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Disponible en 22 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A4%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%85" title="سؤال ملغوم – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سؤال ملغوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregunta_capciosa" title="Pregunta capciosa – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pregunta capciosa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapci%C3%B3zn%C3%AD_ot%C3%A1zka" title="Kapciózní otázka – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kapciózní otázka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fangfrage" title="Fangfrage – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fangfrage" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BB%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Πλάνη των πολλών ερωτημάτων – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πλάνη των πολλών ερωτημάτων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loaded_question" title="Loaded question – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Loaded question" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompodemando" title="Trompodemando – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Trompodemando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falacia_de_las_muchas_preguntas" title="Falacia de las muchas preguntas – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Falacia de las muchas preguntas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87" title="پرسش بارگذاری شده – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرسش بارگذاری شده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompleksikysymys" title="Kompleksikysymys – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kompleksikysymys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9D" title="פלוריום אינטרוגטיונום – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלוריום אינטרוגטיונום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BAl_sokat_%C3%A1ll%C3%ADt%C3%B3_k%C3%A9rd%C3%A9s" title="Túl sokat állító kérdés – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Túl sokat állító kérdés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B9_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%81" title="Սադրիչ հարց – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սադրիչ հարց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E8%B3%AA%E5%95%8F%E3%81%AE%E8%AA%A4%E8%AC%AC" title="多重質問の誤謬 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="多重質問の誤謬" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7" title="बहुप्रश्न तर्कदोष – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बहुप्रश्न तर्कदोष" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikvraag" title="Strikvraag – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Strikvraag" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podchwytliwe_pytanie" title="Podchwytliwe pytanie – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Podchwytliwe pytanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Провокационный вопрос – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Провокационный вопрос" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komplex_fr%C3%A5ga" title="Komplex fråga – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Komplex fråga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ea%C5%9F%C4%B1rt%C4%B1c%C4%B1_soru" title="Şaşırtıcı soru – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şaşırtıcı soru" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Провокаційне питання – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Провокаційне питання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A2%E5%AE%9A%E8%A7%80%E9%BB%9E%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="既定觀點問題 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="既定觀點問題" data-language-autonym="中文" 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mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Dionysiou_Monastery_Codex_90.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Dionysiou_Monastery_Codex_90.jpg/220px-Dionysiou_Monastery_Codex_90.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Dionysiou_Monastery_Codex_90.jpg/330px-Dionysiou_Monastery_Codex_90.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Dionysiou_Monastery_Codex_90.jpg/440px-Dionysiou_Monastery_Codex_90.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Diog%C3%A8ne_La%C3%ABrce" title="Diogène Laërce">Diogène Laërce</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vies,_doctrines_et_sentences_des_philosophes_illustres" title="Vies, doctrines et sentences des philosophes illustres">Vies, doctrines et sentences des philosophes illustres</a></i>, manuscrit du <abbr class="abbr" title="13ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle conservé au <a href="/wiki/Monast%C3%A8re_de_Dionysiou" title="Monastère de Dionysiou">monastère de Dionysiou</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Une <b>question piège</b>, en <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9torique" title="Rhétorique">rhétorique</a>, est une <a href="/wiki/Interrogation_(linguistique)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interrogation (linguistique)">interrogation</a> qui contient d'emblée une assertion discutable ou fausse, par exemple une <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9somption" title="Présomption">présomption</a> de culpabilité. La personne interrogée tombe dans le piège si elle ne pense pas à <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9futation" title="Réfutation">réfuter</a> immédiatement le <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9suppos%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Présupposé">présupposé</a> implicite. Son erreur est due le plus souvent à un manque d'<a href="/wiki/Attention" title="Attention">attention</a>. </p><p>Dans un sens plus large, une question piège est une interrogation tendancieuse, parfois polémique. </p><p>En termes de <a href="/wiki/Logique_informelle" title="Logique informelle">logique informelle</a>, le