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Parys - Wikipedia
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class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Parys" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Parys" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Parys" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Parys" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Klimaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antieke_tydperk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antieke_tydperk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Antieke tydperk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antieke_tydperk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middeleeue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middeleeue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Middeleeue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middeleeue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vroeë_moderne_tydperk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vroeë_moderne_tydperk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Vroeë moderne tydperk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vroeë_moderne_tydperk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Franse_Rewolusie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Franse_Rewolusie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Franse Rewolusie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Franse_Rewolusie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_skepping_van_'n_wêreldstad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_skepping_van_'n_wêreldstad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Die skepping van 'n wêreldstad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_skepping_van_'n_wêreldstad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laat_19de_eeu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laat_19de_eeu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Laat 19de eeu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laat_19de_eeu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20ste_eeu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20ste_eeu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>20ste eeu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20ste_eeu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21ste_eeu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21ste_eeu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>21ste eeu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21ste_eeu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrasie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrasie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Administrasie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrasie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Administrasie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrasie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administratiewe_struktuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administratiewe_struktuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Administratiewe struktuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administratiewe_struktuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historiese_ontwikkeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiese_ontwikkeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Historiese ontwikkeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiese_ontwikkeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parys_as_regeringsetel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parys_as_regeringsetel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Parys as regeringsetel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parys_as_regeringsetel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Métropole_du_Grand_Paris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Métropole_du_Grand_Paris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Métropole du Grand Paris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Métropole_du_Grand_Paris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ekonomie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Ekonomie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parys_se_posisie_in_die_globale_ekonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parys_se_posisie_in_die_globale_ekonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Parys se posisie in die globale ekonomie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parys_se_posisie_in_die_globale_ekonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Besienswaardighede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Besienswaardighede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Besienswaardighede</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Besienswaardighede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bekende_stadswyke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bekende_stadswyke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bekende stadswyke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bekende_stadswyke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vermaak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vermaak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Vermaak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vermaak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Winkelhoofstad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Winkelhoofstad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Winkelhoofstad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Winkelhoofstad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastruktuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastruktuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Infrastruktuur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastruktuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Infrastruktuur subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastruktuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Straatname" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Straatname"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Straatname</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Straatname-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lig_in_die_«Stad_van_Ligte»" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lig_in_die_«Stad_van_Ligte»"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Lig in die «Stad van Ligte»</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lig_in_die_«Stad_van_Ligte»-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Vervoer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Sport subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rugby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Rugby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rugby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sokker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sokker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Sokker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sokker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tennis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tennis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Tennis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tennis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internasionale_verhoudings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internasionale_verhoudings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Internasionale verhoudings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Internasionale_verhoudings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Internasionale verhoudings subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Internasionale_verhoudings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Susterstede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Susterstede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Susterstede</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Susterstede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vennootskappe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vennootskappe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Vennootskappe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vennootskappe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Parys</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 279 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-279" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">279 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Atsjenees" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atsjenees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%93%E1%88%AA%E1%88%B5" title="ፓሪስ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፓሪስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="París" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="पेरिस – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पेरिस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="باريس – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باريس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%90%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%A3" title="ܦܐܪܝܣ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܐܪܝܣ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="باريز – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="باريز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="باريس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باريس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B" title="পেৰিছ – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পেৰিছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="París" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Avaries" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8" title="पेरीस – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पेरीस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="پاریس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پاریس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C4%AB%C5%BEios" title="Parīžios – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Parīžios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B6" title="Парыж – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Парыж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B6" title="Парыж – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Парыж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%A8s" title="Parès – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Parès" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="पैरिस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पैरिस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="প্যারিস – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্যারিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཕ་རི། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཕ་རི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pariz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pariz" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Парис – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Парис" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="París" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83-l%C3%A0%CC%A4" title="Bă-là̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bă-là̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Cheyennees" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyennees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="پاریس – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پاریس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parighji" title="Parighji – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Parighji" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BE" title="Paříž – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paříž" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pariz" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D1%8C" title="Парижь – Kerkslawies" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Парижь" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslawies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="पेरिस – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पेरिस" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B9" title="Παρίσι – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παρίσι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%AC" title="Parì – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Parì" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parizo" title="Parizo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Parizo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="París" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariis" title="Pariis – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pariis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="París" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="پاریس – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پاریس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pari" title="Pari – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Pari" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariisi" title="Pariisi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pariisi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariis" title="Pariis – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pariis" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariis" title="Pariis – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pariis" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%AEs" title="Parîs – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Parîs" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parys" title="Parys – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Parys" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1ras" title="Páras – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Páras" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="巴黎" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pari" title="Pari – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Pari" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="París" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="پاريس – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="پاريس" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C4%A9" title="Parĩ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Parĩ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍀𐌰𐍂𐌹𐍃 – Goties" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍀𐌰𐍂𐌹𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Goties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8" title="પેરિસ – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પેરિસ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paarys" title="Paarys – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Paarys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faris" title="Faris – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Faris" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A2-l%C3%AC" title="Pâ-lì – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pâ-lì" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palika" title="Palika – Hawais" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Palika" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%96" title="פריז – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פריז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="पेरिस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पेरिस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pariz" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pari" title="Pari – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pari" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1rizs" title="Párizs – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Párizs" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A6" title="Փարիզ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փարիզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A6" title="Փարիզ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Փարիզ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Параж – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Параж" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="París" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parigi" title="Parigi – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parigi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%B1%E1%90%85%E1%95%86%E1%94%85" title="ᐱᐅᕆᔅ – Inoektitoet" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐱᐅᕆᔅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inoektitoet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%AA" title="パリ – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/paris" title="paris – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="paris" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="პარიზი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პარიზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parij" title="Parij – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Parij" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_(Fransa)" title="Paris (Fransa) – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Paris (Fransa)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Kabardiaans" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paarii" title="Paarii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Paarii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pari%CC%B1t" title="Pari̱t – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Pari̱t" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Kongolees" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongolees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F" title="ប៉ារីស – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប៉ារីស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%A6%AC_(%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4)" title="파리 (프랑스) – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파리 (프랑스)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Komi-Permyaks" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%90%D8%B3" title="پیرِس – Kasjmirs" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پیرِس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmirs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%AEs" title="Parîs – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Parîs" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutetia" title="Lutetia – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lutetia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%A4is" title="Paräis – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Paräis" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paries" title="Paries – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Paries" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariggi" title="Pariggi – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Pariggi" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pari" title="Pari – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Pari" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B5" title="ປາຣີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປາຣີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pary%C5%BEius" title="Paryžius – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paryžius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pari%C5%BEa" title="Pariža – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Pariža" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C4%ABze" title="Parīze – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Parīze" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="पेरिस – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पेरिस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Париз – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Париз" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C4%AB" title="Parī – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Parī" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Minangkabaus" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Париз – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Париз" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="പാരിസ് – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാരിസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Парис – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Парис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="पॅरिस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पॅरिस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pari%C4%A1i" title="Pariġi – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Pariġi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ပါရီမြို့ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပါရီမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Париж ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Париж ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="پاریس – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پاریس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parigge" title="Parigge – Neapolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Parigge" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paries" title="Paries – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Paries" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="पेरिस – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पेरिस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="पेरिस – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पेरिस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parijs" title="Parijs – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Parijs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B3t%CA%BC%C3%A1%C3%A1h_Y%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%A1h%C3%AD" title="Wótʼááh Yíʼáhí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Wótʼááh Yíʼáhí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADs_(Fran%C3%A7a)" title="París (França) – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="París (França)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parii%C5%BEu" title="Pariižu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Pariižu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paaris" title="Paaris – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Paaris" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8" title="ପ୍ୟାରିସ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପ୍ୟାରିସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8" title="ਪੈਰਿਸ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੈਰਿਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pary%C5%BC" title="Paryż – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paryż" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="پیرس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیرس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B9" title="Παρίσι – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Παρίσι" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="پاریس – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پاریس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/paris" title="paris – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="paris" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parij" title="Parij – Aromanies" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Parij" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parigge" title="Parigge – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Parigge" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Париз – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Париз" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B6" title="Паріж – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Паріж" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Rwandees" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Rwandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ – Santalies" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parigi" title="Parigi – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Parigi" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariggi" title="Pariggi – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pariggi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="پيرس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پيرس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pariz" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bariz" title="Bariz – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Bariz" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="පැරිස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පැරිස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%AD%C5%BE" title="Paríž – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Paríž" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pariz" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parisi" title="Parisi – Samoaans" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Parisi" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariisi" title="Pariisi – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Pariisi" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baariis" title="Baariis – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Baariis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parisi" title="Parisi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Parisi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Париз – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Париз" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Suid-Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Suid-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_(St%C3%A4%C3%A4d)" title="Paris (Stääd) – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Paris (Stääd)" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pary%C5%BC" title="Paryż – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Paryż" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="பாரிசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாரிசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="పారిస్ – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పారిస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París – Tetoem" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="París" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetoem" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Порис – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Порис" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA" title="ปารีส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปารีส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pari%C5%BE" title="Pariž – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Pariž" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palesi" title="Palesi – Tongaans" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Palesi" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Toemboeka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Toemboeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Tahities" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahities" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Tuvinees" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89%DA%98" title="پارىژ – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پارىژ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Париж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="پیرس – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیرس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parij" title="Parij – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Parij" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parize" title="Parize – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Parize" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pari%C5%BE" title="Pariž – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Pariž" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parys" title="Parys – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Parys" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pari" title="Pari – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Pari" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴黎" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Paris" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="პარიზი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პარიზი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%96" title="פאריז – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאריז" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parisi" title="Parisi – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Parisi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahliz" title="Bahliz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bahliz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paries" title="Paries – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Paries" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%A3" title="ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴黎" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="巴黎" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa-l%C3%AD" title="Pa-lí – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pa-lí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴黎" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IParisi" title="IParisi – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IParisi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q90#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Parys" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Parys" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Parys"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Parys"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Parys" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Parys" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&oldid=2674533" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Parys&id=2674533&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FParys"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FParys"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Parys"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Parys&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Paris" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q90" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header 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href="/wiki/Geografiese_ko%C3%B6rdinatestelsel" title="Geografiese koördinatestelsel">Koördinate</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Parys&language=af&params=48_51_N_2_21_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">48°51′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°21′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">48.850°N 2.350°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.850; 2.350</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i>Hierdie artikel handel oor Parys in <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a>. Vir die dorp in die <a href="/wiki/Vrystaat" title="Vrystaat">Vrystaat</a>, sien <a href="/wiki/Parys,_Vrystaat" title="Parys, Vrystaat">Parys, Vrystaat</a>.</i></dd></dl> <table align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #88a; background:#CEDAF2; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #000000; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 4px; font-size:170%;"> <p><b>Parys</b><br /><small>Paris</small><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Paris_montage_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Paris_montage_2013.jpg/280px-Paris_montage_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Paris_montage_2013.jpg/420px-Paris_montage_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Paris_montage_2013.jpg/560px-Paris_montage_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1741" data-file-height="2282" /></a></span> </p> </th></tr> <tr style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #999"> <td><b>Kaart</b> </td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><b>Wapen</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white"> <td rowspan="6"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Paris_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Paris_map.png/180px-Paris_map.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Paris_map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="189" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: white"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Grandes_Armes_de_Paris.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grandes_Armes_de_Paris.svg/75px-Grandes_Armes_de_Paris.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grandes_Armes_de_Paris.svg/113px-Grandes_Armes_de_Paris.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grandes_Armes_de_Paris.svg/150px-Grandes_Armes_de_Paris.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="1182" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #f7f8ff;border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999;border-top:1px solid #999"><b>Vlag</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background: white; border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Paris_with_coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Paris_with_coat_of_arms.svg/90px-Flag_of_Paris_with_coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Paris_with_coat_of_arms.svg/135px-Flag_of_Paris_with_coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Paris_with_coat_of_arms.svg/180px-Flag_of_Paris_with_coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #f7f8ff; border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Land</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankryk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankryk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Région (Admin. gewes)</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Proposed_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Proposed_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg/23px-Proposed_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Proposed_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg/35px-Proposed_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Proposed_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg/46px-Proposed_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="216" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Département</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Paris_with_coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Paris_with_coat_of_arms.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paris_with_coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Paris_with_coat_of_arms.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paris_with_coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Paris_with_coat_of_arms.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paris_with_coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> Parys </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Arrondissement</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">Paris -<br />onderverdeel in <br />20 <i>arrondissements</i> <br /><i>municipaux</i> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Koördinate</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Parys&language=af&params=48_51_N_2_21_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">48°51′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°21′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">48.850°N 2.350°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.850; 2.350</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Stigting</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/3de_eeu_v.C." title="3de eeu v.C.">3de eeu v.C.</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Oppervlakte:</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">  </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Admin. stadsgebied </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">105,4 <a href="/wiki/Vierkante_kilometer" title="Vierkante kilometer">vk km</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Métropole du Grand Paris </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">814 <a href="/wiki/Vierkante_kilometer" title="Vierkante kilometer">vk km</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Hoogte bo seevlak</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">28–131 m </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Bevolking:</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">  </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Stadsgebied (1 Januarie 2019) </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">2 140 526<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Métropole du Grand Paris (2016) </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">7 026 945 </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Bevolkingsdigtheid </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">20 309/vk km (stad) </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Tydsone</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> +1 (MET) </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> - <a href="/wiki/Somertyd" title="Somertyd">Somertyd</a> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> +2 (MEST) </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Klimaat</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">  </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Tipe </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">Gematig-oseanies </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Gemiddelde jaarlikse temperatuur </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">10,6 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Gem. temp. Januarie/Julie </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">3,4 / 18,4 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Gemiddelde jaarlikse neerslae </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">639 mm </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Burgemeester (2020–2026)</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hidalgo" title="Anne Hidalgo">Anne Hidalgo</a> (PS) </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Amptelike Webwerf</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paris.fr/"><i>paris.fr</i></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Parys</b> (<a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Frans</a>: <b>Paris</b> [paˈʀi] <span class="metadata"><span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Paris1.ogg" class="internal" title="Paris1.ogg">luister</a></span> <span class="audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mediahulp" title="Wikipedia:Mediahulp">hulp</a>·<a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Paris1.ogg" title="Lêer:Paris1.ogg">inligting</a>)</small></span></span>) is die <a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">hoofstad</a> en grootste stad van <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> met 'n bevolking van 2,14 miljoen en 'n oppervlakte van 105,4 km². Saam met sy voorstede vorm Parys 'n metropolitaanse gebied met sowat 12,6 miljoen inwoners. Administratief is Parys tegelykertyd 'n stad en 'n <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement" title="Département">département</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Paris_-_Eiffelturm_und_Marsfeld2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Paris_-_Eiffelturm_und_Marsfeld2.jpg/220px-Paris_-_Eiffelturm_und_Marsfeld2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Paris_-_Eiffelturm_und_Marsfeld2.jpg/330px-Paris_-_Eiffelturm_und_Marsfeld2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Paris_-_Eiffelturm_und_Marsfeld2.jpg/440px-Paris_-_Eiffelturm_und_Marsfeld2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4114" data-file-height="4235" /></a><figcaption>Parys se stadsentrum met die <a href="/wiki/Eiffeltoring" title="Eiffeltoring">Eiffeltoring</a>, École militaire, <a href="/wiki/Champ-de-Mars_(Parys)" title="Champ-de-Mars (Parys)">Champ-de-Mars</a>, die Palais de Chaillot en <a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9fense" title="La Défense">La Défense</a> in die agtergrond</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:North_view_of_Paris_from_the_Tuileries_Garden_-_2019-08-19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/North_view_of_Paris_from_the_Tuileries_Garden_-_2019-08-19.jpg/220px-North_view_of_Paris_from_the_Tuileries_Garden_-_2019-08-19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/North_view_of_Paris_from_the_Tuileries_Garden_-_2019-08-19.jpg/330px-North_view_of_Paris_from_the_Tuileries_Garden_-_2019-08-19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/North_view_of_Paris_from_the_Tuileries_Garden_-_2019-08-19.jpg/440px-North_view_of_Paris_from_the_Tuileries_Garden_-_2019-08-19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Uitsig oor Parys in 'n noordelike rigting vanaf die tuin van die Tuileries</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Louvre_at_dusk.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Louvre_at_dusk.JPG/220px-Louvre_at_dusk.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Louvre_at_dusk.JPG/330px-Louvre_at_dusk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Louvre_at_dusk.JPG/440px-Louvre_at_dusk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4616" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>Palais du Louvre met pirateen sononder</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:500px_photo_(71503837).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/500px_photo_%2871503837%29.jpeg/220px-500px_photo_%2871503837%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/500px_photo_%2871503837%29.jpeg/330px-500px_photo_%2871503837%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/500px_photo_%2871503837%29.jpeg/440px-500px_photo_%2871503837%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>Argitektoniese kontraste – die historiese middestad en La Défense</figcaption></figure> <p>Parys is – ná <a href="/wiki/Brussel" title="Brussel">Brussel</a> – die stad waar die meeste hoofkantore van internasionale organisasies gesetel is, soos <a href="/wiki/Unesco" title="Unesco">Unesco</a>, <a href="/wiki/OESO" title="OESO">OESO</a>, die Internasionale Handelskamer (ICC/CCI), die Internasionale Energie-agentskap (IEA), die Europese afdeling van Interpol en die <a href="/wiki/Europese_Ruimtevaartorganisasie" title="Europese Ruimtevaartorganisasie">Europese Ruimtevaartorganisasie</a> (ESA). Dit is verreweg die grootste Franssprekende <a href="/wiki/Metropool" title="Metropool">metropool</a> ter wêreld en die kulturele spilpunt vir die internasionale gemeenskap van Franssprekendes (die sogenaamde Frankofonie). </p><p>Parys, sy voorstede (<i>La Petite Couronne</i> – "Klein Randgebied") en die omgewing (<i>La Grande Couronne</i> – "Groot Randgebied") word <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">L'Île-de-France</a> genoem – dit is die historiese hartland van Frankryk en sy geestelike middelpunt. Die <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seineoewer</a> is in 1991 deur Unesco as <a href="/wiki/W%C3%AArelderfenisgebied" title="Wêrelderfenisgebied">wêrelderfenisgebied</a> gelys. </p><p>Daar is geen ander stad wat dieselfde bevoorregte stelling in sy eie land en op sy kontinent inneem soos Parys nie – dit is tradisioneel die stad van die avant-garde asook die stad wat aan die voorpunt van belangrike ontwikkelings staan. Parys het oorheersende invloed in Frankryk wat <a href="/wiki/Mode" title="Mode">mode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuns" title="Kuns">kuns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politiek" title="Politiek">politiek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argitektuur" title="Argitektuur">argitektuur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie">filosofie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musiek" title="Musiek">musiek</a> en filmkuns betref en laat hierdie invloed ook elders in Europa en die wêreld geld. </p><p>Die metropolitaanse gebied van Parys is een van die belangrikste finansiële en sakespilpunte van Europa waar sowat veertig persent van alle Franse maatskappye hul hoofkwartiere het. Die bruto nasionale produk van hierdie gebied is groter as dié van <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a>. Die voorstad <a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9fense" title="La Défense">La Défense</a> in die département <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a> huisves die grootste sentrale besigheidsgebied van Europa en op een na ook die grootste Europese aandelebeurs. Parys het as gasheerstad van die <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_1900" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1900">Olimpiese Somerspele van 1900</a> en <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_1924" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1924">1924</a> opgetree en sal naas <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_2024" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 2024">2024</a> die tweede stad wees wat vir 'n derde keer as gasheerstad vir <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele" title="Olimpiese Somerspele">Olimpiese Somerspele</a> optree.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die oppidum <a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">oppidum</a> op die gebied van die huidige stad Parys is in die middel-1ste eeu v.C. deur <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> genoem as <i>Luteciam Parisiorum</i> ("<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutetia (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lutetia</a> van die Parisii") en na dié stad is in die vyfde eeu n.C. verwys as <i>Parision</i> en toe as <i>Paris</i> in 1265.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Falileyev_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falileyev-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gedurende die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse tydperk</a> was die stad algemeen bekend in <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyn</a> as <i>Lutetia</i> of <i>Lutecia</i> en in <a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a> as <i>Leukotekía</i>, wat albei moontlik ontleen is aan óf die <a href="/wiki/Kelties" title="Kelties">Keltiese</a> wortel <i>*lukot-</i> ("muis") óf aan *<i>luto-</i> ("moeras", vleiland").<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Falileyev_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falileyev-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die naam "Parys" is afgelei van sy vroeë inwoners, die Parisii, 'n <a href="/wiki/Galli%C3%AB" title="Gallië">Galliese</a> stam uit die <a href="/wiki/Ystertydperk" title="Ystertydperk">Ystertydperk</a> en die Romeinse tydperk.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die betekenis van die Galliese etnoniem bly egter omstrede. Volgens <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Delamarre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xavier Delamarre (bladsy bestaan nie)">Xavier Delamarre</a> is dit moontlik ontleen aan die Keltiese wortel <i>pario-</i> ("ketel).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Holder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Holder (bladsy bestaan nie)">Alfred Holder</a> interpreteer die naam as "die vervaardigers" of "die bevelvoerders", deur om dit te vergelyk met die <a href="/wiki/Wallies" title="Wallies">Walliese</a> <i>peryff</i> ("heer", "bevelvoerder"), albei stam moontlik af van 'n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Kelties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Kelties (bladsy bestaan nie)">Proto-Keltiese</a> vorm wat gerekonstrueer word as *<i>kwar-is-io</i>-.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatiewelik stel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Yves_Lambert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Yves Lambert (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pierre-Yves Lambert</a> voor om <i>Parisii</i> te vertaal as "spiesmense" en verbind die eerste deel aan die Oudierse woord <i>carr</i> ("spies"), ontleen aan die vroeë vorm *<i>kwar-sā</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Falileyev_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falileyev-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die stadsnaam hou in elk geval nie verband met <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in die <a href="/wiki/Griekse_mitologie" title="Griekse mitologie">Griekse mitologie</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Paris_SPOT_1017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Paris_SPOT_1017.jpg/220px-Paris_SPOT_1017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Paris_SPOT_1017.jpg/330px-Paris_SPOT_1017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Paris_SPOT_1017.jpg/440px-Paris_SPOT_1017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nasa" title="Nasa">Nasa</a>-Satellietbeeld van Parys se metropolitaanse gebied</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Aerial_view_of_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Aerial_view_of_Paris.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Aerial_view_of_Paris.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_of_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Aerial_view_of_Paris.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_of_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Die middestad en die sakedistrik La Défense (in die agtergrond), soos gesien vanuit die Eiffeltoring</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:MontmartreFunicularLarge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/MontmartreFunicularLarge.jpg/220px-MontmartreFunicularLarge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/MontmartreFunicularLarge.jpg/330px-MontmartreFunicularLarge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/MontmartreFunicularLarge.jpg/440px-MontmartreFunicularLarge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Die kabelkar van <a href="/wiki/Montmartre" title="Montmartre">Montmartre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Die kernstad – amptelik <i>Ville de Paris</i> – vorm administratief 'n selfstandige département met 'n oppervlakte van 105,4 vierkante kilometer en 'n bevolking van 2,2 miljoen wat van Parys die mees digbevolkte hoofstad in Europa maak. Dit word administratief onderverdeel in twintig <i><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement" title="Arrondissement">arrondissements</a></i> (stadsdistrikte) en tagtig <i>quartiers</i> (stadsbuurte). </p><p>Uitgestrekte voorstede – in Frans <i>banlieues</i> genoem – omring die kernstad in twee konsentriese ringe. Die binnekring daarvan word gevorm deur die drie départements <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a> en <a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a>. Die buitekring, waarin die vier départements <a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a> en <a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a> geleë is, het nog 'n relatief sterk landelike karakter. </p><p>Die bogenoemde agt départements met 'n totale oppervlakte van 14 518 vierkante kilometer en 'n bevolking van twaalf miljoen vorm saam die administratiewe gewes Île-de-France – die derde grootste metropolitaanse gebied in Europa en die welvarendste streek in Frankryk. </p><p>Parys en sy voorstede is op 'n gemiddelde hoogte van 65 meter bo seevlak in die sentrum van die <a href="/wiki/Paryse_Bekken" title="Paryse Bekken">Paryse Bekken</a>, 'n vrugbare landboustreek, geleë. Die stadsgebied word deur twee groot bosgebiede omring wat as ontspanningsgebiede vir die stedelike bevolking dien. Die hoogste van sewe heuwels binne die stadsgrense is <a href="/wiki/Montmartre" title="Montmartre">Butte Montmartre</a> (130 meter). 'n Kabelkar, die <i>Funiculaire de Montmartre</i>, neem besoekers na die bergpiek. Teen die hange van die Montmartre is die enigste wingerd in die Franse hoofstad aangelê. </p><p>Die Paryse meridiaan, wat in 1718 deur die Franse sterrekundige en geodeet Jacques Cassini (1677–1756) vasgelê en in 1806 deur die natuurkundige en menseregte-aktivis François Arago (1786–1853) noukeurig bereken is, het tot en met 1884, toe die Internasionale Meridiaan-konferensie in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> gehou is, een van baie nulmeridiane gevorm. Dit loop regdeur die Paryse sterrewag en word sowel deur 'n aantal suile asook deur die Arago-bronsmedaljonne aangedui wat in 1995 deur die Nederlandse konsepkunstenaar Jan Dibbets op 'n diskrete manier in die straatplaveisel, sypaadjies, binnehowe en verskeie geboue (waaronder die <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>-museum) versink is. Die medaljonne is 'n eerbetuiging vir hierdie bekende Franse natuurkundige en menseregte-aktivis. Van die oorspronklik 135 plakette, wat aanvanklik min belangstelling gewek het, is ná die vrystelling van <i>The Da Vinci Code</i>, die Amerikaanse skrywer <a href="/wiki/Dan_Brown" title="Dan Brown">Dan Brown</a> se blitsverkoper-riller, gesteel. Die skrywer se verwysing na 'n sogenaamde "Roselyn" in verband met die medaljonne is suiwer fiktief. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Klimaat"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sunset_over_Paris_6,_France_August_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sunset_over_Paris_6%2C_France_August_2013.jpg/220px-Sunset_over_Paris_6%2C_France_August_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sunset_over_Paris_6%2C_France_August_2013.jpg/330px-Sunset_over_Paris_6%2C_France_August_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sunset_over_Paris_6%2C_France_August_2013.jpg/440px-Sunset_over_Paris_6%2C_France_August_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4909" data-file-height="3249" /></a><figcaption>Parys teen sononder</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:The_sunset_on_Sacre_Coeur,_Paris_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_sunset_on_Sacre_Coeur%2C_Paris_2007.jpg/220px-The_sunset_on_Sacre_Coeur%2C_Paris_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_sunset_on_Sacre_Coeur%2C_Paris_2007.jpg/330px-The_sunset_on_Sacre_Coeur%2C_Paris_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_sunset_on_Sacre_Coeur%2C_Paris_2007.jpg/440px-The_sunset_on_Sacre_Coeur%2C_Paris_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Montmartre en Sacré-Cœur word verlig in die laaste sonstrale</figcaption></figure> <p>Parys het 'n gematigde oseaniese klimaat wat deur die Noord-Atlantiese Stroom beïnvloed word. Daar is dus gewoonlik geen ekstreme weerstoestande wat met buitengewoon hoë of lae temperature gepaardgaan nie. Die gemiddelde jaarlikse temperatuur is 10,9 °C. Die gemiddelde jaarlikse hoogste temperatuur is sowat 15 °C, die gemiddelde laagste jaarlikse temperatuur sowat 7 °C. </p><p>Die hoogste temperatuur wat nog aangeteken is, was 40,4 °C op 28 Julie 1948, en die laagste –23,9 °C op 10 Desember 1879. In die laaste jare is die gebied van Parys met die Europese hittegolf van 2003 en die baie koue winter van 2006 deur twee ekstreme weerverskynsels getref. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Re%C3%ABn" title="Reën">Reënval</a> kom dwarsdeur die jaar voor, en Parys is bekend vir sy skielike reënbuie. Die gemiddelde jaarlikse neerslae is 641,6 millimeter. <a href="/wiki/Sneeu" title="Sneeu">Sneeuvalle</a> word in Parys nouliks aangeteken; gewoonlik is dit 'n baie kortstondige dun sneeulaag wat in Januarie en Februarie kan voorkom. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="color:black;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14" style="background-color:#eeeeee; text-align:center; font-size:90%;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Weergegewens vir Parys (Parc Montsouris), 1981–2010</span> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;"> <th>Maand </th> <th title="Januarie" style="width:3em">Jan </th> <th title="Februarie" style="width:3em">Feb </th> <th title="Maart" style="width:3em">Mar </th> <th title="April" style="width:3em">Apr </th> <th title="Mei" style="width:3em">Mei </th> <th title="Junie" style="width:3em">Jun </th> <th title="Julie" style="width:3em">Jul </th> <th title="Augustus" style="width:3em">Aug </th> <th title="September" style="width:3em">Sep </th> <th title="Oktober" style="width:3em">Okt </th> <th title="November" style="width:3em">Nov </th> <th title="Desember" style="width:3em">Des </th> <th style="width:4em; border-left-width:medium;">Jaar </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee; white-space:nowrap;">Hoogste maksimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">16,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">25,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF2000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">30,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #E00000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">34,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">37,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">40,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">39,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #E00000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">36,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">28,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">17,1 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">40,4 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde maksimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">12,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">15,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">19,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">22,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">25,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">25,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">16,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">10,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7,5 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">16,0 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde temperatuur (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">15,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">18,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">20,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">20,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">16,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">13,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5,5 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">12,5 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde minimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">2,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">2,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">10,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">13,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">15,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">15,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">12,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">3,4 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">8,5 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Laagste minimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #00A0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−14,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #00A0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−14,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #40E0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−9,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−3,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−0,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">3,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−3,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #00A0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−14 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #0040FF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">−23,9 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #0040FF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">−23,9 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" height="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Neerslag (mm) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">53,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">43,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">48,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">53 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">65 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">64,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">63,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">43 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">54,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">59,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">51,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">58,7 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background-color: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">649,6 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:88%; background-color:#F5F5F5; color:black;"><i>Bron: Météo-France,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infoclimat.fr<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antieke_tydperk">Antieke tydperk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Antieke tydperk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Antieke tydperk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:CoinsOfTheParisii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/CoinsOfTheParisii.jpg/220px-CoinsOfTheParisii.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/CoinsOfTheParisii.jpg/330px-CoinsOfTheParisii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/CoinsOfTheParisii.jpg/440px-CoinsOfTheParisii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>Goue muntstukke wat deur die Keltiese Parisii in die tydperk tussen 100 en 50 v.C. geslaan is</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:RomeinsParijs.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/RomeinsParijs.JPG/220px-RomeinsParijs.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/RomeinsParijs.JPG/330px-RomeinsParijs.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/RomeinsParijs.JPG/440px-RomeinsParijs.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>'n Skaalmodel van die Romeinse Lutetia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Le_forum_de_Lut%C3%A8ce,_maquette.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Le_forum_de_Lut%C3%A8ce%2C_maquette.JPG/220px-Le_forum_de_Lut%C3%A8ce%2C_maquette.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Le_forum_de_Lut%C3%A8ce%2C_maquette.JPG/330px-Le_forum_de_Lut%C3%A8ce%2C_maquette.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Le_forum_de_Lut%C3%A8ce%2C_maquette.JPG/440px-Le_forum_de_Lut%C3%A8ce%2C_maquette.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Die Romeinse <i>forum</i> van Lutetia</figcaption></figure> <p>Die vroegste <a href="/wiki/Kelte" title="Kelte">Keltiese</a> nedersettings het verrys op twee klein eilande in die rivier Seine, wat deur die stad vloei. In daardie tyd het die nedersetting bekend gestaan as <i>Louk-teih</i> (Plek van die Moeras) of <i>Lutu-hezi</i> (Waterwoning). Hoewel dit net uit 'n klompie houthutte bestaan het, was dit 'n plek van strategiese belang. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Gaius Julius Caesar</a>, wat <a href="/wiki/Galli%C3%AB" title="Gallië">Gallië</a> in die 1ste eeu v.C. verower en onder Romeinse bewind gebring het, was die eerste wat na die <a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">oppidum</a> of Keltiese nedersetting as <i>Lutetia</i> verwys het. Ander antieke bronne gee die naam as <i>Lucotecia</i>. In elk geval is die nedersetting met die plaaslike Galliese stam verbind wat in <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyns</a> <i>Parisii</i> genoem is – as <i>Lutetia Parisiorum</i>. Topografies is die nedersetting, meer nog as vandag, deur die Seinerivier oorheers. Die rivierbedding, wat in die stadsgebied vandag 'n maksimum breedte van tweehonderd meter bereik, was in die Kelties-Romeinse tydperk op plekke moontlik 'n halwe kilometer breed. Aangesien <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winters</a> indertyd redelik koud was, was die Seine gedurende die koudste maande met 'n yslaag bedek wat die bou van brûe bemoeilik het. Die ys kon geweldige druk daarteen uitoefen en die brûe meesleur. Daarnaas kon voedselvoorrade gedurende lang koue periodes opgebruik wees sodat bewoners deur hongersnode geteister is. </p><p>Die antieke Seine was ook minder diep, met uitgestrekte moerasse aan weerskante. Aan die linkeroewer het 'n syrivier, die Bièvre, in die Seine uitgemond (waarskynlik naby die huidige Austerlitz-stasie). Die laagliggende grond langs die regteroewer is deur oorstromings bedreig. Dieselfde geld vir die antieke Île de la Cité, die eiland waarop die Parisii hul nedersetting gebou het, wat sowat ses meter laer as vandag geleë was. Dié eiland was betreklik kleiner as vandag – sewe of agt hektaar in vergelyking met die huidige sewentien – en slegs die grootste en belangrikste temidde 'n hele eilandgroep. Drie kleiner eilandjies was aan sy westelike kant geleë, vier aan sy oostelike kant. Hulle het eers in latere eeue met die oewerland of die Île versmelt; in die antieke tyd het die topografie navigasie op die rivier bemoeilik en beperk tot skepe met weinig diepgang. </p><p>As Romeinse veldheer het Julius Caesar nie soseer belang in Lutetia se strategiese waarde of topografiese besonderhede gestel nie. Die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Republiek" title="Romeinse Republiek">Romeinse Republiek</a> was teen omstreeks 50 v.C. besig om sy magsgebied aansienlik uit te brei en uiteindelik die hele Gallië onder sy beheer te kry. Die suidelike deel van Gallië, wat destyds as <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Gallia Narbonensis</a> bekend gestaan het, het reeds sedert 121 v.C. deel uitgemaak van die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse Ryk</a> en was 'n belangrike landverbinding tussen die Italiese en <a href="/wiki/Iberiese_Skiereiland" title="Iberiese Skiereiland">Iberiese Skiereilande</a>. Casar het sy Galliese Oorloë tussen 58 en 51 v.C. gevoer om die Romeinse invloedsfeer in Suid-Gallië te beskerm, Galliese en Germaanse aanvalle uit die noorde af te weer en die Ryksgrens verder noordwaarts te verskuif – na die "Harige Gallië", soos dit ter onderskeiding van die geromaniseerde suide genoem is.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dit was dus allesbehalwe spesifiek op die Parisii-stam gemik, maar eerder op ander, magtige stamme in Galliese streke suid van Lutetia soos die Averni in die <a href="/wiki/Sentraalmassief" title="Sentraalmassief">Sentraalmassief</a>, die Carnutes in die gebied van die huidige <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> en die Senones rondom die huidige Sens. Die Parisii het aanvanklik moeite gedoen om nie by die konflik betrokke te raak nie. Hulle het selfs Caesar se guns geniet. In 53 v.C. het die veldheer in Lutetia 'n vergadering van alle Galliese stamme byeengeroep. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Romanbathparis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Romanbathparis.jpg/220px-Romanbathparis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Romanbathparis.jpg/330px-Romanbathparis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Romanbathparis.jpg/440px-Romanbathparis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Ru%C3%AFne" title="Ruïne">ruïne</a> van 'n Romeinse badhuis in die Quartier Latin</figcaption></figure> <p>In die volgende jaar het die Parisii egter na die vyand oorgeloop. Caesar het troepe onder bevel van sy getroue luitenant Labenius na Lutetia ontbied waar die Parisii onder bevel van Camulogenus in 'n beslissende veldslag gedwing en verpletterend verslaan is. Parisii-stryders wat kon ontsnap het suidwaarts gevlug om by <a href="/wiki/Vercingetorix" title="Vercingetorix">Vercingetorix</a> se Galliese weerstandsmag aan te sluit. Volgens Caesar se verslae het sowat 8 000 Parisii aan die <a href="/wiki/Slag_van_Alesi%C3%AB" title="Slag van Alesië">Slag van Alesië</a> in 52 v.C. deelgeneem wat nog eens in 'n rampspoedige Galliese neerlaag geëindig het. </p><p>Ná die Galliese Oorlog is Gallië by die Romeinse Ryk ingelyf en in drie provinsies verdeel, waarby Lutetia deel uitgemaak het van <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a>, die mees noordelike van die drie administratiewe eenhede. <a href="/wiki/Argeologie" title="Argeologie">Argeologiese</a> vondse dui daarop dat Lutetia in die beginjare van die Romeinse bewind 'n fase van ekonomiese agteruitgang beleef het, sigbaar in die verminderde metaalwaarde van muntstukke wat in die stad geslaan is. Hierdie munte kontrasteer met indrukwekkende goue munte wat dekades voor die Romeinse verowering deur die Parisii vervaardig is en van die florerende ekonomie en handel in die gebied getuig.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>So het Lutetia uiters stadig tot 'n stedelike nedersetting volgens die klassieke Romeinse model ontwikkel. Die stad het heel waarskynlik 'n roostervormige straatuitleg gehad, waarby vir die tradisionele <i>cardo</i>, die hoofstraat wat in noord-suidelike rigting aangelê is, 'n bestaande pad gekies is wat parallel met die huidige Rue Saint-Jacques geloop het. Die grootste deel van die Romeinse nedersetting was aan die linkeroewer van die Seine in die huidige Vde arrondissement geleë. Die stadsgebied het vanaf die huidige Rue Mouffetard in die ooste tot Rue de Vaugirard (VIde arrondissement) in die weste en vanaf die huidige <a href="/wiki/Boulevard_Saint-Germain" title="Boulevard Saint-Germain">Boulevard Saint-Germain</a> tot die heuwelpiek Montagne Sainte-Geneviève gestrek. </p><p>Volgens oorlewering het Sint Genoveva (Frans: <i>Sainte-Geneviève</i>, 422–502 of 512), wat later die beskermheilige van Parys sou word, in die tyd van die Hunne-invalle 'n beroep op Parysenaars gedoen om nie uit die Gallo-Romeinse stad te vlug nie. Almal sou bid en boete doen. Parys is inderdaad in 451 deur die <a href="/wiki/Hunne" title="Hunne">Hunne</a> – wat toe groot dele van Europa verwoes het – gespaar.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middeleeue">Middeleeue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Middeleeue" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Middeleeue"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Palais_de_la_Cite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Palais_de_la_Cite.jpg/220px-Palais_de_la_Cite.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Palais_de_la_Cite.jpg/330px-Palais_de_la_Cite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Palais_de_la_Cite.jpg/440px-Palais_de_la_Cite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1127" data-file-height="757" /></a><figcaption>Die <i>Palais de la Cité</i> en <i>Sainte-Chapelle</i>, soos gesien vanaf die linkeroewer in die <i>Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry</i>, Junie 1410</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Model-Paris-NW.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Model-Paris-NW.JPG/220px-Model-Paris-NW.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Model-Paris-NW.JPG/330px-Model-Paris-NW.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Model-Paris-NW.JPG/440px-Model-Paris-NW.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>'n Model van 16de eeuse Parys wys 'n stad met 'n oorwegend Middeleeuse karakter<br /><small>Musée Carnavalet, Parys</small></figcaption></figure> <p>Onder die Frankiese bewind het Parys as die hoofstad van die Neustriese Deelryk gedien, maar dit is in die <a href="/wiki/Karolingers" title="Karolingers">Karolingiese</a> tydperk weer afgeskaal tot hoofstad van die graafskap, terwyl die politieke magsentrum ooswaarts verskuif het. Maar desondanks het die stad as handelsplek gefloreer en die bevolking teen omtrent 800 reeds 20 000 beloop. Ongelukkig het ook <a href="/wiki/Wikings" title="Wikings">Wikings</a> aangetrokke gevoel tot Parys se rykdomme en die stad verskeie kere geplunder. Eers in 885 het graaf Odo uit die Robertynse dinastie daarin geslaag om die Noormanne te verslaan. Met die bekroning van hertog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Capet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Capet (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hugo Capet</a> as koning van Frankryk in 987 het Parys sy status as hoofstad van die ryk herwin. </p><p>Parys het groot welvaart uit sy ligging ervaar – belangrike handelsroetes het hier bymekaar gekom. Tydens die heerskappy van die konings <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodewyk_VI_van_Frankryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodewyk VI van Frankryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lodewyk VI</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodewyk_VII_van_Frankryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodewyk VII van Frankryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lodewyk VII</a> het die stad meer en meer administratiewe funksies as hoofstad van Frankryk begin waarneem, en sy beroemde skole – soos byvoorbeeld die katedraalskool van Sainte-Geneviève – het die vernaamste geleerdes en 'n groot aantal studente van verskillende Europese lande gelok. Hierdie skole wat hulle hoofsaaklik aan die linkeroewer van die rivier Seine geleë was, was die voorlopers van die Universiteit van Parys wat in die twaalfde eeu gestig is. Die studente het gewoonlik Latyn met mekaar gepraat sodat na hulle woonbuurt (wat vandag nog bestaan) as die <a href="/wiki/Quartier_Latin" title="Quartier Latin">Quartier Latin</a> verwys is. </p><p>Nogtans was Parys in die 12de eeu nog 'n betreklik klein hoofstad wat naas die Île de la Cité uit verskeie klein nedersettings aan weerskante van die Seine bestaan het. Hierdie nedersettings het oorspronklik rondom abdye ontstaan. Aan die linkeroewer is die abdye van St-Germain-des-Prés, St-Marcel en St-Gervais danksy koninklike finansiële steun oor 'n tydperk van sowat 150 jaar geleidelik heropgebou na verwoestende Wiking-aanvalle. Die Seine se regteroewer het oor beter aanlêplekke beskik en kon sodoende voordeel trek uit die groeiende rivierhandel. Hier was drie nedersettings rondom die abdye van St-Germain-l'Auxerrois, St-Martin-des-Champs en St-Gervais geleë. </p><p>Die regentskap van koning Filips-Augustus tussen 1180 en 1223 word as wentelpunt in die geskiedenis van Parys beskou. In hierdie periode het die eerste permanente markgeboue in Les Halles ontstaan. Die bou van 'n stadsmuur, waarmee aanvanklik die sakesentrum aan die regteroewer, later ook buurte op die linkeroewer beskerm is, het 'n veilige omgewing vir 'n verskeidenheid gildes geskep wat ekonomiese welvaart vir die stad en hoër belastinginkomste vir die monarg verseker het. In die weste van Parys het Filips-Augustus 'n kasteel, die Louvre, laat bou om Parys teen moontlike aanvalle te beskerm. In 'n tyd, toe die hertog van Normandië ook as koning van Engeland geregeer het, is die pad tussen Parys en Normandië as potensiële invalsroete beskou. </p><p>Die stad het ook in die 13de eeu nog sterk gegroei; die koninklike paleis is vergroot en die <a href="/wiki/Gotiese_argitektuur" title="Gotiese argitektuur">Gotiese</a> <a href="/wiki/Katedraal" title="Katedraal">katedraal</a> in die <i>cité</i> (historiese stadskern) is opgerig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vroeë_moderne_tydperk"><span id="Vroe.C3.AB_moderne_tydperk"></span>Vroeë moderne tydperk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Vroeë moderne tydperk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Vroeë moderne tydperk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Koning <a href="/wiki/Filips_II_van_Frankryk" title="Filips II van Frankryk">Filips II van Frankryk</a> het die stad, wat nou sowat 80 000 inwoners getel het, laat versterk, en onder koning <a href="/wiki/Lodewyk_IX_van_Frankryk" title="Lodewyk IX van Frankryk">Lodewyk IX</a> het dit uiteindelik tot een van die grootste en belangrikste stede in Europa ontwikkel. Die stad het saam met die <a href="/wiki/Monargie" title="Monargie">monargie</a> gegroei, maar weens sy oorgrote politieke belang is dit nooit stadstatus toegestaan nie. 'n Koninklike <i>provost</i> het Parys geregeer, en behalwe vir die gildes – by name die koopliede van die Seine – het die burgerskap nie daarin geslaag om 'n stadsraad of ander verteenwoordigende liggame te skep nie. Die Sonkoning <a href="/wiki/Lodewyk_XIV_van_Frankryk" title="Lodewyk XIV van Frankryk">Lodewyk XIV</a> het verkies om in die nabygeleë <a href="/wiki/Versailles" title="Versailles">Versailles</a> te bly waar die <a href="/wiki/Paleis_van_Versailles" title="Paleis van Versailles">Paleis van Versailles</a> as uitgestrekte koninklike residensie ontstaan het. Versailles het sodoende tussen 1643 en 1715 as koninklike hoofstad gedien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Franse_Rewolusie">Franse Rewolusie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Franse Rewolusie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Franse Rewolusie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die burgerlike verset teen die absolutistiese "Ancien Régime" het 'n hoogtepunt in die <a href="/wiki/Franse_Rewolusie" title="Franse Rewolusie">Franse Rewolusie</a> bereik. Op 14 Julie 1789 het die burgers die gevangenis <a href="/wiki/Bastille" title="Bastille">Bastille</a> gestorm. Die Rewolusionêre het geprobeer om die land van die adelsheerskappy, die geestelikheid en ook die Christelike "bygeloof" te bevry. Die nekslag wat die adel en kerk toegedien is, het verseker dat Frankryk tot 'n sekulêre maatskappy van selfstandige burgers ontwikkel het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_skepping_van_'n_wêreldstad"><span id="Die_skepping_van_.27n_w.C3.AAreldstad"></span>Die skepping van 'n wêreldstad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Die skepping van 'n wêreldstad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Die skepping van 'n wêreldstad"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Gustave_Caillebotte_-_Paris_Street;_Rainy_Day_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gustave_Caillebotte_-_Paris_Street%3B_Rainy_Day_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Gustave_Caillebotte_-_Paris_Street%3B_Rainy_Day_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gustave_Caillebotte_-_Paris_Street%3B_Rainy_Day_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Gustave_Caillebotte_-_Paris_Street%3B_Rainy_Day_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gustave_Caillebotte_-_Paris_Street%3B_Rainy_Day_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Gustave_Caillebotte_-_Paris_Street%3B_Rainy_Day_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5982" data-file-height="4531" /></a><figcaption>Gustave Caillebotte – La Place de Dublin in die reëntyd (laat 19de eeu)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Gare_Saint-Lazare_1868.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Gare_Saint-Lazare_1868.jpg/220px-Gare_Saint-Lazare_1868.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Gare_Saint-Lazare_1868.jpg/330px-Gare_Saint-Lazare_1868.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Gare_Saint-Lazare_1868.jpg/440px-Gare_Saint-Lazare_1868.