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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bs.wikipedia.org&uselang=bs" class=""><span>Donacije</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Napravi_ra%C4%8Dun&returnto=Germanij" title="Predlažemo vam da napravite račun i prijavite se; međutim, to nije obavezno" class=""><span>Napravi korisnički račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Korisni%C4%8Dka_prijava&returnto=Germanij" title="Predlažemo vam da se prijavite, iako to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijavi me</span></a> 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decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"43\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/60px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/80px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"555\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EOd 1. do 30. novembra 2024. učestvujte u projektu \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Azijski_mjesec/2024.\" title=\"Wikipedia:Azijski mjesec/2024.\"\u003E\"Azijski mjesec\"\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div 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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osobine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osobine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Osobine</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Osobine-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Osobine</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Osobine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hemijske" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hemijske"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Hemijske</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hemijske-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izotopi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izotopi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Izotopi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izotopi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rasprostranjenost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rasprostranjenost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rasprostranjenost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rasprostranjenost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dobijanje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dobijanje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dobijanje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dobijanje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upotreba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upotreba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Upotreba</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Upotreba-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Upotreba</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Upotreba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elektronika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektronika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Elektronika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektronika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Staklo_i_vlakna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Staklo_i_vlakna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Staklo i vlakna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Staklo_i_vlakna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuklearna_medicina_i_atomska_tehnika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuklearna_medicina_i_atomska_tehnika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Nuklearna medicina i atomska tehnika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuklearna_medicina_i_atomska_tehnika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U_ishrani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U_ishrani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>U ishrani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U_ishrani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spojevi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spojevi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Spojevi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spojevi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Također_pogledajte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Također_pogledajte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Također pogledajte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Također_pogledajte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjski_linkovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Vanjski linkovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Germanij</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 144 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-144" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">144 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%80%E1%88%AD%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ጀርማኒየም – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጀርማኒየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chermanio" title="Chermanio – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chermanio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="جرمانيوم – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جرمانيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="جيرمانيوم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جيرمانيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="جرمانيوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جرمانيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xermaniu" title="Xermaniu – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xermaniu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="ژرمانیوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژرمانیوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rmanium" title="Gérmanium – balinezijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gérmanium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermaniyo" title="Hermaniyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hermaniyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Германій – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Германій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Герман – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Герман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ဇျာမေနီယမ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဇျာမေနီယမ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="জার্মেনিয়াম – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জার্মেনিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="འཇར་མི་ནིམ། – tibetanski" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཇར་མི་ནིམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniom" title="Germaniom – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Germaniom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani" title="Germani – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Germani" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="جێرمانیۆم – centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جێرمانیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniu" title="Germaniu – korzikanski" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Germaniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korzikanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniwm" title="Germaniwm – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Germaniwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Γερμάνιο – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερμάνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniumo" title="Germaniumo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Germaniumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanium" title="Germaanium – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Germaanium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ژرمانیم – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژرمانیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – farski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="farski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanium" title="Germaanium – sjeverni frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Germaanium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjeverni frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjermani" title="Gjermani – friulijski" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gjermani" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearm%C3%A1iniam" title="Gearmáiniam – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gearmáiniam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearmainium" title="Gearmainium – škotski galski" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gearmainium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škotski galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xermanio" title="Xermanio – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xermanio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="જર્મેનિયમ – gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જર્મેનિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanium" title="Germaanium – manks" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Germaanium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="גרמניום – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרמניום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanij" title="Germanij – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Germanij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A8many%C3%B2m" title="Jèmanyòm – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jèmanyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A1nium" title="Germánium – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Germánium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Գերմանիում – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերմանիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/German" title="German – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="German" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ゲルマニウム – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲルマニウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dotyjinme" title="dotyjinme – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dotyjinme" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniyum" title="Germaniyum – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Germaniyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="გერმანიუმი – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C9%9Br%C9%A9man%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Zɛrɩmanɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Zɛrɩmanɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜರ್ಮೇನಿಯಮ್ – kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜರ್ಮೇನಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%80%EB%A7%88%EB%8A%84" title="저마늄 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="저마늄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany%C3%BBm" title="Germanyûm – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Germanyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniom" title="Germaniom – kornski" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Germaniom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – kirgiški" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio – ligurski" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A0nio" title="Germànio – lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Germànio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanis" title="Germanis – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Germanis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C4%81nijs" title="Germānijs – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Germānijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermani%C3%B4ma" title="Zermaniôma – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Zermaniôma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Германиум – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Германиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ജെർമേനിയം – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജെർമേനിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Германи – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Германи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम – marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ဂျာမေနီယမ် – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျာမေနီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – norveški (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani" title="Germani – oksitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Germani" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – osetski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਜਰਮੇਨੀਅਮ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਰਮੇਨੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/German" title="German – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="German" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani_(element)" title="Germani (element) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Germani (element)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="جرمینیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جرمینیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="جرمانيوم – paštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جرمانيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A2nio" title="Germânio – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Germânio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qhirmanyu" title="Qhirmanyu – kečua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qhirmanyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniu" title="Germaniu – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Germaniu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniu" title="Germaniu – arumunski" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Germaniu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A0niu" title="Germàniu – sardinijski" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Germàniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girmaniu" title="Girmaniu – sicilijanski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Girmaniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanijum" title="Germanijum – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Germanijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A1nium" title="Germánium – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Germánium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanij" title="Germanij – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Germanij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermaaniyaam" title="Jermaaniyaam – somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jermaaniyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniumi" title="Germaniumi – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Germaniumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Германијум – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Германијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rmanium" title="Gérmanium – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gérmanium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerimani" title="Gerimani – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gerimani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="செருமேனியம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செருமேனியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="జెర్మేనియం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జెర్మేనియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="เจอร์เมเนียม – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจอร์เมเนียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermanyo" title="Hermanyo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hermanyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyum" title="Germanyum – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Germanyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A" title="گېرمانىي – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گېرمانىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Германій – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Германій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="جرمانیئم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جرمانیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniy" title="Germaniy – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Germaniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanii_(himine_element)" title="Germanii (himine element) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Germanii (himine element)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani" title="Germani – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Germani" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyo" title="Germanyo – varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Germanyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗 – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Германион – kalmik" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Германион" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="גערמאניום – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גערמאניום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%E1%BA%B9%CC%81rm%C3%A1n%C3%AD%E1%BB%8D%CC%81m%C3%B9" title="Jẹ́rmáníọ́mù – jorubanski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jẹ́rmáníọ́mù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="锗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%BA" title="鍺 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鍺" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%BA" title="鍺 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鍺" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmGwangaza" title="UmGwangaza – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmGwangaza" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q867#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Germanij" title="Prikaži stranicu sa sadržajem [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Germanij" rel="discussion" title="Razgovor o sadržaju [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni varijantu jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">bosanski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pregledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Germanij"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=history" title="Prethodne izmjene ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alati" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alati</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alati</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Germanij"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=history"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Općenito </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0ta_vodi_ovamo/Germanij" title="Spisak svih članaka koji su povezani s ovim [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Srodne_izmjene/Germanij" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne izmjene na stranicama koje su povezane sa ovom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Srodne izmjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload" title="Postavi slike i druge medije [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Spisak svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&oldid=3665942" title="Trajni link ove verzije stranice"><span>Trajni link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Informacije o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Germanij&id=3665942&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGermanij"><span>Skraćeni link</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGermanij"><span>Preuzmi QR kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje / izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Germanij"><span>Napravi knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Germanij&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&printable=yes" title="Verzija ove stranice za štampanje [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Za štampanje</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Germanium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q867" title="Link na povezane podatke spremišnih stavki [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodacima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-istaknuti-clanak" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:I%C4%8C" title="Ovo je bio istaknuti članak mjeseca."><img alt="Ovo je bio istaknuti članak mjeseca." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/19px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/29px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/38px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3638947">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Germanij,  <sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">32</span></sub>Ge</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg/180px-Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg/270px-Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg/360px-Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="1056" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:Peru;">Germanij u <a href="/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata">periodnom sistemu</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="display: inline-block; margin: 0 auto;"> <table class="nogrid" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show; border:none"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 1: Vodik (H), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="16"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 2: Helij (He), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Litij" title="Litij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 3: Litij (Li), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Berilij" title="Berilij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 4: Berilij (Be), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 5: Bor (B), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 6: Ugljik (C), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 7: Dušik (N), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 8: Kisik (O), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 9: Fluor (F), Halogeni elementi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 10: Neon (Ne), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Natrij" title="Natrij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 11: Natrij (Na), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 12: Magnezij (Mg), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Aluminij" title="Aluminij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 13: Aluminij (Al), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 14: Silicij (Si), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 15: Fosfor (P), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Sumpor" title="Sumpor"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 16: Sumpor (S), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 17: Hlor (Cl), Halogeni elementi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 18: Argon (Ar), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 19: Kalij (K), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kalcij" title="Kalcij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 20: Kalcij (Ca), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Skandij" title="Skandij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 21: Skandij (Sc), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Titanij" title="Titanij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 22: Titanij (Ti), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Vanadij" title="Vanadij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 23: Vanadij (V), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 24: Hrom (Cr), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 25: Mangan (Mn), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 26: Željezo (Fe), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 27: Kobalt (Co), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nikl" title="Nikl"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 28: Nikl (Ni), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 29: Bakar (Cu), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 30: Cink (Zn), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Galij" title="Galij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 31: Galij (Ga), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru; border:1px solid black; margin:-1px"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 32: Germanij (Ge), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 33: Arsen (As), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 34: Selen (Se), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 35: Brom (Br), Halogeni elementi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 36: Kripton (Kr), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rubidij" title="Rubidij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 37: Rubidij (Rb), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Stroncij" title="Stroncij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 38: Stroncij (Sr), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Itrij" title="Itrij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 39: Itrij (Y), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cirkonij" title="Cirkonij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 40: Cirkonij (Zr), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Niobij" title="Niobij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 41: Niobij (Nb), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 42: Molibden (Mo), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tehnecij" title="Tehnecij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 43: Tehnecij (Tc), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rutenij" title="Rutenij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 44: Rutenij (Ru), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rodij" title="Rodij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 45: Rodij (Rh), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Paladij" title="Paladij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 46: Paladij (Pd), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 47: Srebro (Ag), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kadmij" title="Kadmij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 48: Kadmij (Cd), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Indij" title="Indij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 49: Indij (In), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kalaj" title="Kalaj"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 50: Kalaj (Sn), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 51: Antimon (Sb), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 52: Telur (Te), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 53: Jod (I), Halogeni elementi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ksenon" title="Ksenon"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 54: Ksenon (Xe), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cezij" title="Cezij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 55: Cezij (Cs), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Barij" title="Barij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 56: Barij (Ba), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="1"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">↓</a></div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hafnij" title="Hafnij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 72: Hafnij (Hf), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 73: Tantal (Ta), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 74: Volfram (W), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Renij" title="Renij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 75: Renij (Re), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Osmij" title="Osmij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 76: Osmij (Os), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Iridij" title="Iridij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 77: Iridij (Ir), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 78: Platina (Pt), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 79: Zlato (Au), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 80: Živa (Hg), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Talij" title="Talij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 81: Talij (Tl), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 82: Olovo (Pb), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 83: Bizmut (Bi), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Polonij" title="Polonij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 84: Polonij (Po), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 85: Astat (At), Halogeni elementi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 86: Radon (Rn), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Francij" title="Francij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 87: Francij (Fr), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Radij" title="Radij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 88: Radij (Ra), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="1"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinoidi" title="Aktinoidi"><small>↓</small></a></div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Raderfordij" title="Raderfordij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 104: Raderfordij (Rf), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Dubnij" title="Dubnij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 105: Dubnij (Db), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Siborgij" title="Siborgij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 106: Siborgij (Sg), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Borij" title="Borij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 107: Borij (Bh), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hasij" title="Hasij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 108: Hasij (Hs), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Majtnerij" title="Majtnerij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 109: Majtnerij (Mt), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Darm%C5%A1tatij" title="Darmštatij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 110: Darmštatij (Ds), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rendgenij" title="Rendgenij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 111: Rendgenij (Rg), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kopernicij" title="Kopernicij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 112: Kopernicij (Cn), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nihonij" title="Nihonij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 113: Nihonij (Nh), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Flerovij" title="Flerovij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 114: Flerovij (Fl), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Moskovij" title="Moskovij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 115: Moskovij (Mc), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Livermorij" title="Livermorij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 116: Livermorij (Lv), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tenesin" title="Tenesin"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 117: Tenesin (Ts)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 118: Oganeson (Og), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:14px; z-index:2;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi"><small>→</small></a></div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 57: Lantan (La), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cerij" title="Cerij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 58: Cerij (Ce), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Prazeodij" title="Prazeodij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 59: Prazeodij (Pr), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neodij" title="Neodij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 60: Neodij (Nd), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Prometij" title="Prometij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 61: Prometij (Pm), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Samarij" title="Samarij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 62: Samarij (Sm), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Europij" title="Europij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 63: Europij (Eu), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinij" title="Gadolinij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 64: Gadolinij (Gd), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Terbij" title="Terbij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 65: Terbij (Tb), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Disprozij" title="Disprozij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 66: Disprozij (Dy), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Holmij" title="Holmij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 67: Holmij (Ho), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Erbij" title="Erbij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 68: Erbij (Er), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tulij" title="Tulij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 69: Tulij (Tm), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Iterbij" title="Iterbij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 70: Iterbij (Yb), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lutecij" title="Lutecij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 71: Lutecij (Lu), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinoidi" title="Aktinoidi"><small>→</small></a></div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Aktinij" title="Aktinij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 89: Aktinij (Ac), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Torij" title="Torij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 90: Torij (Th), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinij" title="Protaktinij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 91: Protaktinij (Pa), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Uranij" title="Uranij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 92: Uranij (U), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neptunij" title="Neptunij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 93: Neptunij (Np), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Plutonij" title="Plutonij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 94: Plutonij (Pu), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Americij" title="Americij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 95: Americij (Am), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kirij" title="Kirij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 96: Kirij (Cm), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Berkelij" title="Berkelij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 97: Berkelij (Bk), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornij" title="Kalifornij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 98: Kalifornij (Cf), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ajn%C5%A1tajnij" title="Ajnštajnij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 99: Ajnštajnij (Es), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fermij" title="Fermij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 100: Fermij (Fm), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevij" title="Mendelevij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 101: Mendelevij (Md), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nobelij" title="Nobelij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 102: Nobelij (No), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lorensij" title="Lorensij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 103: Lorensij (Lr), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hemijski_element" title="Hemijski element">Hemijski element</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemijski_simbol" title="Hemijski simbol">Simbol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atomski_broj" title="Atomski broj">Atomski broj</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Germanij, Ge, 32</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hemijska_serija" title="Hemijska serija">Serija</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Polumetali</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Grupa_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Grupa periodnog sistema elemenata">Grupa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perioda_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Perioda periodnog sistema elemenata">Perioda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14, 4, <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">p</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Izgled</th><td class="infobox-data">sivo bijel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Zastupljenost</th><td class="infobox-data">5,6 · 10<sup>−4</sup><sup id="cite_ref-binder_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-binder-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> %</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:Peru;">Atomske osobine</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomska_masa" title="Atomska masa">Atomska masa</a></th><td class="infobox-data">72,63<sup id="cite_ref-wieser_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wieser-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jedinica_atomske_mase" title="Jedinica atomske mase">u</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomski_radijus" title="Atomski radijus">Atomski radijus</a> (izračunat)</th><td class="infobox-data">125 (125) pm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kovalentni radijus</th><td class="infobox-data">122 pm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waalsov_radijus" title="Van der Waalsov radijus">Van der Waalsov radijus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">211<sup id="cite_ref-manjera_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manjera-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektronska_konfiguracija" title="Elektronska konfiguracija">Elektronska konfiguracija</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[<a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>] 3d<sup>10</sup>4s<sup>2</sup>4p<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">Broj elektrona</a> u <a href="/wiki/Energetski_nivo" title="Energetski nivo">energetskom nivou</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2, 8, 18, 4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Izlazni_rad" title="Izlazni rad">Izlazni rad</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,0<sup id="cite_ref-ludwig_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ludwig-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt">eV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1. energija ionizacije</th><td class="infobox-data">762 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2. energija ionizacije</th><td class="infobox-data">1537,5 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">3. energija ionizacije</th><td class="infobox-data">3302,1 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">4. energija ionizacije</th><td class="infobox-data">4411 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:Peru;">Fizikalne osobine</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Agregatno_stanje" title="Agregatno stanje">Agregatno stanje</a></th><td class="infobox-data">čvrsto</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohsova_skala_tvrdo%C4%87e" title="Mohsova skala tvrdoće">Mohsova skala tvrdoće</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kristalna_struktura" title="Kristalna struktura">Kristalna struktura</a></th><td class="infobox-data">dijamantna struktura</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća">Gustoća</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5323<sup id="cite_ref-greenwood_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenwood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kg/m<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetizam" title="Magnetizam">Magnetizam</a></th><td class="infobox-data">dijamagnetičan (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \chi _{m}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \chi _{m}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/028c3f2da9e3c445be4515565e4c8954d19ea960" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.13ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \chi _{m}}"></span> = −7,1 · 10<sup>−5</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-lide_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lide-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tali%C5%A1te" title="Talište">Tačka topljenja</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1211,4 K (938,3 <a href="/wiki/Stepen_Celzija" class="mw-redirect" title="Stepen Celzija">°C</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ta%C4%8Dka_klju%C4%8Danja" title="Tačka ključanja">Tačka ključanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3103<sup id="cite_ref-zhang_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhang-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> K (2830 <a href="/wiki/Stepen_Celzija" class="mw-redirect" title="Stepen Celzija">°C</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Molarni_volumen" title="Molarni volumen">Molarni volumen</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13,63 · 10<sup>−6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Toplota_isparavanja" title="Toplota isparavanja">Toplota isparavanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data">330<sup id="cite_ref-zhang_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhang-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Toplota_topljenja" title="Toplota topljenja">Toplota topljenja</a></th><td class="infobox-data">31,8 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pritisak_pare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pritisak pare (stranica ne postoji)">Pritisak pare</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7,46 · 10<sup>−5</sup> <a href="/wiki/Mjere_za_pritisak" title="Mjere za pritisak">Pa</a> pri 1210 K</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Brzina_zvuka" title="Brzina zvuka">Brzina zvuka</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5400 m/s pri 293,15 K</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specifi%C4%8Dna_toplota" title="Specifična toplota">Specifična toplota</a></th><td class="infobox-data">308,3<sup id="cite_ref-binder_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-binder-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> J/(kg · K)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specifi%C4%8Dna_elektri%C4%8Dna_provodljivost" title="Specifična električna provodljivost">Specifična električna provodljivost</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,1 <a href="/wiki/Simens" title="Simens">S</a>/m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Toplotna_provodljivost" title="Toplotna provodljivost">Toplotna provodljivost</a></th><td class="infobox-data">60 W/(m · K)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:Peru;">Hemijske osobine</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Oksidacijsko_stanje" title="Oksidacijsko stanje">Oksidacioni broj</a></th><td class="infobox-data">−4, 2, <b>4</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Oksid" title="Oksid">Oksid</a></th><td class="infobox-data">GeO<sub>2</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektrodni_potencijal" title="Elektrodni potencijal">Elektrodni potencijal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0,247 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a> (Ge<sup>2+</sup> + 2e<sup>−</sup> → Ge)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost">Elektronegativnost</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,01 (Pauling-skala)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:Peru;"><a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">Izotopi</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; white-space: nowrap;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">Izo</a></td> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Rasprostranjenost_u_prirodi" title="Rasprostranjenost u prirodi">RP</a></td> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_poluraspada" title="Vrijeme poluraspada">t<sub>1/2</sub></a></td> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Radioaktivnost" title="Radioaktivnost">RA</a></td> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Energija_raspada" title="Energija raspada">ER</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt">MeV</a>)</small></td> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Produkt_raspada" title="Produkt raspada">PR</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>68</sup>Ge</td> <td nowrap=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Sinteti%C4%8Dki_radioizotopi" title="Sintetički radioizotopi">sin</a> </p> </td> <td> 270,8 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronski_zahvat" title="Elektronski zahvat">ε</a></td> <td>0,106</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Galij" title="Galij"><sup>68</sup>Ga</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>69</sup>Ge</td> <td nowrap=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Sinteti%C4%8Dki_radioizotopi" title="Sintetički radioizotopi">sin</a> </p> </td> <td> 39,05 <a href="/wiki/Sat_(jedinica)" title="Sat (jedinica)">h</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronski_zahvat" title="Elektronski zahvat">ε</a></td> <td>2,227</td> <td><sup>69</sup>Ga</td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>70</sup>Ge</td> <td nowrap=""> <p>21,23 % </p> </td> <td colspan="4"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stabilni_izotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stabilni izotopi (stranica ne postoji)">Stabilan</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>71</sup>Ge</td> <td nowrap=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Sinteti%C4%8Dki_radioizotopi" title="Sintetički radioizotopi">sin</a> </p> </td> <td> 11,43 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronski_zahvat" title="Elektronski zahvat">ε</a></td> <td>0,229</td> <td><sup>71</sup>Ga</td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>72</sup>Ge</td> <td nowrap=""> <p>27,66 % </p> </td> <td colspan="4"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stabilni_izotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stabilni izotopi (stranica ne postoji)">Stabilan</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>73</sup>Ge</td> <td nowrap=""> <p>7,73 % </p> </td> <td colspan="4"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stabilni_izotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stabilni izotopi (stranica ne postoji)">Stabilan</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>74</sup>Ge</td> <td nowrap=""> <p>35,94 % </p> </td> <td colspan="4"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stabilni_izotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stabilni izotopi (stranica ne postoji)">Stabilan</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>76</sup>Ge</td> <td nowrap=""> <p>7,44 % </p> </td> <td> 1,78×10<sup>21</sup> <a href="/wiki/Godina" title="Godina">god</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvostruki_beta_raspad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvostruki beta raspad (stranica ne postoji)">β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup></a></td> <td>2,039</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen"><sup>76</sup>Se</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:Peru;">Sigurnosno obavještenje</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Oznake_upozorenja" class="mw-redirect" title="Oznake upozorenja">Oznake upozorenja</a><br /><b>Prah</b><br /> <table style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; background-color:transparent;" class="nogrid"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;"><div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; width:72px; line-height:1.2em; background-color:transparent; font-weight:bold; padding-bottom:3px;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Hazard_F.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lahko zapaljivo"><img alt="Lahko zapaljivo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/70px-Hazard_F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/105px-Hazard_F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/140px-Hazard_F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </p> F<br /><span style="line-height:1.1em; font-size:80%;">Lahko zapaljivo</span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Obavje%C5%A1tenja_o_riziku_i_sigurnosti" title="Obavještenja o riziku i sigurnosti">Obavještenja o riziku i sigurnosti</a></th><td class="infobox-data">R: <span style="color:#ff7d00; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff7d00;" title="Lahko zapaljivo.">11</span><br />S: <span style="color:#ff7d00; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff7d00;" title="Čuvati posude na dobro prozračenom mjestu.">9</span>-<span style="color:#ff7d00; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff7d00;" title="Čuvati odvojeno od izvora paljenja - zabranjeno pušenje.">16</span>-<span style="color:#ff7d00; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff7d00;" title="Ne izlijevati u kanalizaciju.">29</span>-<span style="color:#ff7d00; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff7d00;" title="Poduzeti mjere protiv pojave statičkog elektriciteta.">33</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><small>Ako je moguće i u upotrebi, koriste se <a href="/wiki/Osnovne_SI_jedinice" title="Osnovne SI jedinice">osnovne SI jedinice</a>.<br />Ako nije drugačije označeno, svi podaci dobijeni su mjerenjima u normalnim uvjetima.