fait qu'une question contienne une <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9misse" title="Prémisse">prémisse</a> sous-entendue ne constitue pas un piège en soi. La <a href="/wiki/Manipulation_mentale" title="Manipulation mentale">manipulation</a> repose sur le contexte, dans le cas où la signification de cette <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9tition_de_principe" title="Pétition de principe">pétition de principe</a> est inacceptable pour la personne interrogée<sup id="cite_ref-DNWLoaded_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNWLoaded-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le piège fonctionne d'autant mieux que l'interrogé est invité à répondre d'une façon binaire, par l'affirmative ou la négative, alors que la question est orientée et plus complexe qu'il n'y paraît : en effet, elle renferme plusieurs éléments, dont l'un au moins est <a href="/wiki/Raisonnement_fallacieux" title="Raisonnement fallacieux">fallacieux</a><sup id="cite_ref-DNWLoaded_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNWLoaded-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette méthode <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9torique" title="Rhétorique">rhétorique</a> est une variante du <a href="/wiki/Sophisme" title="Sophisme">procédé sophistique</a> connu sous le nom de <i><a href="/wiki/Plurium_interrogationum" title="Plurium interrogationum">plurium interrogationum</a></i> (« de plusieurs questions »)<sup id="cite_ref-DNWLoaded_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNWLoaded-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exemples">Exemples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Question_pi%C3%A8ge&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Exemples" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Question_pi%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Exemples"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Diog%C3%A8ne_La%C3%ABrce" title="Diogène Laërce">Diogène Laërce</a> donne un exemple de la question piège en évoquant dans ses <i><a href="/wiki/Vies,_doctrines_et_sentences_des_philosophes_illustres" title="Vies, doctrines et sentences des philosophes illustres">Vies, doctrines et sentences des philosophes illustres</a></i> le philosophe <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9n%C3%A9d%C3%A8me_d%27%C3%89r%C3%A9trie" title="Ménédème d'Érétrie">Ménédème d'Érétrie</a> confronté à une interrogation d'<a href="/wiki/Alexinos" title="Alexinos">Alexinos</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il écrit : </p> <blockquote> <p>« Quand Alexinos lui demanda s'il avait cessé de battre son père, Ménédème répliqua : "Je ne l'ai pas battu et je n'ai pas cessé." Et quand Alexinos le somma de répondre par oui ou par non, il rétorqua : "Il serait absurde que je me plie à tes exigences alors que je peux te contrer dès le début<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>." » </p> </blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a>, alors <a href="/wiki/Ambassadeur_des_%C3%89tats-Unis_aux_Nations_unies" title="Ambassadeur des États-Unis aux Nations unies">ambassadrice américaine à l'ONU</a>, est tombée dans le piège en répondant à une question tendancieuse lors de l'émission <i><a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a></i> du <time class="nowrap" datetime="1996-05-12" data-sort-value="1996-05-12">12 mai 1996</time>. <a href="/wiki/Lesley_Stahl" title="Lesley Stahl">Lesley Stahl</a> lui a dit, au sujet des conséquences des <a href="/wiki/Sanctions_contre_l%27Irak" title="Sanctions contre l'Irak">sanctions de l'ONU contre l'Irak</a> : <span class="citation">« Nous avons appris qu'un demi-million d'enfants sont morts. C'est plus que le nombre d'enfants morts à <a href="/wiki/Bombardements_atomiques_d%27Hiroshima_et_de_Nagasaki" title="Bombardements atomiques d'Hiroshima et de Nagasaki">Hiroshima</a>. Cela en vaut-il vraiment la peine ? »</span> Au lieu de contester ce nombre de morts non vérifié, Madeleine Albright a déclaré : « Je pense que c'est un choix très difficile, mais le résultat, nous le pensons, le résultat en vaut la peine<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. » Dans son autobiographie publiée quelques années plus tard, elle a regretté ces propos : <span class="citation">« J'aurais dû répondre à la question en la recadrant et en soulignant les failles de la prémisse... Dès que j'ai prononcé ces mots, j'ai eu envie d'arrêter le temps et de reprendre mes paroles. Ma réponse a été une grave erreur, hâtive, maladroite, fausse. Je suis tombée dans un piège et j'ai dit quelque chose que je ne voulais pas du tout dire. Ce n'est la faute de personne d'autre que moi<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. »</span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Question_pi%C3%A8ge&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Question_pi%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DNWLoaded-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DNWLoaded_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNWLoaded_1-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-DNWLoaded_1-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_N._Walton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas N. Walton (page inexistante)">Douglas N. Walton</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_N._Walton" class="extiw" title="en:Douglas N. Walton"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Douglas N. Walton »">(en)</span></a>, <i>Informal logic: a handbook for critical argumentation</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 1989, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-521-37925-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-521-37925-3"><span class="nowrap">0-521-37925-3</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">36–37</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=kswimguc5uYC&pg=PA36&dq=%22complex+question%22+%22Loaded+question%22&as_brr=0&ei=P820S9GbFI20MPOqiOkO&cd=2&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22complex%20question%22%20%22Loaded%20question%22&f=false">Lire