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1483" data-file-height="1078" /></a><figcaption>Die nuwe treinstasie <i>Gare Saint-Lazare</i> in aanbou, omstreeks 1868</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1848 is Parys sterk deur rewolusionêre onluste geraak. <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III_van_Frankryk" title="Napoleon III van Frankryk">Louis-Napoléon</a>, wat Frankryk aanvanklik as president geregeer het en vanaf 1852 'n diktatoriese bewind as <a href="/wiki/Keiser" title="Keiser">keiser</a> daargestel het, was van voorneme om Parys in 'n monumentele wêreldstad om te skep. Georges Eugène Haussmann (1809–1891), 'n bekwame provinsiale prefek sonder enige formele opleiding in argitektuur of stadsbeplanning, is deur die keiser in 1852 as prefek van die département Seine – en dus Parys – benoem om dié plan te verwesenlik.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit was die begin van vier dekades se ongekende boubedrywighede. Altesaam 2,5 miljard goudfrank is gedurende die Tweede Keiserryk tussen 1852 en 1870 aan dié projek bestee (banklenings, wat hiervoor aangegaan is, was eers in 1929 afbetaal). In dié twee dekades het die Franse hoofstad ongekende groei ervaar – die inwonertal het van 1,2 miljoen in 1850 toegeneem tot twee miljoen in 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In daardie tyd het die binnestad van Parys in baie opsigte nog 'n sterk middeleeuse karakter gehad, terwyl voorstede en krotbuurte langs die stadsrand uitgebrei het. Die <a href="/wiki/Higi%C3%ABne" title="Higiëne">onhigiëniese</a> toestande in kwartiere soos die Marais het nie net ernstige gesondheidsrisiko's vir hul bewoners ingehou nie (<a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> en <a href="/wiki/Tifus" title="Tifus">tifus</a> was 'n konstante bedreiging), ook die stank was ondraaglik.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die veranderinge, wat Parys gedurende Haussmann se stadsvernuwing ondergaan het, was radikaal en omvattend. Geen ander stad is ooit in vredestye só ingrypend omgevorm soos die Franse hoofstad gedurende Haussmann se ampstermyn nie. Die herstrukturering is in drie fases deurgevoer en het die sloping van 19 730 historiese geboue (waaronder Haussmann se geboortehuis in 55 rue de Faubourg-du-Roule) en die bou van 34 000 nuwe woonhuise behels. Parys se historiese nou straatjies is vervang deur nuwe pragtige lane nie net vanweë hul wydte en lengte besonder indrukwekkend was nie, maar eers deur lang rye van reëlmatige ruim woonstelgeboue in die neo-klassieke styl met helder, roomkleurige fasades hul besondere karakter gekry het. </p><p>Die buurt rondom die treinstasie Saint- Lazare was een van die kerngebiede van Haussmann se radikale herstrukturering. Wes daarvan was 'n heuwelagtige buurt geleë wat vanweë die groot getal <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Poolse</a> immigrante "Klein-Pole" genoem is; die meeste van hulle is in barakke gehuisves. Nadat die bewoners verdryf is, is die terrein vlak gemaak en nuwe reguit strate aangelê. Kruisende strate het skerp hoeke gevorm. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Paris_vu_du_ciel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Paris_vu_du_ciel.jpg/220px-Paris_vu_du_ciel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Paris_vu_du_ciel.jpg/330px-Paris_vu_du_ciel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Paris_vu_du_ciel.jpg/440px-Paris_vu_du_ciel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1762" data-file-height="1085" /></a><figcaption>'n Lugfoto van Parys wys Haussmann se sentrale plein Place de l'Ètoile (tans Place Charles de Gaulle) wat, met die <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Triomfboog</a> as sy middelpunt, die uitgangspunt vir twaalf radiale stadslane vorm</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Gare_du_Nord_night_Paris_FRA_001.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Gare_du_Nord_night_Paris_FRA_001.JPG/220px-Gare_du_Nord_night_Paris_FRA_001.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Gare_du_Nord_night_Paris_FRA_001.JPG/330px-Gare_du_Nord_night_Paris_FRA_001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Gare_du_Nord_night_Paris_FRA_001.JPG/440px-Gare_du_Nord_night_Paris_FRA_001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><i>Gare du Nord</i> – 'n simbool van die nywerheidsomwenteling</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Place d'Europe, 'n plein wat reeds voor Haussmann se herstrukturering bestaan het, is in 'n soort brug bo-oor die spore van die Saint-Lazare-stasie omgeskep. Ter geleentheid van die wêreldtentoonstelling in 1867 is grootskaalse bouprojekte aangepak. Groot getalle nuwe woonhuise met vyf verdiepings het 'n besondere karakter aan die kwartier gegee. Hul neoklassieke ontwerpe met hoë "Paryse" vensters, gietysterbalkonne en 'n maksimale hoogte van 35 meter oorheers vandag nog steeds die binnestad van Parys. </p><p>Die nuwe Quartier de l'Europe was 'n aantreklike woonbuurt vir die voorstanders van 'n "moderne stedelike lewe", waaronder talle <a href="/wiki/Impressionisme" title="Impressionisme">impressionistiese</a> skilders soos <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustave_Caillebotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustave Caillebotte (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gustave Caillebotte</a>, maar ook digters soos Stéphane Mallarmé en skrywers soos Maxime du Camp. Haussmann se nuwe kwartier was daarnaas 'n geskikte woonplek vir <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a> se romanheld Jacques Lantier. </p><p>Naas elegante woonkwartiere en lane het Haussmann se ontwerpe voorsiening gemaak vir 'n moderne stedelike infrastruktuur met ruim openbare pleine, groot stadsparke (waarvoor <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a> se <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyde Park">Hyde Park</a> as voorbeeld gedien het), 'n nuwe rioleringstelsel, 'n nuwe akwaduk wat Parysenaars van vars <a href="/wiki/Drinkwater" title="Drinkwater">drinkwater</a> voorsien het, 'n netwerk van ondergrondse gaspyplyne vir die beligting van strate en woonhuise, kunsvolle fonteine, ryk versierde openbare toilette en lang rye nuutgeplante bome. </p><p>Ewe elegant was die ontwerpe vir nuwe spoorwegstasies soos die Gare du Nord en Gare de l'Est, die opulente Paryse Operahuis, nuwe teaters op die plein Place du Châtelet, die Les Halles-markgebou met sy kunsvolle ysterraamwerk (onsterflik gemaak deur Émile Zola se roman "Die buik van Parys"), maar ook nuwe kerk- en skoolgeboue. Een van Hausmann se meesterwerke was die Place de l'Étoile (tans Place Charles de Gaulle) met sy netwerk van twaalf radiale lane. </p><p>Die skadukant van Haussmann se projek was die verdrywing van armer bewoners (van Parys se arm buurte het voor die verwesenliking van Haussmann se plan tot vlakby die keiserlike paleis gestrek), onteienings en die grootskaalse sloping van bestaande woongeboue. Woonstelle in die Paryse binnestad was nou nog net vir die nouveaux riches, die nuwe welgestelde <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</a>, bekostigbaar. </p><p>Haussmann se planne was ook ná sy gedwonge aftrede in 1870 – die keiser is skerp gekritiseer vir die buitensporige koste wat aan die stadsvernuwing verbonde was en moes van sy prefek ontslae raak – rigtingwysend vir die ontwikkeling van Parys. Groot woonstelle en die nabyheid van openbare vervoer soos treine vir naweekuitstappies langs die Seinerivier het middelklashuurders na die kwartier gelok. Dit was hul leefstyl wat die Franse impressioniste in hul skilderye sou uitbeeld. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laat_19de_eeu">Laat 19de eeu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Laat 19de eeu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Laat 19de eeu"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Basilique_du_Sacr%C3%A9-C%C5%93ur,_Paris_23_August_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Basilique_du_Sacr%C3%A9-C%C5%93ur%2C_Paris_23_August_2013.jpg/220px-Basilique_du_Sacr%C3%A9-C%C5%93ur%2C_Paris_23_August_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Basilique_du_Sacr%C3%A9-C%C5%93ur%2C_Paris_23_August_2013.jpg/330px-Basilique_du_Sacr%C3%A9-C%C5%93ur%2C_Paris_23_August_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Basilique_du_Sacr%C3%A9-C%C5%93ur%2C_Paris_23_August_2013.jpg/440px-Basilique_du_Sacr%C3%A9-C%C5%93ur%2C_Paris_23_August_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Die katedraal <i>Basilique du Sacré-Cœur de Montmartre</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Le_Chateau_d%27eau_and_plaza,_Exposition_Universal,_1900,_Paris,_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Le_Chateau_d%27eau_and_plaza%2C_Exposition_Universal%2C_1900%2C_Paris%2C_France.jpg/220px-Le_Chateau_d%27eau_and_plaza%2C_Exposition_Universal%2C_1900%2C_Paris%2C_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Le_Chateau_d%27eau_and_plaza%2C_Exposition_Universal%2C_1900%2C_Paris%2C_France.jpg/330px-Le_Chateau_d%27eau_and_plaza%2C_Exposition_Universal%2C_1900%2C_Paris%2C_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Le_Chateau_d%27eau_and_plaza%2C_Exposition_Universal%2C_1900%2C_Paris%2C_France.jpg/440px-Le_Chateau_d%27eau_and_plaza%2C_Exposition_Universal%2C_1900%2C_Paris%2C_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3262" data-file-height="2343" /></a><figcaption>Die Paryse Wêreldtentoonstelling van 1900</figcaption></figure> <p>Die militêre nederlaag teen Pruisiese troepe in die slag van Sedan gedurende die <a href="/wiki/Frans-Duitse_Oorlog" title="Frans-Duitse Oorlog">Franko-Pruisiese Oorlog</a> van 1870–1871 en die gevangeneming van keiser Napoléon III het die Tweede Keiserryk se ondergang ingelui. 'n Provisoriese regering het op 4 September 1870 in die Paryse Raadsaal die <a href="/wiki/Franse_Derde_Republiek" title="Franse Derde Republiek">Derde Franse Republiek</a> geproklameer, terwyl die stad deur Pruisiese troepe beleër is. Op 28 Januarie 1871 is Parys deur Pruisiese magte beset. </p><p>Die beleg van Parys het in die winter van 1870–1871 tot 'n hongersnood gelei en rewolusionêre neigings aangespoor. Tussen Maart en Mei 1871 het <a href="/wiki/Kommunisme" title="Kommunisme">kommunistiese</a> en <a href="/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme">sosialistiese</a> arbeiders, die sogenaamde <i>Commune van Parys</i>, in opstand teen die heersende regering gekom. Die rebellie is deur regeringstroepe genadeloos onderdruk. </p><p>As gevolg van die oorlog het Frankryk sy leidende politieke rol in Europa kwytgeraak, maar desondanks het Parys in die tagtigerjare van die 19de eeu weer 'n tydperk van bloeiende welvaart beleef wat later as <a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a> bekend sou staan. In hierdie tydperk het weelderige afdelingswinkels en paleise ontstaan, net soos die <a href="/wiki/Eiffeltoring" title="Eiffeltoring">Eiffeltoring</a> – 'n projek wat, toe dit in (1889 as die destyds hoogste gebou op aarde voltooi is, nog omstrede was onder Parysenaars, maar uiteindelik die bekendste baken van die Franse hoofstad geword het. Ander opspraakwekkende bouprojekte in dié tyd sluit die eerste veelverdieping-staal-betongebou (voltooi in 1892), die <a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais" title="Grand Palais">Grand Palais</a> en Petit Palais (1900), die brug <i>Pont Alexandre III</i>, die basiliek Sacré-Cœur (1900) en die <i>Métro</i> (moltreinlyn) tussen Maillot en Vincennes (1900) in. Naas die wêreldtentoonstellings van 1878, 1889 en 1900 het Parys ook as gasheerstad van die <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_1900" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1900">Olimpiese Somerspele 1900</a> opgetree. </p><p>Die tydgees van die Belle Époque is weerspieël in 'n bloeiende kunslewe, Parys se operahuise en teaters, in elegante modestyle, straatkafees en salonne. As kulturele spilpunt van Europa het Parys 'n magneet vir kunstenaars en intellektueles geword, terwyl jong welvarendes 'n besoek aan die Franse hoofstad as die afronding en bekroning van hul opleiding beskou het.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20ste_eeu">20ste eeu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: 20ste eeu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: 20ste eeu"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:D%C3%A9tail_des_tours_de_Tolbiac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/D%C3%A9tail_des_tours_de_Tolbiac.jpg/220px-D%C3%A9tail_des_tours_de_Tolbiac.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/D%C3%A9tail_des_tours_de_Tolbiac.jpg/330px-D%C3%A9tail_des_tours_de_Tolbiac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/D%C3%A9tail_des_tours_de_Tolbiac.jpg/440px-D%C3%A9tail_des_tours_de_Tolbiac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3005" data-file-height="1947" /></a><figcaption>Die Tolbiac-toringblok is 'n voorbeeld van 20ste eeuse massabehuising in sogenaamde <i>grands ensembles</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Palais_Bourbon_de_Nuit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Palais_Bourbon_de_Nuit.jpg/220px-Palais_Bourbon_de_Nuit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Palais_Bourbon_de_Nuit.jpg/330px-Palais_Bourbon_de_Nuit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Palais_Bourbon_de_Nuit.jpg/440px-Palais_Bourbon_de_Nuit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3418" data-file-height="2259" /></a><figcaption>Nagaansig van die noordfasade van die Palais Bourbon, setel van die Franse parlement (<i>Assemblée nationale</i> of Nasionale Vergadering)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Fontaine-place-de-la-concorde-paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Fontaine-place-de-la-concorde-paris.jpg/220px-Fontaine-place-de-la-concorde-paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Fontaine-place-de-la-concorde-paris.jpg/330px-Fontaine-place-de-la-concorde-paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Fontaine-place-de-la-concorde-paris.jpg/440px-Fontaine-place-de-la-concorde-paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Fontein op die Place de la Concorde</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:GaleriesLafayetteNuit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/GaleriesLafayetteNuit.jpg/220px-GaleriesLafayetteNuit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/GaleriesLafayetteNuit.jpg/330px-GaleriesLafayetteNuit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/GaleriesLafayetteNuit.jpg/440px-GaleriesLafayetteNuit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2344" data-file-height="1590" /></a><figcaption>Afdelingswinkel Galeries Lafayette op Boulevard Haussmann</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1921 het die bevolking van Parys sy historiese maksimum van meer as 2,9 miljoen bereik.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> en die Duitse <i><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">blitzkrieg</a></i> het die bitter jare van Duitse besetting gebring. In die laat somer van 1944 is Parys deur <a href="/wiki/Geallieerdes_van_die_Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Geallieerdes van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Geallieerde</a> Anglo-Franse Magte bevry. </p><p>Teen die middel van die 20ste eeu het groot getalle binnelandse migrante uit landelike gebiede en immigrante uit <a href="/wiki/Franse_oorsese_gebiede" title="Franse oorsese gebiede">oorsese Franse besittings</a> hulle in Parys kom vestig en nuwe demografiese uitdagings soos oorbevolking vir die stedelike administrasie gebied. 'n Maklike, maar kortsigtige oplossing was om mense in buitewyke, die sogenaamde <i>banlieues</i> buite die kringsnelweg <i><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_p%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique_de_Paris" title="Boulevard périphérique de Paris">Boulevard périphérique</a></i>, te huisves waar in die 1960's en 1970's uitgestrekte satellietstede ontstaan het wat hoofsaaklik uit groot woonstelblokke bestaan het, sogenaamde <i>grands ensembles</i> met onvermydelike hoë bevolkingsdigthede. </p><p>Die bevolking van Sarcelles, die eerste van hierdie residensiële nedersettings, het van slegs 8 000 in 1954 gegroei tot 35 000 sewe jaar later. Ontoereikende beplanning en die gebrek aan infrastruktuur het die lewensgehalte van satellietstadsbewoners verswak. So is byvoorbeeld min nuwe werksgeleenthede geskep en is inwoners genoodsaak om lang pendelritte na die binnestad af te lê. Grootskaalse werkloosheid het mense hulself dikwels tot misdaad laat wend. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mei_1968-protesaksies_in_Frankryk" title="Mei 1968-protesaksies in Frankryk">Studenteproteste en stakings dwarsoor die land</a> het die Paryse regering in 1968 geskud. Anders as byvoorbeeld in Duitsland het die studente- en werkersbewegings in Frankryk saamgesluit, en die eskalerende betogings en proteste het vir sommige destydse waarnemers selfs die gevaar van 'n <a href="/wiki/Burgeroorlog" title="Burgeroorlog">burgeroorlog</a> ingehou. </p><p>Die sestigerjare was nogtans 'n tydperk van ekonomiese vooruitgang; die ontwikkeling van die wolkekrabberbuurt <a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9fense" title="La Défense">La Défense</a> het in hierdie periode 'n aanvang geneem. Parys het sy rol as wêreldstad in die volgende dekades met 'n reeks asemrowende argitektoniese projekte bevestig wat deur die Franse Staatspresidente bevorder is. President <a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou</a> was die dryfkrag agter die bou van die <i>Centre Culturel</i> in die stadswyk Beaubourg; President <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" class="mw-redirect" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a> het die <i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" title="Musée d'Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a></i>, die <i>Institut du Monde arabe</i> en die <i>Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie</i> bevorder; terwyl die glaspiramide van die Louvre, die <i>Opéra-Bastille</i>, die <i>Bibliothèque de France</i> en die <i>Grande Arche</i> in La Défense onlosmaaklik met President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> verbind is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21ste_eeu">21ste eeu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: 21ste eeu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: 21ste eeu"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Desember 2005 het die EPAD, die organisasie wat tans die ontwikkeling van La Défense beheer, planne bekend gestel om 'n nuwe reeks van wolkekrabbers (waarvan een met 'n hoogte van sowat vierhonderd meter) en 'n nuwe skouburg met 5 000 sitplekke op te rig. </p><p>Parys se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banlieues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banlieues (bladsy bestaan nie)">banlieues</a>, 'n ring van voorstede wat onder meer as woonkwartiere vir minderbevoorregte bevolkingsgroepe soos immigrante uit <a href="/wiki/Noord-Afrika" title="Noord-Afrika">Noord</a>- en Swart-Afrika dien, was in die herfs van 2005 weer eens die skouplek van gewelddadige onluste, wat vinnig oor die hele land versprei het. Grootskaalse immigrasie van ongeskooldes, wat werkloosheid, armoede, woningnood en misdaad tot gevolg het, het 'n ernstige probleem vir Franse metropole geskep. Die opgehoopte frustrasie van veral jeugdiges word vergroot deur die feit dat hulle grotendeels Franse burgerskap het, maar desondanks nie in die Franse maatskappy geïntegreer is nie. Baie van hulle kan selfs nie die bus- of treinkaartjie vir 'n besoek aan die Paryse binnestad bekostig nie en staan dus geen kans op 'n werkgeleentheid nie. </p><p>Die onluste in 2005 het ná die dood van twee jeugdiges in 'n ongeluk uitgebreek. Hulle het valslik geglo dat hulle deur polisiemanne agternagesit sou word en gevlug. Gewelddadige betogings en opmerkings deur die destydse Franse Minister van Binnelandse Sake, <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a>, dat die voorstede "skoongemaak" moet word, het die aanleiding tot die landswye onluste gegee. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique,_18h50,_une_foule_silencieuse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique%2C_18h50%2C_une_foule_silencieuse.jpg/380px-Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique%2C_18h50%2C_une_foule_silencieuse.jpg" decoding="async" width="380" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique%2C_18h50%2C_une_foule_silencieuse.jpg/570px-Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique%2C_18h50%2C_une_foule_silencieuse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique%2C_18h50%2C_une_foule_silencieuse.jpg/760px-Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique%2C_18h50%2C_une_foule_silencieuse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2860" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption>Vier dae na die Islamistiese terreuraanval op <i><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo" title="Charlie Hebdo">Charlie Hebdo</a></i>: Betogers op die plein <i>Place de la République</i>, 11 Januarie 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>Op 7 Januarie 2015 het twee Moslem-ekstremiste, albei Franse burgers wat in die metropolitaanse gebied van Parys grootgemaak is, die Paryse redaksiekantoor van <i><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo" title="Charlie Hebdo">Charlie Hebdo</a></i>, 'n satiriese tydskrif wat met die <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamitiese</a> profeet <a href="/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed">Mohammed</a> spot gedryf het, aangeval en dertien mense doodgeskiet, onder wie vyf bekende spotprenttekenaars, die tydskrif se direkteur en drie polisielede. Twee dae later het 'n derde terroris vier gyselaars in 'n aanval op 'n <a href="/wiki/Jode" title="Jode">Joodse</a> supermark naby die Porte de Vincennes vermoor. Al drie aanvallers is nog op dieselfde dag deur die Paryse polisie doodgeskiet. Die twee aanvalle was die dodelikste terreuraanvalle in die Paryse hoofstad sedert 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Op 11 Januarie het 'n geskatte 1,5 miljoen mense, waaronder politieke leiers uit die buiteland, aan 'n betoging teen terrorisme en vir die vryheid van spraak deelgeneem.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Op 13 November 2015 het Moslem-ekstremiste en beweerde aanhangers van die sogenaamde <a href="/wiki/Islamitiese_Staat_(in_Irak_en_die_Levant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamitiese Staat (in Irak en die Levant)">"Islamitiese Staat"-organisasie</a> (IS) 'n reeks aanvalle op burgerlike teikens geloods. Tientalle besoekers van drie straatkafees is doodgeskiet; 'n selfmoordbommer het homself buite die stadion <i><a href="/wiki/Stade_de_France" title="Stade de France">Stade de France</a></i> opgeblaas waar op dié tydstip 'n sokker-wedstryd tussen Frankryk en Duitsland se nasionale spanne gehou is wat ook deur die Franse president <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> en die Duitse minister van buitelandse sake, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, bygewoon is; en terroriste, wat met Kalasjnikof-gewere bewapen was, het die <i>Bataclan</i>-teater- en konsertsaalgebou aangeval waar hulle tientalle toeskouers doodgeskiet het voordat hulle hulself opgeblaas het. Terwyl sewe aanvallers gesterf het, kon twee terroriste ontsnap. Altesaam 130 mense het in die terreuraanvalle gesterf en meer as 350 is beseer. </p><p>President Hollande het die aanvalle as 'n oorlogsdaad van die IS beskryf,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> die noodtoestand in heel Frankryk verklaar, grenskontrole heringestel en vyftienhonderd soldate in Parys ontplooi. Skole en universiteite is net soos ander openbare instellings in Parys op die volgende dag gesluit. </p><p>Vroeg op 18 November is drie verdagte terroriste, onder wie Abdelhamid Abaaoud wat die aanvalle na bewering beplan en gekoördineer het, in die voorstad <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis</a> deur polisielede doodgeskiet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrasie">Administrasie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Administrasie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Administrasie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administratiewe_struktuur">Administratiewe struktuur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Administratiewe struktuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Administratiewe struktuur"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Anne_Hidalgo,_f%C3%A9vrier_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Anne_Hidalgo%2C_f%C3%A9vrier_2014.jpg/170px-Anne_Hidalgo%2C_f%C3%A9vrier_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Anne_Hidalgo%2C_f%C3%A9vrier_2014.jpg/255px-Anne_Hidalgo%2C_f%C3%A9vrier_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Anne_Hidalgo%2C_f%C3%A9vrier_2014.jpg/340px-Anne_Hidalgo%2C_f%C3%A9vrier_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="807" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hidalgo" title="Anne Hidalgo">Anne Hidalgo</a>, burgemeesteres van Parys, is in 2020 herverkies vir die ampstermyn 2020–2026</figcaption></figure> <p>Volgens die Wet oor die administratiewe herstrukturering van Parys van 10 Julie 1964, wat op 1 Januarie 1968 volledig in werking getree het, vorm Parys tegelykertyd 'n nedersetting (<i>commune</i>) en 'n département. Voorheen was Parys sedert 1790 die administratiewe setel van die département Seine. Die stad word onderverdeel in twintig stedelike <i><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement" title="Arrondissement">arrondissements</a></i> of stadsdistrikte waarvan die grense in 1860 afgebaken is. Hulle het die twaalf oorspronklike arrondissements vervang wat gedurende die Franse Rewolusie op 11 Oktober 1795 geskep is. Tans word die Paryse hoofstad verder verdeel in agttien kiesafdelings. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Plan_des_anciens_arrondissements_de_Paris_avec_leurs_quartiers.