</small></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Germanij</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">latinski</a>: <span lang="la"><i>germanium</i></span>) jeste <a href="/wiki/Hemijski_element" title="Hemijski element">hemijski element</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Hemijski_simbol" title="Hemijski simbol">simbolom</a> <b>Ge</b> i <a href="/wiki/Atomski_broj" title="Atomski broj">atomskim brojem</a> 32. On je sjajni, tvrdi, sivo-bijeli <a href="/wiki/Polumetali" title="Polumetali">polumetal</a> iz grupe ugljika, hemijski sličan svojim komšijama iz <a href="/wiki/14._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="14. grupa hemijskih elemenata">IV glavne grupe</a> <a href="/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata">periodnog sistema elemenata</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalaj" title="Kalaj">kalaju</a> i <a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij">siliciju</a>. Čisti elementarni germanij je <a href="/wiki/Poluprovodnik" title="Poluprovodnik">poluprovodnik</a>, izgledom najviše sliči elementarnom siliciju. Poput silicija, germanij vrlo lahko reagira i sa <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisikom</a> iz prirode gradi komplekse. Za razliku od silicija, on je isuviše reaktivan da bi se prirodno našao na Zemlji u svom elementarnom stanju. </p><p>Pošto postoji vrlo mali broj <a href="/wiki/Minerali" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerali">minerala</a> koji ga sadrže u visokim koncentracijama, germanij je otkriven relativno kasno u historiji hemije. Među elementima po rasprostranjenosti u Zemljinoj kori, on se nalazi približno na 50. mjestu. Ruski <a href="/wiki/Hemi%C4%8Dar" title="Hemičar">hemičar</a> <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Mendeljejev" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitrij Ivanovič Mendeljejev">Dmitrij Mendeljejev</a> je 1869. godine predvidio njegovo postojanje i neke od njegovih osobina na osnovu položaja u periodnom sistemu kojeg je Mendeljejev kreirao. Dao mu je ime <i>ekasilicij</i>. Gotovo dvije decenije kasnije, 1886. godine, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clemens_Winkler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clemens Winkler (stranica ne postoji)">Clemens Winkler</a> je otkrio novi element, kao pratioca srebra i sumpora u rijetkom mineralu nazvanom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argirodit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argirodit (stranica ne postoji)">argirodit</a>. Mada je novi element izgledom na neki način imao sličnosti sa <a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">arsenom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">antimonom</a>, njegovi kombinirani odnosi u spojevima novog elementa su bili u saglasnosti sa Mendeljejevijim predviđanjima u odnosu na silicij. Winkler je novom elementu dao ime po imenu svoje domovine, <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">Njemačke</a>. Danas se germanij uglavnom izdvaja iz <a href="/wiki/Sfalerit" title="Sfalerit">sfalerita</a> (osnovne rude cinka), mada se često industrijski izdvaja i iz ruda srebra, olova i bakra. </p><p><i>Metalni</i> germanij (izolirani elementarni) se koristi kao <a href="/wiki/Poluprovodnik" title="Poluprovodnik">poluprovodnik</a> u <a href="/wiki/Tranzistor" title="Tranzistor">tranzistorima</a> i različitim elektronskim uređajima. U prošlosti, cijela generacija prvobitnih elektronskih poluprovodnika je potpuno bila zasnovana na germaniju. Međutim, danas na njegovu proizvodnju u svrhu poluprovodnika otpada vrlo mali udio (2%) umjesto ultra čistog <a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij">silicija</a>, koji je uglavnom zamijenio germanij. U današnje doba, glavni potrošači germanija su sistemi za optička vlakna, optički uređaji za infracrveni dio spektra i aplikacije za solarne ćelije. Spojevi germanija se koriste kao <a href="/wiki/Katalizator" title="Katalizator">katalizatori</a> za reakcije <a href="/wiki/Polimerizacija" title="Polimerizacija">polimerizacije</a> a odnedavno se koriste i za proizvodonju <a href="/wiki/Nanomaterijali" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanomaterijali">nanožica</a>. Ovaj element gradi veliki broj organometalnih spojeva, kao što je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetraetilgermanij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetraetilgermanij (stranica ne postoji)">tetraetilgermanij</a>, vrlo koristan u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organometalna_hemija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organometalna hemija (stranica ne postoji)">organometalnoj hemiji</a>. Germanij se ne smatra da je neophodan element za bilo koji živi organizam. Neki kompleksni organo-germanijevi spojevi su bili istraživani kao mogući preparati u farmaciji, međutim nijedan se nije pokazao uspješnim. Slično kao i <a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij">silicij</a> i <a href="/wiki/Aluminij" title="Aluminij">aluminij</a>, prirodni spojevi germanija su većinom nerastvorljivi u vodi, te stoga nisu isuviše otrovni. Međutim, sintetički dobijene rastvorljive soli germanija su se pokazale da djeluju kao nefrotoksin, dok su vještački, hemijski reaktivni spojevi germanija sa halogenim elementima i vodikom iritirajući i otrovni. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historija">Historija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Historija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Winkler_Clemens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Winkler_Clemens.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="259" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="259" /></a><figcaption>Njemački hemičar Winkler Clemens</figcaption></figure> <p>Kada je objavio svoj <i>periodni zakon hemijskih elemenata</i> 1869. godine, <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">ruski</a> <a href="/wiki/Hemi%C4%8Dar" title="Hemičar">hemičar</a> <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Mendeljejev" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitrij Ivanovič Mendeljejev">Dmitrij Mendeljejev</a> je previdio postojanje nekoliko do tada nepoznatih <a href="/wiki/Hemijski_element" title="Hemijski element">hemijskih elemenata</a>, između ostalih i jednog koji bi popunio prazninu u <a href="/wiki/14._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="14. grupa hemijskih elemenata">grupi ugljika</a> u svojoj tabeli <a href="/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata">periodnog sistema</a>, između <a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij">silicija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kalaj" title="Kalaj">kalaja</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-masanori_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-masanori-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zbog njegovog položaja u periodnoj tabeli, Mendeljejev ga je nazvao <i>ekasilicij</i> (Es), i pretpostavio je njegovu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relativna_atomska_masa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relativna atomska masa (stranica ne postoji)">relativnu atomsku masu</a> od 72. </p><p>Sredinom 1885. godine, u rudniku u blizini saskog grada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freiberg_(Saksonija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freiberg (Saksonija) (stranica ne postoji)">Freiberga</a> otkriven novi <a href="/wiki/Minerali" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerali">mineral</a> koji je dobio ime <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argirodit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argirodit (stranica ne postoji)">argirodit</a> zbog velikog udjela <a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">srebra</a> u njemu. (iz <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Grčki jezik">grčkog</a>, <i>argyrodite</i> u značenju <i>koji sadrži srebro</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-argyrodite2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-argyrodite2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hemičar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clemens_Winkler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clemens Winkler (stranica ne postoji)">Clemens Winkler</a> je analizirao novi mineral za koji se ispostavilo da sadrži kombinaciju srebra, sumpora i jednog novog elementa. Winkleru je uspjelo izolirati ovaj element 1886. godine, utvrdivši da je po nekim osobinama sličan <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">antimonu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winkle2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winkle2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-isolation_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isolation-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prije nego što je Winkler objavio rezultate svog istraživanja o novom elementu, odlučio je da mu dadne ime <i>neptunij</i> u čast tada novootkrivene planete <a href="/wiki/Neptun" title="Neptun">Neptun</a> 1846. godine, a čije postojanje je bilo ranije previđeno i matematički izračunato. Kao što je predviđeno postojanje novog elementa, i postojanje planete Neptun je predviđeno oko 1843. godine od strane dva matematičara <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Couch Adams (stranica ne postoji)">John Couch Adams</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urbain_Le_Verrier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urbain Le Verrier (stranica ne postoji)">Urbain Le Verrier</a>, koristeći matematičke metode nebeske mehanike. Ovo su utvrdili polazeći od činjenice da se nakon detaljnog proučavanja kretanja planete Urana činilo da ga neka sila ili druga planeta <i>ometa</i> u prirodnom kretanju.<sup id="cite_ref-adamsc_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adamsc-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Challis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Challis (stranica ne postoji)">James Challis</a> je započeo traženje za tom planetom u julu 1846. godine i otkrio novu planetu 23. septembra 1846. godine.<sup id="cite_ref-revkch_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revkch-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Međutim, pošto je ime <i>neptunij</i> već bilo dodijeljeno drugom pretpostavljenom hemijskom elementu (mada taj element nije element koji danas nosi ime neptunij, otkriven tek 1940. godine), tako da je Winkler odlučio da novom elementu dadne ime <i>germanij</i> (iz <a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">lat.</a> riječi <i>Germania</i>, Njemačka) u čast svoje domovine.<sup id="cite_ref-isolation_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isolation-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Za mineral argirodit kasnije se iskustveno pokazao da je Ag<sub>8</sub>GeS<sub>6</sub>. </p><p>R. Hermann je 1877. godine objavio svoje otkriće novog elementa koji bi se trebao nalaziti ispod <a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">tantala</a> u periodnom sistemu, kojem je dao ime <i>neptunij</i>, po imenu grčkog božanstva okeana i mora.<sup id="cite_ref-galaxy24_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-galaxy24-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-editorsrec_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-editorsrec-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Međutim ovaj <a href="/wiki/Metal_(hemija)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal (hemija)">metal</a> je kasnije identificiran kao <a href="/wiki/Legura" title="Legura">legura</a> elemenata <a href="/wiki/Niobij" title="Niobij">niobija</a> i tantala.<sup id="cite_ref-multidict_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-multidict-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ime <a href="/wiki/Neptunij" title="Neptunij">neptunij</a> dato je sintetičkom elementu otkrivenom mnogo kasnije koji se nalazio udesno od <a href="/wiki/Uranij" title="Uranij">uranija</a> u periodnom sistemu, a kojeg su otkrili nuklearni fizičari 1940tih godina.<sup id="cite_ref-nobellec_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobellec-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Osobine">Osobine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Osobine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Osobine"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC.jpg/150px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC.jpg/225px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC.jpg/300px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption>Kristalna struktura germanija</figcaption></figure> <p>U standardnim uslovima, germanij je krhki, srebrenasto-bijeli, polumetalni element.<sup id="cite_ref-nbb_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovaj oblik germanija sačinjava <a href="/wiki/Alotropske_modifikacije" title="Alotropske modifikacije">alotropska modifikacija</a>, tehnički poznata kao <i>α-germanij</i>, koji ima metalni sjaj i <a href="/wiki/Kubi%C4%8Dni_kristalni_sistem" title="Kubični kristalni sistem">kubičnu</a> <a href="/wiki/Kristalna_struktura" title="Kristalna struktura">kristalnu strukturu</a>, istu kao i <a href="/wiki/Dijamant" title="Dijamant">dijamant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pri pritisku iznad 120 kbar, formira se različiti alotrop poznat kao <i>β-germanij</i>, koji ima istu strukturu kao i β-<a href="/wiki/Kalaj" title="Kalaj">kalaj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pored <a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij">silicija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galij" title="Galij">galija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut">bizmuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">antimona</a> i <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vode</a>, on je jedna od malobrojnih supstanci koja se širi kada prelazi iz svoje tečne faze u čvrsto stanje.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Germanij je poluprovodnik. Tehnike zonskog rafiniranja su dovele do proizvodnje kristalnog germanija pogodnog za poluprovodnike, u kojem je udio nečistoća najviše 1 naprema 10<sup>10</sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-lanl_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lanl-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> što se smatra jednim od najčistijih materijala ikad proizvedenih.<sup id="cite_ref-darkmat_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-darkmat-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prvi metalni materijal, otkriven 2005. godine, koji je postao superprovodnik u prisustvu izuzetno snažnog <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetno_polje" title="Elektromagnetno polje">elektromagnetnog polja</a> bila je legura germanija sa uranijem i rodijem.<sup id="cite_ref-levy_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levy-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Za čisti germanij je primijećeno da se spontano izdužuje u veoma duge uvijene <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dislokacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dislokacija (stranica ne postoji)">dislokacije</a>. One su jedan od osnovnih razloga zašto se kvare stare diode i tranzistori načinjeni od germanija, a ako se takvi predmeti dodirnu, mogu izazvati i kratki spoj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hemijske">Hemijske</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Hemijske"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Hemijske"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elementarni germanij vrlo sporo oksidira do <a href="/wiki/Germanij-dioksid" title="Germanij-dioksid">GeO<sub>2</sub></a> pri 250 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-krxps_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krxps-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germanij ne otapaju razrijeđene kiseline i baze, ali se sporo otapa u koncentriranoj <a href="/wiki/Sumporna_kiselina" title="Sumporna kiselina">sumpornoj kiselini</a> a burno reagira sa istopljenim <a href="/wiki/Baza_(hemija)" title="Baza (hemija)">bazama</a> dajući germanate (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">[GeO<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2−</sup></span>). Germanij se javlja uglavnom u <a href="/wiki/Oksidacijsko_stanje" title="Oksidacijsko stanje">oksidacijskom stanju</a> +4, mada je poznat veliki broj njegovih spojeva sa oksidacijskim brojem +2.