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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Washington_Supreme_Court&params=47_02_13_N_122_54_18_W_type:landmark_region:US-WA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°02′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°54′18″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.03694°N 122.90500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.03694; -122.90500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Highest court in the U.S. state of Washington</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the supreme court of the state of Washington. For the supreme court of the United States in Washington, D.C., see <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>. For the highest court of the judiciary of Washington, D.C., see <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Court_of_Appeals" title="District of Columbia Court of Appeals">District of Columbia Court of Appeals</a>.</div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Washington_Supreme_Court&params=47_02_13_N_122_54_18_W_type:landmark_region:US-WA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°02′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°54′18″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.03694°N 122.90500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.03694; -122.90500</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #Ededed;">Washington Supreme Court</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Washington.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Seal_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Washington.png/175px-Seal_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Washington.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Seal_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Washington.png/263px-Seal_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Washington.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Seal_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Washington.png/350px-Seal_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Washington.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="993" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_e2a535346407a3aaaeedccef5035a8a8ab7d62b5"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Washington_Supreme_Court&revid=1259734394&groups=_e2a535346407a3aaaeedccef5035a8a8ab7d62b5" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Washington_Supreme_Court&revid=1259734394&groups=_e2a535346407a3aaaeedccef5035a8a8ab7d62b5 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">November 9, 1889</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia, Washington</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Composition method</th><td class="infobox-data">Non-partisan election</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Authorised by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington State Constitution">Washington State Constitution</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">Appeals to</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judge term length</th><td class="infobox-data">6 years</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of positions</th><td class="infobox-data">9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.courts.wa.gov/appellate_trial_courts/supremecourt/">Official website</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #Ededed;">Chief Justice</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currently</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Steven González">Steven González</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Since</th><td class="infobox-data">January 11, 2021</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lead position ends</th><td class="infobox-data">January 11, 2025<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #Ededed;">Associate Chief Justice</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currently</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Johnson_(jurist)" title="Charles W. Johnson (jurist)">Charles W. Johnson</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Washington Supreme Court</b> is the highest court in the judiciary of the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>. The court is composed of a chief justice and eight associate justices. Members of the court are elected to six-year terms. Justices must retire at the end of the calendar year in which they reach the age of 75, per the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Washington" title="Constitution of Washington">Washington State Constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The chief justice is chosen by secret ballot by the Justices to serve a 4-year term. The current chief justice is <a href="/wiki/Steven_Gonzalez" class="mw-redirect" title="Steven Gonzalez">Steven C. González</a>, who was elected by his peers on November 5, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> González was sworn in as Chief Justice on January 11, 2021, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Debra_L._Stephens" title="Debra L. Stephens">Debra L. Stephens</a>. </p><p>Prior to January 1997 (pursuant to a Constitutional amendment adopted in 1995), the post of chief justice was held for a 2-year term by a justice who (i) was one of the Justices with 2 years left in their term, (ii) was the most senior in years of service of that cohort, and (iii) (generally) had not previously served as chief justice. The last chief justice under the rotation system, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Durham" title="Barbara Durham">Barbara Durham</a>, was the architect of the present internal election system and was the first to be elected under the new procedure, serving until her resignation in 1999. </p><p>The court convenes in the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Justice_(Washington)" title="Temple of Justice (Washington)">Temple of Justice</a>, a historic building on the <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Capitol" title="Washington State Capitol">Washington State Capitol</a> campus in <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia, Washington</a>. </p><p>The persuasiveness of the court's decisions reaches far beyond Washington's borders. A <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">Supreme Court of California</a> study published in 2007 found that the Washington Supreme Court's decisions were the second most widely followed by the appellate courts of all other U.S. states in the period from 1940 to 2005 (second only to California).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selection">Selection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Selection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of the court are elected to six-year terms, with three justices elected in each even-numbered year in a nonpartisan election with a <a href="/wiki/Top_two_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Top two primary">top-two primary</a>. Judicial elections in Washington, including for the Supreme Court, are frequently uncontested and incumbents typically win reelection.