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Plan_des_anciens_arrondissements_de_Paris_avec_leurs_quartiers.svg/220px-Plan_des_anciens_arrondissements_de_Paris_avec_leurs_quartiers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Plan_des_anciens_arrondissements_de_Paris_avec_leurs_quartiers.svg/330px-Plan_des_anciens_arrondissements_de_Paris_avec_leurs_quartiers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Plan_des_anciens_arrondissements_de_Paris_avec_leurs_quartiers.svg/440px-Plan_des_anciens_arrondissements_de_Paris_avec_leurs_quartiers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3039" data-file-height="2134" /></a><figcaption>Die Paryse <i>arrondissements</i> en hul <i>quartiers</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Die arrondissements word op hulle beurt elkeen onderverdeel in vier <i>quartiers</i> of stadsbuurte. Daar is dus altesaam tagtig stadsbuurte wat spiraalvormig gerangskik is. Dié spiraal loop vanaf die Louvre, die 1ste Arrondissement, kloksgewys twee keer rondom die historiese middestad van die Île de la Cité tot by die 20ste Arrondissement by die Place de la Nation. Ook die <a href="/wiki/Poskode" title="Poskode">poskode</a> – in Frankryk 'n reeks van vyf syfers – dui aan in watter arrondissement 'n posadres geleë is. Die eerste twee syfers (75) dui die département aan (Parys), die laaste twee die arrondissement. </p><p>Die name van tradisionele stadsbuurte is afgelei van vroeëre dorpe wat gaandeweg by Parys ingesluit is namate die stadsgebied uitgebrei het, soos byvoorbeeld La Villette, Belleville en Chaillot, van kerke soos <a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-des-Pr%C3%A9s" title="Saint-Germain-des-Prés">Saint-Germain-des-Prés</a>, van historiese of belangrike geboue soos Les Halles en Opéra of van historiese besonderhede soos die <a href="/wiki/Quartier_Latin" title="Quartier Latin">Quartier Latin</a>. <i>Faubourgs</i> – histories buurte wat buite koning Lodewyk XIII se stadsmuur geleë was – is tans voorstede wat meestal na die mees nabygeleë vroeëre nedersetting vernoem is. So was Montmartre byvoorbeeld die voorstad wat in rigting van die gelyknamige dorp geleë was.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die stadsraad van Parys, die <i>Conseil de Paris</i> met 163 lede, word deur Paryse stemgeregtigdes vir 'n termyn van ses jaar verkies. Die stadsraad benoem nie net die burgemeester (<i>Maire</i>) nie, maar vorm tegelykertyd as <i>Conseil Général</i> (Algemene Raad) die wetgewende liggaam van Parys as département. In 2014 is die Sosialistiese Party se kandidaat, Anne Hidalgo, vir 'n ampstermyn van ses jaar as burgemeesteres verkies. </p><p>Die prefek (<i>Préfet de Paris</i>) as administratiewe hoof van die département word deur die Franse regering benoem. Tans beklee Daniel Canepa dié pos. Canepa dien gelyktydig as prefek van die administratiewe gewes Île-de-France en as voorsitter van die administratiewe gewestelike raad (<i>Conseil Régional</i>). Die Paryse polisiediens word deur 'n polisieprefek bestuur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiese_ontwikkeling">Historiese ontwikkeling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Historiese ontwikkeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Historiese ontwikkeling"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hotel_de_Ville_Paris_Hoffbauer_1583.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hotel_de_Ville_Paris_Hoffbauer_1583.jpg/220px-Hotel_de_Ville_Paris_Hoffbauer_1583.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hotel_de_Ville_Paris_Hoffbauer_1583.jpg/330px-Hotel_de_Ville_Paris_Hoffbauer_1583.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hotel_de_Ville_Paris_Hoffbauer_1583.jpg/440px-Hotel_de_Ville_Paris_Hoffbauer_1583.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2501" data-file-height="1556" /></a><figcaption>Hôtel de Ville in 1583</figcaption></figure> <p>Water het 'n sentrale rol by die ontwikkeling van Parys se stedelike administrasie gespeel aangesien dit histories teruggevoer kan word na die invloedryke gilde van "Koopliede te water" wat in die middeleeue alle handelsaktiwiteite op die Seine en sy syriviere beheer het. Teen die middel van die 13de eeu het koning Lodewyk die Heilige leidende lede van dié vereniging as stadsregering benoem. Hierdie <i>échevins</i> of raadslede het onder leiding van 'n <i>prévos des marchands</i> (provoos van handelaars) vergader wat die bevoegdhede van 'n burgemeester uitgeoefen het. Die koopmansgilde se embleem – 'n boot – maak steeds deel uit van Parys se stadswapen.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1357 is die setel van die stadsregering op inisiatief van Étienne Marcel, die destydse provoos van handelaars, na die <i>Maison des Piliers</i>, 'n 14de eeuse gebou op die <i>Place de la Grève</i> ("Sandoewerplein") verskuif. Die ou raadsaal is in die 16de eeu afgebreek en deur 'n nuwe gebou in die <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>-styl vervang. Hier is op 4 September 1870 die Derde Franse Republiek geproklameer. Een jaar later is die raadsaal gedurende die Paryse Commune-opstand deur 'n brand vernietig nadat die opstandelinge dit as hul hoofkwartier gebruik het. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hotel_de_Ville_Paris_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Hotel_de_Ville_Paris_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg/320px-Hotel_de_Ville_Paris_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Hotel_de_Ville_Paris_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg/480px-Hotel_de_Ville_Paris_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Hotel_de_Ville_Paris_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg/640px-Hotel_de_Ville_Paris_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8412" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Nagaansig van die Hôtel de Ville</figcaption></figure> <p>Die derde en huidige raadsaal (<i>Hôtel de Ville</i>) is deur die argitekte Théodore Ballu (1817–1885) en Édouard Deperthes (1833–1898) volgens die Neorenaissancestyl met enkele Gotiese elemente ontwerp en tussen 1874 en 1882 gebou. Die fasade is met 'n groot horlosie en 146 standbeelde van bekende persoonlikhede soos wetenskaplikes, skrywers en kunstenaars versier. </p><p>Die plein voor die raadsaal het deur die eeue verskeie kere in die brandpunt van politieke gebeure gestaan. In die middeleeue was die plein aan die Seine-oewer die oudste ankerplek en bakermat van die stad Parys. Hier is die belangrikste in- en uitvoergoedere gehanteer. Hier is groot feeste gehou, maar ook teregstellings het hier plaasgevind. Gedurende die Franse Rewolusie het die plein in die skadu van die <a href="/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine">guillotine</a> gestaan en is koning Lodewyk IV hier gedwing om die <a href="/wiki/Vlag_van_Frankryk" title="Vlag van Frankryk">Franse driekleurvlag</a> (<i>tricolore</i>) te soen. Die raadsaal het vir die rewolusionêres <a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton" title="Georges Danton">Danton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Marat</a> en Robespierre as hoofkwartier tydens hul Skrikbewind gedien. </p><p>Weens die groot aantal werkers, wat gedurende stakings en betogings op die <i>Place de la Grève</i> vergader het, het idiome soos <i>faire (la) grève</i> en <i>être en gréve</i> ("staak") ingang tot Frans gevind. Op 19 Maart 1803 is die plein se naam gewysig na <i>Place de l'Hôtel-de-Ville</i> ("Raadhuisplein"). In 1982 is motors van die plein verban. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parys_as_regeringsetel">Parys as regeringsetel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Parys as regeringsetel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Parys as regeringsetel"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Palais_de_l%27%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Palais_de_l%27%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_2012.JPG/220px-Palais_de_l%27%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Palais_de_l%27%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_2012.JPG/330px-Palais_de_l%27%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Palais_de_l%27%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_2012.JPG/440px-Palais_de_l%27%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Hoofingang tot die <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e-paleis" title="Élysée-paleis">Palais de l'Élysée</a>, die ampswoning van die Franse president</figcaption></figure> <p>Parys is die hoofstad van die Franse Republiek, setel van die staatspresident, die regering en die twee kamers van die Franse parlement – die Nasionale Vergadering as laer- en die Senaat as hoërhuis. Ondanks alle pogings om politieke, administratiewe en ekonomiese verantwoordelikhede na die provinsiale sentra te verskuif, word die meeste belangrike politieke en ekonomiese besluite steeds in Parys geneem. </p><p>Die feit dat 'n vyfde van die Franse bevolking in die metropolitaanse gebied van Parys saamgetrek is en byna dertig persent van die land se bruto binnelandse produk hier gegenereer word, verleen 'n enorme gewig aan die hoofstad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Métropole_du_Grand_Paris"><span id="M.C3.A9tropole_du_Grand_Paris"></span>Métropole du Grand Paris</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Métropole du Grand Paris" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Métropole du Grand Paris"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op 1 Januarie 2016 is die sogenaamde <i>Métropole du Grand Paris</i> gevorm, 'n samesluiting van die Stad Parys en 130 munisipaliteite in die omliggende départements Essonne, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, Val-de-Marne en Val-d'Oise, wat die ekonomiese, kulturele, opvoedkundige, sosiale en ekologiese ontwikkeling van Groter Parys, 'n gebied met 'n oppervlakte van 814 km<sup>2</sup> en 'n bevolking van sewe miljoen, koördineer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomie">Ekonomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Channel_headquarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Channel_headquarters.jpg/220px-Channel_headquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Channel_headquarters.jpg/330px-Channel_headquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Channel_headquarters.jpg/440px-Channel_headquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="1128" /></a><figcaption>'n Chanel-winkel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_12.jpg/220px-Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_12.jpg/330px-Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_12.jpg/440px-Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2408" data-file-height="3116" /></a><figcaption>Die katedraal Notre-Dame</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sainte-Chapelle-Rose-window.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sainte-Chapelle-Rose-window.jpg/220px-Sainte-Chapelle-Rose-window.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sainte-Chapelle-Rose-window.jpg/330px-Sainte-Chapelle-Rose-window.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sainte-Chapelle-Rose-window.jpg/440px-Sainte-Chapelle-Rose-window.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="1083" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roosvenster" title="Roosvenster">Roosvenster</a> van die Sainte-Chapelle</figcaption></figure> <p>Parys is die vernaamste ekonomiese sentrum van Frankryk, wat met sy reusagtige afsetgebied nog steeds aantreklik is vir die vervaardigers van verbruikersgoedere. Meer as 'n kwart van alle Franse nywerhede het hulle hoofkwartiere in die metropolitaanse gebied van Parys, en altesaam 593 000 ondernemings is in die hoofstadgewes Île-de-France gesetel. Tans is die <a href="/wiki/Farmaseutiese_middel" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmaseutiese middel">farmaseutiese</a> nywerheid, die telekommunikasiebedryf, die uitgewersbedryf en navorsing die suksesvolste sektore van die Paryse ekonomie. Ten opsigte van navorsing en ontwikkeling het Parys nou die belangrikste stad in Europa geword, en vyf van die twaalf grootste banke het hulle hoofkwartiere in die stad, net soos talle versekeringsmaatskappye en 'n groot aantal ondernemings uit die mediabedryf. Parys is tradisioneel die sentrum van die Franse uitgewers- en <a href="/wiki/Drukkerswese" title="Drukkerswese">drukkerybedryf</a>. </p><p>Die stad staan tradisioneel bekend vir sy groot verskeidenheid luukse artikels, wat van haute couture-mode en juweliersware tot <a href="/wiki/Reukwater" title="Reukwater">reukwater</a> en skoonheidspreparate strek. Ander belangrike nywerhede vervaardig chemiese produkte, elektroniese toerusting, motors en masjiene. </p><p>Die meeste ondernemings van die Franse dienstesektor, veral finansiële instellings soos banke, opereer eweneens vanuit die hoofstad. Die finansiële sektor met die <a href="/wiki/Multinasionaal" class="mw-redirect" title="Multinasionaal">multinasionale</a> banke <a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas" title="BNP Paribas">BNP Paribas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Société Générale">Société Générale</a> en <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Agricole" title="Crédit Agricole">Crédit Agricole</a> bied tans werksgeleenthede aan sowat 270 000 mense. </p><p>Sy rol as een van die belangrikste handelsmetropole in Europa verseker ook dat groot multinasionale ondernemings soos <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> France, <a href="/wiki/Siemens" class="mw-disambig" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> en Motorola hulle Franse hoofkwartiere hier het. 38 multinasionale ondernemings het hulle internasionale hoofkwartier in die stad. Parys is ook die setel van die Europese beurs Euronext. </p><p>Parys trek as een van die gastronomiese hoofstede van die wêreld voordeel uit sy ligging in die hart van een van die vrugbaarste landboustreke in Europa. Landbou vorm dan ook eeue lank die ekonomiese basis van die omgewing en verskaf die voedsel vir 'n vinnig groeiende bevolking. </p><p>Ondanks die feit dat Parys een van die welvarendste gebiede in die <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a> is, bly die <a href="/wiki/Werkloosheid" title="Werkloosheid">werkloosheidsyfer</a> met sowat tien persent (7,5 persent in die metropolitaanse gebied) steeds sorgwekkend. Na raming is daar meer as 50 000 dakloses wat skuiling in die metrostasies en ander plekke moet vind. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parys_se_posisie_in_die_globale_ekonomie">Parys se posisie in die globale ekonomie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Parys se posisie in die globale ekonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Parys se posisie in die globale ekonomie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Rue_Steinkerque_Paris_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Rue_Steinkerque_Paris_2.jpg/220px-Rue_Steinkerque_Paris_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Rue_Steinkerque_Paris_2.jpg/330px-Rue_Steinkerque_Paris_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Rue_Steinkerque_Paris_2.jpg/440px-Rue_Steinkerque_Paris_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>'n Vloedgolf van toeriste sak daagliks op Parys toe: die gewoel van Montmartre in Rue de Steinkerque</figcaption></figure> <p>Parys en sy onmiddellike omgewing, die Île-de-France, behoort met 'n bruto geografiese produk (BGP) van €449 miljard (VSA-$507 miljard) in die jaar 2003 tot die enjins van die wêreldekonomie en sou as 'n onafhanklike staat as die vyftiende grootste ekonomie ter wêreld gelys word. </p><p>Met slegs 18,7 persent van Frankryk en 2,5 persent van die Europese Unie se totale bevolking genereer die hoofstad en sy omgewing naastenby dertig persent van Frankryk en 4,5 persent van die Europese Unie se BGP. In <a href="/wiki/Noord-Amerika" title="Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> is daar net twee metropolitaanse gebiede met 'n groter BGP as Parys, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stad" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Stad">New York Stad</a> en <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, terwyl in <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a> slegs <a href="/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio">Tokio</a> en <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a> meer dienste en goedere produseer as die Franse hoofstadgewes Île-de-France. </p><p>In teenstelling met wêreldstede soos Londen en New York, wat hulle in die wêreldekonomie op die verskaffing van finansiële dienste gespesialiseer het, beskik Parys nog oor 'n relatief sterk nywerheidsbasis. Met sy 650 000 werknemers is die Paryse nywerhede die belangrikste in Frankryk, nog voor die gebied <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Rhône-Alpes">Rhône-Alpes</a> met sy metropool <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>. </p><p>Desondanks bly die verskaffing van dienste met toegevoegde waarde die belangrikste groeisektor van die Paryse ekonomie. Ten spyte van Frankryk en Parys se gewildheid as die vernaamste toeristebestemmings ter wêreld verskaf die <a href="/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme">toerismebedryf</a> minder as vier persent van die werksgeleenthede. </p><p>Parys is een van die gewildste reisbestemmings op aarde, met 40 miljoen besoekers in 2018. Daarnaas is dit 'n belangrike gasheerstad vir internasionale konferensies met jaarliks meer as 1 000 byeenkomste, waarvan 300 internasionale vergaderings en 300 handelskoue is. Sakereise verskaf 'n jaarlikse inkomste van 3,5 miljard Euro aan die stad, terwyl die <a href="/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme">toerismebedryf</a> meer as 9,9 miljard Euro per jaar verdien. Massatoerisme plaas nogtans toenemende druk op die stad se infrastruktuur. So is die stadsregering volgens nuusberigte van plan om toeristebusse uit die historiese middestad te verban. Besoekers en toeraanbieders word aangeraai om gebruik te maak van omgewingsvriendelike alternatiewe soos openbare vervoer, fietse of verkenning te voet.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Besienswaardighede">Besienswaardighede</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Wysig afdeling: Besienswaardighede" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Besienswaardighede"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg/220px-Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg/330px-Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg/440px-Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption>Die Eiffeltoring teen sonop</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Panth%C3%A9on.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Panth%C3%A9on.jpg/220px-Panth%C3%A9on.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Panth%C3%A9on.jpg/330px-Panth%C3%A9on.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Panth%C3%A9on.jpg/440px-Panth%C3%A9on.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="994" /></a><figcaption>Die Panthéon</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pont_Notre-Dame,_Paris,_France_April_21,_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Pont_Notre-Dame%2C_Paris%2C_France_April_21%2C_2011.jpg/220px-Pont_Notre-Dame%2C_Paris%2C_France_April_21%2C_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Pont_Notre-Dame%2C_Paris%2C_France_April_21%2C_2011.jpg/330px-Pont_Notre-Dame%2C_Paris%2C_France_April_21%2C_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Pont_Notre-Dame%2C_Paris%2C_France_April_21%2C_2011.jpg/440px-Pont_Notre-Dame%2C_Paris%2C_France_April_21%2C_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2222" data-file-height="3333" /></a><figcaption>Pont-Notre Dame (Notre Dame-brug)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Die <b>Arc de Triomphe</b> is 'n reusagtige triomfboog in die neoklassieke styl. Keiser <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoléon Bonaparte">Napoléon I</a> begin die bouwerk in 1806. Die boog, wat veertien jaar later voltooi is, verrys nou bo die twaalf strate wat straalvormig van die Place de l'Étoile uitgaan. Sedert 1920 huisves die boog die <a href="/wiki/Graf_van_die_Onbekende_Soldaat" title="Graf van die Onbekende Soldaat">Graf van die Onbekende Soldaat</a>. Ter nagedagtenis van alle gesneuwelde Franse soldate brand hier 'n ewige vlam.</li> <li>Die <b><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-katedraal" title="Notre-Dame-katedraal">Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris</a></b> is in 1163 deur die destydse biskop Maurice de Sully begin en eers in 1345 voltooi. Die katedraal verteenwoordig twee eeue van gotiese boukuns.</li> <li>Die <b>Conciergerie</b> is 'n reusagtige gebou aan die oewer van die Seine, wat eers as koningspaleis van die Capet-dinastie en later, tydens die Franse Rewolusie, as kerker gedien het. Die gevangenes wat hier aangehou is sluit prominentes soos Marie-Antoinette, Danton, Robespierre en André Chenier in. Die gebou, wat vandag 'n deel van die Paleis van Justisie is, beskik oor vier torings en drie sale in die gotiese styl.</li> <li>Die <b><a href="/wiki/Eiffeltoring" title="Eiffeltoring">Eiffeltoring</a></b> aan die noordwestelike kant van die <a href="/wiki/Champ-de-Mars_(Parys)" title="Champ-de-Mars (Parys)">Champ-de-Mars</a> is die bekendste baken van die Franse hoofstad, Parys. Die toring wat van <a href="/wiki/Staal" title="Staal">staal</a> gemaak is, is deur die Franse ingenieur <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Gustave_Eiffel" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Gustave Eiffel">Alexandre Gustave Eiffel</a> (1832–1923) beplan en vir die <a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldtentoonstelling" title="Wêreldtentoonstelling">Wêreldtentoonstelling</a> en die eeufees van die Franse Rewolusie in 1889 gebou. Die toring is 300,5 meter hoog (met sy antenne 320,8 meter) en dien vandag as uitkykpunt en uitsaaitoring. Daar is hysbakke na die uitkykplekke wat 'n voortreflike uitsig oor die stad bied, en in goeie weersomstandighede kan 'n mens sowat 70 kilometer ver sien. Waagmoediges kan met die 1 652 trappies op na die boonste platform stap. Die toring huisves 'n poskantoor, 'n rolprentteater wat met sy films die geskiedenis van die Eiffeltoring behandel, en op die tweede verdieping, die bekende <i>Jules Verne</i> <a href="/wiki/Restourant" class="mw-redirect" title="Restourant">restourant</a>. Dit is so gewild dat besprekings weke vooraf gemaak moet word.</li> <li>Die <b><a href="/wiki/Arche_de_la_D%C3%A9fense" title="Arche de la Défense">Grande Arche de la Défense</a></b> is 'n soort moderne weergawe van die Paryse Triomfboog (<i><a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a></i>). Die reusagtige, hoekige boog wat sowat 110 m hoog is, lê op die as van die Champs-Élysées. Die boog is met Italiaanse Carraramarmer en glas beklee en bied 'n asemrowende uitsig oor die stad. Die Roete van Hedendaagse Kuns met sowat 60 beeldhouwerke maak van <a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9fense" title="La Défense">La Défense</a> – die grootste en modernste sakesentrum van Europa – 'n soort opelugmuseum.</li> <li>Die <b>Hôtel National des Invalides</b> / <b>Tombeau de Napoléon</b> is in 1670 deur koning Lodewyk XIV (Louis XIV) vir die invalides opgerig. In die pragtige goue koepel word keiser Napoléon se as bewaar. Die gebou huisves ook die groot oorlogsmuseum <b>Musée de l'Armée</b> met 300 000 historiese voorwerpe.</li> <li>Die indrukwekkende moderne gebou van die <b>Opéra National de Paris-Bastille</b> verrys op die Place de la <a href="/wiki/Bastille" title="Bastille">Bastille</a>. Die operateater, wat deur die bekende argitek Carlos Ott ontwerp en in 1989 ingewy is, beskik oor 2 700 sitplekke.</li> <li>Die <b>Opéra National de Paris-Garnier</b> is deur die argitek Garnier in die ryk versierde styl van Napoléon III ontwerp. Die Italiaanse Saal beskik oor uitstekende akoestiese eienskappe; <a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Marc Chagall</a> het die pragtige skildery aan die plafon geskep.</li> <li>Die <b>Panthéon</b> is 'n indrukwekkende kerk wat in 1758 deur die argitek Jacques-Germain Soufflot (1713–1780) opgerig is. Dit verrys bo die stadswyk <a href="/wiki/Quartier_Latin" title="Quartier Latin">Quartier Latin</a> op die hoogtes van die Montagne Sainte-Geneviève. In 1791 neem die <i>Assemblée Nationale</i> die besluit om van die Panthéon die begraafplaas van die groot persoonlikhede van Frankryk te maak.</li> <li><b>Sainte-Chapelle</b> is 'n kunsvolle gebou wat in 1246 deur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodewyk_die_Heilige&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodewyk die Heilige (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lodewyk die Heilige</a> opgerig is om die lydensrelikwieë te bewaar. Die glasvensters uit die 13de eeu maak 'n groot deel van die mure uit.</li> <li>Die <b>Jardin du Luxembourg</b> in die Quartier Latin (6de <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement" title="Arrondissement">arrondissement</a>) vorm die pragtige omgewing van die <b>Palais du Luxembourg</b>. Die paleis is tussen 1615 en 1627 deur die argitek Salomon de Brosse in die Florentynse styl opgerig. Vandag is dit die setel van die Franse Senaat. Die park met sy pragtige paaie, bome en poele is 'n gewilde ontspanningsplek vir die Parysenaars. Die talle standbeelde van Franse konings en koninginne maak van die park ook 'n historiese buitelugmuseum.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bekende_stadswyke">Bekende stadswyke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Wysig afdeling: Bekende stadswyke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Bekende stadswyke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Panorama_Paris_December_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Panorama_Paris_December_2007.jpg/220px-Panorama_Paris_December_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Panorama_Paris_December_2007.jpg/330px-Panorama_Paris_December_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Panorama_Paris_December_2007.jpg/440px-Panorama_Paris_December_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2161" data-file-height="1463" /></a><figcaption>Uitsig oor La Défense met die Eiffeltoring in die voorgrond</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9fense" title="La Défense">La Défense</a> in die weste van Parys is die grootste en belangrikste sentrale besigheidsdistrik van Europa. Dit dien as 'n gekombineerde woonbuurt en sakesentrum wat die hoofkwartiere van die belangrikste internasionale maatskappye huisves. Die stadswyk is 'n reusagtige wandellaan, terwyl die parkeerplekke, stasies, buslane en ander geriewe ondergronds aangelê is. Die futuristiese karakter van hierdie wolkekrabberbuurt word deur die reusagtige <b>Grande Arche</b> beklemtoon.