<sup id="cite_ref-greenwood_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenwood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Druga oksidacijska stanja su rijetka, poput +3 koje je dokazano u spoju kao što je Ge<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>, a stanja +3 i +1 su pronađena na površinama oksida,<sup id="cite_ref-xpsstudy_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xpsstudy-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ili negativna oksidacijska stanja u germanatima, kao što je -4 u <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">GeH<sub>4</sub></span>. Klaster anioni germanija (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zintl_faza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zintl faza (stranica ne postoji)">Zintl</a> ioni) poput Ge<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Ge<sub>9</sub><sup>4−</sup>, Ge<sub>9</sub><sup>2−</sup>, [(Ge<sub>9</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>6−</sup> su dobijeni izdvajanjem iz <a href="/wiki/Legura" title="Legura">legura</a> koje sadrže alkalne metale i germanij u tečnom amonijaku u prisustvu <a href="/wiki/Etilendiamin" title="Etilendiamin">etilendiamina</a> ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kriptand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kriptand (stranica ne postoji)">kriptanda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-greenwood_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenwood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coupling_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coupling-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oksidacijska stanja elementa u ovim ionima nisu cijeli broj, slično kao kod spojeva <a href="/wiki/Ozon" title="Ozon">ozona</a> O<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izotopi">Izotopi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Izotopi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Izotopi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Germanij ima pet prirodnih <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotopa</a>: <sup>70</sup>Ge, <sup>72</sup>Ge, <sup>73</sup>Ge, <sup>74</sup>Ge i <sup>76</sup>Ge. Među njima, <sup>76</sup>Ge je vrlo slabo radioaktivan, raspadajući se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvostruki_beta_raspad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvostruki beta raspad (stranica ne postoji)">dvostrukim beta-raspadom</a> sa vremenom poluraspada od 1,78×10<sup>21</sup> godina. </p><p>Izotop <sup>74</sup>Ge je najčešći prirodni izotop germanija, koji ima udio u prirodnom germaniju od oko 36%. Izotop <sup>76</sup>Ge je najmanje zastupljeni izotop u prirodnom germaniju, koji ima udio od oko 7%.<sup id="cite_ref-nubase_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nubase-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ukoliko se bombardira alfa česticama, izotop <sup>72</sup>Ge generiše stabilni izotop <a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">selena</a> <sup>77</sup>Se, otpuštajući tokom tog procesa elektrone visokih energija.<sup id="cite_ref-72Ge_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72Ge-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zbog ovog, koristi se u kombinaciji sa <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">radonom</a> za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomska_baterija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomska baterija (stranica ne postoji)">atomske baterije</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72Ge_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72Ge-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poznato je najmanje 27 radioaktivnih vještačkih izotopa germanija čije se atomske mase kreću od 58 do 89. Među njima, najstabilniji je izotop <sup>68</sup>Ge, raspada se <a href="/wiki/Elektronski_zahvat" title="Elektronski zahvat">elektronskim zahvatom</a> sa vremenom poluraspada od 270,95 dana. Jedan od najnestabilnijih izotopa je <sup>60</sup>Ge čije <a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_poluraspada" title="Vrijeme poluraspada">vrijeme poluraspada</a> iznosi 30 ms. Većina radioaktivnih izotopa germanija se raspada <a href="/wiki/Beta-zraci" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-zraci">beta raspadom</a>, dok se izotopi <sup>61</sup>Ge i <sup>64</sup>Ge raspadaju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emisija_pozitrona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emisija pozitrona (stranica ne postoji)">β<sup>+</sup></a> odloženom emisijom <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nubase_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nubase-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Izotopi od <sup>84</sup>Ge do <sup>87</sup>Ge iskazuju slabiji β<sup>-</sup> raspad odloženom emisijom neutrona.<sup id="cite_ref-nubase_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nubase-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rasprostranjenost">Rasprostranjenost</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Rasprostranjenost"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Rasprostranjenost"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Germanij nastaje u procesu zvjezdane <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nukleosinteza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nukleosinteza (stranica ne postoji)">nukleosinteze</a>, uglavnom u s-procesu u zvijezdama iz asimptotske grane <a href="/wiki/Crveni_div" title="Crveni div">crvenih divova</a>. S-proces je hvatanje sporih <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrona</a> lakših elemenata unutar pulsirajućih zvijezda crvenih divova.<sup id="cite_ref-sterling_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sterling-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germanij je otkriven i u atmosferi Jupitera<sup id="cite_ref-jupiter2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jupiter2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i u nekim vrlo udaljenim zvijezdama.<sup id="cite_ref-nature423_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nature423-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Njegova rasprostranjenost u <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">Zemljinoj kori</a> je približno 1,6 dijelova na milion (ppm; 1,6×10<sup>−4</sup>%).<sup id="cite_ref-Holl_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holl-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poznato je samo nekoliko minerala koji sadrže nešto značajnije količine germanija, kao što su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argirodit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argirodit (stranica ne postoji)">argirodit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Briartit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Briartit (stranica ne postoji)">briartit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanit (stranica ne postoji)">germanit</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renierit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renierit (stranica ne postoji)">renierit</a>, međutim ne postoje isplativi rudni depoziti bilo koji od njih.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lifton_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lifton-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Postoje rude cink-bakar-olova koje sadrže dovoljno germanija da se on može izdvajati iz njihovog finalno obrađenog rudnog koncentrata.<sup id="cite_ref-Holl_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holl-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Moritz_Goldschmidt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Moritz Goldschmidt (stranica ne postoji)">Victor Moritz Goldschmidt</a> je tokom detaljnog ispitivanja depozita germanija otkrio neuobičajeni proces obogaćivanja nekih slojeva <a href="/wiki/Ugalj" title="Ugalj">uglja</a> dobivši veliki udio germanija u njemu.<sup id="cite_ref-Gold1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gold1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gold2_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gold2-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smatra se da je najveća koncentracija germanija ikad pronađena bila u ugljenoj prašini iz engleskog rudnika kod Hartleya, a iznosila je 1,6% germanija.<sup id="cite_ref-Gold1_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gold1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gold2_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gold2-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Procjenjuje se da naslage uglja u blizini kineskog grada <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ilin_hot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šilin hot (stranica ne postoji)">Šilin hota</a>, Unutrašnja Mongolija, sadrže približno 1600 tona germanija.<sup id="cite_ref-Holl_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holl-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dobijanje">Dobijanje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Dobijanje"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Dobijanje"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Renierit.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Renierit.JPG/220px-Renierit.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Renierit.JPG/330px-Renierit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Renierit.JPG/440px-Renierit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Mineral <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renierit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renierit (stranica ne postoji)">renierit</a></figcaption></figure> <p>U 2011. godini u svijetu je proizvedeno oko 118 <a href="/wiki/Tona" title="Tona">tona</a> germanija, najviše u Kini (80 t), Rusiji (5 t) i SAD (3 t).<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Također, germanij se dobija i kao nusproizvod iz <a href="/wiki/Sfalerit" title="Sfalerit">sfalerita</a>, rude <a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink">cinka</a> kada je koncentriran u njoj najmanje 0,3%,<sup id="cite_ref-bernstein_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bernstein-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> naročito iz sedimentnih masivnih <a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink">Zn</a>–<a href="/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo">Pb</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar">Cu</a>(–<a href="/wiki/Barij" title="Barij">Ba</a>) depozita i karbonatnih Zn-Pb depozita. Tačni podaci o svjetskim rezervama Ge nisu dostupni, ali se one u SAD procjenjuju na oko 450 tona.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U 2007. godini, oko 35% ukupne potražnje zadovoljeno je iz recikliranog germanija.<sup id="cite_ref-Holl_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holl-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iako se dobija uglavnom iz <a href="/wiki/Sfalerit" title="Sfalerit">sfalerita</a>, germanij se može naći i u rudama <a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">srebra</a>, olova i bakra. Drugi izvor germanija je pepeo iz termocentrala koje koriste <a href="/wiki/Ugalj" title="Ugalj">ugalj</a> iz određenih naslaga uglja sa velikim koncentracijama germanija. Ovaj izvor germanija se naročito koristi u Rusiji i Kini.<sup id="cite_ref-Naumov_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naumov-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glavni ruski depoziti se nalaze na dalekom istoku Rusije na ostrvu <a href="/wiki/Sahalin" title="Sahalin">Sahalin</a>. Rudnici uglja sjeveroistočno od <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostoka</a> također se koriste kao izvor germanija. Depoziti u Kini su najviše zastupljeni u rudnicima <a href="/wiki/Lignit" title="Lignit">lignita</a> u blizini <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lincang (stranica ne postoji)">Lincanga</a>, u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Junan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junan (stranica ne postoji)">Junanu</a> i rudnicima uglja u blizini <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ilin_hot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šilin hot (stranica ne postoji)">Šilin hota</a>, Unutrašnja Mongolija.<sup id="cite_ref-Holl_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holl-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rudni koncentrati su najvećim dijelom sulfidni; oni prelaze u okside zagrijavanje u prisustvu kisika u <a href="/wiki/Metalurgija" title="Metalurgija">metalurškom</a> procesu prženja: </p> <dl><dd>GeS<sub>2</sub> + 3 O<sub>2</sub> → GeO<sub>2</sub> + 2 SO<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>Tokom ovog procesa dio germanija završi kao prašina, dok se ostatak kovertira u germanate koji otječu iz šljake zajedno sa cinkom djelovanjem sumporne kiseline. Nakon neutralizacije, u rastvoru ostaje samo cink, dok se izdvaja talog koji sadrži germanij i druge metale. Nakon što se cink reducira u talogu putem Waelzovog procesa, preostali Waelzovi oksidi se po drugi put ispiraju. <a href="/wiki/Germanij-dioksid" title="Germanij-dioksid">Germanij-dioksid</a> se dobija kao talog i zatim se pomoću gasnog <a href="/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor">hlora</a> ili hlorovodika prevodi u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij_tetrahlorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanij tetrahlorid (stranica ne postoji)">germanij tetrahlorid</a>, koji ima nešto nižu tačku topljenja i može se izdestilirati:<sup id="cite_ref-Naumov_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naumov-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>GeO<sub>2</sub> + 4 HCl → GeCl<sub>4</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O</dd> <dd>GeO<sub>2</sub> + 2 Cl<sub>2</sub> → GeCl<sub>4</sub> + O<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>Germanij tetrahlorid se hidrolizira do oksida (GeO<sub>2</sub>) ili se pročisti frakcionom destilacijom i zatim hidrolizira.<sup id="cite_ref-Naumov_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naumov-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vrlo čisti GeO<sub>2</sub> je zatim pogodan za proizvodnju germanijevog stakla. Čisti germanij oksid se reducira u reakciji sa <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodikom</a> da bi se dobio germanij pogodan za infracrvenu optiku ili za industriju poluprovodnika: </p> <dl><dd>GeO<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub> → Ge + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl> <div style="float: right; margin: 5px;"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>godina</th> <th>cijena<br />(<a href="/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar" title="Američki dolar">US$</a>/kg)<sup id="cite_ref-commodity_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commodity-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1999.</td> <td>1.400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000.</td> <td>1.250 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001.</td> <td>890 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002.</td> <td>620 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003.</td> <td>380 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004.</td> <td>600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005.</td> <td>660 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006.</td> <td>880 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007.</td> <td>1.240 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008.</td> <td>1.490 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009.</td> <td>950 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>Germanij namijenjen za industriju čelika i druge industrijske procese se najčešće reducira koristeći <a href="/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik">ugljik</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Moska_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moska-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>GeO<sub>2</sub> + C → Ge + CO<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upotreba">Upotreba</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak "Upotreba"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Upotreba"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elektronika">Elektronika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak "Elektronika"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Elektronika"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kao poluprovodnik bio je jedan od osnovnih materijala u elektronici, najviše za proizvodnju <a href="/wiki/Dioda" title="Dioda">dioda</a> i tranzistora, sve dok ga <a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij">silicij</a> nije gotovo u potpunosti potisnuo. Danas se germanij najviše koristi u visokofrekventnoj tehnici (npr. za poluprovodnike legure silicij-germanija) i detektorskoj tehnologiji (npr. kao rendgentski detektor). Za solarne ćelije od <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galij_arsenid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galij arsenid (stranica ne postoji)">galij arsenida</a> (GaAs) koristi se jednim dijelom vafer od germanija kao noseći materijal. Konstanta rešetke germanija je dosta slična kao i kod galij arsenida, tako da GaAs može epitaksijski rasti na germanijskim monokristalima. Godine 2012. je otkriveno da jednoatomni slojevi od germanija i do 10 puta brže provode <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrone</a> od silicija. Stoga bi germanij mogao opet postati zanimljiv kao poluprovodnički materijal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Staklo_i_vlakna">Staklo i vlakna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak "Staklo i vlakna"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Staklo i vlakna"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Njegova druga najvažnija upotreba je u infracrvenoj optici u oblikzu prozora i sistema leća iz polikristalnog ili monokristalnog germanija kao i u optičkim staklima koja propuštaju infracrveno svjetlo, takozvana halkogenidna stakla. Područje upotrebe ovih materijala su, između ostalih, vojni i civilni uređaji za noćno osmatranje kao i toplotne kamere (kamere osjetljive na toplotu). Druga važna područja upotrebe su proizvodnja optičkih vlakana za optičke provodnike i poliesterskih vlakana. U modernim optičkim vlaknima za <a href="/wiki/Telekomunikacije" title="Telekomunikacije">telekomunikacije</a> pomoću germanij tetrahlorida se nanošenjem tankog sloja u gasnoj fazi obogaćuje unutrašnja jezgra optičkog vlakna. Time u njoj nastaje viši <a href="/wiki/Indeks_prelamanja" title="Indeks prelamanja">indeks prelamanja</a> u odnosu na plašt vlakna, čime se ostvaruje provođenje svjetlosnih talasa. U hemiji poliestera germanij-dioksid se upotrebljava kao <a href="/wiki/Katalizator" title="Katalizator">katalizator</a> u proizvodnji određenih poliesterskih vlakana i granulata, naročito za PET boce pogodne za recikliranje. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuklearna_medicina_i_atomska_tehnika">Nuklearna medicina i atomska tehnika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak "Nuklearna medicina i atomska tehnika"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Nuklearna medicina i atomska tehnika"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izotop <sup>68</sup>Ge se koristi u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Generator_galija-68&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Generator galija-68 (stranica ne postoji)">generatorima galija-68</a> kao početni nuklid za proizvodnju izotopa <sup>68</sup><a href="/wiki/Galij" title="Galij">galija</a>. Osim toga taj izotop je našao primjenu kao izvor za kalibriranje detektora za tomografiju emisijom pozitrona.<sup id="cite_ref-eckert_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eckert-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kao vrlo čisti monokristal, germanij se upotrebljava kao detektor zračenja. Kod germanija, za razliku od <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Celik" title="Čelik">čelika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristalna_struktura" title="Kristalna struktura">kristalna struktura</a> se ne može razbiti djelovanjem neutronskog zračenja. On <i>hvata</i> snop neutrona vrlo elastično. Do danas, ovo otkriće nije pronašlo nikakvu značajnu upotrebu u atomskim reaktorima. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U_ishrani">U ishrani</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak "U ishrani"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: U ishrani"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spoj bis(karboksietil)germanijseskvioksid (<i>Ge-132</i>) je sredstvo koje služi kao dodatak u ishrani a upotrebljava se kod cijelog niza bolesti i simptoma uključujući <a href="/wiki/Rak_(bolest)" title="Rak (bolest)">rak</a>, hronični sindrom umora, slabost imuniteta,<sup id="cite_ref-Bundesamt_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bundesamt-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sida" class="mw-redirect" title="Sida">sida</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arterijska_hipertonija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arterijska hipertonija (stranica ne postoji)">visok krvni pritisak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis">artritis</a> i alergiju na prehrambene namirnice. Međutim, pozitivno djelovanje na tok neke od ovih bolesti ni do danas nije naučno dokazano. U skladu sa evropskom direktivom <i>2002/46/EG o usklađivanju zakonskih rješenja zemalja članica o prehrambenim dodacima u ishrani</i>, germanij se ne bi trebao koristiti kao prehrambeni dodatak u ishrani.<sup id="cite_ref-eurlex_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurlex-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U mnogim zemljama <a href="/wiki/Evropska_unija" title="Evropska unija">Evropske unije</a>, nacionalna zakonodavstva su već usklađena s ovom direktivom, tako da se danas u Njemačkoj i Austriji nije dopušteno dodavanje germanija kao mineralnog izvora u dodacima u prehrani. </p><p>Nadležni organi izričito upozoravaju na upotrebu Ge-132 u ishrani, jer se njegovom upotrebom ne mogu isključiti teška oštećenja organizma, a mogući su i <a href="/wiki/Smrt" title="Smrt">smrtni</a> slučaji.<sup id="cite_ref-bfr_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bfr-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-austrwarnt_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-austrwarnt-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spojevi">Spojevi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak "Spojevi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Spojevi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Germane-2D-dimensions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Germane-2D-dimensions.svg/180px-Germane-2D-dimensions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Germane-2D-dimensions.svg/270px-Germane-2D-dimensions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Germane-2D-dimensions.svg/360px-Germane-2D-dimensions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1175" data-file-height="1062" /></a><figcaption>German je strukturno sličan <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metanu</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Poznata su dva oksida germanija: <a href="/wiki/Germanij-dioksid" title="Germanij-dioksid">germanij-dioksid</a> (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">GeO<sub>2</sub></span>, <i>germanija</i>) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij-monoksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanij-monoksid (stranica ne postoji)">germanij-monoksid</a>, (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">GeO</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dioksid, GeO<sub>2</sub> se može dobiti žarenjem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij_disulfid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanij disulfid (stranica ne postoji)">germanij disulfida</a> (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">GeS<sub>2</sub></span>). Dioksid je bijeli prah koji se vrlo slabo rastvorljiv u vodi ali reagira sa alkalijama dajući germanate.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germanij monoksid se može dobiti reakcijom GeO<sub>2</sub> sa metalnim Ge pri visokim temperaturama.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dioksid (i slični oksidi i germanati) pokazuje neobične osobine kao što je neuobičajeno visok <a href="/wiki/Indeks_prelamanja" title="Indeks prelamanja">indeks prelamanja</a> u vidljivom dijelu svjetlosnog spektra, ali je providan u infracrvenom spektru.<sup id="cite_ref-Aggarwal_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aggarwal-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drugoveiko_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugoveiko-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizmut_germanat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bizmut germanat (stranica ne postoji)">Bizmut germanat</a>, Bi<sub>4</sub>Ge<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, (BGO) se koristi kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scintilator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scintilator (stranica ne postoji)">scintilator</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BGO_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BGO-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Binarni spojevi sa drugim halkogenim elementima su također poznati, kao što je disulfid (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">GeS<sub>2</sub></span>), diselenid (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">GeSe<sub>2</sub></span>), monosulfid (GeS), selenid (GeSe) i telurid (GeTe).<sup id="cite_ref-greenwood_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenwood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GeS<sub>2</sub> se izdvaja kao bijeli talog kada se <a href="/wiki/Vodik_sulfid" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodik sulfid">vodik sulfid</a> propusti kroz jako kiseli rastvor koji sadrži Ge(IV).<sup id="cite_ref-greenwood_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenwood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disulfid je znatno rastvorljiv u vodi i u rastvorima kaustičnih baza ili alkalnih sulfida. Međutim, nije rastvorljiv u vodi sa kiselom pH, što je i olakšalo Winkleru otkriće ovog elementa.<sup id="cite_ref-ottoh_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ottoh-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zagrijavanjem disulfida u mlazu <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodika</a>, formira se monosulfid (GeS), koji dalje <a href="/wiki/Sublimacija_(fizika)" title="Sublimacija (fizika)">sublimira</a> u tankim slojevima tamne supstance metalnog sjaja. On je rastvorljiv u rastvorima kaustičnih baza.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nakon topljenja sa alkalnim karbonatima i <a href="/wiki/Sumpor" title="Sumpor">sumporom</a>, spojevi germanija daju soli poznate kao tiogermanati.<sup id="cite_ref-thiogerm_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thiogerm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poznata su četiri tetrahalida germanija. U normalnim uslovima, GeI<sub>4</sub> je u čvrstom stanju, GeF<sub>4</sub> je gas, dok su drugi isparljive tečnosti. Naprimjer, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij_tetrahlorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanij tetrahlorid (stranica ne postoji)">germanij tetrahlorid</a>, GeCl<sub>4</sub>, je izgledom bezbojna isparljiva tečnost sa tačkom ključanja na 83,1 °C, a dobija se zagrijavanjem metala sa hlorom.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sva četiri tetrahalida se lahko hidroliziraju do hidriranog germanij-dioksida.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GeCl<sub>4</sub> se koristi u proizvodnji organogermanijskih spojeva.<sup id="cite_ref-greenwood_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenwood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poznata su i sva četiri dihalida a oni su, za razliku od tetrahalida, polimerne čvrste supstance.<sup id="cite_ref-greenwood_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenwood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pored toga, poznat je i spoj Ge<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub> kao i neki viši spojevi opće formule Ge<sub><i>n</i></sub>Cl<sub>2<i>n</i>+2</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neobični spoj Ge<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>16</sub> izgrađen je tako da sadrži jedinicu Ge<sub>5</sub>Cl<sub>12</sub> sa strukturom <a href="/wiki/Neopentan" title="Neopentan">neopentana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_(spoj)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German (spoj) (stranica ne postoji)">German</a> (GeH<sub>4</sub>) je spoj strukturom sličan <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metanu</a>. Postoje poligermanijski spojevi koji su slični <a href="/wiki/Alkani" title="Alkani">alkanima</a> sa formulom Ge<sub><i>n</i></sub>H<sub>2<i>n</i>+2</sub> a sadrže do pet atoma germanija.<sup id="cite_ref-greenwood_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenwood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germani su općenito manje isparljivi i slabije reaktivni od analognih spojeva silicija.<sup id="cite_ref-greenwood_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenwood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GeH<sub>4</sub> reagiraju sa alkalnim metalima u tečnom <a href="/wiki/Amonijak" title="Amonijak">amonijaku</a> dajući bijeli kristalni MGeH<sub>3</sub> koji sadrži GeH<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> an<a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ione</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-greenwood_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenwood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germanij hidrohalidi sa jednim, dva i tri atoma halogena su bezbojne vrlo reaktivne tečnosti.<sup id="cite_ref-greenwood_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenwood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:NucleophilicAdditionWithOrganogermanium.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/NucleophilicAdditionWithOrganogermanium.png/220px-NucleophilicAdditionWithOrganogermanium.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/NucleophilicAdditionWithOrganogermanium.png/330px-NucleophilicAdditionWithOrganogermanium.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/NucleophilicAdditionWithOrganogermanium.png/440px-NucleophilicAdditionWithOrganogermanium.png 2x" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption>Nukleofilna adicija sa organogermanijskim spojem.</figcaption></figure> <p>Prvi organogermanijski spoj je sintetizirao Winkler 1887. godine. Reakcijom germanij tetrahlorida sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietil_cink&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietil cink (stranica ne postoji)">dietil cinkom</a> dobio je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetraetilgerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetraetilgerman (stranica ne postoji)">tetraetilgerman</a> (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Ge(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Winkle2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winkle2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Organogermanijski spojevi tipa R<sub>4</sub>Ge (gdje je R alkil) kao što su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrametilgerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrametilgerman (stranica ne postoji)">tetrametilgerman</a> (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Ge(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></span>) i tetraetilgerman se mogu dobiti pomoću najjeftinijeg dostupnog spoja germanija <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij_tetrahlorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanij tetrahlorid (stranica ne postoji)">germanij tetrahlorida</a> i alkilnih nukleofila. Hidridi organskih spoeva germanija poput <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izobutilgerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izobutilgerman (stranica ne postoji)">izobutilgermana</a> (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CHCH<sub>2</sub>GeH<sub>3</sub></span>) se smatraju manje opasnim i mogu se koristiti kao tečna zamjena za <a href="/wiki/Otrov" title="Otrov">otrovni</a> gas <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_(spoj)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German (spoj) (stranica ne postoji)">german</a> u poluprovodničkim aplikacijama. Poznati su i mnogi reaktivni međuproizvodi germanija: slobodni radikali germili, germileni (slično karbenima) i germini (analogno karbinima).<sup id="cite_ref-intermed_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intermed-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quane_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quane-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Organogermanijski spoj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propagermanij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propagermanij (stranica ne postoji)">2-karboksietilgermaseskvioksan</a> je prvi put otkriven 1970tih i jedno vrijeme je bio korišten kao dodatak ishrani, a smatrano je da ima neke antikancerogene osobine.<sup id="cite_ref-toxic_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toxic-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Koristeći ligand nazvan eind (1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7-oktaetil-s-hidrindacen-4-il), germanij može graditi dvostruku vezu sa kisikom (germanon).<sup id="cite_ref-broadwith_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-broadwith-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Također_pogledajte"><span id="Tako.C4.91er_pogledajte"></span>Također pogledajte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak "Također pogledajte"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Također pogledajte"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tranzistor" title="Tranzistor">Tranzistor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanij&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-binder-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-binder_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-binder_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3303350">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarry_H._Binder1999" class="citation book cs1">Harry H. Binder (1999). <i>Lexikon der chemischen Elemente</i>. Stuttgart: S. Hirzel Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/3-7776-0736-3" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/3-7776-0736-3"><bdi>3-7776-0736-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lexikon+der+chemischen+Elemente&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pub=S.+Hirzel+Verlag&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=3-7776-0736-3&rft.au=Harry+H.