva_u_Actia" title="Bitva u Actia – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bitva u Actia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brwydr_Actium" title="Brwydr Actium – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brwydr Actium" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_bei_Actium" title="Schlacht bei Actium – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht bei Actium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktioni_lahing" title="Aktioni lahing – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aktioni lahing" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Ναυμαχία του Ακτίου – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναυμαχία του Ακτίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Actium" title="Battle of Actium – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Battle of Actium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Accio" title="Batalla de Accio – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Accio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalo_de_Aktio" title="Batalo de Aktio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Batalo de Aktio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktiumgo_gudua" title="Aktiumgo gudua – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aktiumgo gudua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="نبرد آکتیوم – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد آکتیوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_d%27Actium" title="Bataille d'Actium – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille d'Actium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slach_by_Aktium" title="Slach by Aktium – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Slach by Aktium" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%85%ED%8B%B0%EC%9B%80_%ED%95%B4%EC%A0%84" title="악티움 해전 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="악티움 해전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Ակցիումի ճակատամարտ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ակցիումի ճակատամարտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Akcija" title="Bitka kod Akcija – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bitka kod Akcija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Actium" title="Pertempuran Actium – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Actium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battalia_de_Actium" title="Battalia de Actium – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Battalia de Actium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Azio" title="Battaglia di Azio – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Azio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="קרב אקטיום – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרב אקטיום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprangan_Actium" title="Paprangan Actium – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paprangan Actium" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="აქციუმის ბრძოლა – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აქციუმის ბრძოლა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellum_Actiacum" title="Bellum Actiacum – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bellum Actiacum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauja_pie_Akcijas" title="Kauja pie Akcijas – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kauja pie Akcijas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akcijaus_m%C5%AB%C5%A1is" title="Akcijaus mūšis – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Akcijaus mūšis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actiumi_csata" title="Actiumi csata – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Actiumi csata" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%98_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Битка кај Акциум – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Битка кај Акциум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="معركة اكتيوم – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معركة اكتيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Actium" title="Pertempuran Actium – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertempuran Actium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Актиумын тулалдаан – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Актиумын тулалдаан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Actium" title="Slag bij Actium – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Actium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0%E3%81%AE%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%A6" title="アクティウムの海戦 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アクティウムの海戦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_d%27Actium" title="Batalha d'Actium – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Batalha d'Actium" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actium_jangi" title="Actium jangi – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Actium jangi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Akcjum" title="Bitwa pod Akcjum – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Akcjum" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_%C3%81ccio" title="Batalha de Áccio – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Áccio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Actium" title="Bătălia de la Actium – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bătălia de la Actium" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Сражение при Акциуме – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сражение при Акциуме" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slacht_bie_Actium" title="Slacht bie Actium – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Slacht bie Actium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Actium" title="Battle of Actium – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Battle of Actium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_pri_Actiu" title="Bitka pri Actiu – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bitka pri Actiu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_pri_Akciju" title="Bitka pri Akciju – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bitka pri Akciju" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Битка код Акцијума – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Битка код Акцијума" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Akcija" title="Bitka kod