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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Isi Kandungan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Komputer kuantum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 60 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwantumrekenaar" title="Kwantumrekenaar – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kwantumrekenaar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantencomputer" title="Quantencomputer – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Quantencomputer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%83%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A" title="حاسوب كمومي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حاسوب كمومي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvant_komp%C3%BCteri" title="Kvant kompüteri – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kvant kompüteri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer_kuantum" title="Komputer kuantum – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Komputer kuantum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="কোয়ান্টাম পরিগণনা – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোয়ান্টাম পরিগণনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantni_ra%C4%8Dunar" title="Kvantni računar – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kvantni računar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Квантов компютър – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Квантов компютър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinador_qu%C3%A0ntic" title="Ordinador quàntic – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ordinador quàntic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Квантла компьютер – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Квантла компьютер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantov%C3%BD_po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8D" title="Kvantový počítač – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kvantový počítač" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantecomputer" title="Kvantecomputer – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kvantecomputer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantencomputer" title="Quantencomputer – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quantencomputer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantarvuti" title="Kvantarvuti – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kvantarvuti" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Κβαντικός υπολογιστής – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κβαντικός υπολογιστής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computer" title="Quantum computer – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Quantum computer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computadora_cu%C3%A1ntica" title="Computadora cuántica – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Computadora cuántica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantumkomputilo" title="Kvantumkomputilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kvantumkomputilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konputagailu_kuantiko" title="Konputagailu kuantiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konputagailu kuantiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinateur_quantique" title="Ordinateur quantique – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordinateur quantique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwantumkompj%C3%BBter" title="Kwantumkompjûter – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kwantumkompjûter" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADomhaire_candamach" title="Ríomhaire candamach – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ríomhaire candamach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90_%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0" title="양자 컴퓨터 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="양자 컴퓨터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Քվանտային համակարգիչ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քվանտային համակարգիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="क्वाण्टम कम्प्यूटर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्वाण्टम कम्प्यूटर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantno_ra%C4%8Dunalo" title="Kvantno računalo – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kvantno računalo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_quantistico" title="Computer quantistico – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Computer quantistico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99" title="מחשב קוונטי – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחשב קוונטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಕ್ವಾಂಟಮ್ ಗಣಕಯಂತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ವಾಂಟಮ್ ಗಣಕಯಂತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="კვანტური კომპიუტერი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კვანტური კომპიუტერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantu_dators" title="Kvantu dators – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kvantu dators" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantinis_kompiuteris" title="Kvantinis kompiuteris – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kvantinis kompiuteris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantumsz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt%C3%B3g%C3%A9p" title="Kvantumszámítógép – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kvantumszámítógép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="ക്വാണ്ടം കമ്പ്യൂട്ടിങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്വാണ്ടം കമ്പ്യൂട്ടിങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompjuter_kwantistiku" title="Kompjuter kwantistiku – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kompjuter kwantistiku" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwantumcomputer" title="Kwantumcomputer – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kwantumcomputer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF" title="量子コンピュータ – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="量子コンピュータ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantedatamaskin" title="Kvantedatamaskin – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kvantedatamaskin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%AE_%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97" title="କ୍ୱାଣ୍ଟମ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟିଙ୍ଗ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କ୍ୱାଣ୍ଟମ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟିଙ୍ଗ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvant_kompyuterlari" title="Kvant kompyuterlari – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kvant kompyuterlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਕੁਆਂਟਮ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਿੰਗ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੁਆਂਟਮ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਿੰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer_kwantowy" title="Komputer kwantowy – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komputer kwantowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computador_qu%C3%A2ntico" title="Computador quântico – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Computador quântico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculator_cuantic" title="Calculator cuantic – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calculator cuantic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Квантовый компьютер – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Квантовый компьютер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompjuteri_kuantik" title="Kompjuteri kuantik – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kompjuteri kuantik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computer" title="Quantum computer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Quantum computer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantov%C3%BD_po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8D" title="Kvantový počítač – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kvantový počítač" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantni_ra%C4%8Dunalnik" title="Kvantni računalnik – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kvantni računalnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Квантни рачунар – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Квантни рачунар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantni_kompjuter" title="Kvantni kompjuter – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kvantni kompjuter" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvanttitietokone" title="Kvanttitietokone – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kvanttitietokone" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantdator" title="Kvantdator – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kvantdator" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_t%C3%ADnh_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Máy tính lượng tử – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Máy tính lượng tử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D3%A3" title="Компютери квантӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Компютери квантӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuantum_bilgisayar%C4%B1" title="Kuantum bilgisayarı – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuantum bilgisayarı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%27%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Квантовий комп'ютер – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Квантовий комп'ютер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="量子计算机 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="量子计算机" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F" title="量子運算機 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="量子運算機" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="量子计算机 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="量子计算机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bloch_Sphere.svg/220px-Bloch_Sphere.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bloch_Sphere.svg/330px-Bloch_Sphere.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bloch_Sphere.svg/440px-Bloch_Sphere.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="163" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption>Lingkaran Bloch ialah perwakilan dari <a href="/wiki/Qubit" title="Qubit">qubit</a>, blok bangunan asas bagi komputer kuantum.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pengkomputeran kuantum</b> adalah <a href="/wiki/Pengkomputeran" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengkomputeran">pengkomputeran</a> menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Fenomena" title="Fenomena">fenomena</a> <a href="/wiki/Mekanik_kuantum" title="Mekanik kuantum">mekanik kuantum</a>, seperti tindihan dan kelemahan.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Komputer kuantum</b> ialah peranti yang melakukan pengkomputeran kuantum. Komputer semacam itu sama sekali berbeza dengan komputer elektronik digital <a href="/wiki/Sistem_angka_perduaan" title="Sistem angka perduaan">binari</a> berdasarkan <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistor</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pemuat" title="Pemuat">kapasitor</a>. Sedangkan pengkomputeran digital biasa menghendaki data dikodkan ke dalam digit biner (<a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bit</a>), yang masing-masing selalu berada dalam salah satu daripada dua keadaan tertentu (0 atau 1), pengiraan <a href="/wiki/Qubit" title="Qubit">kuantum</a> menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Qubit" title="Qubit">bit kuantum</a> atau qubit, yang dapat berada di superposisi negara. Mesin Turing kuantum adalah model teori komputer seperti itu dan juga dikenali sebagai komputer kuantum sejagat. Bidang pengkomputeran kuantum dimulakan oleh karya Paul Benioff<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan Yuri Manin pada tahun 1980,<sup id="cite_ref-manin1980vychislimoe_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manin1980vychislimoe-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a> pada tahun 1982, <sup id="cite_ref-Feynman82_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feynman82-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan David Deutsch pada tahun 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sehingga 2018, perkembangan komputer kuantum sebenarnya masih di peringkat awal, tetapi eksperimen telah dijalankan di mana operasi pengkomputeran kuantum dilaksanakan dengan bilangan kuantum yang sangat kecil.