</li> <li><b>Faubourg Saint-Honoré</b> is die hoofkwartier van die crème-de-la-crème van die internasionale modeontwerpers – rondom die kerk La Madeleine is name soos <a href="/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s_International" title="Hermès International">Hermès</a>, Yves Saint-Laurent, Dior en Versace ou bekendes.</li> <li><b>La Place de la Concorde, Champs-Élysées</b>: Aan die einde van een van die mooiste lanings ter wêreld lê die grootste plein van Parys: La Place de la Concorde. Sedert 1836 staan hier 'n obelisk uit die Egiptiese stad <a href="/wiki/Luxor" title="Luxor">Luxor</a>.</li> <li><b>Quartier du Marais, place des Vosges</b>: Tydens die 17de eeu is die Quartier Marais die gewildste woonbuurt van die Paryse adel wat hier sy stadspaleise oprig. Vandag huisves die stadswyk talle kroeë en boetieke. Die Place des Vosges bekoor met sy harmoniese huisfasades.</li> <li><b>Quartier Montmartre, place du Tertre</b>: Tot die 19de eeu bly die Quartier Montmartre 'n klein dorpie. Na sy inlywing by die stad Parys word dit die gewildste ontmoetingsplek vir die Paryse kunstenaars en intellektueles. Vandag lok dit baie toeriste.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Museums">Museums</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Wysig afdeling: Museums" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Museums"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Paris_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay_Grande_nef_centrale_02a_All%C3%A9e_des_sculptures.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Paris_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay_Grande_nef_centrale_02a_All%C3%A9e_des_sculptures.jpg/220px-Paris_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay_Grande_nef_centrale_02a_All%C3%A9e_des_sculptures.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Paris_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay_Grande_nef_centrale_02a_All%C3%A9e_des_sculptures.jpg/330px-Paris_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay_Grande_nef_centrale_02a_All%C3%A9e_des_sculptures.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Paris_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay_Grande_nef_centrale_02a_All%C3%A9e_des_sculptures.jpg/440px-Paris_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay_Grande_nef_centrale_02a_All%C3%A9e_des_sculptures.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="1524" /></a><figcaption>Die Musée d'Orsay</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Mona_Lisa,_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci,_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg/220px-Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg/330px-Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg/440px-Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7479" data-file-height="11146" /></a><figcaption>Leonardo da Vinci se Mona Lisa – een van die Paryse Louvre-museum se waardevolste skatte...</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:A_petit_crowd_to_see_the_dame.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/A_petit_crowd_to_see_the_dame.jpg/220px-A_petit_crowd_to_see_the_dame.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/A_petit_crowd_to_see_the_dame.jpg/330px-A_petit_crowd_to_see_the_dame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/A_petit_crowd_to_see_the_dame.jpg/440px-A_petit_crowd_to_see_the_dame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3794" data-file-height="2845" /></a><figcaption>...soos uit die getalle geesdriftige fototoeriste afgelei kan word</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Die <b>Centre National d'Art Moderne et de Culture Georges Pompidou</b> met sy hipermoderne argitektuur, wat deur die Italiaanse meesterargitek <a href="/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano">Renzo Piano</a> ontwerp is, is in een van Parys se oudste woonbuurte en lok miljoene in- en uitheemse besoekers. Dit stel die kuns van die 20ste eeu ten toon en beskik oor een van die omvattendste versamelings. 'n Verskeidenheid uitstallings, konserte en rolprentvertonings is deel van die konsep.</li> <li>Die <b>Institut du Monde Arabe</b> is in 1980 gestig om die verwisseling van gedagtes tussen die Westerse en die Islamitiese beskawings te bevorder. In die gebou met sy kenmerkende fasades van glas en staal is 'n museum en 'n ouditorium ingerig. Die instituut bied ook gereeld uitstallings aan. Die restourant op die boonste verdieping bied 'n pragtige uitsig oor die stad.</li> <li>Die <b>Musée du Louvre</b> is 'n voormalige koningspaleis wat nou een van die rykste museums wêreldwyd huisves. Die reusagtige glaspiramide in die binnehof is deur die Chinees-Amerikaanse argitek Ieoh Ming Pei ontwerp.</li> <li>Die <b>Pavillon de Marsan</b>, in die noordelike vleuel van die <b>Louvre</b>, huisves twee museums: Die <b>Musée des Arts Décoratifs</b> en die <b>Musée des Arts de la Mode</b>. Meubels, sierade, tapyte, klere en ander voorwerpe uit die verlede word hier vertoon.</li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" title="Musée d'Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a> is 'n voormalige stasiegebou – die <b>Gare d'Orsay</b> – wat nou een van die grootste en belangrikste museums van Parys huisves. Sy versamelings stel die kuns van die jare 1848 tot 1914 ten toon en word deur wisselende uitstallings aangevul.</li> <li>'n Voormalige herehuis uit die 17de eeu, die <b>Hôtel Salé</b>, huisves die <b>Musée Picasso</b>. Die naam van die herehuis verwys na sy oorspronklike eienaar, Pierre Aubert, Seigneur de Fontenay, wat verantwoordelik is vir die belasting op sout, die sogenaamde <i>gabelle</i>. Die herehuis word in die jare 1656 tot 1659 deur die argitek Jean de Bouiller in die tipiese boustyl van die stadswyk Marais opgerig. Die huis word in 1964 deur die stad Parys gekoop, en in die jaar 1974 word die besluit geneem om die Picasso-museum in die Hôtel te huisves. Die museum word in 1985 geopen. Meer as 200 skilderye, 150 beeldhouwerke, 3 000 tekeninge en prente van <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> kan hier bewonder word.</li> <li>Die <b>Musée Rodin</b> in die Hôtel Biron, 'n meesterlike voorbeeld van die Rocaille-boustyl en voormalige stadspaleis uit die 19de eeu, vertoon die grootste kunswerke van die beroemde beeldhouer soos <i>Les Bourgeois de Calais</i>, <i>La Porte de l'Enfer</i>, <i>Le Penseur</i> en <i>Balzac</i>.</li> <li>Die <b>Museum vir Natuurgeskiedenis – Grande Galerie de l'Évolution</b> beskik oor aansienlike versamelings fossiele en diergeraamtes, halfedelgesteentes (die grootste van sy soort wêreldwyd), reusagtige kristalle en meteoriete.</li> <li>Die <b>Stad van die Wetenskap en die Nywerheid van La Villette (Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie de la Villette)</b> bied 'n reeks permanente en wisselende uitstallings, mediateke, 'n planetarium, die Géode met sy hipermoderne rolprentteater en 'n <a href="/wiki/Duikboot" title="Duikboot">duikboot</a> wat nou as museum dien. Die omliggende park van 55 ha huisves 'n aantal kulturele instellings soos die Stad van die Musiek (Cité de la Musique).</li> <li>Die <b>Musée Carnavalet</b> in die historiese Hôtel Carnavalet behandel die geskiedenis van Parys van die prehistoriese tydperk tot by die 18de eeu. Hier word die ou sleutels van die <a href="/wiki/Bastille" title="Bastille">Bastille</a>, die Verklaring van Menseregte uit die jaar 1789 en ander voorwerpe en dokumente bewaar.</li> <li>Die <b>Musée du Quai Branly</b> behandel die etniese kuns en kultuur van Afrika, Oseanië en Amerika. Die museum met 'n oppervlak van 39 000 vierkante meter, wat deur die argitek Jean Nouvel ontwerp is, is naby die Eiffeltoring geleë en op 20 Junie 2006 deur die Staatspresident <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> ingewy. Sy kunswerke kom oorspronklik uit die Musée de l'Homme en die Musée national d'Arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie; ander objekte is aangekoop of skenkings.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vermaak">Vermaak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Wysig afdeling: Vermaak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Vermaak"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Die <i>Grand Rex</i>, opgerig in 1931, is die grootste rolprentteater in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> met 2 650 sitplekke, ontwerp in die <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco-styl</a> en geleë op boulevard Poissonnière.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Winkelhoofstad">Winkelhoofstad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Wysig afdeling: Winkelhoofstad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Winkelhoofstad"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:GrandRexFacade_90ans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GrandRexFacade_90ans.jpg/220px-GrandRexFacade_90ans.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GrandRexFacade_90ans.jpg/330px-GrandRexFacade_90ans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GrandRexFacade_90ans.jpg/440px-GrandRexFacade_90ans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2668" /></a><figcaption>Die Grand Rex-rolprentteater, een van Parys se Art Deco-juwele</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Galerie_Lafayette_Haussmann_Dome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Galerie_Lafayette_Haussmann_Dome.jpg/220px-Galerie_Lafayette_Haussmann_Dome.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Galerie_Lafayette_Haussmann_Dome.jpg/330px-Galerie_Lafayette_Haussmann_Dome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Galerie_Lafayette_Haussmann_Dome.jpg/440px-Galerie_Lafayette_Haussmann_Dome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5678" data-file-height="7044" /></a><figcaption>Kerstyd in die Groot Koepelsaal van die afdelingswinkel Galeries Lafayette</figcaption></figure> <p>Sestig persent van jaarliks meer as dertig miljoen toeriste, wat 'n besoek aan die Frane hoofstad bring, noem inkopiebesoeke as die hoofrede vir hul reis.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Met sowat 62 000 winkels – waarvan sowat 5 500 binne die prêt-à-porter-segment val – maak Parys daarop aanspraak om Europa se hoofstad van handel, mode en kreatiwiteit te wees. </p><p>Die groot <a href="/wiki/Afdelingswinkel" title="Afdelingswinkel">afdelingswinkels</a> van Parys is tydens die 19de eeu gestig – die oudste van hulle is <i>Le Bon Marché</i> – en bied 'n oordaad van artikels vir elke smaak. Die indrukwekkendstes is <i>Les Galeries Lafayette</i> en <i>Le Printemps</i> met sy opvallende koepel op die Boulevard Haussmann. <i>Le Bon Marché</i> en <i>La Samaritaine</i> bekoor bowendien deur hulle argitektuur. <i>Tati</i> bied die laagste pryse. Die internasionale winkelsentrum <i>Val d'Europe</i> is 'n voorbeeld van 'n hipermoderne inkopiesentrum. </p><p>Parys beskik daarnaas oor 'n aantal passages (winkelsentra met 'n oordekte wandellaan as middelpunt) wat as die voorlopers van moderne afdelingswinkels beskou word. Tydens hul bloeityd in die 19de eeu was daar 'n honderdtal passages in die Franse hoofstad, en by drie van hulle wat vandag nog bestaan moet die toeris 'n besoek aflê. Die <i>Passage Jouffroy</i> huisves die wasbeeldemuseum <i>Musée Grévin</i>, terwyl die elegante neoklassisistiese <i>Galerie Vivienne</i> met sy spieëldekorasies en skilderye in die Pompejaanse styl onder meer 'n winkel van die bekende mode-ontwerper Jean-Paul Gaultier huisves. Die <i>Passage des Panoramas</i> is die oudste in Parys. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastruktuur">Infrastruktuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Wysig afdeling: Infrastruktuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Infrastruktuur"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Straatname">Straatname</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Wysig afdeling: Straatname" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Straatname"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Plaque_place_Reine_Astrid_Paris_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Plaque_place_Reine_Astrid_Paris_2.jpg/220px-Plaque_place_Reine_Astrid_Paris_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Plaque_place_Reine_Astrid_Paris_2.jpg/330px-Plaque_place_Reine_Astrid_Paris_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Plaque_place_Reine_Astrid_Paris_2.jpg/440px-Plaque_place_Reine_Astrid_Paris_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Parys se befaamde blou emaljeborde wat straatname (en dikwels bykomende inligting) aandui</figcaption></figure> <p>Eeue lank was Parys vir besoekers 'n doolhof met nou en vuil straatjies wat geen name gedra het nie en huise wat nie genommer was nie. In die 15de eeu is daarmee begin om winkels met betreklik groot metaalborde te merk wat aan metaalstange opgehang is. Teen die middel van die 18de eeu is winkels van kleiner plakkette voorsien wat oor hul deure of teen hul fasades aangebring is en waarvan historiese voorbeelde in die <i>Musée Carnavelet</i> besigtig kan word. </p><p>Straatname, soos hulle vandag bekend is, het eers vanaf 1728 verpligtend geword – aanvanklik net vir straatkruisings, maar kort voor lank is borde met straatname dwarsoor die stadsgebied aangebring. Parys se befaamde blou emaljeborde het hul verskyning in 1844 gemaak. In enkele historiese kwartiere soos <a href="/wiki/Le_Marais" title="Le Marais">Le Marais</a> is oor die blou borde nog die ou straatname te sien wat in die klip van huisfasades gebeitel is. Baie Paryse strate is verskeie kere hernoem. So is in die tyd van die Franse Rewolusie alle straatname met godsdienstige of monargistiese agtergrond verwyder. Die <i>Rue de Berlin</i> is om politieke redes ná die Eerste Wêreldoorlog hernoem tot <i>Rue de Liège</i>. Soms het ook plaaslike bewoners op naamwysigings aangedring – soos in die rooiligbuurt rondom die <i>Rue Poil-au-Coin</i> ('n straatnaam wat opsigself as aanstootlik ervaar is omdat dit as "Straat van die Harige Agterste" vertaal kan word), tans bekend as <i>Rue Pélicain</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lig_in_die_«Stad_van_Ligte»"><span id="Lig_in_die_.C2.ABStad_van_Ligte.C2.BB"></span>Lig in die «Stad van Ligte»</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Wysig afdeling: Lig in die «Stad van Ligte»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Lig in die «Stad van Ligte»"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1318 kon daar nog nouliks sprake wees van 'n "Stad van Ligte" nie – tenminste nie gemeet aan die aantal openbare lanterne. In totaal was daar drie – een voor die vesting <i>Grand Châtelet</i> (wat destyds as gevangenis gedien het), een by die Nesle-toring (geleë langs die Seine by die mees westelike punt van die stadsmuur vir die oriëntasie van skepe) en een by die begraafplaas <i>Cimetière des Innocents</i> – die "Lantern van oorledenes". </p><p>Hoe meer straatrowers en moordenaars die duisternis die duisternis hul skuilplek gemak het, hoe meer het 'n behoefte aan een of ander vorm van straatbeligting ontstaan. In die eerste helfte van die 16de eeu – tydens die regentskap van die konings Lodewyk XII, Frans I en Hendrik II – is Parysenaars verplig om tenminste een venster straatkant toe met 'n <a href="/wiki/Kers" title="Kers">kers</a> te verlig. Desondanks is elke nag 'n gemiddeld van vyftien mense op Paryse strate vermoor.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So is in 1662 'n mobiele beligtingstelsel ingevoer waarvoor nagwagters aangestel is om nagtelike voetpatrollies te hou. Waar moontlik, is Parysenaars op pad huis toe van wagters met fakkels of olielampe begelei. Vir hierdie diens moes betaal word na gelang van die brandstof wat verbruik is. </p><p>Koning Lodewyk XIV het tydens sy regentskap (tussen 1643 en 1715) sowat 3 000 straatlanterns laat installeer wat geleidelik deur olielampe vervang is. In 1837 was daar reeds 37 000 van hulle. 240 lampaanstekers is aangestel om die lampe binne 'n driekwart uur na sononder aan te steek. In die Restourasietydperk is met die installasie van gaslampe begin. In 1845 was daar reeds sowat 8 000 van hierdie lampe. Die eerste elektriese straatbeligting is in 1878 op die plein <i>Place de l'Opéra</i> geïnstalleer. </p><p>Die mees onlangse tegniese innovasie is <a href="/wiki/Halogeen" title="Halogeen">halogeenlampe</a> wat onder meer gebruik word om die beeldhouwerke en ander argitektoniese besonderhede en versierings van brûe kunsvol te belig. Die Eiffeltoring is 'n uitsondering – dit word nie volgens die tradisionele manier met vloedligte van buite belig nie, maar van binne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vervoer">Vervoer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Wysig afdeling: Vervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Vervoer"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Le_Ciel_de_Paris_restaurant,_Tour_Montparnasse,_Paris_20_May_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Le_Ciel_de_Paris_restaurant%2C_Tour_Montparnasse%2C_Paris_20_May_2014.jpg/220px-Le_Ciel_de_Paris_restaurant%2C_Tour_Montparnasse%2C_Paris_20_May_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Le_Ciel_de_Paris_restaurant%2C_Tour_Montparnasse%2C_Paris_20_May_2014.jpg/330px-Le_Ciel_de_Paris_restaurant%2C_Tour_Montparnasse%2C_Paris_20_May_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Le_Ciel_de_Paris_restaurant%2C_Tour_Montparnasse%2C_Paris_20_May_2014.jpg/440px-Le_Ciel_de_Paris_restaurant%2C_Tour_Montparnasse%2C_Paris_20_May_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3041" data-file-height="2211" /></a><figcaption><i>Le Ciel de Paris</i> – die "Hemel van Parys" – is 'n treffende naam vir 'n restaurant in die wolkekrabber <i><a href="/wiki/Tour_Montparnasse" title="Tour Montparnasse">Tour Montparnasse</a></i>, tans die tweede hoogste gebou in Frankryk</figcaption></figure> <p>Parys en die omliggende <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> beskik oor drie internasionale lughawens met jaarliks meer as 100 miljoen passasiers – <b><a href="/wiki/Roissy-Charles_de_Gaulle" class="mw-redirect" title="Roissy-Charles de Gaulle">Roissy-Charles de Gaulle</a></b> (sowat 25 km noord van Parys, met 61,6 miljoen passasiers in 2012), <b>Orly</b> (14 km suid van Parys, met 27,2 miljoen passasiers in 2012) en <b>Parys-Beauvais</b> (84 km noord van Parys naby Beauvais in <a href="/wiki/Pikardi%C3%AB" title="Pikardië">Pikardië</a>, met 3,9 miljoen passasiers in 2012). Die lughawe Charles de Gaulle is die derde grootste en Orly die negende grootste in Europa. </p><p>Die ses stasies van die Franse Spoorweë (Société nationale des Chemins de Fer Français, SNCF) is <b>Gare du Nord</b>, <b>Gare de l'Est</b>, <b>Gare de <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></b>, <b>Gare d'Austerlitz</b>, <b>Gare Montparnasse</b> en <b>Gare Saint-Lazare</b>. Openbare vervoerdienste word deur die RATP verskaf (Métro, busse, tramway en RER). Die stadstreine van die RER (Réseau Express Régional) beskik oor vyf linies wat tussen 5:30 en 0:30 uur ry. </p><p>Die Paryse Métropolitain is deur die ingenieur Fulgence Bienvenue ontwerp, maar dit is die kunstenaars wat die stasies tot kunswerke veral in die Art Déco-styl omskep. Vandag is daar nog sowat 90 van hierdie Art déco-pawiljoene. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Paryse_Metro" title="Paryse Metro">Métro</a> of Paryse moltrein, met veertien linies, sowat driehonderd stasies en 'n netwerk van sowat 200 kilometer, is die belangrikste openbare vervoermiddel met daagliks sowat vyf miljoen passasiers. Tegelykertyd is dit 'n soort Parys in 'n neutedop. In spitstye wemel dit van duisende beroepsmense, maar vir die grootste deel van die dag is dit die wêreld van die dakloses (<b>les clochards</b> of <b>les sans-abri</b>), die musikante en kleinhandelaars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Wysig afdeling: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Sport"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Germany_vs_Poland_0-0_(27103531294)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Germany_vs_Poland_0-0_%2827103531294%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Germany_vs_Poland_0-0_%2827103531294%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Germany_vs_Poland_0-0_%2827103531294%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Germany_vs_Poland_0-0_%2827103531294%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Germany_vs_Poland_0-0_%2827103531294%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Germany_vs_Poland_0-0_%2827103531294%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="1903" /></a><figcaption>Binnekant van die <a href="/wiki/Stade_de_France" title="Stade de France">Stade de France</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis</a>, net noord van Parys</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Paris_Parc_des_Princes_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paris_Parc_des_Princes_1.jpg/220px-Paris_Parc_des_Princes_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paris_Parc_des_Princes_1.jpg/330px-Paris_Parc_des_Princes_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paris_Parc_des_Princes_1.jpg/440px-Paris_Parc_des_Princes_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1055" /></a><figcaption>Binnekant van <a href="/wiki/Parc_des_Princes" title="Parc des Princes">Parc des Princes</a> in Parys</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Roland_Garros_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Roland_Garros_02.JPG/220px-Roland_Garros_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Roland_Garros_02.JPG/330px-Roland_Garros_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Roland_Garros_02.JPG/440px-Roland_Garros_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Die Roland Garros-stadion, waar jaarliks die <a href="/wiki/Franse_Ope" title="Franse Ope">Franse Ope</a> gehou word</figcaption></figure> <p>Parys is een van min stede wat reeds twee keer die <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele" title="Olimpiese Somerspele">Olimpiese Somerspele</a> aangebied het: <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_1900" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1900">1900</a> en <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_1924" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1924">1924</a>. Die komende <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_2024" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 2024">Olimpiese Somerspele 2024</a> sal weer in Parys gehou word, waarmee dit net ná Londen die tweede stad wêreldwyd sal word om drie Olimpiese Somerspele te huisves. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a>, die bekendste en belangrikste fietswedren ter wêreld, begin en eindig tradisioneel in Parys. Net tydens spesiale geleenthede begin of eindig dit elders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rugby">Rugby</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Wysig afdeling: Rugby" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Rugby"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Van Parys se bekende <a href="/wiki/Rugby" title="Rugby">rugbyspanne</a> sluit in Racing 92 en Stade Français. Internasionale wedstryde word op die <a href="/wiki/Stade_de_France" title="Stade de France">Stade de France</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis</a>, net noord van Parys, gespeel. Die eindstryd van die <a href="/wiki/Rugbyw%C3%AAreldbeker_2007" title="Rugbywêreldbeker 2007">Rugbywêreldbeker 2007</a> tussen die <a href="/wiki/Springbokke" title="Springbokke">Springbokke</a> van <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Engelse_nasionale_rugbyspan" title="Engelse nasionale rugbyspan">Engelse nasionale rugbyspan</a> is op 20 Oktober 2007 hier beslis, en deur die Springbokke met 15–6 gewen. Die <a href="/wiki/Rugbyw%C3%AAreldbeker_2023" title="Rugbywêreldbeker 2023">Rugbywêreldbeker 2023</a>-eindstryd, wat die Springbokke teen die <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Seeland" title="Nieu-Seeland">Nieu-Seelande</a> <a href="/wiki/All_Blacks" title="All Blacks">All Blacks</a> met 12–11 kon wen, is ook hier beslis, dié keer op 28 Oktober. Die Stade de France word tydens die <a href="/wiki/Sesnasies-toernooi" title="Sesnasies-toernooi">Sesnasies-toernooi</a> as <a href="/wiki/Franse_nasionale_rugbyspan" title="Franse nasionale rugbyspan">Frankryk</a> se tuisstadion ingespan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sokker">Sokker</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Wysig afdeling: Sokker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Sokker"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Paryse <a href="/wiki/Paris_Saint-Germain" title="Paris Saint-Germain">Paris Saint-Germain</a> is een van die <a href="/wiki/Ligue_1" title="Ligue 1">Ligue 1</a> se suksesvolste <a href="/wiki/Sokker" title="Sokker">sokkerspanne</a>. Hulle het die liga reeds nege keer gewen en agt keer as naaswenner geëindig. Hul tuisstadion is die <a href="/wiki/Parc_des_Princes" title="Parc des Princes">Parc des Princes</a>. Die <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Sokker-W%C3%AAreldbekertoernooi_in_1938" title="FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1938">FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1938</a> se eindstryd is op die Paryse Stade Olympique de Colombes gespeel, terwyl die eindstryd van beide die <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Sokker-W%C3%AAreldbekertoernooi_in_1998" title="FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1998">FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1998</a> en <a href="/wiki/Europese_Sokkerkampioenskap_2016" title="Europese Sokkerkampioenskap 2016">Europese Sokkerkampioenskap 2016</a> op die Stade de France gehou is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tennis">Tennis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Wysig afdeling: Tennis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Tennis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tussen middel-Mei en vroeg-Junie word vir twee weke een van die mees prestigeryke kampioenskappe in <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a> aangebied: Die <a href="/wiki/Franse_Ope" title="Franse Ope">Franse Ope</a>. Dit vorm saam met die <a href="/wiki/Australiese_Ope_(tennis)" title="Australiese Ope (tennis)">Australiese Ope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wimbledon-kampioenskap" title="Wimbledon-kampioenskap">Wimbledon-kampioenskap</a> en <a href="/wiki/VSA_Ope_(tennis)" class="mw-redirect" title="VSA Ope (tennis)">VSA Ope</a> die vier "<a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(tennis)" title="Grand