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last time a justice lost reelection was in 2010 when <a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Wiggins" title="Charles K. Wiggins">Charles K. Wiggins</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Sanders" title="Richard B. Sanders">Richard B. Sanders</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had previously defeated <a href="/wiki/Rosselle_Pekelis" title="Rosselle Pekelis">Rosselle Pekelis</a> in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When chief justice <a href="/wiki/Keith_M._Callow" title="Keith M. Callow">Keith M. Callow</a> lost to <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Johnson_(jurist)" title="Charles W. Johnson (jurist)">Charles W. Johnson</a> in 1990, it was the first time in 40 years an incumbent had lost.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The only required qualification for justices is that they are admitted to practice law in Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In case of a vacancy, the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Washington">Governor of Washington</a> may appoint a replacement who must stand in the next election to fill the unexpired term.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five of the current nine judges were originally appointed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_justices">Current justices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Current justices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Washington_Supreme_Court" title="List of justices of the Washington Supreme Court">List of justices of the Washington Supreme Court</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Seat </th> <th>Justice<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Born </th> <th>Joined </th> <th>Chief Justice </th> <th>Term ends </th> <th>Mandatory retirement </th> <th>Appointed by </th> <th>Law school </th></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="González, Steven"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Steven González">Steven González</a></span></span></span>, <i>Chief Justice</i> </td> <td>1963 (age 60–61) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002012-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 1, 2012</span> </td> <td>2021–present </td> <td>2024 </td> <td>2038 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Christine_Gregoire" title="Christine Gregoire">Christine Gregoire</a> (D) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UC_Berkeley_School_of_Law" title="UC Berkeley School of Law">UC Berkeley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Johnson, Charles W."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Johnson_(jurist)" title="Charles W. Johnson (jurist)">Charles W. Johnson</a></span></span></span>, <i>Associate Chief Justice</i> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1951-03-16</span>) </span>March 16, 1951<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 73)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001991-01-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 14, 1991</span> </td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="0 !">–</span> </td> <td>2026 </td> <td>2026 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—<sup id="cite_ref-Elect_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elect-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seattle_University_School_of_Law" title="Seattle University School of Law">Seattle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Madsen, Barbara"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Madsen" title="Barbara Madsen">Barbara Madsen</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1952-03-01</span>) </span>March 1, 1952<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 72)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-01-11-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 11, 1993</span> </td> <td>2010–2017 </td> <td>2028 </td> <td>2027 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—<sup id="cite_ref-Elect_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elect-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_University_School_of_Law" title="Gonzaga University School of Law">Gonzaga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Owens, Susan"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Owens" title="Susan Owens">Susan Owens</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1949-08-19</span>) </span>August 19, 1949<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 75)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002001-01-08-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 8, 2001</span> </td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="0 !">–</span> </td> <td>2024 </td> <td>2024 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—<sup id="cite_ref-Elect_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elect-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_School_of_Law" title="University of North Carolina School of Law">UNC Chapel Hill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Stephens, Debra L."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Debra_L._Stephens" title="Debra L. Stephens">Debra L. Stephens</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>1965 (age 58–59) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002008-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 1, 2008</span> </td> <td>2020–2021 </td> <td>2026 </td> <td>2040 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Christine_Gregoire" title="Christine Gregoire">Christine Gregoire</a> (D) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_University_School_of_Law" title="Gonzaga University School of Law">Gonzaga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="McCloud, Sheryl Gordon"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Gordon_McCloud" title="Sheryl Gordon McCloud">Sheryl Gordon McCloud</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1955-10-05</span>) </span>October 5, 1955<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 69)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002013-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 1, 2013</span> </td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="0 !">–</span> </td> <td>2024 </td> <td>2030 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—<sup id="cite_ref-Elect_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elect-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USC_Gould_School_of_Law" title="USC Gould School of Law">Southern California</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Yu, Mary"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Yu" title="Mary Yu">Mary Yu</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>1957 (age 66–67) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002014-05-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 20, 2014</span> </td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="0 !">–</span> </td> <td>2028 </td> <td>2032 