Akcija – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bitka kod Akcija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktionin_taistelu" title="Aktionin taistelu – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aktionin taistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87" title="ยุทธนาวีที่อักติอูง – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุทธนาวีที่อักติอูง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktium_Muharebesi" title="Aktium Muharebesi – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aktium Muharebesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Битва при Акції – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Битва при Акції" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%ADn_Actium" title="Trận Actium – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trận Actium" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragway_ha_Actium" title="Aragway ha Actium – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Aragway ha Actium" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B4%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="亚克兴战役 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亚克兴战役" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E6%8F%90%E5%A7%86%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%98" title="阿克提姆海战 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿克提姆海战" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q160387#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Slaget_ved_Actium" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Slaget_ved_Actium" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infoboks bred" style="width:290px"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="2">Slaget ved Actium</th></tr><tr class="hode"><th colspan="2">Konflikt: <a href="/wiki/Krigen_mot_Marcus_Antonius" class="mw-redirect" title="Krigen mot Marcus Antonius">Krigen mot Marcus Antonius</a></th></tr><tr class="bilde"><td class="sentrert" colspan="2"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Castro_Battle_of_Actium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Castro_Battle_of_Actium.jpg/250px-Castro_Battle_of_Actium.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Castro_Battle_of_Actium.jpg/375px-Castro_Battle_of_Actium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Castro_Battle_of_Actium.jpg/500px-Castro_Battle_of_Actium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1125" /></a></span><br />Maleri fra 1600-tallet</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0"><tbody><tr class="rad"><td class="th" style="width:25%">Dato</td><td><a href="/wiki/2._september" title="2. september">2. september</a> <a href="/wiki/31_f.Kr." title="31 f.Kr.">31 f.Kr.</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><td class="th" style="width:25%">Sted</td><td><a href="/wiki/Det_ioniske_hav" class="mw-redirect" title="Det ioniske hav">Det ioniske hav</a> utenfor <a href="/wiki/Actium" title="Actium">Actium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hellas" title="Hellas">Hellas</a><br /><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=nb&params=38_55_30_N_20_43_30_E_globe:earth">38°55'30"N 20°43'30"Ø</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><td class="th" style="width:25%">Resultat</td><td>Seier til Octavius</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td class="center" colspan="2">Stridende parter</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td width="50%" style="width:50%"><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Octavius</a></td><td class="dotleft" width="50%" style="width:50%"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Antonius" title="Marcus Antonius">Marcus Antonius</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kleopatra" title="Kleopatra">Kleopatra</a></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td class="center" colspan="2">Kommandanter og ledere</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td width="50%" style="width:50%"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa" title="Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa">Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa</a></td><td class="dotleft" width="50%" style="width:50%"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Antonius" title="Marcus Antonius">Marcus Antonius</a></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td class="center" colspan="2">Styrker</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td width="50%" style="width:50%">260 <a href="/wiki/Krigsskip" title="Krigsskip">krigsskip</a></td><td class="dotleft" width="50%" style="width:50%">220 krigsskip og 60 egyptiske krigsskip</td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td class="center" colspan="2">Tap</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td width="50%" style="width:50%">ukjent, ubetydelig</td><td class="dotleft" width="50%" style="width:50%">omtrent hele den romerske flåten</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Slaget ved Actium</b> var et sjøslag mellom <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Octavius</a> og <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Antonius" title="Marcus Antonius">Marcus Antonius</a>. Slaget fant sted den <a href="/wiki/2._september" title="2. september">2. september</a> <a href="/wiki/31_f.Kr." title="31 f.Kr.">31 f.Kr.</a> i <a href="/wiki/Det_ioniske_hav" class="mw-redirect" title="Det ioniske hav">Det ioniske hav</a> utenfor den romerske kolonien <a href="/wiki/Actium" title="Actium">Actium</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hellas" title="Hellas">Hellas</a>, nær dagens by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proveza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proveza (ikke skrevet ennå)">Proveza</a>. </p><p>Flåten til Octavian var ledet av hans mest trofaste allierte, <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa" title="Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa">Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa</a>, mens motparten var ledet av Marcus Antonius og <a href="/wiki/Kleopatra_VII_av_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kleopatra VII av Egypt">Kleopatra</a>. Slaget ble vunnet av Octavius, og var av avgjørende betydning for hans tiltredelse som keiser <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>. Slaget ved Actium markerer slutten av den romerske republikk og starten på keiserdømmet. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunn">Bakgrunn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_Actium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bakgrunn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_Actium&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunn"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bruddet til det <a href="/wiki/Andre_triumvirat" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre triumvirat">andre triumvirat</a> kom av at Octavius så en trussel i <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6sarion" title="Cæsarion">Cæsarion</a>, sønnen til <a href="/wiki/Kleopatra" title="Kleopatra">Kleopatra</a> og <a href="/wiki/Julius_C%C3%A6sar" title="Julius Cæsar">Julius Cæsar</a>. Octavius' maktgrunnlag lå i hans forbindelse til Cæsar gjennom adopsjon, som gav ham den popularitet og tillit fra legionene som var nødvendig. Da dette grunnlaget ble truet av Antonius' erklæring om at Cæsarion var Cæsars rette arving, begynte en <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propagandakrig</a> mellom de to allierte i <a href="/wiki/33_f.Kr." title="33 f.Kr.">33 f.Kr.</a>. Omsider fratok senatet Antonius hans maktgrunnlag og erklærte krig mot Kleopatra. En tredjedel av senatet og to konsuler gikk over til Antonius' side, og krigen startet i <a href="/wiki/31_f.Kr." title="31 f.Kr.">31 f.Kr.</a>, da Octavius' talentfulle general Agrippa okkuperte den greske havnebyen <a href="/wiki/Methone" class="mw-redirect" title="Methone">Methone</a>, som var lojal til Antonius. Marcus Antonius var en fremragende soldat, men hans ferdigheter på havet var ikke spesielt bra, og kom til å bli hans bane. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Slaget">Slaget</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_Actium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Slaget" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_Actium&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Slaget"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De to flåtene møttes ute i gulfen ved Actium om morgenen 2. september 31 f.kr. Markus Antonius kom Octavius i møte med en flåte på 220 <a href="/wiki/Krigsskip" title="Krigsskip">krigsskip</a>. Octavius’ flåte var ledet av admiral Aprippa, som sperret Antonius' fluktrute i sør. Markus Antonius' flåte besto for det meste av store ramskip, som kunne veie opp mot tre tonn. De var pansret med bronse i baugen, og plater av bronse ellers på skipet gjorde det vanskelig for motstanderen å gjøre samme angrep tilbake. Uheldigvis for Antonius, var hans flåte underbemannet på grunn av en <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malariaepidemi</a> som hadde rammet hans menn mens de ventet på Octavius’ flåte. Mange galleislaver var døde før slaget i hele tatt hadde begynt, så taktikken med å ro inn i og knuse motstanderen skip ble nesten umulig å gjennomføre. Moralen i resten av troppene var naturligvis også blitt svekket, ettersom Antonius hadde brent skipene som var underbemannet og dermed gjort flåten mindre. </p><p>Octavius’ flåte besto for det meste av mindre skip med et bedre trent og ferskt mannskap. Skipene var også lettere og kunne beskytte seg selv med å utmanøvrere de større skipene til Antonius. Et romersk sjøslag gikk som oftest ut på å ramme (kjøre inn i) fiendens skip og samtidig drepe mannskapet ombord med et regn av piler og steiner fra <a href="/wiki/Katapult" title="Katapult">katapulter</a>, som var store nok til å dele en mann i to. Før selve slaget hadde Antonius' general, Delius, gått over til Octavius’ side og tatt med seg Markus Antonius' slagplan. Planen til Antonius hadde vært at hans største skip skulle drive Agrippas nordre ving tilbake, men Octavius’ flåte lå rolig utenfor rekkevidde. Midt på dagen ble Antonius tvunget til forlenge linjen ut fra beskyttelsen som landjorda utgjordre, og til slutt angripe fienden. </p><p>Da Kleopatra så at Antonius holdt på å tape slaget, trakk hun flåten sin tilbake ut på havet uten å ha avfyrt et eneste skudd. Marcus Antonius klarte å komme seg over på et mindre skip med sitt flagg og flykte fra slaget. Resten av Antonius' flåte var ikke like rask, så Octavius klarte å innhente og senke nesten alle skipene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Følgene_av_slaget"><span id="F.C3.B8lgene_av_slaget"></span>Følgene av slaget</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_Actium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Følgene av slaget" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_Actium&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Følgene av slaget"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De politiske konsekvensene av dette slaget ble enorme. Marcus Antonius hadde i praksis like stor hær som Octavius, slik at seieren kunne like gjerne ha gått andre veien. Da Antonius tapte slaget, deserterte store deler av hæren hans. Han mistet rundt 19 <a href="/wiki/Romersk_legion" title="Romersk legion">infanterilegioner</a> og 12 000 kavaleri, og reduserte hans mulighet til å utfordre Octavius ytterligere. Til tross for en liten seier ved Alexandria, <a href="/wiki/31._juli" title="31. juli">31. juli</a> <a href="/wiki/30_f.Kr." title="30 f.Kr.">30 f.Kr.</a>, fortsatte deserteringen fra Antonius' hær og ga han små muligheter til å hamle opp med Octavius. </p><p>Etter å ha mistet hæren begikk Marcus Antonius selvmord. Kleopatra prøvde i et desperat forsøk på å skaffe seg en avtale med Octavius, noe han avviste. Kleopatra fulgte deretter Antonius i graven med et selvmord <a href="/wiki/12._august" title="12. august">12. august</a> <a href="/wiki/30_f.Kr." title="30 f.Kr.">30 f.Kr.</a>, og det ble hevdet at hun lot seg selv bli bitt av en giftig slange gjemt i en kurv. </p><p>Kort oppsummert resulterte slaget ved Actium i seier til Octavius, at Marcus Antonius mistet hele sin armé og Romas erobring av <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. Slaget markerer også slutten på den <a href="/wiki/Romerske_republikk" class="mw-redirect" title="Romerske republikk">romerske republikk</a> og begynnelsen på <a href="/wiki/Det_romerske_keiserriket" title="Det romerske keiserriket">keisertiden</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_Actium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_Actium&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://luna.cas.usf.edu/~murray/actium/brochure.html">The Actian War</a>, <i>The Actium Project</i></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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