Slam (tennis)">Grand Slam</a>"-toernooie van elke jaar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internasionale_verhoudings">Internasionale verhoudings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Wysig afdeling: Internasionale verhoudings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Internasionale verhoudings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Italiaanse hoofstad <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> is tans die enigste amptelike susterstad van Parys. Met ander metropole en stede is nogtans ooreenkomste oor samewerking en vriendskaplike verhoudinge onderteken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Susterstede">Susterstede</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Wysig afdeling: Susterstede" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Susterstede"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Italië"><img alt="Vlag van Italië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a>, sedert 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vennootskappe">Vennootskappe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Wysig afdeling: Vennootskappe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Vennootskappe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Vlag van Japan"><img alt="Vlag van Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kioto" title="Kioto">Kioto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, sedert 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Vlag van Japan"><img alt="Vlag van Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio">Tokio</a>, Japan, sedert 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Vlag van Egipte"><img alt="Vlag van Egipte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%AFro" title="Kaïro">Kaïro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>, sedert 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordani%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Jordanië"><img alt="Vlag van Jordanië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordani%C3%AB" title="Jordanië">Jordanië</a>, sedert 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Vlag van Jemen"><img alt="Vlag van Jemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a>, sedert 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Berlyn" title="Berlyn">Berlyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a>, sedert 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suid-Korea" title="Vlag van Suid-Korea"><img alt="Vlag van Suid-Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Seoel" title="Seoel">Seoel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suid-Korea" title="Suid-Korea">Suid-Korea</a>, sedert 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Vlag van Rusland"><img alt="Vlag van Rusland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou">Moskou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a>, sedert 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Vlag van Libanon"><img alt="Vlag van Libanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Beiroet" title="Beiroet">Beiroet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a>, sedert 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Indonesië"><img alt="Vlag van Indonesië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Djakarta" title="Djakarta">Djakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië">Indonesië</a>, sedert 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a>, sedert 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Vlag van Kanada"><img alt="Vlag van Kanada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Quebecstad" title="Quebecstad">Quebecstad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, sedert 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, Verenigde State, sedert 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Vlag van Chili"><img alt="Vlag van Chili" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/33px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/44px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Chile" title="Santiago de Chile">Santiago de Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a>, sedert 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Georgië"><img alt="Vlag van Georgië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%AB" title="Georgië">Georgië</a>, sedert 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Saoedi-Arabië"><img alt="Vlag van Saoedi-Arabië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Riaad" title="Riaad">Riaad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Saoedi-Arabië">Saoedi-Arabië</a>, sedert 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Vlag van Volksrepubliek China"><img alt="Vlag van Volksrepubliek China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a>, sedert 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Vlag van Rusland"><img alt="Vlag van Rusland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sint_Petersburg" title="Sint Petersburg">Sint Petersburg</a>, Rusland, sedert 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tsjeggi%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Tsjeggië"><img alt="Vlag van Tsjeggië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Praag" title="Praag">Praag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsjeggi%C3%AB" title="Tsjeggië">Tsjeggië</a>, sedert 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Vlag van Portugal"><img alt="Vlag van Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon">Lissabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, sedert 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarye" title="Vlag van Bulgarye"><img alt="Vlag van Bulgarye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarye" title="Bulgarye">Bulgarye</a>, sedert 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Australië"><img alt="Vlag van Australië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a>, sedert 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Armenië"><img alt="Vlag van Armenië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jerewan" title="Jerewan">Jerewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Armenië">Armenië</a>, sedert 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Vlag van Meksiko"><img alt="Vlag van Meksiko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Meksikostad" title="Meksikostad">Meksikostad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a>, sedert 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Vlag van Pole"><img alt="Vlag van Pole" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Warskou" title="Warskou">Warskou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a>, sedert 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, Verenigde State, sedert 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Vlag van Spanje"><img alt="Vlag van Spanje" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a>, sedert 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Vlag van Griekeland"><img alt="Vlag van Griekeland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Athene" title="Athene">Athene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a>, sedert 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Vlag van Verenigde Koninkryk"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde Koninkryk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a>, sedert 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switserland" title="Vlag van Switserland"><img alt="Vlag van Switserland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gen%C3%A8ve" title="Genève">Genève</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switserland" title="Switserland">Switserland</a>, sedert 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Algeri%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Algerië"><img alt="Vlag van Algerië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algeri%C3%AB" title="Algerië">Algerië</a>, sedert 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brasili%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Brasilië"><img alt="Vlag van Brasilië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brasili%C3%AB" title="Brasilië">Brasilië</a>, sedert 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Vlag van Senegal"><img alt="Vlag van Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, sedert 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Armenië"><img alt="Vlag van Armenië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jerewan" title="Jerewan">Jerewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Armenië">Armenië</a>, sedert 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Vlag van Nederland"><img alt="Vlag van Nederland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a>, sedert 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Vlag van Uruguay"><img alt="Vlag van Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, sedert 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Vlag van Meksiko"><img alt="Vlag van Meksiko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Meksikostad" title="Meksikostad">Meksikostad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a>, sedert 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suid-Korea" title="Vlag van Suid-Korea"><img alt="Vlag van Suid-Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Seoel" title="Seoel">Seoel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suid-Korea" title="Suid-Korea">Suid-Korea</a>, sedert 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Italië"><img alt="Vlag van Italië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a>, sedert 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Demokratiese_Republiek_die_Kongo" title="Vlag van Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo"><img alt="Vlag van Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demokratiese_Republiek_die_Kongo" title="Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo">Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo</a>, sedert 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republiek_die_Kongo" title="Vlag van Republiek die Kongo"><img alt="Vlag van Republiek die Kongo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republiek_die_Kongo" title="Republiek die Kongo">Republiek die Kongo</a>, sedert 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_28-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-4" style="-moz-column-count: 4; -webkit-column-count: 4; column-count: 4; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1893198"><i>insee.fr: Statistiques. Besoek op 27 Februarie 2019</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/41259992">"Olympic Games: Paris & LA to host 2024 & 2028 respectively"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 13 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200311040042/https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/41259992">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 11 Maart 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olympic+Games%3A+Paris+%26+LA+to+host+2024+%26+2028+respectively&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fsport%2Folympics%2F41259992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AParys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFErnest_Nègre1990" class="citation book cs1">Ernest Nègre (1990). <i>Toponymie générale de la France</i>. Librairie Droz. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-2-600-02883-7" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-2-600-02883-7"><bdi>978-2-600-02883-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Toponymie+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+la+France&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=Librairie+Droz&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-2-600-02883-7&rft.au=Ernest+N%C3%A8gre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AParys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Falileyev-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Falileyev_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Falileyev_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Falileyev_4-2">4,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Falileyev2010" class="citation book cs1">Alexander Falileyev (2010). <i>Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World</i>. CMCS. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-9557182-3-6" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-9557182-3-6"><bdi>978-0-9557182-3-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Continental+Celtic+Place-names%3A+A+Celtic+Companion+to+the+Barrington+Atlas+of+the+Greek+and+Roman+World&rft.pub=CMCS&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-9557182-3-6&rft.au=Alexander+Falileyev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AParys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFPierre-Yves_Lambert1994" class="citation book cs1">Pierre-Yves Lambert (1994). <i>La langue gauloise: description linguistique, commentaire d'inscriptions choisies</i>. Errance. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-2-87772-089-2" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-2-87772-089-2"><bdi>978-2-87772-089-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+langue+gauloise%3A+description+linguistique%2C+commentaire+d%27inscriptions+choisies&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Errance&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-2-87772-089-2&rft.au=Pierre-Yves+Lambert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AParys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFXavier_Delamarre2003" class="citation book cs1">Xavier Delamarre (2003). <i>Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental</i>. Errance. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-2-87772-369-5" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-2-87772-369-5"><bdi>978-2-87772-369-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+de+la+langue+gauloise%3A+Une+approche+linguistique+du+vieux-celtique+continental&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Errance&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-2-87772-369-5&rft.au=Xavier+Delamarre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AParys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFXavier_Delamarre2003" class="citation book cs1">Xavier Delamarre (2003). <i>Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental</i>. Errance. p. 247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-2-87772-369-5" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-2-87772-369-5"><bdi>978-2-87772-369-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+de+la+langue+gauloise%3A+Une+approche+linguistique+du+vieux-celtique+continental&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=Errance&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-2-87772-369-5&rft.au=Xavier+Delamarre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AParys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFXavier_Delamarre2003" class="citation book cs1">Xavier Delamarre (2003). <i>Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental</i>. Errance. p. 247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-2-87772-369-5" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-2-87772-369-5"><bdi>978-2-87772-369-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+de+la+langue+gauloise%3A+Une+approche+linguistique+du+vieux-celtique+continental&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=Errance&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-2-87772-369-5&rft.au=Xavier+Delamarre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AParys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_E._Busse2006" class="citation book cs1">Peter E. Busse (2006). "Belgae". In John T. Koch (red.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC"><i>Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 195–200. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-85109-440-0" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-85109-440-0"><bdi>978-1-85109-440-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819063413/https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 19 Augustus 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">19 Augustus</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Belgae&rft.btitle=Celtic+Culture%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=195-200&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-440-0&rft.au=Peter+E.+Busse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df899xH_quaMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AParys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/paris/75114001/normales">"Données climatiques de la station de Paris"</a>. Meteo France. 15 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200424063521/http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/paris/75114001/normales">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 24 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donn%C3%A9es+climatiques+de+la+station+de+Paris&rft.pub=Meteo+France&rft.date=2017-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteofrance.com%2Fclimat%2Ffrance%2Fparis%2F75114001%2Fnormales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AParys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoclimat.fr/stations-meteo/climato-moyennes-records.php?staid=07156&from=1981&to=2010&redirect=1">"Normales et records pour la période 1981–2010 à Paris-Montsouris"</a>. Infoclimat.fr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">22 Julie</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normales+et+records+pour+la+p%C3%A9riode+1981%E2%80%932010+%C3%A0+Paris-Montsouris&rft.pub=Infoclimat.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fstations-meteo%2Fclimato-moyennes-records.php%3Fstaid%3D07156%26from%3D1981%26to%3D2010%26redirect%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AParys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Colin Jones: <i>Paris. Biography of a City</i>. London: Penguin Books 2006. Kindle e-boek-uitgawe, pos. 497</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Jones (2006), pos. 522</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-saints.net/saints/st-genevieve.php"><i>www.catholic-saints.net: St Genevieve Catholic Church Biography, Patron Saint Life Prayers. Besoek op 20 Februarie 2019</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Bernhard Schulz: <i>Wie Paris zur Weltstadt wurde</i>. In: <i>Der Tagesspiegel</i>, Berlyn, 21 November 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Dr. Madeleine Reincke en Hilke Maunder: <i>Paris</i>. Ostfildern: Mairdumont – Karl Baedeker 2013, bl. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160126-how-a-modern-city-was-born"><i>BBC Culture, 26 Januarie 2016: The man who created Paris. Besoek op 17 Februarie 2016</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Martina Padberg: <i>Paris. Kunst & Architektur</i>. Potsdam: H.F. Ullmann Publishing 2013, bl. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demographia.com/db-paris-history.htm"><i>Demographia – Ville de Paris Population History: Analysis and Data. Besoek op 3 Maart 2019</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2015/01/14/attentats-terroristes-les-questions-que-vous-nous-avez-le-plus-posees_4554653_4355770.html"><i>Le Monde, 15 Januarie 2015: Attentats terroristes : les questions que vous nous avez le plus posées. Besoek op 24 November 2015</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/citations/2015/01/11/25002-20150111ARTFIG00086-les-politiques-s-affichent-a-la-marche-republicaine.php"><i>Le Figaro, 11 Januarie 2015: Les politiques s'affichent à la marche républicaine. Besoek op 24 November 2015</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34820016"><i>BBC News/bbc.com, 14 November 2015: Paris attacks: Hollande blames Islamic State for 'act of war'. Besoek op 24 November 2015</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Reincke/Maunder (2013), bl. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Lisa Davidson & Elizabeth Ayre: <i>Der National Geographic Traveler: Paris</i>. Tweede hersiene uitgawe. Hamburg: National Geographic Deutschland 2004, bl. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-gb/lifestyle/travel/paris-to-ban-tourist-buses-from-city-centre/ar-AADN0wq?ocid=spartanntp"><i>Microsoft News / The Independent, 3 Julie 2019: Paris to ban tourist buses from city centre. Besoek op 3 Julie 2019</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.parisinfo.com/themes/paris-lifestyle/paris-shopping"><i>Paris Convention and Visitors Bureau: Paris Shopping. Besoek op 12 Maart 2019</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Lisa Davidson & Elizabeth Ayre: <i>Der National Geographic Traveler Paris</i>. Tweede hersiene uitgawe. Hamburg: National Geographic Deutschland 2004, bl. 108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Susterstede-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-0">28,00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-1">28,01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-2">28,02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-3">28,03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-4">28,04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-5">28,05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-6">28,06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-7">28,07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-8">28,08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-9">28,09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-10">28,10</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-11">28,11</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-12">28,12</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-13">28,13</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-14">28,14</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-15">28,15</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-16">28,16</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-17">28,17</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-18">28,18</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-19">28,19</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-20">28,20</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-21">28,21</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-22">28,22</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-23">28,23</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-24">28,24</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-25">28,25</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-26">28,26</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-27">28,27</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-28">28,28</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-29">28,29</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-30">28,30</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-31">28,31</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-32">28,32</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-33">28,33</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-34">28,34</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-35">28,35</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-36">28,36</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-37">28,37</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-38">28,38</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-39">28,39</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-40">28,40</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_28-41">28,41</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211214140538/https://api-site.paris.fr/images/74497">"International relations: special partners"</a>. Mairie de Paris. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api-site.paris.fr/images/74497">die oorspronklike</a> op 14 Desember 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">14 Desember</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+relations%3A+special+partners&rft.pub=Mairie+de+Paris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi-site.paris.fr%2Fimages%2F74497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AParys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parys&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Paris" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Paris">Paris</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Sien <i><b><a href="https://af.wiktionary.org/wiki/Parys" class="extiw" title="wikt:Parys">Parys</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, die vrye woordeboek.