CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91351d4a8a44ce5d',cH: 'LGPRfkDv4PHlgKI5STx_asfSGRwDfKP5S.loR4hhNbg-1739788356-1.2.1.1-C_FeUBf3x5xnklyCyhEOM2szxqYAGhcndoTzlY7OP10YloDRaAmEJ5UZvsyWHpX9',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Xiaolai%20Zhang&__cf_chl_tk=_.h18gZ8kV2zvj10KpNrkaOMwrGLYmvYMCZbRkketTg-1739788356-1.0.1.1-43xNRozbz1KIJOo98Fjm6Qt..fP125kJrtEknJ46LI4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788356',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Xiaolai%20Zhang&__cf_chl_f_tk=_.h18gZ8kV2zvj10KpNrkaOMwrGLYmvYMCZbRkketTg-1739788356-1.0.1.1-43xNRozbz1KIJOo98Fjm6Qt..fP125kJrtEknJ46LI4",md: "rMSPP3M0ifgiT5EexeOGjskpPahow.kwcPlHFgvZRQU-1739788356-1.2.1.1-PkNPAdO.8CzobOyiUaJ9lDiHBYab8iJ9hZOHZY0c3EG2ZW0cRSAdFMrc5gEnLesvkDw_LRWRjizYOoiZ0Dofe3TjBri6ZVsDjkjsd_h_LR2VKAqYVzi7bfFKyfYjQRavXxf342hDbiOsBsvNG1_meJLRR_Hhz.TtnZP0Gjer.Lo3P5lBDWcKB2lKCLfBYERd44r3RNBGVM4sFQM2iciaEroSAh.HrgOFLfwuEEV1214p2uJYC4iodQGewIi0m18CnRulA9w4Lot7oSm7XcJQZ7K4x8Av7MMIMPz2ySJhPIOwHhgHAat6kiW9DpbMfqov5q75RFNnwuVN_PkMw8CCtafnt1gmy9B1.sDNRbLdF16dINEhXZzIRj45TN03L3hiDIKXEWtASHinzjuag_M1dLX5tDJ1CM3eFKWhFEV60IkBaSzfhvRU15iYon3YG.YcKJ0hCrQuMnuMo4M5E6Nsclm1jUDsarkQmX9JvRJn66vwcc..r2wKzWAFO3TXoRTk0WKi6r26gtrBKR2Ku9ImWUiZPYBTYzEsXZ4cFK8aKfil_3Z_C527UifK.EXyQi.CmxQBZGiiG0tQu6AaLy00yrPV_78Appl5c_9BY5DC3MjyO0Vfcc5o9Sz1vaW2vW_8Pqqm.L6zVYzbmTdB_iY1GHKwMZQqEZiXyXmeHgimHjLcHr3YvJxcuATXd2mwoIrzp_m76LIAIjXi_N1pxo4ke2aHLlgqiO0EUlTc2XT89AjpVyJAFpQ2KR3aEA8zh2CPmkCQOU8K2iVcIkPthd1yGa9Tz3Pw4_kzt_IjagZTXLskZumzCtSPWAtaJCkydPCnTJOVxp2G5il2FGUAf_tJlWfsN48eAncCU8XpaUuLZJ5VY5u1MZzBqSsA2_TVu6lYL6ficAEtBwdcTxN08bTNy1w95r3_G.FpuHirEta_UMK6mFYLIyvH9oCDhyukq3Ko1xQ8FnnqNOgNd1fcDCytsBuzGPhcUX6LClKhEOcuiLTvfrM5yelpeIMXphSa1Zd4MueXaDeAGMJtE_o7s6GoiI9h073cmnzCtidB8B7Ga.yBSaY9bJAGZe3JnxZo2Em3YxZcFaQKrJH4nW9lh.XO1zzF4CfsQyRsCXKEItuSSIVKR2yzZsfwlH3TG4KQdM4zcQLgEf0l.1MANmxBNjXt1sk0zpUgWL7IP9nYApLW7WhI63ad6OdCgX_0bOhMnDqLxA0bA_KoE2Sc3VfR86z3KIWEuGocNdIlIcOU2hz80sKQWlyxF2LCzAbc3YwRjj.VNBija59Vp.oRWOEkcVjVpScvBXdQXbeu0zT1f3I5WeEzYSsqKmm8lnTmBI5Ph_N0vBm30krjdTc56oqOJlgqkI7FCxNADJiopHK7tQ9LqEeSn6.WkDWpO7E.tUWUJIyIWe2PQoLzDa7D91gbvDmcDGitVDtth257hp4QL9CwDrF33d2j6PyNY0CNWrMzSSMrtzljOd_d5LHiQOtvsV5Pck8nh4otVZAyjqwZWKK8obOqISZMo9roeVurt.Q3_zynw4TgM2Bev8fOFHnC7os4lnDumAIrlC5pg8jEa61q07wcRRh8MSOCkn2OTv9ALbvNZcLUb_W_HiwFwwgkNmseT2G88VynEUAqySc8NTyyKUZBkG65NqB4G2GBqcNg3x5pg44Rsl6e_DJNUKS2lnMzuP30bXwwEGcLwShZ0Ew5bQzDbNdqAcV5CTpMHj2ZfexYy5C54wgvxXL3w8jmTWT5n0Rdg7D4EXYkRPHl8N5wOvGLlOIe.DydqcyX5Mj.XPQQx32e9vuoPbvFp0eCH5vZCqp1_VKHcRI9kAt9wP8VvUuDQFtp5ZTkmrzofF9cBfO.MtUvEaxCTv4FUwTXOL3Z1A8ZUA3lIaJ7uTLJG2XM4YEzYVE_VTDdZwjlnwL0LiMKGyhr7BNEzGmrfyQVuYUUupWWp0_nAK_vBd3FKJp6g.k",mdrd: "LEk2HNR8rNGYwZTbPWYlx58p8wEJPp_MBCDpruepVlo-1739788356-1.2.1.1-UdWM9jOAI6C.zS9aNoZii5Vf6qfwvgNd.Wo0E18eNfaNKvKYbUoiJ2BXrLx8cwPZ3OoqQerhtmzCRBRH0K1zShNDUQ.b759Q.uBt9TDiuRFghiXyaZCWsiwxFsRmbeRRvC19lXLX98Pddmx.EydEa9EBOzx8AfquGiX5vmXPwl34nD90.Pt1GAYb2HTOSK95rM4txe4YKJ70yUUJBZmzujXTvvagsWu5yQbggAsOce0Nwp27I57DBg.nuOKmfGtU0JMhQSVKn20qgCBSs7yDk.G_o2QWQD0t09GK2oXnZSg0MJQLu4T3ieGmmx2c4.iM7SN16NPM9k4AzkFOVZyovV2MEneCdX.UE6JpCxNEF4f902Qw.ps0AP.gXMq_cgGkg0GMkXdMt_nVStEjSasjyxQvqVrUYz48C5vv_.QB2A7rwv7QXOjhEtGH882f4gccRHqcGsk9u46VaYrTEwNS5MTnNXN5M7gUDWZ0G57elbgSsoE6RWYdc.Y66.EzrKqiQYkpIPR5MTLz2_n8KC93n8YZPylfraDL2zKSBnhJ7TgCHUn_QFmuiYTSjgMYQVXHbRvHkvXGpUz8ZAX6uI7NPa5HtvyLRDtZFfdmatBFDkjsJPeuKlGvIeLsmYjsZC7_WfQVX7gILySIVafcXlxfESz0zIjwzlOpn88riv8MhapQntBogyLRbZIJX1is9lgCCTSMY_Elks6csA0NFACuazDn2MJEECumjGtyrwqWhVIEz_zUmcvujYIybbE7rN3.9tgw.mCkezhaUa.BelEaIw95pKcUELwpR6uoCuv.S2Itc3UpiYBl2LhIxCz5Q7A8PENsZ_CfV0i2cjy10v1w4T4DBxEE7y0LXZih8iZF0N66JJK8en3RUpKl8dDbISu4zWvwE8my.n25jvYQ83VCkI4zXX4sLmdG7PpzIGECa.FklUlpQ7jQ821J10NVQtTfNj6X9qFGIftRttU.9pi4pjSI0qU08P5HAZ59iEcAFOWjnTmYVFaRtfK0vM7ee_tm_UczxGGHt5yizXICJGnHW8dSDmtZjVNpQvwUBO7z3c.qKgewJf11qI_rv4UdpfMX9XWkOKzyUZnjQaXym1SfO7qrNGrR699P4_UJDQ92OJoCgUztbAAq5UcEf9SDLLxc_nM7yQFGr3zE5LruGsSsnkCYnDWFTYHng5kVtkpqWhY1pKys3rWOysYPC9d5Db_ZiWWGW7tZWWHvPVIw7uVKdNIdIXt8XAanFCdczwMyXroYb1Lo8.uPSZ5lxixWAI1D7l7zXlHis2wRAN.eglcWVRswNjXxx7.djKH8bkNUPlA7LPaHk2uGJQvdjUBvlVv7EuOHH84GY1rwTqu.DlgOczONzK6aR2ZDGEZ6OtlqcHbwSwXV9UyosGdXAbJW34Ip.6uRLFfRzlvDWD.V4tt6Q7ei1sW8MAM71hpkhy1It9eGjt.uGQRqyiRE9qkeT1gU9oKe82hiB9FtEaZ4NczWncYmPv6w6.Sd9YbIVH3cXLJmSIJat8Ta2ilGQ_Ge31foLmgnOo2995YuO3dsYo74MTUltGN7HV36A13UfSzn321Mtxh.gF5y76xJmuX5e2UxLcx_wvEK3suR08gaStEWgroexm4UlWviz3houGzFv4qGZEQWl6tQTruv0uNIZrE1ckINy9EbnVx9hobCpvgxffBZWFPlMEENq8An5Isyrq2gH0ss08vBrM8DjkUX8KqyTRD5uj8MejIfADNBHPgsOByGFzx_QnKS61E0OydiKHFiBH0y9SmCiT_lPuJoLQ49EdN.RPWQRAK0fRtGC9cwXfhbpQttypUHP9BL7Yy5A.ubE7lZGJO_SlnHSD459YFVnrneEz9.OQHL2MGI8qHHryo4K7VAG79loQrZBs0aD8m.Wh7kiR7zqOAF8Gv9afC8Py1JxYczqfg.Zsjee_UDwdFNgrBz0JVlr...2v3amhQ.ySXTCsZG1d0PVSA1u.Wu4A.3YtSY5b3IBjw9qy9aoA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91351d4a8a44ce5d';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Xiaolai%20Zhang&__cf_chl_rt_tk=_.h18gZ8kV2zvj10KpNrkaOMwrGLYmvYMCZbRkketTg-1739788356-1.0.1.1-43xNRozbz1KIJOo98Fjm6Qt..fP125kJrtEknJ46LI4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>