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Jay_Inslee" title="Jay Inslee">Jay Inslee</a> (D) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Law_School" title="Notre Dame Law School">Notre Dame</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Montoya-Lewis, Raquel"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Raquel_Montoya-Lewis" title="Raquel Montoya-Lewis">Raquel Montoya-Lewis</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1968-04-03</span>) </span>April 3, 1968<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 56)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002020-01-05-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 5, 2020</span> </td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="0 !">–</span> </td> <td>2026 </td> <td>2043 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Jay_Inslee" title="Jay Inslee">Jay Inslee</a> (D) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_School_of_Law" title="University of Washington School of Law">Washington</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Whitener, Helen"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Whitener" title="Helen Whitener">Helen Whitener</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>1964 or 1965 (age 59–60) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002020-04-13-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 13, 2020</span> </td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="0 !">–</span> </td> <td>2028 </td> <td>2039 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Jay_Inslee" title="Jay Inslee">Jay Inslee</a> (D) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seattle_University_School_of_Law" title="Seattle University School of Law">Seattle</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Elect-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Elect_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elect_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elect_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elect_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Took office after being elected in a nonpartisan election.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Justice-elect">Justice-elect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Justice-elect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Seat </th> <th>Justice-elect </th> <th>Replacing </th> <th>Taking office </th> <th>Term ends </th> <th>Law school </th></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sal_Mungia" title="Sal Mungia">Sal Mungia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Susan_Owens" title="Susan Owens">Susan Owens</a> </td> <td>January 2025 </td> <td>2030 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University_Law_Center" title="Georgetown University Law Center">Georgetown</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The early history of the Washington Supreme Court has been described as follows: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The constitution fixed the terms of supreme court judges at six years, and provided that the first judges should determine by lot, two to serve for three years, two for five years, and one for seven years. This was to prevent a too sweeping change of the court at any one time. The judge with the shortest term to serve is elected by the court as chief justice, which allows most of the judges to enjoy that honor in turn. Judge Dunbar is the only one who has served continuously through the life of this court. There are a few irregularities in the length of the terms. Judge Gordon resigned in June, 1900. Governor Rogers appointed William H. White to take his place. In November of the same year Judge White was regularly elected, but the term ended the following January. The Legislature in 1901 provided for the appointment of two judges to serve only until October, 1902. Governor Rogers appointed to these positions William H. White and Hiram E. Hadley. In 1905, the Legislature permanently increased the court from five to seven. Governor Mead appointed Herman D. Crow and Milo A. Root. At the next election, in 1906, those two judges were regularly elected for the terms expiring in 1909. After his election in November, 1908, Judge Root resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Candidates for election were originally nominated at party conventions, but in 1907 it became a direct nonpartisan election.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_R._Dimmick" title="Carolyn R. Dimmick">Carolyn R. Dimmick</a> was the first woman to sit on the court, taking her seat in 1981. <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Durham" title="Barbara Durham">Barbara Durham</a> was the first female chief justice, selected in 1995. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Z._Smith" title="Charles Z. Smith">Charles Z. Smith</a>, appointed 1988, was the first African American to serve on the court. <a href="/wiki/Mary_Yu" title="Mary Yu">Mary Yu</a> became the first LGBT, Asian American, and Latina member in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A majority of justices <a href="/wiki/List_of_female_state_supreme_court_justices" title="List of female state supreme court justices">has been female</a> since 2013. After the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Helen_Whitener" title="Helen Whitener">Helen Whitener</a> in 2020, the court was called "arguably the most diverse court, state or federal, in American history",<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with various incumbents reflecting the state's white, black, Hispanic, Asian American, Native American, LGBT, immigrant, Jewish, and disabled populations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_cases">Notable cases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notable cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1691771032153678000&hl=en&as_sdt=6&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr"><i>State v. Gunwall</i></a> (1986) -- The court established a test for when it would turn to the State constitution, rather than the federal one, to resolve a constitutional question.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McCleary_v._Washington" title="McCleary v. Washington">McCleary v. Washington</a></i> (2012) – The state of Washington failed to meet its Constitutional duty to adequately fund education.</li> <li><i>State v. Gregory</i> (2018) – Unanimously decided the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Washington_(state)" title="Capital punishment in Washington (state)">death penalty in Washington</a> violated the state constitution, as applied.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>State v. Blake</i> (2021) – Declared in a 5–4 ruling that the statute criminalizing simple possession of controlled substances was unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Quinn v. Washington Department of Revenue</i> (2021) — The state's tax on capital gains is constitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WACapitolTempleOfJustice.