</td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Amptelike webwerwe</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Toerisme-inligting oor <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Paris">Parys</a> op <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paris.fr/">Amptelike webwerf</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paris.culture.fr/">Die antieke Parys</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/sites/600.htm">Amptelike Unesco-bladsy</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Ensiklopediese inligting</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Paris">"Paris"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">16 Mei</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paris&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FParis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AParys" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Privaat webwerwe</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bonjourparis.com/history/"><i>Bonjour Paris – The Insider's Guide</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Reisgidse</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.architecturaldigest.com/paris-travel-guide"><i>Architectural Digest: Paris Travel Guide</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theculturetrip.com/europe/france/paris/articles/karl-lagerfelds-paris-where-to-shop-see-and-eat-in-the-capital/"><i>Karl Lagerfeld’s Paris: Where To Visit, Shop and Eat in the French Capital</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Media</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODSe4CqVxNU"><i>YouTube.com: Des Racines et des Ailes – Quand Paris s'appelait Lutèce (Toe Parys nog as Lutetia bekendgestaan het)</i></a></li></ul> <table class="toccolours" style="clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/57px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="57" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/86px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/114px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <th width="100%" bgcolor="lightsteelblue" style="text-align: center;">Die <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement" title="Département">départements</a> van <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> (<i>Départements français</i>) </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/57px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="57" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/86px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/114px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="199" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center"><b>Metropolitaanse Frankryk</b> (<i>France métropolitaine</i>) <br /> <p><small>01 <a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a> | 02 <a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a> | 03 <a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a> | 04 <a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a> | 05 <a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a> | 06 <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a> | 07 <a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a> | 08 <a href="/wiki/Ardennes" title="Ardennes">Ardennes</a> | 09 <a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge" title="Ariège">Ariège</a> | 10 <a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a> | 11 <a href="/wiki/Aude_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Aude (département)">Aude</a> | 12 <a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a> | 13 <a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a> | 14 <a href="/wiki/Calvados_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Calvados (département)">Calvados</a> | 15 <a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a> | 16 <a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a> | 17 <a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a> | 18 <a href="/wiki/Cher_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Cher (département)">Cher</a> | 19 <a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a> | 2A <a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a> | 2B <a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a> | 21 <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a> | 22 <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a> | 23 <a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a> | 24 <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a> | 25 <a href="/wiki/Doubs_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Doubs (département)">Doubs</a> | 26 <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a> | 27 <a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a> | 28 <a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a> | 29 <a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a> | 30 <a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a> | 31 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a> | 32 <a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a> | 33 <a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a> | 34 <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Hérault (département)">Hérault</a> | 35 <a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a> | 36 <a href="/wiki/Indre_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Indre (département)">Indre</a> | 37 <a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a> | 38 <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a> | 39 <a href="/wiki/Jura_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Jura (département)">Jura</a> | 40 <a href="/wiki/Landes" title="Landes">Landes</a> | 41 <a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a> | 42 <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a> | 43 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a> | 44 <a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a> | 45 <a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a> | 46 <a href="/wiki/Lot_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Lot (département)">Lot</a> | 47 <a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a> | 48 <a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a> | 49 <a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a> | 50 <a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a> | 51 <a href="/wiki/Marne" title="Marne">Marne</a> | 52 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a> | 53 <a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a> | 54 <a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a> | 55 <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a> | 56 <a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a> | 57 <a href="/wiki/Moselle" title="Moselle">Moselle</a> | 58 <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a> | 59 <a href="/wiki/Nord_(d%C3%A9partement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nord (département)">Nord</a> | 60 <a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a> | 61 <a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a> | 62 <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a> | 63 <a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a> | 64 <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a> | 65 <a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a> | 66 <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a> | 67 <a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a> | 68 <a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a> | 69 <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Rhône (département)">Rhône</a>| 70 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a> | 71 <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a> | 72 <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a> | 73 <a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a> | 74 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a> | 75 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parys</a> | 76 <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a> | 77 <a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a> | 78 <a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a> | 79 <a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a> | 80 <a href="/wiki/Somme_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Somme (département)">Somme</a> | 81 <a href="/wiki/Tarn" title="Tarn">Tarn</a> | 82 <a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a> | 83 <a href="/wiki/Var_(d%C3%A9partement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Var (département)">Var</a> | 84 <a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a> | 85 <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a> | 86 <a href="/wiki/Vienne" title="Vienne">Vienne</a> | 87 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a> | 88 <a href="/wiki/Vosges" title="Vosges">Vosges</a> | 89 <a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a> | 90 <a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a> | 91 <a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a> | 92 <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a> | 93 <a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a> | 94 <a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a> | 95 <a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a> |  <br /><b>Oorsese départements</b> (<i>Départements d’outre-mer</i>) <br /> 971 <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> | 972 <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> | 973 <a href="/wiki/Frans-Guyana" title="Frans-Guyana">Frans-Guyana</a> | 974 <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> | 976 <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>  <br /><b>Andere <a href="/wiki/Franse_oorsese_gebiede" title="Franse oorsese gebiede">oorsese gebiede</a>:</b>  <br /><b>Oorsese kollektiewe gebiede</b> (<i>Collectivités d’outre-mer</i>) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin" title="Saint-Martin">Saint-Martin</a> (<i>collectivité territoriale</i>) | 975 <a href="/wiki/Sint_Pierre_en_Miquelon" title="Sint Pierre en Miquelon">Sint Pierre en Miquelon</a> (<i>collectivité territoriale</i>) | <a href="/wiki/Sint_Bartholomeus" title="Sint Bartholomeus">Sint Bartholomeus</a> (<i>collectivité territoriale</i>) | 986 <a href="/wiki/Wallis_en_Futuna" title="Wallis en Futuna">Wallis en Futuna</a> (<i>territoire</i>) | 987 <a href="/wiki/Frans-Polinesi%C3%AB" title="Frans-Polinesië">Frans-Polinesië</a> (<i>pays d’outre-mer</i>)  <br /><b>Spesiaal statuut</b> (<i>Statut spécifique</i>) <br /><a href="/wiki/Nieu-Kaledoni%C3%AB" title="Nieu-Kaledonië">Nieu-Kaledonië</a>  <br /><b>Onbewoonde gebiede</b> (<i>Territoires inhabités</i>) <br /><a href="/wiki/Franse_Suidelike_en_Antarktiese_Gebiede" title="Franse Suidelike en Antarktiese Gebiede">Franse Suidelike en Antarktiese Gebiede</a> | <a href="/wiki/Clipperton" title="Clipperton">Clipperton</a><br /> </small></p><small> </small></td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center"><small><b>Die administratiewe verdeling van Frankryk:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gion" class="mw-redirect" title="Région">Régions</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement" title="Département">Départements</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement" title="Arrondissement">Arrondissemente</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kanton" class="mw-disambig" title="Kanton">Kantons</a></i> - <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commune (bladsy bestaan nie)">Communes</a></i> </small></td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hoofstede_in_Europa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Europa"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Hoofstede_in_Europa" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Hoofstede in Europa"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Europa&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hoofstede_in_Europa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">Hoofstede</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande" title="Lys van lande">onafhanklike lande</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a> • <a href="/wiki/Athene" title="Athene">Athene</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bakoe" title="Bakoe">Bakoe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Belgrado" title="Belgrado">Belgrado</a> • <a href="/wiki/Berlyn" title="Berlyn">Berlyn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> • <a href="/wiki/Boedapest" title="Boedapest">Boedapest</a> • <a href="/wiki/Boekarest" title="Boekarest">Boekarest</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brussel" title="Brussel">Brussel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jerewan" title="Jerewan">Jerewan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kijif" title="Kijif">Kijif</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kopenhagen" title="Kopenhagen">Kopenhagen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon">Lissabon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg_(stad)" title="Luxemburg (stad)">Luxemburg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> • <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou">Moskou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parys</a> • <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a> • <a href="/wiki/Praag" title="Praag">Praag</a> • <a href="/wiki/Reykjavik" title="Reykjavik">Reykjavik</a> • <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Marino_(stad)" title="San Marino (stad)">San Marino</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a> • <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vatikaanstad" title="Vatikaanstad">Vatikaanstad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Warskou" title="Warskou">Warskou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wene" title="Wene">Wene</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_omstrede_gebiede" title="Lys van omstrede gebiede">omstrede gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noord-Nicosia" title="Noord-Nicosia">Lefkoşa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Loehansk" title="Loehansk">Loehansk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_afhanklike_gebiede" title="Lys van afhanklike gebiede">afhanklike gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_(Man)" title="Douglas (Man)">Douglas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Episkopi" title="Episkopi">Episkopi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Olonkinbyen" title="Olonkinbyen">Olonkinbyen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier">Saint Helier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a> • <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Afrika" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Afrika">Afrika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Asië">Asië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Noord-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Oseani%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Oseanië">Oseanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Suid-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x20px&#124;border&#124;Vlag_van_Frankryk&#124;link=Frankryk_Prefekture_van_départements_in_Frankryk" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" 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title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap,_Hautes-Alpes" title="Gap, Hautes-Alpes">Gap</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privas" title="Privas">Privas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charleville-M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charleville-Mézières (bladsy bestaan nie)">Charleville-Mézières</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ardennes" title="Ardennes">Ardennes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foix (bladsy bestaan nie)">Foix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge" title="Ariège">Ariège</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aude" class="mw-redirect" title="Aude">Aude</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodez (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rodez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calvados_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Calvados (département)">Calvados</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurillac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurillac (bladsy bestaan nie)">Aurillac</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Angoulême">Angoulême</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bourges (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bourges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cher_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Cher (département)">Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tulle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tulle (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tulle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bastia (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bastia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Brieuc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Brieuc (bladsy bestaan nie)">Saint-Brieuc</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu%C3%A9ret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guéret (bladsy bestaan nie)">Guéret</a> (<a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9rigueux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Périgueux (bladsy bestaan nie)">Périgueux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence" title="Valence">Valence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89vreux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Évreux (bladsy bestaan nie)">Évreux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chartres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chartres (bladsy bestaan nie)">Chartres</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimper" title="Quimper">Quimper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auch (bladsy bestaan nie)">Auch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> (<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Hérault (département)">Hérault</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teauroux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Châteauroux (bladsy bestaan nie)">Châteauroux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tours (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> (<a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lons-le-Saunier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lons-le-Saunier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lons-le-Saunier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jura_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Jura (département)">Jura</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mont-de-Marsan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mont-de-Marsan (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mont-de-Marsan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Landes" title="Landes">Landes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blois (bladsy bestaan nie)">Blois</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Puy-en-Velay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Puy-en-Velay (bladsy bestaan nie)">Le Puy-en-Velay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cahors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cahors (bladsy bestaan nie)">Cahors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Lot (département)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agen" title="Agen">Agen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mende,_Loz%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mende, Lozère (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mende</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Châlons-en-Champagne (bladsy bestaan nie)">Châlons-en-Champagne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marne" title="Marne">Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaumont,_Haute-Marne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaumont, Haute-Marne (bladsy bestaan nie)">Chaumont</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laval,_Mayenne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laval, Mayenne (bladsy bestaan nie)">Laval</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy" title="Nancy">Nancy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar-le-Duc" title="Bar-le-Duc">Bar-le-Duc</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannes" title="Vannes">Vannes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moselle" title="Moselle">Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevers (bladsy bestaan nie)">Nevers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nord_(d%C3%A9partement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nord (département)">Nord</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beauvais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beauvais (bladsy bestaan nie)">Beauvais</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alen%C3%A7on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alençon (bladsy bestaan nie)">Alençon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarbes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarbes (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tarbes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straatsburg" title="Straatsburg">Straatsburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Rhône (département)">Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesoul" title="Vesoul">Vesoul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A2con&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mâcon (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mâcon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamb%C3%A9ry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chambéry (bladsy bestaan nie)">Chambéry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parys</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parys</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melun (bladsy bestaan nie)">Melun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Versailles,_Yvelines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Versailles, Yvelines (bladsy bestaan nie)">Versailles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niort (bladsy bestaan nie)">Niort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Somme_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Somme (département)">Somme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Albi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn" title="Tarn">Tarn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montauban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montauban (bladsy bestaan nie)">Montauban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Var_(d%C3%A9partement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Var (département)">Var</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Roche-sur-Yon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Roche-sur-Yon (bladsy bestaan nie)">La Roche-sur-Yon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poitiers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poitiers (bladsy bestaan nie)">Poitiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vienne" title="Vienne">Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinal" title="Épinal">Épinal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vosges" title="Vosges">Vosges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auxerre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auxerre (bladsy bestaan nie)">Auxerre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belfort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belfort (bladsy bestaan nie)">Belfort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89vry,_Essonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Évry, Essonne (bladsy bestaan nie)">Évry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanterre" title="Nanterre">Nanterre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobigny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bobigny (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bobigny</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cr%C3%A9teil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Créteil (bladsy bestaan nie)">Créteil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cergy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cergy (bladsy bestaan nie)">Cergy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontoise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pontoise (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pontoise</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Oorsese_départements"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oorsese_d%C3%A9partement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oorsese département (bladsy bestaan nie)">Oorsese départements</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frans-Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Frans-Guiana">Frans-Guiana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis_(R%C3%A9union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Denis (Réunion)">Saint-Denis</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1009791">1009791</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Chile (bladsy bestaan nie)">BNC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000031011">000031011</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451222">XX451222</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865278m">cb11865278m</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865278m">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA10980120?l=en">DA10980120</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4044660-8">4044660-8</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/006604">006604</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/000000012114268X">0000 0001 2114 268X</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=KulturNav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KulturNav (bladsy bestaan nie)">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/5fd4d231-00c4-4f69-abf6-cd63ffe60e2a">5fd4d231-00c4-4f69-abf6-cd63ffe60e2a</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79058874">n79058874</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000042629&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000042629</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/dc10c22b-e510-4006-8b7f-fecb4f36436e">dc10c22b-e510-4006-8b7f-fecb4f36436e</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045153">10045153</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Central_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Central Library (bladsy bestaan nie)">NCL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=021097610&CON_LNG=ENG">021097610</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00629026">00629026</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Gallery_of_Victoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Gallery of Victoria (bladsy bestaan nie)">NGV</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/13498/">13498</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130380&CON_LNG=ENG">ge130380</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35995688">35995688</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Israel">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000975505&local_base=nlx10">000975505</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RERO_(Library_Network_of_Western_Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland)">RERO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A005473890">02-A005473890</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="error">The SBN id LO1V149084 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6n62wkx">w6n62wkx</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026397765">026397765</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158822968">158822968</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/158822968">158822968</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="display:none; right:10px;" class="metadata topicon nopopups" id="featured-star"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorbladartikel" title="Hierdie artikel is gekies as 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