CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>狩獵 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"c0e2d9c7-1a9b-40f7-8c5c-7479a42ce0df","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"狩獵","wgTitle":"狩獵","wgCurRevisionId":85069095,"wgRevisionId":85069095,"wgArticleId":548928,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive模板wayback链接","引文格式1错误：已知参数被忽略","CS1美国英语来源 (en-us)","含有英語的條目","含有拉丁語的條目","维基共享资源分类链接使用了维基数据上的匹配项","包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目","包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目","包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目", "包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目","包含HDS标识符的维基百科条目","包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目","狩獵"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"狩獵","wgRelevantArticleId":548928,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"打獵","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5", "wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q36963","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript": "ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents", "ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/37-svaghi%2C_caccia%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1328"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/37-svaghi%2C_caccia%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg/800px-37-svaghi%2C_caccia%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="886"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/37-svaghi%2C_caccia%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg/640px-37-svaghi%2C_caccia%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="708"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="狩獵 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-狩獵 rootpage-狩獵 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-种类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#种类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>种类</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-种类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-方式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#方式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>方式</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-方式-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关方式子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-方式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-定点式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定点式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>定点式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定点式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-移动式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#移动式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>移动式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-移动式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-旧石器时代早中期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#旧石器时代早中期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>旧石器时代早中期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-旧石器时代早中期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-旧石器时代晚期和中石器时代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#旧石器时代晚期和中石器时代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>旧石器时代晚期和中石器时代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-旧石器时代晚期和中石器时代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-新石器时代和古代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#新石器时代和古代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>新石器时代和古代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-新石器时代和古代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-农牧业社会" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#农牧业社会"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>农牧业社会</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-农牧业社会-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-犬类的使用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#犬类的使用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>犬类的使用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-犬类的使用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-目的" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#目的"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>目的</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-目的-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关目的子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-目的-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-獲得食材" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#獲得食材"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>獲得食材</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-獲得食材-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-商业目的" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#商业目的"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>商业目的</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-商业目的-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-管理野生動物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#管理野生動物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>管理野生動物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-管理野生動物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-运动和社交" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#运动和社交"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>运动和社交</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-运动和社交-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-狩猎的职业伦理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#狩猎的职业伦理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>狩猎的职业伦理</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-狩猎的职业伦理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关狩猎的职业伦理子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-狩猎的职业伦理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-公平追捕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#公平追捕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>公平追捕</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-公平追捕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-痛苦最小化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#痛苦最小化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>痛苦最小化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-痛苦最小化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-尊重猎物遗体" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#尊重猎物遗体"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>尊重猎物遗体</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-尊重猎物遗体-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-尊重环境" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#尊重环境"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>尊重环境</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-尊重环境-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-遵守法纪" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#遵守法纪"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>遵守法纪</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-遵守法纪-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-尊重地方传统" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#尊重地方传统"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>尊重地方传统</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-尊重地方传统-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-爭議" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#爭議"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>爭議</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-爭議-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-另见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#另见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>另见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-另见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">狩獵</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。