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The court meets in the Temple of Justice in Olympia"><img alt="The court meets in the Temple of Justice in Olympia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/WACapitolTempleOfJustice.jpg/120px-WACapitolTempleOfJustice.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/WACapitolTempleOfJustice.jpg/180px-WACapitolTempleOfJustice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/WACapitolTempleOfJustice.jpg/240px-WACapitolTempleOfJustice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2713" data-file-height="1692" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The court meets in the Temple of Justice in Olympia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WashSupremeCtInterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The interior of the Washington State Supreme Court"><img alt="The interior of the Washington State Supreme Court" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/WashSupremeCtInterior.jpg/120px-WashSupremeCtInterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/WashSupremeCtInterior.jpg/180px-WashSupremeCtInterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/WashSupremeCtInterior.jpg/240px-WashSupremeCtInterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3320" data-file-height="2800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The interior of the Washington State Supreme Court</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WashingtonCapitolTOJLL.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inside the Law Library"><img alt="Inside the Law Library" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/WashingtonCapitolTOJLL.jpg/120px-WashingtonCapitolTOJLL.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/WashingtonCapitolTOJLL.jpg/180px-WashingtonCapitolTOJLL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/WashingtonCapitolTOJLL.jpg/240px-WashingtonCapitolTOJLL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3760" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inside the Law Library</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WashingtonCapitolTOJI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The foyer of the Temple of Justice building"><img alt="The foyer of the Temple of Justice building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/WashingtonCapitolTOJI.jpg/120px-WashingtonCapitolTOJI.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/WashingtonCapitolTOJI.jpg/180px-WashingtonCapitolTOJI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/WashingtonCapitolTOJI.jpg/240px-WashingtonCapitolTOJI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4526" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The foyer of the Temple of Justice building</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courts.wa.gov/appellate_trial_courts/supreme/bios/?fa=scbios.display_file&fileID=gonzalez">"Chief Justice Steven C. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.courts.wa.gov&rft.atitle=Washington+State+Courts+-+Supreme+Court&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courts.wa.gov%2Fappellate_trial_courts%2FSupremeCourt%2F%3Ffa%3Dsupremecourt.justices&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courts.wa.gov/appellate_trial_courts/SupremeCourt/?fa=supremecourt.justices">"Washington Supreme Court Justices"</a>. <i>Washington Courts</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Courts&rft.atitle=Washington+Supreme+Court+Justices&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courts.wa.gov%2Fappellate_trial_courts%2FSupremeCourt%2F%3Ffa%3Dsupremecourt.justices&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmond Stephen Meany, <i>History of the State of Washington</i> (1909), p. 366.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courts.wa.gov/education/?fa=education.supreme">"Brief History of the Washington State Supreme Court"</a>. <i>Washington State Courts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+State+Courts&rft.atitle=Brief+History+of+the+Washington+State+Supreme+Court&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courts.wa.gov%2Feducation%2F%3Ffa%3Deducation.supreme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLa_Corte2014" class="citation web cs1">La Corte, Rachel (May 1, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.seattletimes.com/today/2014/05/mary-yu-appointed-to-state-supreme-court/">"Mary Yu appointed to state Supreme Court"</a>. <i>The Seattle Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502052925/http://blogs.seattletimes.com/today/2014/05/mary-yu-appointed-to-state-supreme-court/">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Mary+Yu+appointed+to+state+Supreme+Court&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft.aulast=La+Corte&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.seattletimes.com%2Ftoday%2F2014%2F05%2Fmary-yu-appointed-to-state-supreme-court%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern2020" class="citation web cs1">Stern, Mark Joseph (April 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/04/grace-helen-whitener-washington-supreme-court.html">"Washington State Now Has the Most Diverse Supreme Court In History"</a>. <i>Slate Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate+Magazine&rft.atitle=Washington+State+Now+Has+the+Most+Diverse+Supreme+Court+In+History&rft.date=2020-04-17&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Mark+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fnews-and-politics%2F2020%2F04%2Fgrace-helen-whitener-washington-supreme-court.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1176897979">.mw-parser-output .bluebook-title{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .bluebook-title i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .bluebook-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .bluebook-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .bluebook-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .bluebook-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite id="CITEREFNote2019">Note, <span class="bluebook-title bluebook-lock-none" title=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/1764-1771_Online.pdf">Recent Case: Washington State Supreme Court Declares Death Penalty Unconstitutional In Washington</a></span>, 132 <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_Review" title="Harvard Law Review">Harv. L. Rev.</a> 1764 (2019).</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>State v. Gregory</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=8854659891232700142">427 P.3d 621</a> (Wash. 2018).