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kedua-dua penyelidikan praktikal dan teori berterusan, dan banyak kerajaan negara dan agensi ketenteraan membiayai penyelidikan pengkomputeran kuantum dalam usaha tambahan untuk mengembangkan <a href="/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer">komputer</a> kuantum untuk tujuan awam, perniagaan, perdagangan, alam sekitar dan kebangsaan, seperti <a href="/wiki/Kriptoanalisis" title="Kriptoanalisis">cryptanalysis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peranti bising dengan sebilangan kecil qubit, juga dikenali sebagai alat kuantum menengah (NISQ) bising oleh John Preskill,<sup id="cite_ref-Preskill2018_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preskill2018-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> telah dibangunkan oleh beberapa syarikat, termasuk <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel_Corporation" title="Intel Corporation">Intel</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> telah membuat peranti pengkomputeran kuantum 5-qubit dan 16-qubit yang tersedia kepada orang awam untuk eksperimen melalui awan pada Pengalaman Q IBM. Sistem D-Wave telah mengembangkan versi komputer kuantum mereka sendiri yang menggunakan penyepuhlindapan.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Komputer kuantum berskala besar secara teorinya dapat menyelesaikan masalah-masalah tertentu dengan lebih cepat daripada mana-mana komputer klasik yang menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Algoritma" title="Algoritma">algoritma</a> yang paling baik pada masa ini, seperti penaksir integer menggunakan algoritma Shor (iaitu algoritma kuantum) dan simulasi kuantum banyak badan sistem. Terdapat algoritma kuantum, seperti algoritma Simon, yang berjalan lebih cepat daripada apa-apa kemungkinan algoritma klasik probabilistik.<sup id="cite_ref-Simon1994_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simon1994-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Komputer klasik boleh secara prinsip (dengan sumber eksponen) meniru algoritma kuantum, kerana pengiraan kuantum tidak melanggar tesis Gereja-Turing. Sebaliknya, komputer kuantum mungkin dapat menyelesaikan masalah yang tidak <i>praktikal</i> pada komputer klasik. </p><p>Kajian baru-baru ini oleh Mikhail Dyakonov dalam IEEE Spectrum<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> berpendapat bahawa komputer kuantum praktikal tidak mungkin dilaksanakan. Beliau berkata: "Terdapat jurang yang besar antara eksperimen asas tetapi sangat keras yang telah dijalankan dengan beberapa qubit dan teori pengkomputeran kuantum yang sangat maju, yang bergantung kepada memanipulasi beribu-ribu hingga berjuta-juta qubit untuk mengira apa-apa yang berguna. Jurang itu tidak mungkin ditutup tidak lama lagi." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komputer_kuantum&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komputer_kuantum&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6415981">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6405196">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFGershenfeldChuang1998" class="citation journal cs1">Gershenfeld, Neil; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_L._Chuang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaac L. Chuang (laman tidak wujud)">Chuang, Isaac L.</a> (June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cba.mit.edu/docs/papers/98.06.sciqc.pdf">"Quantum Computing with Molecules"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Quantum+Computing+with+Molecules&rft.date=1998-06&rft.aulast=Gershenfeld&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.au=Chuang%2C+Isaac+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcba.mit.edu%2Fdocs%2Fpapers%2F98.06.sciqc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKomputer+kuantum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFBenioff1980" class="citation journal cs1">Benioff, Paul (1980). "The computer as a physical system: A microscopic quantum mechanical Hamiltonian model of computers as represented by Turing machines". <i>Journal of Statistical Physics</i>. <b>22</b> (5): 563–591. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980JSP....22..563B">1980JSP....22..563B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01011339">10.1007/BF01011339</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Statistical+Physics&rft.atitle=The+computer+as+a+physical+system%3A+A+microscopic+quantum+mechanical+Hamiltonian+model+of+computers+as+represented+by+Turing+machines&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=563-591&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01011339&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1980JSP....22..563B&rft.aulast=Benioff&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKomputer+kuantum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-manin1980vychislimoe-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-manin1980vychislimoe_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFManin,_Yu._I.1980" class="citation book cs1">Manin, Yu. I. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510173823/http://publ.lib.ru/ARCHIVES/M/MANIN_Yuriy_Ivanovich/Manin_Yu.I._Vychislimoe_i_nevychislimoe.(1980).%5Bdjv%5D.zip"><i>Vychislimoe i nevychislimoe</i></a> [<i>Computable and Noncomputable</i>] (dalam bahasa Russian). Sov.Radio. m/s. 13–15. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publ.lib.ru/ARCHIVES/M/MANIN_Yuriy_Ivanovich/Manin_Yu.I._Vychislimoe_i_nevychislimoe.(1980).%5bdjv-fax%5d.zip">yang asal</a> pada 2013-05-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2013-03-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vychislimoe+i+nevychislimoe&rft.pages=13-15&rft.pub=Sov.Radio&rft.date=1980&rft.au=Manin%2C+Yu.+I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubl.lib.ru%2FARCHIVES%2FM%2FMANIN_Yuriy_Ivanovich%2FManin_Yu.I._Vychislimoe_i_nevychislimoe.%281980%29.%255bdjv-fax%255d.