+Binder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wieser-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wieser_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael E. Wieser, Tyler B. 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A. 2009, 113, str. 5806–5812, <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fjp8111556">10.1021/jp8111556</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ludwig-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ludwig_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFLudwig_Bergmann,_Clemens_Schaefer,_Rainer_Kassing2005" class="citation book cs1">Ludwig Bergmann, Clemens Schaefer, Rainer Kassing (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lehrbuchderexper00berg_977"><i>Lehrbuch der Experimentalphysik, Band 6: Festkörper</i></a> (2 izd.). Walter de Gruyter. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lehrbuchderexper00berg_977/page/n377">361</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-3-11-017485-4" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-3-11-017485-4"><bdi>978-3-11-017485-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lehrbuch+der+Experimentalphysik%2C+Band+6%3A+Festk%C3%B6rper&rft.pages=361&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-3-11-017485-4&rft.au=Ludwig+Bergmann%2C+Clemens+Schaefer%2C+Rainer+Kassing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flehrbuchderexper00berg_977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-greenwood-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-greenwood_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenwood_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenwood_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenwood_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenwood_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenwood_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenwood_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenwood_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenwood_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenwood_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenwood_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFN._N._Greenwood;_A._Earnshaw1988" class="citation book cs1">N. 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Weinheim: VCH. str. 482. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/3-527-26169-9" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/3-527-26169-9"><bdi>3-527-26169-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemie+der+Elemente&rft.place=Weinheim&rft.pages=482&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=VCH&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=3-527-26169-9&rft.au=N.+N.+Greenwood%3B+A.+Earnshaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lide-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lide_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_R._Lide_(ur.)2009" class="citation book cs1">David R. Lide (ur.) (2009). "Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crchandbookofche00boca"><i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i></a> (90 izd.). 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Pristupljeno 2. 7. 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+for+the+History+of+Chemistry&rft.atitle=D.+I.+Mendeleev%27s+concept+of+chemical+elements+and+The+Principles+of+Chemistry&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=4-16&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Masanori+Kaji&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scs.uiuc.edu%2F~mainzv%2FHIST%2Fawards%2FOPA%2520Papers%2F2005-Kaji.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-argyrodite2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-argyrodite2_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/argyrodite.pdf">"Argyrodite—<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Ag<sub>8</sub>GeS<sub>6</sub></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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J. Challis (13. 11. 1846). "Account of observations at the Cambridge observatory for detecting the planet exterior to Uranus". <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Blackwell Publishing. <b>7</b>: 145–149.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Notices+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=Account+of+observations+at+the+Cambridge+observatory+for+detecting+the+planet+exterior+to+Uranus&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=145-149&rft.date=1846-11-13&rft.au=Rev.+J.+Challis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-galaxy24-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-galaxy24_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Sears1877" class="citation journal cs1">Robert Sears (1. 7. 1877). "Scientific Miscellany". <i>The Galaxy; Siebert & Lilley</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Galaxy%3B+Siebert+%26amp%3B+Lilley&rft.atitle=Scientific+Miscellany&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=131&rft.date=1877-07-01&rft.au=Robert+Sears&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/0-665-50166-8" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/0-665-50166-8">0-665-50166-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-editorsrec-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-editorsrec_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/moa-cgi?notisid=ABK4014-0055-21">"Editor's Scientific Record"</a>. <i>Harper's new monthly magazine</i>. <b>55</b> (325): 152–153. 1. 6. 1877.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harper%27s+new+monthly+magazine&rft.atitle=Editor%27s+Scientific+Record&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=325&rft.pages=152-153&rft.date=1877-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdl.library.cornell.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fmoa%2Fmoa-cgi%3Fnotisid%3DABK4014-0055-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-multidict-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-multidict_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_van_der_Krogt" class="citation web cs1">Peter van der Krogt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Nb">"Elementymology & Elements Multidict: Niobium"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 20. 8. 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elementymology+%26+Elements+Multidict%3A+Niobium&rft.au=Peter+van+der+Krogt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felements.vanderkrogt.net%2Felement.php%3Fsym%3DNb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobellec-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nobellec_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFA._Westgren1964" class="citation book cs1">A. Westgren (1964). "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951: presentation speech". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1951/press.html"><i>Nobel Lectures, Chemistry 1942–1962</i></a>. Elsevier.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+1951%3A+presentation+speech&rft.btitle=Nobel+Lectures%2C+Chemistry+1942%E2%80%931962&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=1964&rft.au=A.+Westgren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1951%2Fpress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbb-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nbb_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFEmsley_John2001" class="citation book cs1">Emsley John (2001). <i>Nature's Building Blocks</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. str. 506–510. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/0-19-850341-5" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/0-19-850341-5"><bdi>0-19-850341-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=506-510&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-850341-5&rft.au=Emsley+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usgs-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usgs_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usgs_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usgs_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usgs_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Geological_Survey2008" class="citation journal cs1">U.S. Geological Survey (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/germanium/">"Germanium—Statistics and Information"</a>. <i>U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 28. 8. 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Geological+Survey%2C+Mineral+Commodity+Summaries&rft.atitle=Germanium%E2%80%94Statistics+and+Information&rft.date=2008&rft.au=U.S.+Geological+Survey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fgermanium%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HollemanAF-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFHolleman_A._F.;_Wiberg,_E.;_Wiberg,_N.2007" class="citation book cs1">Holleman A. F.; Wiberg, E.; Wiberg, N. (2007). <i>Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</i> (102 izd.). de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-3-11-017770-1" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-3-11-017770-1"><bdi>978-3-11-017770-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lehrbuch+der+Anorganischen+Chemie&rft.edition=102&rft.pub=de+Gruyter&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-11-017770-1&rft.au=Holleman+A.+F.%3B+Wiberg%2C+E.%3B+Wiberg%2C+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lanl-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lanl_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/32.shtml">"Germanium"</a>. Los Alamos National Laboratory<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 28. 8. 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germanium&rft.pub=Los+Alamos+National+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperiodic.lanl.gov%2F32.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-darkmat-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-darkmat_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFChardin,_B._Binetruy,_B_(ur.)2001" class="citation book cs1">Chardin, B. Binetruy, B (ur.) (2001). "Dark Matter: Direct Detection". <i>The Primordial Universe: 28 June – 23 July 1999</i>. Springer. str. 308. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/3-540-41046-5" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/3-540-41046-5"><bdi>3-540-41046-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dark+Matter%3A+Direct+Detection&rft.btitle=The+Primordial+Universe%3A+28+June+%E2%80%93+23+July+1999&rft.pages=308&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=3-540-41046-5&rft.au=Chardin%2C+B.+Binetruy%2C+B+%28ur.%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-levy-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-levy_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFLévy_F.;_Sheikin,_I.;_Grenier,_B.;_Huxley,_Ad.2005" class="citation journal cs1">Lévy F.; Sheikin, I.; Grenier, B.; Huxley, Ad. (1. 8. 2005). "Magnetic field-induced superconductivity in the ferromagnet URhGe". <i>Science</i>. <b>309</b> (5739): 1343–1346.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Magnetic+field-induced+superconductivity+in+the+ferromagnet+URhGe&rft.volume=309&rft.issue=5739&rft.pages=1343-1346&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.au=L%C3%A9vy+F.%3B+Sheikin%2C+I.%3B+Grenier%2C+B.%3B+Huxley%2C+Ad.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-krxps-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-krxps_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFTabet,_N;_Salim_Mushtaq_A.1998" class="citation journal cs1">Tabet, N; Salim Mushtaq A. (1998). "KRXPS study of the oxidation of Ge(001) surface". <i>Applied Surface Science</i>. <b>134</b> (1–4): 275.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Surface+Science&rft.atitle=KRXPS+study+of+the+oxidation+of+Ge%28001%29+surface&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=1%E2%80%934&rft.pages=275&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Tabet%2C+N%3B+Salim+Mushtaq+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span> <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0169-4332%2898%2900251-7">10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00251-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xpsstudy-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xpsstudy_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFTabet,_N;_A.L_Al-Oteibi;_M.A_Salim1999" class="citation journal cs1">Tabet, N; A.L Al-Oteibi; M.A Salim (1999). "XPS study of the growth kinetics of thin films obtained by thermal oxidation of germanium substrates". <i>Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena</i>. 101–103: 233.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Electron+Spectroscopy+and+Related+Phenomena&rft.atitle=XPS+study+of+the+growth+kinetics+of+thin+films+obtained+by+thermal+oxidation+of+germanium+substrates&rft.volume=101%E2%80%93103&rft.pages=233&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Tabet%2C+N%3B+A.L+Al-Oteibi%3B+M.A+Salim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Referenca sadrži prazan nepoznati parametar: <code class="cs1-code">|1=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomo%C4%87:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomoć:CS1 greške (stranica ne postoji)">pomoć</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coupling-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coupling_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFLi_Xu;_Sevov_Slavi_C.1999" class="citation journal cs1">Li Xu; Sevov Slavi C. (1999). "Oxidative Coupling of Deltahedral [Ge<sub>9</sub>]<sup>4−</sup> Zintl Ions". <i>J. Am. Chem. Soc</i>. <b>121</b> (39): 9245–9246.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Am.+Chem.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Oxidative+Coupling+of+Deltahedral+%5BGe%3Csub%3E9%3C%2Fsub%3E%5D%3Csup%3E4%E2%88%92%3C%2Fsup%3E+Zintl+Ions&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=39&rft.pages=9245-9246&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Li+Xu%3B+Sevov+Slavi+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span> <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fja992269s">10.1021/ja992269s</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nubase-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nubase_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nubase_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nubase_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFAudi_G.;_Bersillon_O.;_Blachot_J.;_Wapstra_A.H.2003" class="citation journal cs1">Audi G.; Bersillon O.; Blachot J.; Wapstra A.H. (2003). "Nubase2003 Evaluation of Nuclear and Decay Properties". <i>Nuclear Physics A</i>. Atomic Mass Data Center. <b>729</b> (1): 3–128. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+A&rft.atitle=Nubase2003+Evaluation+of+Nuclear+and+Decay+Properties&rft.volume=729&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-128&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&rft.au=Audi+G.%3B+Bersillon+O.%3B+Blachot+J.%3B+Wapstra+A.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72Ge-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-72Ge_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-72Ge_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perreault, Bruce A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/patents/US7800286">"Alpha Fusion Electrical Energy Valve"</a>, SAD patent 7800286, izdan 21.9.2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012103442/http://www.nuenergy.org/disclosures/AlphaFusionPatent_05-04-2007.pdf">PDF</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sterling-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sterling_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFN._C._Sterling;_Dinerstein,_Harriet_L.;_Bowers,_Charles_W.2002" class="citation journal cs1">N. C. Sterling; Dinerstein, Harriet L.; Bowers, Charles W. (2002). "Discovery of Enhanced Germanium Abundances in Planetary Nebulae with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer". <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. <b>578</b> (1): L55–L58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F344473">10.1086/344473</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal+Letters&rft.atitle=Discovery+of+Enhanced+Germanium+Abundances+in+Planetary+Nebulae+with+the+Far+Ultraviolet+Spectroscopic+Explorer&rft.volume=578&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=L55-L58&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F344473&rft.au=N.+C.+Sterling%3B+Dinerstein%2C+Harriet+L.%3B+Bowers%2C+Charles+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jupiter2-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jupiter2_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFKunde_V.;_Hanel,_R.;_Maguire,_W.;_Gautier,_D.;_Baluteau,_J._P.;_Marten,_A.;_Chedin,_A.;_Husson,_N.;_Scott,_N.1982" class="citation journal cs1">Kunde V.; Hanel, R.; Maguire, W.; Gautier, D.; Baluteau, J. 