118种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-118" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">118种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jag" title="Jag – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jag" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%27adop" title="Mi'adop – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Mi'adop" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caza" title="Caza – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Caza" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="صيد – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صيد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caza" title="Caza – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Caza" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ov%C3%A7uluq" title="Ovçuluq – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ovçuluq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%DA%86%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82" title="اووچولوق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اووچولوق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Һунар – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һунар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Паляванне – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паляванне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Паляваньне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паляваньне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Лов – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лов" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagarit" title="Bagarit – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Bagarit" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="শিকার – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শিকার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="རྔོན་པ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྔོན་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaseal" title="Chaseal – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Chaseal" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lov" title="Lov – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lov" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%A7a" title="Caça – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caça" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%83%E1%8E%AF%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%99%E1%8E%B2" title="ᎠᏂᏃᎯᎵᏙᎲ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᏃᎯᎵᏙᎲ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%88" title="ڕاو – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕاو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lov" title="Lov – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сунар – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сунар" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hela" title="Hela – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hela" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagt" title="Jagt – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jagt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%94higu" title="Tɔhigu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Tɔhigu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagd" title="Jagd – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jagd" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C5%8Bkpaalo%C5%8B" title="Naŋkpaaloŋ – Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Naŋkpaaloŋ" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AE%CE%B3%CE%B9" title="Κυνήγι – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυνήγι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hunting" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88asado" title="Ĉasado – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉasado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caza" title="Caza – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahipidamine" title="Jahipidamine – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jahipidamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehiza" title="Ehiza – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ehiza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="شکار – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شکار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mets%C3%A4stys" title="Metsästys – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Metsästys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasse" title="Chasse – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chasse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacht" title="Jacht – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jacht" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacht_(aktiviteit)" title="Jacht (aktiviteit) – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jacht (aktiviteit)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiach" title="Fiach – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fiach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachas" title="Lachas – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lachas" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinex%C3%A9tica" title="Cinexética – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cinexética" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gb%C3%A9yant%E1%BB%8D" title="Gbéyantọ – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Gbéyantọ" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farauta" title="Farauta – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Farauta" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%93" title="ציד – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="शिकार – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शिकार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lov" title="Lov – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lov" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachas" title="Lachas – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lachas" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vad%C3%A1szat" title="Vadászat – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vadászat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Որսորդություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Որսորդություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Որսորդութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Որսորդութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perburuan" title="Perburuan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perburuan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichu_nta" title="Ichu nta – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ichu nta" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Чарахьал – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Чарахьал" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasado" title="Chasado – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chasado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vei%C3%B0ar" title="Veiðar – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Veiðar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caccia" title="Caccia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caccia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%9F" title="狩猟 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="狩猟" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ნადირობა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნადირობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agmar" title="Agmar – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Agmar" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lak%CA%8A" title="Lakʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lakʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A3%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Аңшылық – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аңшылық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86" title="ಬೇಟೆ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೇಟೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%83%A5" title="사냥 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사냥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AA%C3%A7%C3%AEr" title="Nêçîr – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nêçîr" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A3%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Аңчылык – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аңчылык" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venatio" title="Venatio – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Venatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juegd" title="Juegd – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Juegd" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jach" title="Jach – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jach" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C5%BEiokl%C4%97" title="Medžioklė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Medžioklė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C4%ABbas" title="Medības – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Medības" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сонар – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Сонар" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Лов – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лов" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="शिकार – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शिकार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemburuan" title="Pemburuan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemburuan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အမဲလိုက်ခြင်း – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမဲလိုက်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="शिकार – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="शिकार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malu" title="Malu – 尼亚斯语" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Malu" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="尼亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacht_(activiteit)" title="Jacht (activiteit) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jacht (activiteit)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakt" title="Jakt – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jakt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakt" title="Jakt – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jakt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_(partie)" title="Cache (partie) – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Cache (partie)" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%A7a" title="Caça – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Caça" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polowanie" title="Polowanie – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Polowanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="شکار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شکار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%A7a" title="Caça – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caça" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaku" title="Chaku – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chaku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A2n%C4%83toare" title="Vânătoare – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vânătoare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Охота – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Охота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Полёваня – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Полёваня" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caccia" title="Caccia – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Caccia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lov" title="Lov – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lov" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8" title="දඩයම – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දඩයම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hunting" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lov" title="Lov – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lov" title="Lov – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugaadhsi" title="Ugaadhsi – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ugaadhsi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuetia" title="Gjuetia – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuetia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Лов – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лов" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moro" title="Moro – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Moro" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakt" title="Jakt – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jakt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uwindaji" title="Uwindaji – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uwindaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/adup" title="adup – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="adup" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வேட்டையாடுதல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வேட்டையாடுதல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/qmalup" title="qmalup – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="qmalup" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F" title="వేట – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వేట" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aw" title="Aw – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Aw" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangangaso" title="Pangangaso – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pangangaso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Avcılık – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Avcılık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tmsamat" title="Tmsamat – 赛德克语" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Tmsamat" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="赛德克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Полювання – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Полювання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="شکار – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شکار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ov" title="Ov – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ov" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83n" title="Săn – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Săn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchesse" title="Tchesse – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tchesse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panganop" title="Panganop – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Panganop" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E" title="狩猎 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="狩猎" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phah-la%CC%8Dh" title="Phah-la̍h – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phah-la̍h" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%93%E7%8D%B5" title="打獵 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="打獵" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36963#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&oldid=85069095" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&id=85069095&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%258B%25A9%25E7%258D%25B5"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%258B%25A9%25E7%258D%25B5"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hunting" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36963" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%93%E7%8D%B5&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="打獵">打獵</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>关于其他用法，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="狩獵 (消歧義)">狩獵 (消歧义)</a></b>」。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>猎人</b>」重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E4%BA%BA_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="獵人 (消歧義)">猎人 (消歧义)</a></b>」。</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:37-svaghi,_caccia,Taccuino_Sanitatis,_Casanatense_4182..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/37-svaghi%2C_caccia%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg/220px-37-svaghi%2C_caccia%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/37-svaghi%2C_caccia%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg/330px-37-svaghi%2C_caccia%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/37-svaghi%2C_caccia%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg/440px-37-svaghi%2C_caccia%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1107" /></a><figcaption>十四世紀的狩獵</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1962-01_1962%E5%B9%B4_%E5%86%AC%E7%8C%8E.