en ligne</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Carroll" title="Robert Todd Carroll">Robert Todd Carroll</a>, <i>The Skeptic's Dictionary</i>, John Wiley & Sons, 2003 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-471-27242-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-471-27242-6"><span class="nowrap">0-471-27242-6</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 51, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skepdic.com/begging.html">Lire en ligne</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Plutarque" title="Plutarque">Plutarque</a> tenait <a href="/wiki/Alexinos" title="Alexinos">Alexinos</a> pour un <a href="/wiki/Sophiste" title="Sophiste">sophiste</a>. Plusieurs auteurs, dont <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Empiricus" title="Sextus Empiricus">Sextus Empiricus</a>, font état de divers sophismes d'Alexinos destinés à réfuter les <a href="/wiki/Syllogisme" title="Syllogisme">syllogismes</a> de <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A9non_de_Kition" title="Zénon de Kition">Zénon de Kition</a>. Voir les <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoicorum_Veterum_Fragmenta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta (page inexistante)">Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicorum_Veterum_Fragmenta" class="extiw" title="en:Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta »">(en)</span></a></i> recueillis par <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Arnim_(philologue)" title="Hans von Arnim (philologue)">Hans von Arnim</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Douglas N. Walton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221135816/http://dougwalton.ca/papers%20in%20pdf/99interrog.pdf">« The fallacy of many questions: on the notions of complexity, loadedness and unfair entrapment in interrogative theory »</a>, <i>Argumentation</i> 13-4, <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Winnipeg" title="Université de Winnipeg">université de Winnipeg</a>, novembre 1999, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">379–383</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers</i>, London, Bohn, 1853, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9-YFAAAAQAAJ/page/n120/mode/2up">Lire dans une traduction en anglais</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Douglas E. Hill, « Albright's Blunder », <i>Irvine Review</i>, 2002, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030603215848/http://www.irvinereview.org/guest1.htm">Lire en ligne</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a>, <i>Madam Secretary: A Memoir</i>, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-7868-6843-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-7868-6843-0"><span class="nowrap">0-7868-6843-0</span></a>)</small>, p. 275.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Question_pi%C3%A8ge&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Question_pi%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plurium_interrogationum" title="Plurium interrogationum">Plurium interrogationum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logique_informelle" title="Logique informelle">Logique informelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9tition_de_principe" title="Pétition de principe">Pétition de principe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persuasion" title="Persuasion">Persuasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipulation_mentale" title="Manipulation mentale">Manipulation mentale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9somption_d%27innocence" title="Présomption d'innocence">Présomption d'innocence</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Sophismes" title="Modèle:Palette Sophismes"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Sophismes&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Sophisme" title="Sophisme">Sophismes</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Sophisme a priori</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appel_%C3%A0_la_flatterie" title="Appel à la flatterie">Appel à la flatterie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appel_%C3%A0_l%27ignorance" title="Appel à l'ignorance">à l'ignorance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appel_%C3%A0_la_nature" title="Appel à la nature">à la nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appel_au_ridicule" title="Appel au ridicule">au ridicule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appel_%C3%A0_la_peur" title="Appel à la peur">à la terreur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_d%27autorit%C3%A9" title="Argument d'autorité">Argument d'autorité</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_antiquitatem" title="Argumentum ad antiquitatem">Argumentum ad antiquitatem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_baculum" title="Argumentum ad baculum">ad baculum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_crumenam" title="Argumentum ad crumenam">ad crumenam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_lazarum" title="Argumentum ad lazarum">ad lazarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_novitatem" title="Argumentum ad novitatem">ad novitatem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_odium" title="Argumentum ad odium">ad odium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_wrongs_make_a_right" title="Two wrongs make a right">Double faute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erreur_du_parieur" title="Erreur du parieur">Erreur du parieur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralogisme_naturaliste" title="Paralogisme naturaliste">Paralogisme naturaliste</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Sophisme d'observation</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_a_silentio" title="Argumentum a silentio">Argumentum a silentio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_nauseam" title="Argumentum ad nauseam">Argumentum ad nauseam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisme_du_vrai_%C3%89cossais" title="Sophisme