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">www.courts.wa.gov (September 30, 2021): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courts.wa.gov/newsinfo/?fa=newsinfo.internetdetail&newsid=46225"><i>“At the end of the day, it’s race”: Task Force on Race and Justice Presents Findings on Unequal Treatment in WA Criminal Justice System</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>State v. Blake</i></cite> (Wash. 2021), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courts.wa.gov/opinions/pdf/968730.pdf">Text</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2021" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Gene (February 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/spokane-washington-538035a1cf94b649861a3b3a5f8ad75a">"Washington state justices strike down drug possession law"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303165345/https://apnews.com/article/spokane-washington-538035a1cf94b649861a3b3a5f8ad75a">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Washington+state+justices+strike+down+drug+possession+law&rft.date=2021-02-25&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fspokane-washington-538035a1cf94b649861a3b3a5f8ad75a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Quinn v. Washington Department of Revenue</i></cite> (Wash. 2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/washington-supreme-court-quinn-clayton.pdf">Text</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Washington_State_Supreme_Court">Washington State Supreme Court</a> at Ballotpedia</li> <li>Archives: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.lib.washington.edu/findingaids/view?docId=BealsWalterB0126.xml">Walter B. Beals papers</a>. circa 1400–1951. 66.00 cubic feet. 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navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Alabama" title="Supreme Court of Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Supreme_Court" title="Alaska Supreme Court">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Supreme_Court" title="Arizona Supreme Court">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Supreme_Court" title="Arkansas Supreme Court">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Supreme_Court" title="Colorado Supreme Court">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Supreme_Court" title="Connecticut Supreme Court">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Supreme_Court" title="Delaware Supreme Court">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Florida" title="Supreme Court of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Supreme Court of Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Hawaii" title="Supreme Court of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Supreme_Court" title="Idaho Supreme Court">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Illinois" title="Supreme Court of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Supreme_Court" title="Indiana Supreme Court">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Supreme_Court" title="Iowa Supreme Court">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Supreme_Court" title="Kansas Supreme Court">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Supreme_Court" title="Kentucky Supreme Court">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Supreme_Court" title="Louisiana Supreme Court">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Supreme_Judicial_Court" title="Maine Supreme Judicial Court">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Maryland" title="Supreme Court of Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" title="Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Supreme_Court" title="Michigan Supreme Court">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Supreme_Court" title="Minnesota Supreme Court">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Mississippi" title="Supreme Court of Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Missouri" title="Supreme Court of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Supreme_Court" title="Montana Supreme Court">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Supreme_Court" title="Nebraska Supreme Court">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Nevada" title="Supreme Court of Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Supreme_Court" title="New Hampshire Supreme Court">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Jersey" title="Supreme Court of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Supreme_Court" title="New Mexico Supreme Court">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" title="New York Court of Appeals">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Supreme_Court" title="North Carolina Supreme Court">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Supreme_Court" title="North Dakota Supreme Court">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ohio" title="Supreme Court of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li>Oklahoma <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Supreme_Court" title="Oklahoma Supreme Court">civil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals">criminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Supreme_Court" title="Oregon Supreme Court">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pennsylvania" title="Supreme Court of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Supreme_Court" title="Rhode Island Supreme Court">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Supreme_Court" title="South Carolina Supreme Court">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Supreme_Court" title="South Dakota Supreme Court">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Supreme_Court" title="Tennessee Supreme Court">Tennessee</a></li> <li>Texas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Texas" title="Supreme Court of Texas">civil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Texas Court of Criminal Appeals">criminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Supreme_Court" title="Utah Supreme Court">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Supreme_Court" title="Vermont Supreme Court">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Virginia" title="Supreme Court of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Appeals_of_West_Virginia" title="Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Supreme_Court" title="Wyoming Supreme Court">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territorial</a> supreme courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_American_Samoa" title="High Court of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Court_of_Appeals" title="District of Columbia Court of Appeals">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Guam" title="Supreme Court of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Supreme_Court" title="Northern Mariana Islands Supreme Court">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Supreme Court of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Supreme Court of the Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Canal_Zone" title="United States District Court for the Canal Zone">Panama Canal Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines#American_period" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Philippine Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Complete list</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_courts_of_the_United_States" title="List of courts of the United States">Courts of the United States</a> (federal and state, all levels)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4167888#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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