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/1962-01_1962%E5%B9%B4_%E5%86%AC%E7%8C%8E.jpg/220px-1962-01_1962%E5%B9%B4_%E5%86%AC%E7%8C%8E.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/1962-01_1962%E5%B9%B4_%E5%86%AC%E7%8C%8E.jpg/330px-1962-01_1962%E5%B9%B4_%E5%86%AC%E7%8C%8E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/1962-01_1962%E5%B9%B4_%E5%86%AC%E7%8C%8E.jpg/440px-1962-01_1962%E5%B9%B4_%E5%86%AC%E7%8C%8E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1321" data-file-height="1599" /></a><figcaption>1962年，冬猎</figcaption></figure> <p><b>狩獵</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>：<span lang="en">hunting</span>）又稱<b>捕獵</b>、<b>打獵</b>，是指<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="人类">人类</a>为了获取<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="食物">食物</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="肉类">肉类</a>）和有经济价值的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81" title="动物产品">动物产品</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E7%9A%AE" title="毛皮">毛皮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%84%E8%A7%92" class="mw-disambig" title="犄角">犄角</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A0%E7%89%99" title="獠牙">獠牙</a>等）、为除<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E5%AE%B3%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="有害生物">害</a>保护人身财产安全或维持<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1" title="生态平衡">生态平衡</a>、甚至纯粹为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E9%97%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="休闲">休闲</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90" class="mw-redirect" title="娱乐">娱乐</a>而捕杀<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="野生动物">野生动物</a>的行为。从事狩猎活动的人员统称<b>猎人</b>（hunter），其中技能娴熟的行家称为<b>猎手</b>（huntsman）<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>人类的狩猎主要针对各类<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="陆生动物">陆生</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="哺乳动物">哺乳动物</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="鸟类">鸟类</a>，但也可能针对<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="海洋哺乳動物">海洋哺乳动物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AC%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="爬行动物">爬行动物</a>甚至<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E6%A0%96%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="两栖动物">两栖动物</a>。狩猎的手段有<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BB%E6%89%93" title="击打">击杀</a>（用<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%9B" title="矛">矛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%89" title="叉">叉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%8D%E5%88%80" class="mw-redirect" title="砍刀">砍刀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%8D%E6%A3%92" title="棍棒">棍棒</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%97%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="格斗武器">格斗武器</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%84%E5%87%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="射击">射杀</a>（用<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%AA%E6%A2%B0" title="枪械">枪械</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%93" title="弓">弓</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A9" title="弩">弩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E5%BC%93" title="弹弓">弹弓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%BC%A6" title="机弦">机弦</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9C%E5%B0%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="远射武器">远射武器</a>）、使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B7%E9%98%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="陷阱">陷阱</a>、使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B9%E7%94%A8%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="役用動物">特训动物</a>（比如<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E7%8A%AC" title="獵犬">猎犬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%B0%E7%8C%8E" title="鹰猎">猎禽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%9C%BC%E8%B2%82" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙眼貂">蒙眼貂</a>）、在追逐过程中使用套索或<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E7%BD%91" title="投网">投网</a>、以及采用<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%90%E5%8A%9B%E6%8D%95%E7%8C%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="耐力捕猎">疲劳追逐</a>等等。 </p><p>狩猎是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="人類演化">人类演化</a>过程中与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="大自然">大自然</a>其它物种<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%9E%E4%BA%89" title="竞争">竞争</a>的产物，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="更新世">更新世</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E7%AB%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="直立人">直立人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E6%99%BA%E4%BA%BA" title="早期智人">早期智人</a>中就是主要生产方式之一（见<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5%E6%8E%A1%E9%9B%86" title="狩獵採集">狩猎采集</a>），直到<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="全新世">全新世</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="新石器革命">新石器革命</a>之后才逐渐被<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%9C%E7%89%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="畜牧业">畜牧业</a>取代，但在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98%E8%BC%89" class="mw-redirect" title="歷史記載">历史记载</a>中仍是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="古代史">古人</a>生活中的一种重要活动。雖然狩猎是历史悠久的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F" title="传统">传统</a>，现今仍然是不少落后地区民族的主要經濟活動，但<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="现代社会">現代社會</a>大部分地区的狩獵活動都受法律限制，某些地方甚至全面禁止。而尚存狩獵合法的地方，也要在許多審查、道德約束與<a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="環境保護">環境保護</a>規範的要求為前提進，并且有各种执照、物种、场地、季节、使用工具和数量的法规限制。未经当地管制批准的违法捕猎称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%B7%E7%8D%B5" title="偷獵">偷猎</a>（poaching）。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="种类"><span id=".E7.A7.8D.E7.B1.BB"></span>种类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：种类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>狩猎的性质多种多样，可以根据具体目的分为以下几种： </p> <ul><li><b>自给狩猎</b>（subsistence hunting）：为了私人温饱需求而进行的狩猎，主要存在于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="史前時期">史前时期</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="古代">古代</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="现代">现代</a>的一些<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A0%E5%8F%91%E8%BE%BE%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="欠发达地区">欠发达地区</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="新石器革命">农业革命</a>以前人类主要的生存活动之一（见<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5%E6%8E%A1%E9%9B%86%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="狩獵採集者">狩猎采集者</a>）；</li> <li><b>商业狩猎</b>（commercial hunting）：也称<b>职业狩猎</b>（professional hunting），指出于<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC" title="商业价值">商业价值</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%88%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="盈利">盈利</a>而进行的有组织狩猎，属于和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%94%E4%B8%9A" title="渔业">商业捕鱼</a>一样的一种<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="第一产业">第一产业</a>活动，但在现代已经十分少见；</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%BF%E5%AE%B3%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E" title="剿害狩猎">剿害狩猎</a></b>（varmint hunting）：简称<b>剿猎</b>（varminting），指为了保护<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%95%E5%9C%B0" title="耕地">农田</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E5%9C%BA" title="牧场">牧场</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B2%E7%95%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="牲畜">牲畜</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%A6%BD" title="家禽">家禽</a>和房屋设施的安全、或是为了保护<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" title="生态环境">生态环境</a>控制<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="入侵物种">入侵物种</a>数量而针对<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E5%AE%B3%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="有害生物">有害物种</a>进行的移除性狩猎，本质上属于服务于<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A" title="农业">农</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E4%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="牧业">牧业</a>的非营利性狩猎，虽然有些剿猎是由为<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%87%E4%BD%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="雇佣">受雇</a>的职业<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%BF%E5%8C%85%E5%95%86" title="承包商">承包商</a>猎人为了营利获取<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E5%85%A5" title="收入">收入</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%9E%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="賞金">赏金</a>完成的；</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E9%97%B2%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E" title="休闲狩猎">休闲狩猎</a></b>（recreational hunting）：也称<b>运动狩猎</b>（sport hunting），指纯粹为个人消遣而以<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="户外运动">户外运动</a>形式进行的狩猎活动，在猎杀完成后也可能会收获猎物的<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E7%B1%BB%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="肉类食物">肉</a>，但通常只会<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1" title="摄影">摄影</a>作为纪念。