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKomputer+kuantum" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span>Selenggaraan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak dikenali (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Selenggaraan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_dikenali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Selenggaraan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak dikenali (laman tidak wujud)">link</a>) </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Feynman82-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Feynman82_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFFeynman1982" class="citation journal cs1">Feynman, R. P.u (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201120045204/https://www.engineering.columbia.edu/faculty/christos-papadimitriou/classics/Feynman.pdf">"Simulating physics with computers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Journal_of_Theoretical_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Journal of Theoretical Physics (laman tidak wujud)">International Journal of Theoretical Physics</a></i>. <b>21</b> (6): 467–488. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982IJTP...21..467F">1982IJTP...21..467F</a>. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX" title="CiteSeerX">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Boleh diakses dengan percuma"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.45.9310">10.1.1.45.9310</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02650179">10.1007/BF02650179</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~christos/classics/Feynman.pdf">yang asal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> pada 2020-11-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2019-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Theoretical+Physics&rft.atitle=Simulating+physics+with+computers&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=467-488&rft.date=1982&rft_id=%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.45.9310%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02650179&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1982IJTP...21..467F&rft.aulast=Feynman&rft.aufirst=R.+P.u&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.eecs.berkeley.edu%2F~christos%2Fclassics%2FFeynman.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKomputer+kuantum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="Deutsch85" class="citation journal cs1">Deutsch, David (1985). "Quantum Theory, the Church-Turing Principle and the Universal Quantum Computer". <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A</i>. <b>400</b> (1818): 97–117. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985RSPSA.400...97D">1985RSPSA.400...97D</a>. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX" title="CiteSeerX">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Boleh diakses dengan percuma"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.144.7936">10.1.1.144.7936</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspa.1985.0070">10.1098/rspa.1985.0070</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London+A&rft.atitle=Quantum+Theory%2C+the+Church-Turing+Principle+and+the+Universal+Quantum+Computer&rft.volume=400&rft.issue=1818&rft.pages=97-117&rft.date=1985&rft_id=%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.144.7936%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspa.1985.0070&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1985RSPSA.400...97D&rft.aulast=Deutsch&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKomputer+kuantum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFGershon2013" class="citation web cs1">Gershon, Eric (2013-01-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phys.org/news/2013-01-qubit-bodes-future-quantum.html">"New qubit control bodes well for future of quantum computing"</a>. Phys.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2014-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+qubit+control+bodes+well+for+future+of+quantum+computing&rft.pub=Phys.org&rft.date=2013-01-14&rft.aulast=Gershon&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2013-01-qubit-bodes-future-quantum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKomputer+kuantum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://qist.lanl.gov/qcomp_map.shtml">Quantum Information Science and Technology Roadmap</a> for a sense of where the research is heading.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Preskill2018-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Preskill2018_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFPreskill2018" class="citation journal cs1">Preskill, John (2018-08-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2018-08-06-79">"Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond"</a>. <i>Quantum</i>. <b>2</b>: 79. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22331%2Fq-2018-08-06-79">10.22331/q-2018-08-06-79</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quantum&rft.atitle=Quantum+Computing+in+the+NISQ+era+and+beyond&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=79&rft.date=2018-08-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22331%2Fq-2018-08-06-79&rft.aulast=Preskill&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.22331%2Fq-2018-08-06-79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKomputer+kuantum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610250/serious-quantum-computers-are-finally-here-what-are-we-going-to-do-with-them/">"Serious quantum computers are finally here. What are we going to do with them?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serious+quantum+computers+are+finally+here.+What+are+we+going+to+do+with+them%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.technologyreview.com%2Fs%2F610250%2Fserious-quantum-computers-are-finally-here-what-are-we-going-to-do-with-them%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKomputer+kuantum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/01/explaining-the-upside-and-downside-of-d-waves-new-quantum-computer/">"Explaining the upside and downside of D-Wave's new quantum computer"</a>. 