du vrai Écossais">Aucun vrai Écossais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fausse_%C3%A9quivalence" title="Fausse équivalence">Fausse équivalence</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Post_hoc_ergo_propter_hoc" title="Post hoc ergo propter hoc">Post hoc ergo propter hoc</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Sophisme de généralisation</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sophisme_de_la_cause_unique" title="Sophisme de la cause unique">Cause unique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affirmation_du_cons%C3%A9quent" title="Affirmation du conséquent">Conséquent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affirmation_d%27une_disjonction" title="Affirmation d'une disjonction">Disjonction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89chantillon_biais%C3%A9" title="Échantillon biaisé">Échantillon biaisé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faux_dilemme" title="Faux dilemme">Faux dilemme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faux_%C3%A9quilibre" title="Faux équilibre">Faux équilibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisme_du_juste_milieu" title="Sophisme du juste milieu">Juste milieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisme_de_McNamara" title="Sophisme de McNamara">McNamara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oubli_de_la_fr%C3%A9quence_de_base" title="Oubli de la fréquence de base">Oubli de la fréquence de base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pente_savonneuse" title="Pente savonneuse">Pente savonneuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisme_de_la_solution_parfaite" title="Sophisme de la solution parfaite">Solution parfaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisme_de_composition" title="Sophisme de composition">Sophisme de composition</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Sophisme par confusion</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibologie" title="Amphibologie">Amphibologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appel_%C3%A0_Galil%C3%A9e" title="Appel à Galilée">Appel à Galilée</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A9lation_n%27implique_pas_causalit%C3%A9" title="Corrélation n'implique pas causalité">Cum hoc ergo propter hoc</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pouvantail_(rh%C3%A9torique)" title="Épouvantail (rhétorique)">Épouvantail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fausse_objection" title="Fausse objection">Fausse objection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faux_dilemme" title="Faux dilemme">Faux dilemme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inversion_de_la_charge_de_la_preuve" title="Inversion de la charge de la preuve">Inversion de la charge de la preuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9tition_de_principe" title="Pétition de principe">Pétition de principe</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plurium_interrogationum" title="Plurium interrogationum">Plurium interrogationum</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Question piège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisme_par_association" title="Sophisme par association">Sophisme par association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisme_de_la_motte_castrale" title="Sophisme de la motte castrale">Sophisme de la motte castrale</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Whataboutism" title="Whataboutism">Whataboutism</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Par nom latin</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_a_silentio" title="Argumentum a silentio">Argumentum a silentio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_antiquitatem" title="Argumentum ad antiquitatem">ad antiquitatem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_baculum" title="Argumentum ad baculum">ad baculum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_crumenam" title="Argumentum ad crumenam">ad crumenam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_hominem" title="Argumentum ad hominem">ad hominem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_lazarum" title="Argumentum ad lazarum">ad lazarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_misericordiam" title="Argumentum ad misericordiam">ad misericordiam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Appel_%C3%A0_la_nature" title="Appel à la nature">ad naturam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_nauseam" title="Argumentum ad nauseam">ad nauseam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_novitatem" title="Argumentum ad novitatem">ad novitatem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_odium" title="Argumentum ad odium">ad odium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_personam" title="Argumentum ad personam">ad personam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_populum" title="Argumentum ad populum">ad populum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argument_d%27autorit%C3%A9" title="Argument d'autorité">ad verecundiam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ignoratio_elenchi" title="Ignoratio elenchi">Ignoratio elenchi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Non_causa_pro_causa" title="Non causa pro causa">Non causa pro causa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Non_sequitur" title="Non sequitur">Non sequitur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plurium_interrogationum" title="Plurium interrogationum">Plurium interrogationum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Post_hoc_ergo_propter_hoc" title="Post hoc ergo propter hoc">Post hoc ergo propter hoc</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reductio_ad_Hitlerum" title="Reductio ad Hitlerum">Reductio ad Hitlerum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reductio_ad_Stalinum" title="Reductio ad Stalinum">Reductio ad Stalinum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span 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