由于<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="英语国家">英语国家</a>有把寻觅的优质<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E7%89%A9" title="獵物">猎物</a>比喻成“游戏玩物”（game）的传统，因此休闲狩猎也被称为<b>游戏狩猎</b>（game hunting）或<b>游猎</b>（gaming），所获得的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E5%91%B3" title="野味">野味</a>肉食被称作“游戏肉”（game meat），被动物常走踩出的林间<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%BE%84" class="mw-redirect" title="小径">小径</a>称作“游戏小径”（game trail），专门用于狩猎使用的天然绿地称作“游戏保留地”（game reserve），维护<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%8E%E5%9C%BA" title="猎场">猎场</a>内猎物数量的专业<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E5%A0%B4%E7%9C%8B%E5%AE%88" title="獵場看守">猎场看守</a>（通常是经验丰富的职业猎手）称作“游戏看守”（gamekeeper），负责执法监管的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3%E5%AE%98" title="狩獵監督官">狩猎监督官</a>称作“游戏督管”（game warden）； <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%93%81%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" title="戰利品狩獵">战利品狩猎</a></b>（trophy hunting）：指休闲狩猎中专门以获取并<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E8%97%8F" title="收藏">收藏</a>猎物的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%B8%E9%AA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="骸骨">骸骨</a>、毛皮或<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%9D%E8%A3%BD" title="剝製">剥制</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="遺體">遗体</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E6%9C%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="标本">标本</a>作为证明个人成就的“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%96%E6%9D%AF" title="奖杯">奖杯</a>”或“<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%93%81" title="戰利品">战利品</a>”为目的的猎杀行为，针对的目标通常是身强力壮、较难捕杀的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E6%8E%A0%E9%A3%9F%E8%80%85" title="顶级掠食者">顶级掠食者</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E5%9E%8B%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="巨型动物群">巨型动物群</a>（比如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%94%E9%9C%B8" title="非洲五霸">非洲五霸</a>）中较为罕见的优等个体（通常为<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A2%86" title="社群首领">顶级</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%84%E6%80%A7" title="雄性">雄性</a>），甚至是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5" title="保护状况">受保护</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%A8%80%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="珍稀动物">珍稀动物</a>；</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E" title="生态狩猎">生态狩猎</a></b>（eco-hunting）：也称<b>绿色狩猎</b>（green hunting），指使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E8%87%B4%E5%91%BD%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="非致命性武器">非致命</a>手段（比如<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E9%86%89%E6%9E%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="麻醉枪">麻醉枪</a>，或配有<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E9%86%89%E5%8A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="麻醉劑">麻醉剂</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E5%B0%84%E5%99%A8" title="注射器">针头</a>做<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%AD%E5%A4%B4" title="箭头">箭头</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%93%E7%AE%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="弓箭">弓箭</a><sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）将猎物击倒捕捉后尽可能无伤害放生的狩猎行为<sup id="cite_ref-:10_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，通常被<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%BD%E5%8C%BB" title="兽医">兽医</a>用来对<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA" title="自然保护区">自然保护区</a>内的野生动物进行医疗、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E6%A3%80" class="mw-redirect" title="活检">活检</a>采样、GPS监视和人为迁移<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-artedocu_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artedocu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。绿色狩猎还可以用来提供一种更符合<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="野生动物保护">野生动物保护</a>的休闲狩猎方式，用来取代损失不可逆的传统狩猎<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，概念上与现代休闲<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%AD%9A" title="捕魚">捕鱼</a>中倡导的“<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%89%E5%AE%8C%E5%B0%B1%E6%94%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="捉完就放">捉完就放</a>”（catch and release）相似，可以让猎手在能享受到捕猎成功的快感同时不需要真正去牺牲猎物的性命——在猎物被麻醉倒后，猎手依旧可以像传统狩猎那样与猎物拍照合影、测量尺寸、甚至收集<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E5%8F%91" title="毛发">毛发</a>作为纪念，狩猎俱乐部也通常会承认成功记录并可以颁发额外制作的奖状<sup id="cite_ref-:5_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而绿色狩猎形式的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C" title="狩獵旅行">狩猎旅行</a>的费用也通常更加便宜，因为顾客不需要补偿保护区的野生动物<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="成本">成本</a>损失。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="方式"><span id=".E6.96.B9.E5.BC.8F"></span>方式</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：方式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="定点式"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.82.B9.E5.BC.8F"></span>定点式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：定点式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>狙猎</b>（sniping）：通常用于<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%BF%E5%AE%B3%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E" title="剿害狩猎">剿害狩猎</a>，在隐蔽处或普通观察范围外的射击点对较远处的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E7%89%A9" title="獵物">猎物</a>进行射杀，与军队的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%99%E5%87%BB%E6%89%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="狙击手">狙击手</a>相似。</li> <li><b>伏猎</b>（ambushing）：在猎物时常出没的活动路径附近设置隐秘的伏击点，等待目标出现后将其捕杀。专门建造用来伏猎的设施包括猎棚（hunting blind）、树架（tree stand，通常配合<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%93%E7%AE%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="弓箭">弓箭</a>使用）等。</li> <li><b>诱猎</b>（baiting）：伏猎的一个变种，用某种诱饵（通常是<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="食物">食物</a>或猎物通常<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%A3%9F" title="捕食">捕食</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%85%90" class="mw-redirect" title="食腐">食腐</a>的目标动物），或者模仿食物或<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E6%83%85%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="發情期">发情期</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8C%E6%80%A7" title="雌性">雌性</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B3" title="声音">声音</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%91%B3" title="氣味">气味</a>，吸引猎物（通常为体能较强的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%84%E6%80%A7" title="雄性">雄性</a>）进入伏击区域以便将其捕杀。</li> <li><b>毒猎</b>（poisoning）：诱猎的变种，使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E8%8D%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="毒药">毒药</a>诱杀猎物。</li> <li><b>阱猎</b>（trapping）：在猎物通常的活动路径上安装各类<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B7%E9%98%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="陷阱">陷阱</a>擒获捕杀猎物，经常会配合诱饵使用。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="移动式"><span id=".E7.A7.BB.E5.8A.A8.E5.BC.8F"></span>移动式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：移动式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>跟猎</b>（stalking）：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E9%97%B2%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E" title="休闲狩猎">休闲狩猎</a>最常见的手段，猎手徒步穿越猎物活动区域试图寻找踪迹并实施跟踪，在确定发现目标后伺机靠近并猎杀。