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"The tropospheric gas composition of Jupiter's north equatorial belt /NH<sub>3</sub>, PH<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>3</sub>D, GeH<sub>4</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O/ and the Jovian D/H isotopic ratio". <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>263</b>: 443–467. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F160516">10.1086/160516</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+tropospheric+gas+composition+of+Jupiter%27s+north+equatorial+belt+%2FNH%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3E%2C+PH%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3E%2C+CH%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3ED%2C+GeH%3Csub%3E4%3C%2Fsub%3E%2C+H%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EO%2F+and+the+Jovian+D%2FH+isotopic+ratio&rft.volume=263&rft.pages=443-467&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F160516&rft.au=Kunde+V.%3B+Hanel%2C+R.%3B+Maguire%2C+W.%3B+Gautier%2C+D.%3B+Baluteau%2C+J.+P.%3B+Marten%2C+A.%3B+Chedin%2C+A.%3B+Husson%2C+N.%3B+Scott%2C+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nature423-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nature423_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFCowan_John2003" class="citation journal cs1">Cowan John (1. 5. 2003). 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"Infrared Transparent Germanate Glass-Ceramics". <i>Journal of the American Ceramic Society</i>. <b>85</b> (12): 3114–3116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1151-2916.2002.tb00594.x">10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00594.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Ceramic+Society&rft.atitle=Infrared+Transparent+Germanate+Glass-Ceramics&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=3114-3116&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1151-2916.2002.tb00594.x&rft.au=Shyam+S.%3B+Sanghera%2C+Jasbinder+S.%3B+Aggarwal%2C+Ishwar+D.%3B+Wojcik%2C+Joshua+A.+Bayya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-drugoveiko-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-drugoveiko_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFDrugoveiko_O._P.;_Evstrop'ev,_K._K.;_Kondrat'eva,_B._S.;_Petrov,_Yu._A.;_Shevyakov_A._M.1975" class="citation journal cs1">Drugoveiko O. P.; Evstrop'ev, K. K.; Kondrat'eva, B. S.; Petrov, Yu. A.; Shevyakov A. M. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-applied-spectroscopy_1975-02_22_2/page/191">"Infrared reflectance and transmission spectra of germanium dioxide and its hydrolysis products"</a>. <i>Journal of Applied Spectroscopy</i>. <b>22</b> (2): 191. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00614256">10.1007/BF00614256</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Spectroscopy&rft.atitle=Infrared+reflectance+and+transmission+spectra+of+germanium+dioxide+and+its+hydrolysis+products&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=191&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00614256&rft.au=Drugoveiko+O.+P.%3B+Evstrop%27ev%2C+K.+K.%3B+Kondrat%27eva%2C+B.+S.%3B+Petrov%2C+Yu.+A.%3B+Shevyakov+A.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-applied-spectroscopy_1975-02_22_2%2Fpage%2F191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BGO-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BGO_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFLightstone_A._W.;_McIntyre,_R._J.;_Lecomte,_R.;_Schmitt,_D.1986" class="citation journal cs1">Lightstone A. W.; McIntyre, R. J.; Lecomte, R.; Schmitt, D. (1986). "A Bismuth Germanate-Avalanche Photodiode Module Designed for Use in High Resolution Positron Emission Tomography". <i>IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science</i>. <b>33</b> (1): 456–459. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTNS.1986.4337142">10.1109/TNS.1986.4337142</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Nuclear+Science&rft.atitle=A+Bismuth+Germanate-Avalanche+Photodiode+Module+Designed+for+Use+in+High+Resolution+Positron+Emission+Tomography&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=456-459&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FTNS.1986.4337142&rft.au=Lightstone+A.+W.%3B+McIntyre%2C+R.+J.%3B+Lecomte%2C+R.%3B+Schmitt%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ottoh-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ottoh_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFOtto_H._Johnson1952" class="citation journal cs1">Otto H. 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Rev</i>. <b>3</b> (3): 431. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcr60160a002">10.1021/cr60160a002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chem.+Rev.&rft.atitle=Germanium+and+its+Inorganic+Compounds&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=431&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcr60160a002&rft.au=Otto+H.+Johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thiogerm-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thiogerm_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFFröba_Michael;_Oberender,_Nadine1997" class="citation journal cs1">Fröba Michael; Oberender, Nadine (1997). "First synthesis of mesostructured thiogermanates". <i>Chemical Communications</i> (18): 1729. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2Fa703634e">10.1039/a703634e</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Communications&rft.atitle=First+synthesis+of+mesostructured+thiogermanates&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=1729&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fa703634e&rft.au=Fr%C3%B6ba+Michael%3B+Oberender%2C+Nadine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raman-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Raman_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFBeattie_I.R.;_Jones,_P.J.;_Reid,_G.;_Webster,_M.;1998" class="citation journal cs1">Beattie I.R.; Jones, P.J.; Reid, G.; Webster, M.; (1998). "The Crystal Structure and Raman Spectrum of Ge<sub>5</sub>Cl<sub>12</sub>·GeCl<sub>4</sub> and the Vibrational Spectrum of Ge<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>". <i>Inorg. Chem</i>. <b>37</b> (23): 6032–6034. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fic9807341">10.1021/ic9807341</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inorg.+Chem.&rft.atitle=The+Crystal+Structure+and+Raman+Spectrum+of+Ge%3Csub%3E5%3C%2Fsub%3ECl%3Csub%3E12%3C%2Fsub%3E%C2%B7GeCl%3Csub%3E4%3C%2Fsub%3E+and+the+Vibrational+Spectrum+of+Ge%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3ECl%3Csub%3E6%3C%2Fsub%3E&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=6032-6034&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fic9807341&rft.au=Beattie+I.R.%3B+Jones%2C+P.J.%3B+Reid%2C+G.%3B+Webster%2C+M.%3B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: dodatna interpunkcija (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_dodatna_interpunkcija" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: dodatna interpunkcija">link</a>) CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-intermed-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-intermed_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Satge1984" class="citation journal cs1">Jacques Satge (1984). 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Chem</i>. <b>56</b> (1): 137–150. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac198456010137">10.1351/pac198456010137</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+%26+Appl.+Chem.&rft.atitle=Reactive+intermediates+in+organogermanium+chemistry&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=137-150&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fpac198456010137&rft.au=Jacques+Satge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quane-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-quane_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFDenis_Quane;_Bottei,_Rudolph_S.1963" class="citation journal cs1">Denis Quane; Bottei, Rudolph S. (1963). "Organogermanium Chemistry". <i>Chemical Reviews</i>. <b>63</b> (4): 403–442. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcr60224a004">10.1021/cr60224a004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Reviews&rft.atitle=Organogermanium+Chemistry&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=403-442&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcr60224a004&rft.au=Denis+Quane%3B+Bottei%2C+Rudolph+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toxic-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toxic_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFTao_S._H.;_Bolger,_P._M.1997" class="citation journal cs1">Tao S. 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id="cite_note-broadwith-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-broadwith_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFBroadwith_Phillip2012" class="citation news cs1">Broadwith Phillip (25. 3. 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2012/March/germanone-germanium-oxygen-double-bond-created.asp">"Germanium-oxygen double bond takes centre stage"</a>. <i>Chemistry World</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+World&rft.atitle=Germanium-oxygen+double+bond+takes+centre+stage&rft.date=2012-03-25&rft.au=Broadwith+Phillip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2Fchemistryworld%2FNews%2F2012%2FMarch%2Fgermanone-germanium-oxygen-double-bond-created.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGermanij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> 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<td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD; width:25px"><a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Litij" title="Litij">Li</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Berilij" title="Berilij">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)">B</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik">C</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">N</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">O</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Natrij" title="Natrij">Na</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Aluminij" title="Aluminij">Al</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij">Si</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Sumpor" title="Sumpor">S</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij">K</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Kalcij" title="Kalcij">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Skandij" title="Skandij">Sc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Titanij" title="Titanij">Ti</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vanadij" title="Vanadij">V</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">Fe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Nikl" title="Nikl">Ni</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar">Cu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Galij" title="Galij">Ga</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ge</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Rubidij" title="Rubidij">Rb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Stroncij" title="Stroncij">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Itrij" title="Itrij">Y</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cirkonij" title="Cirkonij">Zr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Niobij" title="Niobij">Nb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden">Mo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tehnecij" title="Tehnecij">Tc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rutenij" title="Rutenij">Ru</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rodij" title="Rodij">Rh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Paladij" title="Paladij">Pd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">Ag</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kadmij" title="Kadmij">Cd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Indij" title="Indij">In</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Kalaj" title="Kalaj">Sn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur">Te</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Ksenon" title="Ksenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Cezij" title="Cezij">Cs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Barij" title="Barij">Ba</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">La</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Cerij" title="Cerij">Ce</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Prazeodij" title="Prazeodij">Pr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Neodij" title="Neodij">Nd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Prometij" title="Prometij">Pm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Samarij" title="Samarij">Sm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Europij" title="Europij">Eu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinij" title="Gadolinij">Gd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Terbij" title="Terbij">Tb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Disprozij" title="Disprozij">Dy</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Holmij" title="Holmij">Ho</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Erbij" title="Erbij">Er</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Tulij" title="Tulij">Tm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Iterbij" title="Iterbij">Yb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Lutecij" title="Lutecij">Lu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hafnij" title="Hafnij">Hf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram">W</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Renij" title="Renij">Re</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Osmij" title="Osmij">Os</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Iridij" title="Iridij">Ir</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">Au</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa">Hg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Talij" title="Talij">Tl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo">Pb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut">Bi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Polonij" title="Polonij">Po</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Francij" title="Francij">Fr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Radij" title="Radij">Ra</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Aktinij" title="Aktinij">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Torij" title="Torij">Th</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinij" title="Protaktinij">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Uranij" title="Uranij">U</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Neptunij" title="Neptunij">Np</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Plutonij" title="Plutonij">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Americij" title="Americij">Am</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Kirij" title="Kirij">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Berkelij" title="Berkelij">Bk</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornij" title="Kalifornij">Cf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Ajn%C5%A1tajnij" title="Ajnštajnij">Es</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Fermij" title="Fermij">Fm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevij" title="Mendelevij">Md</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Nobelij" title="Nobelij">No</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Lorensij" title="Lorensij">Lr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Raderfordij" title="Raderfordij">Rf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dubnij" title="Dubnij">Db</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Siborgij" title="Siborgij">Sg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Borij" title="Borij">Bh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hasij" title="Hasij">Hs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Majtnerij" title="Majtnerij">Mt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Darm%C5%A1tatij" title="Darmštatij">Ds</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rendgenij" title="Rendgenij">Rg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kopernicij" title="Kopernicij">Cn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Nihonij" title="Nihonij">Nh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Flerovij" title="Flerovij">Fl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Moskovij" title="Moskovij">Mc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Livermorij" title="Livermorij">Lv</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Tenesin" title="Tenesin">Ts</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ununenij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ununenij (stranica ne postoji)">Uue</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unbinilij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unbinilij (stranica ne postoji)">Ubn</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Preuzeto iz "<a dir="ltr" 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