2017-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explaining+the+upside+and+downside+of+D-Wave%27s+new+quantum+computer&rft.date=2017-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fscience%2F2017%2F01%2Fexplaining-the-upside-and-downside-of-d-waves-new-quantum-computer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKomputer+kuantum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simon1994-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Simon1994_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFSimon,_D.R.1994" class="citation book cs1">Simon, D.R. (1994). <i>On the power of quantum computation</i>. <i>Foundations of Computer Science, 1994 Proceedings., 35th Annual Symposium on</i>. m/s. 116–123. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX" title="CiteSeerX">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Boleh diakses dengan percuma"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.655.4355">10.1.1.655.4355</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FSFCS.1994.365701">10.1109/SFCS.1994.365701</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-8186-6580-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-8186-6580-6"><bdi>978-0-8186-6580-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+power+of+quantum+computation&rft.pages=116-123&rft.date=1994&rft_id=%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.655.4355%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FSFCS.1994.365701&rft.isbn=978-0-8186-6580-6&rft.au=Simon%2C+D.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKomputer+kuantum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dyakonov, M. The case against quantum computing. IEEE Spectrum, 15 Nov, 2018 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/the-case-against-quantum-computing">[1]</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komputer_kuantum&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komputer_kuantum&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama">Wikimedia Commons</a> mempunyai media berkaitan: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Quantum_computer" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Quantum computer">Komputer kuantum</a></b></i>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXhZBnDd5WM?autoplay=1">for video explanation click here</a></li> <li>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-quantcomp/">Quantum Computing</a>" by Amit Hagar.</li> <li><span class="citation Journal">Ambainis, Andris (2013). "Quantum Annealing and Computation: A Brief Documentary Note". <i></i><a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1310.1339">1310.1339</a> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/archive/physics.hist-ph">physics.hist-ph</a>]<i></i>.</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lps.umd.edu/Quantum%20Computing%20Group/QuantumComputingIndex.html">Maryland University Laboratory for Physical Sciences</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190205184050/http://www.lps.umd.edu/Quantum%20Computing%20Group/QuantumComputingIndex.html">Diarkibkan</a> 2019-02-05 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: conducts researches for the quantum computer-based project led by the NSA, named 'Penetrating Hard Target'.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arnetminer.org/event/quantumComputingHistory">Visualized history of quantum computing</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFAmbainisChakrabarti2008" class="citation journal cs1">Ambainis, Andris; Chakrabarti, Bikas K. (2008). "Quantum Annealing and Analog Quantum Computation". <i>Rev. Mod. Phys</i>. <b>80</b> (3): 1061–1081. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Boleh diakses dengan percuma"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/0801.2193">0801.2193</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.80.1061">10.1103/RevModPhys.80.1061</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rev.+Mod.+Phys.&rft.atitle=Quantum+Annealing+and+Analog+Quantum+Computation&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1061-1081&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0801.2193&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FRevModPhys.80.1061&rft.aulast=Ambainis&rft.aufirst=Andris&rft.au=Chakrabarti%2C+Bikas+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKomputer+kuantum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFHazewinkel2001" class="citation cs2">Hazewinkel, Michiel, penyunting (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=p/q130020">"Quantum computation, theory of"</a>, <i>Encyclopedia of Mathematics</i>, <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-55608-010-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-55608-010-4"><bdi>978-1-55608-010-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Quantum+computation%2C+theory+of&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Mathematics&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-55608-010-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofmath.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3Dp%2Fq130020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKomputer+kuantum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.octimine.com/patents-of-quantum-computing-companies/">Patenting in the field of quantum computing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200204171116/https://www.octimine.com/patents-of-quantum-computing-companies/">Diarkibkan</a> 2020-02-04 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/23/d-wave-is-raising-money-to-bring-quantum-computing-to-public-cloud.html">[2]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Syarahan</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXhZBnDd5WM?autoplay=1">for video explanation click here</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1826E60FD05B44E4">Quantum computing for the determined</a> – 22 video lectures by Michael Nielsen</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quiprocone.org/Protected/DD_lectures.htm">Video Lectures</a> by David Deutsch</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183533/http://www.quantware.ups-tlse.fr/IHP2006/">Lectures at the Institut Henri Poincaré (slides and videos)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nanohub.org/resources/4778">Online lecture on An Introduction to Quantum Computing, Edward Gerjuoy (2008)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dWcT_qrBN_w"><span class="plainlinks">Quantum Computing research by Mikko Möttönen at Aalto University (video)</span></a> di <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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