跟猎从<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="近世">近</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="现代">现代</a>开始的主要形式是枪猎（gun hunting），通常使用大<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E5%BE%91" title="口徑">口径</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%A7%8D%E6%A9%9F" title="手動槍機">手动</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A5%E6%9E%AA" title="步枪">步枪</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B0%E5%BD%88%E6%A7%8D" title="霰彈槍">霰弹枪</a>，但此外还可以根据<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%96%9C%E5%A5%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="个人喜好">个人喜好</a>选择使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%93%E7%AE%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="弓箭">弓箭</a>（弓猎 bowhunting）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A9" title="弩">弩弓</a>（crossbow hunting）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%9B" title="矛">长矛</a>（矛猎 spear hunting）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E5%BC%93" title="弹弓">弹弓</a>（slingshot hunting）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%BC%A6" title="机弦">机弦</a>（sling hunting）等<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B7%E8%88%8A" title="懷舊">怀旧</a>手段。</li> <li><b>照猎</b>（spotlighting）：与跟猎相似，通常使用机动车辆穿越猎物活动区域，用高<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AE%E5%BA%A6" title="亮度">亮度</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A2%E7%85%A7%E7%81%AF" title="探照灯">探照灯</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E9%9B%BB%E7%AD%92" title="手電筒">手电筒</a>照射周围并试图发现目标的<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%88%E7%B5%A1%E8%86%9C%E5%B1%A4" title="脈絡膜層">眼膜反光</a>，而强光还会使得一些猎物暂时失明并停止运动，方便将其射杀。在一些国家和地区违法。</li> <li><b>追猎</b>（pursuing）：主动追逐猎物并在移动过程中将其捕杀，传统是靠<a href="/wiki/%E9%A8%8E%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="騎馬">骑马</a>，而现代通常依赖<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%8B%95%E8%BB%8A%E8%BC%9B" title="機動車輛">机动车辆</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E9%87%8E%E8%BD%A6" title="越野车">越野车</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%8D%A1" title="皮卡">皮卡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2%E8%BD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="全地形车">全地形车</a>等）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%8D%87%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="直升机">直升机</a>（主要用于剿猎）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%89%98%E8%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="摩托艇">摩托艇</a>（针对岸边猎物）等。</li> <li><b>畜猎</b>（coursing）：使用受过特殊训练的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B9%E7%95%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="役畜">役畜</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E7%8A%AC" title="獵犬">猎犬</a>）和被<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AF%E5%8C%96" title="驯化">驯化</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%A3%9F%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="捕食者">捕食者</a>（比如<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%B0%E7%8C%8E" title="鹰猎">猎鹰</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%9C%BC%E8%B2%82" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙眼貂">蒙眼貂</a>，历史上还有<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%8E%E8%B1%B9" title="猎豹">猎豹</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B0%E8%B2%93" title="獰貓">狞猫</a>）去搜寻并追杀抓捕猎物。</li> <li><b>扰猎</b>（flushing）：通常用于捕杀<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E7%A6%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="飞禽">飞禽</a>，用人和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E7%8A%AC" title="獵犬">猎犬</a>的吓喝、劈打<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%9C%A8" title="灌木">灌木</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E8%A2%AB" title="植被">植被</a>或烟熏火烧的方式惊扰猎物，使其因为恐惧逃离之前藏身的栖身地，在目标彻底暴露在没有视线遮掩的开阔空间后再实施捕杀。</li> <li><b>驱猎</b>（driving、herding或battue）：一种与扰猎的概念相近的混合式狩猎，通常由两组人配合进行，其中一组为助手只负责恐吓并追逐猎物，将目标赶入由另一组负责的、真正利于实施捕杀的区域，而另一组的猎手可以选择伏击、阻击或陷阱式的猎捕手段。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="旧石器时代早中期"><span id=".E6.97.A7.E7.9F.B3.E5.99.A8.E6.97.B6.E4.BB.A3.E6.97.A9.E4.B8.AD.E6.9C.9F"></span>旧石器时代早中期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：旧石器时代早中期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4" title="狩猎假说">狩猎假说</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%90%E5%8A%9B%E8%B7%91%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4" title="耐力跑假说">耐力跑假说</a></div> <p>狩猎历史悠久，比<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E4%BA%BA" title="智人">智人</a>出现还要早，甚至可能早于整个<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B1%9E" title="人属">人属</a>。 </p><p>狩猎没有争议的最古老证据来自于<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="旧石器时代早期">旧石器时代早期</a>，与<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E7%AB%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="直立人">直立人</a>的出现和扩张相吻合，大概在170万年前（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%88%8D%E5%88%A9" title="阿舍利">阿舍利</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。虽然直立人的猎人身份毫无争议，其在直立人从<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%A4%E7%8C%BF" title="南方古猿">南方古猿</a>祖先进化过程中的重要性——包括生产<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8" title="石器">石器</a>和最终<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AF%B9%E7%81%AB%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8" title="早期人类对火的使用">使用火</a>——在所谓的“<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4" title="狩猎假说">狩猎假说</a>”中被强调，但在其它注重<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%82%E9%A3%9F%E6%80%A7%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="杂食性动物">杂食</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="社会关系">社会关系</a>的设定中却被淡化。<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4" title="狩猎假说">狩猎假说</a>把<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9F" title="旧石器时代中期">旧石器时代中期</a>出现的人类<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7" title="行为现代性">行为现代性</a>直接与狩猎向联系，包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%85%8D" title="交配">交配</a>行为、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="语言">语言</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="神话">神话</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E7%A5%AD" title="動物祭">动物祭</a>的发展。 </p><p>目前没有直接证据证明狩猎早于直立人，无论是<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="能人">能人</a>还是南方古猿都没有。人类的早期<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%91" title="人科">人科</a>祖先大概率是果食或杂食，用<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%85%90" class="mw-redirect" title="食腐">食腐</a>而不是猎杀的方式获得一些<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E7%B1%BB%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="肉类食物">肉类食物</a>，南方古猿食肉的证据在1990年代就曾被报告过<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。尽管如此，学术界的假设是在人属出现之前，至少偶尔的狩猎行为就已经存在。这一点可以从与人类最近的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E7%94%9F%E7%A8%AE" title="現生種">现存</a>亲戚——<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%8C%A9%E7%8C%A9" title="黑猩猩">黑猩猩</a>的行为可以看出。黑猩猩经常采取由<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A2%86" title="社群首领">首领</a>组织结团的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%A3%9F" title="捕食">捕食</a>行为，说明早在500万年前的黑猩猩与人的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="最近共同祖先">最近共同祖先</a>应该也有类似的狩猎行为。<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AD%E9%BB%91%E7%8C%A9%E7%8C%A9" title="倭黑猩猩">倭黑猩猩</a>也被观察到偶尔放弃食果去进行群体捕食<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，虽然频率远低于黑猩猩<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%90%AC" title="奧都萬">奥都万</a>时期早期人类或晚期古猿进行狩猎的间接证据在2009年一个在<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="肯尼亚">肯尼亚</a>西南遗址的研究中被展现报告<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>美国<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="考古学家">考古学家</a>刘易斯·宾福德（Lewis Binford，1931～2011）在1986年的一份报告中批判了晚期古猿和早期人类是猎人的设想。基于对动物残骸的骨骼分析，他的出结论认为早期人科主要是食腐者而非掠食者<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。罗伯特·布卢门斯钦（Robert J. Blumenschine）则拿出了“对抗性食腐”的提议，认为早期人类会用挑战并赶跑掠食者抢夺刚被捕杀的猎物尸体的方式获得蛋白质丰富的肉类食物<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>早在50万年前的石质矛头在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a>曾被发现<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。木质材料很难保存，但是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="南加州大学">南加州大学</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E9%95%BF%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="灵长类学">灵长类学</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="人类学">人类学</a>教授克雷格·斯坦福（Craig Stanford）提出黑猩猩学会使用长矛说明了500万年前的早期人类大概也会使用木制长矛<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。现有发现的木制猎用长矛最早大约在30万年前的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F" title="旧石器时代晚期">旧石器时代晚期</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>在1976年发现的<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%B9" title="舍宁根">舍宁根</a>矛与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%A0%A1%E4%BA%BA" title="海德堡人">海德堡人</a>有关联<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="旧石器时代晚期和中石器时代"><span id=".E6.97.A7.E7.9F.B3.E5.99.A8.E6.97.B6.E4.BB.A3.E6.99.9A.E6.9C.9F.E5.92.8C.E4.B8.AD.E7.9F.B3.E5.99.A8.E6.97.B6.E4.BB.A3"></span>旧石器时代晚期和中石器时代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：旧石器时代晚期和中石器时代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5%E6%8E%A1%E9%9B%86" title="狩獵採集">狩猎采集</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Algerien_Desert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Algerien_Desert.jpg/220px-Algerien_Desert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Algerien_Desert.jpg/330px-Algerien_Desert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Algerien_Desert.jpg/440px-Algerien_Desert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1958" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>撒哈拉岩画上的史前弓箭手狩猎</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:21_Walrus_Hunt_1999.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/21_Walrus_Hunt_1999.jpg/220px-21_Walrus_Hunt_1999.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/21_Walrus_Hunt_1999.jpg/330px-21_Walrus_Hunt_1999.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/21_Walrus_Hunt_1999.jpg/440px-21_Walrus_Hunt_1999.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="809" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E7%BA%BD%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="因纽特人">因纽特人</a>猎杀<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%A1" title="海象">海象</a>，1999年</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Figured_Olpe_depicting_the_return_of_a_hunter_and_his_dog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Black_Figured_Olpe_depicting_the_return_of_a_hunter_and_his_dog.jpg/220px-Black_Figured_Olpe_depicting_the_return_of_a_hunter_and_his_dog.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Black_Figured_Olpe_depicting_the_return_of_a_hunter_and_his_dog.jpg/330px-Black_Figured_Olpe_depicting_the_return_of_a_hunter_and_his_dog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Black_Figured_Olpe_depicting_the_return_of_a_hunter_and_his_dog.jpg/440px-Black_Figured_Olpe_depicting_the_return_of_a_hunter_and_his_dog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>古希腊画有猎手和狗归家的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%BD%A9%E9%99%B6%E5%99%A8" title="黑彩陶器">黑彩陶器</a>，公元前540年制于<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8" title="雅典">雅典</a>，在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="罗德岛">罗德岛</a>被发现</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%A6rvspids,_Bjerlev_Hede.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/K%C3%A6rvspids%2C_Bjerlev_Hede.jpg/220px-K%C3%A6rvspids%2C_Bjerlev_Hede.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/K%C3%A6rvspids%2C_Bjerlev_Hede.jpg/330px-K%C3%A6rvspids%2C_Bjerlev_Hede.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/K%C3%A6rvspids%2C_Bjerlev_Hede.jpg/440px-K%C3%A6rvspids%2C_Bjerlev_Hede.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="日德兰半岛">日德兰半岛</a>中部发现的<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%A7%E7%9F%B3" title="燧石">燧石</a>利器，大约公元前12500年，被认为是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a>最古老的猎具</figcaption></figure> <p>有证据证明人类的狩猎可能是<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%BA%AA%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="第四纪灭绝事件">第四纪灭绝事件</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96%E5%B7%A8%E5%9E%8B%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E7%BE%A4" title="更新世巨型動物群">更新世巨型动物群</a>最终被小型<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%8D%89%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="食草动物">食草动物</a>取代的环境因素之一<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="北美洲">北美洲</a>的巨型动物灭绝恰好和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%BB%99%E5%A5%B3%E6%9C%A8%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="新仙女木事件">新仙女木事件</a>相吻合，因此在造成史前物种损失方面可能不像以前想象的那样紧要<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但是在其它地区，比如<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E5%B7%A8%E5%9E%8B%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲巨型动物群">澳洲巨型动物群</a>在人类到来前非常普遍但之后随即消失，因此人类活动被认为是在它们灭绝中扮演了非常显著的角色<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>狩猎是狩猎采集社会在1.1万年前农业兴起前人类生活的重要部分。除了<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E7%9F%9B" class="mw-disambig" title="长矛">长矛</a>以外，<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F" title="旧石器时代晚期">旧石器时代晚期</a>还出现了许多新的狩猎工具，比如<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E6%A7%8D%E5%99%A8" title="投槍器">投枪器</a>（3万年前）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%93%E7%AE%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="弓箭">弓箭</a>（1.8万年前）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E7%9F%B3%E7%B4%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="投石索">投石索</a>（1.2万年前）。到了1.5万年前的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="中石器时代">中石器时代</a>，狩猎策略也随着狗的驯化和武器射程的增加而变得更加多样化。有证据将最早的用<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E7%9F%9B" class="mw-disambig" title="长矛">长矛</a>捕杀<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%9B%E7%8A%B8%E8%B1%A1" title="猛犸象">猛犸象</a>定格在约1.62万年前的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。历史上许多动物种类都曾被猎杀，其中在旧石器晚期的北美洲和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" class="mw-redirect" title="欧亚大陆">欧亚大陆</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AF%E9%B9%BF" title="驯鹿">驯鹿</a>因为数量繁多并广泛分布于<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F" title="欧亚大草原">欧亚大草原</a>，可能是整个人类史发展中和狩猎相关的最重要的一个物种<sup id="cite_ref-Burch_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burch-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>中石器时期的狩猎采集者生活在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%A5%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="撒哈拉以南非洲">撒哈拉以南非洲</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="西伯利亚">西伯利亚</a>的许多地区以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亚大陆">澳大利亚大陆</a>全境都被保留下来，直到<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0" title="地理大发现">地理大发现</a>时期欧洲殖民者到来为止。这种生活方式在现今一些部落社会中仍然持续，但是数量已急剧减少。在近现代才放弃旧石器时代狩猎采集式生活的民族包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" title="巴西原住民">亚马逊原住民</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="非洲中部">非洲中部</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="非洲南部">南部</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E4%BA%BA" title="桑人">桑人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="新几内亚">新几内亚</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%A4%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="法尤族">法尤族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝">老挝</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%BA" title="米拉比里人">米拉比里人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="斯里兰卡">斯里兰卡</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E8%BE%BE%E4%BA%BA" title="维达人">维达人</a>以及其他一些<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E6%8E%A5%E8%A7%B8%E9%83%A8%E8%90%BD" title="未接觸部落">未接触部落</a>。非洲最后的狩猎采集部落之一是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="坦桑尼亚">坦桑尼亚</a>的哈扎人<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81" title="秘鲁">秘鲁</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E8%AB%BE%E5%8D%80" title="普諾區">普诺区</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%AC%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" class="mw-redirect" title="安第斯山脉">安第斯山脉</a>的一处遗址中曾发现一具9000年前女性猎手的遗骸，随葬的还有一整套<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%AD%E5%A4%B4" title="箭头">箭头</a>和用来加工动物的工具<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，说明女性在石器时代也有参与狩猎的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="新石器时代和古代"><span id=".E6.96.B0.E7.9F.B3.E5.99.A8.E6.97.B6.E4.BB.A3.E5.92.8C.E5.8F.A4.E4.BB.A3"></span>新石器时代和古代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：新石器时代和古代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goguryeo_tomb_mural.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Goguryeo_tomb_mural.jpg/220px-Goguryeo_tomb_mural.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Goguryeo_tomb_mural.jpg/330px-Goguryeo_tomb_mural.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Goguryeo_tomb_mural.jpg/440px-Goguryeo_tomb_mural.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="611" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%A5%E4%B8%BD%E5%8F%A4%E5%A2%93%E7%BE%A4" title="高句丽古墓群">高句丽古墓群</a>的狩猎壁画</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diana_of_Versailles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Diana_of_Versailles.jpg/220px-Diana_of_Versailles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="419" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Diana_of_Versailles.jpg/330px-Diana_of_Versailles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Diana_of_Versailles.jpg/440px-Diana_of_Versailles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2990" data-file-height="5699" /></a><figcaption>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%80%B3%E5%BF%92%E5%BC%A5%E6%96%AF" title="阿耳忒弥斯">阿耳忒弥斯</a>与雌鹿》，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="古希腊">古希腊</a>雕像的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="古罗马">古罗马</a>复制版，利奥哈雷斯于公元前325年所刻</figcaption></figure> <p>即使在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="新石器革命">新石器革命</a>让<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AF%E5%8C%96" title="驯化">驯化</a>动物和农业<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E6%A4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="种植">种植</a>变得普及之后，狩猎仍在人类的食品供应中贡献很大，除了提供补充的<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E9%A3%9F" class="mw-disambig" title="肉食">肉食</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8" title="蛋白质">蛋白质</a>以外还可以提供用于制造工具的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼">骨骼</a>、制造绳索的<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B1" title="腱">筋腱</a>、制造<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A3%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="衣物">衣物</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%9D%A9" title="皮革">皮革</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E7%9A%AE" title="毛皮">毛皮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%BD%E6%AF%9B" title="羽毛">羽毛</a>等等。 </p><p>狩猎在气候不适合<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%95%E4%BD%9C" title="耕作">耕作</a>和畜牧的边缘化地区仍是重要的生活方式<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。比如，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="北极圈">北极圈</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E7%BA%BD%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="因纽特人">因纽特人</a>就依赖陷阱捕杀<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="海洋哺乳動物">海洋哺乳动物</a>用来制作衣物、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9E%8B" title="鞋">鞋</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%B4" title="靴">靴</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%89%87" title="皮艇">皮艇</a>。 </p><p>在古代（特别是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E7%B4%A2%E4%B8%8D%E8%BE%BE%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A" title="美索不达米亚">美索不达米亚</a>的）<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E9%9B%95" title="浮雕">浮雕</a>上，国王通常被描写为捕杀大型猎物（比如狮子）的猎手，而且通常骑在<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E8%B1%A1" title="戰象">战象</a>身上。狩猎在古代社会中的文化和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="心理">心理</a>重要性则可以从<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="古典时代">古典时代</a>的角神（比如<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%AA%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%AF" title="科尔努诺斯">科尔努诺斯</a>）和众多<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%A5%9E" title="月神">月神</a>（比如<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF" title="荷鲁斯">荷鲁斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%80%B3%E5%BF%92%E5%BC%A5%E6%96%AF" title="阿耳忒弥斯">阿耳忒弥斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E9%98%BF%E5%A8%9C" title="狄阿娜">狄阿娜</a>）等神灵的设定上看出来。各种<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E5%BF%8C" title="禁忌">禁忌</a>也都与被授予了灵性的猎物品种有关，比如在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%99%E5%AE%87" class="mw-redirect" title="庙宇">庙宇</a>周边通常都是禁猎区。<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E9%87%8C%E5%BA%87%E5%BE%97%E6%96%AF" title="欧里庇得斯">欧里庇得斯</a>有关阿耳忒弥斯和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E6%B3%B0%E7%BF%81" title="阿克泰翁">阿克泰翁</a>的传说也可以看做是警告猎手不要亵渎猎物和自恋吹嘘。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC%E9%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="犬類">犬类</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%9B%E7%A6%BD" title="猛禽">猛禽</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%AC%E9%BC%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鼬鼠">鼬鼠</a>被驯化后，许多用动物辅助的狩猎形式开始发展，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E" title="欧洲中世纪狩猎">欧洲中世纪狩猎</a>中采用的嗅猎、追猎、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%B0%E7%8C%8E" title="鹰猎">鹰猎</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%9C%BC%E8%B2%82" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙眼貂">貂猎</a>。而一些特长<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC%E7%A8%AE" title="犬種">犬种</a>也被逐渐培养出来用于特殊的狩猎方式，包括近现代才出现的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%AA%E7%8C%8E%E7%8A%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="枪猎犬">枪猎犬</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="农牧业社会"><span id=".E5.86.9C.E7.89.A7.E4.B8.9A.E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A"></span>农牧业社会</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：农牧业社会"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>尽管<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A" title="农业">农业</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%9C%E7%89%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="畜牧业">畜牧业</a>愈发普及，狩猎在环境和社会条件所允许的地区仍保持为人类文明中的一部分。狩猎采集社会仍然存在，虽然越来越被限制在边缘地区。即使在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="農業社會">农业社会</a>，针对那些对家畜有威胁或有竞争压力的动物并试图将其<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95" title="局部地區滅絕">局部灭绝</a>的狩猎仍然是很重要的社会活动。 </p><p>当狩猎从生计活动开始变为社交活动后，出现了两个趋势： </p> <ol><li>拥有特殊训练和器材的专业猎手开始出现；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B1%82%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="上层社会">上层社会</a>开始将狩猎看做一种“体育运动”。</li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobleman_in_Hunting_Costume_preceded_by_his_Servant_trying_to_find_the_Scent_of_a_Stag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nobleman_in_Hunting_Costume_preceded_by_his_Servant_trying_to_find_the_Scent_of_a_Stag.png/220px-Nobleman_in_Hunting_Costume_preceded_by_his_Servant_trying_to_find_the_Scent_of_a_Stag.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nobleman_in_Hunting_Costume_preceded_by_his_Servant_trying_to_find_the_Scent_of_a_Stag.png/330px-Nobleman_in_Hunting_Costume_preceded_by_his_Servant_trying_to_find_the_Scent_of_a_Stag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nobleman_in_Hunting_Costume_preceded_by_his_Servant_trying_to_find_the_Scent_of_a_Stag.png/440px-Nobleman_in_Hunting_Costume_preceded_by_his_Servant_trying_to_find_the_Scent_of_a_Stag.png 2x" data-file-width="1435" data-file-height="1465" /></a><figcaption>14世纪的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="贵族">贵族</a>带着仆人追寻雄鹿味迹</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中古英语">中古英语</a>中“游戏”（game）一词开始衍生包括“<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E7%89%A9" title="獵物">猎物</a>”的意思，而随着猎物由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%85%E9%9C%80%E5%93%81" title="必需品">必需品</a>变成<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A2%E4%BE%88%E5%93%81" title="奢侈品">奢侈品</a>，风格化的狩猎也变成了一种奢侈生活的表现。危险性高的狩猎，比如骑马或乘车猎狮或猎野猪，拥有了和中世纪比武一样追求雄性<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E6%AD%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="尚武">尚武</a>的功能，变成了<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="贵族">贵族</a>们在和平时期练习作战的荣誉型和竞争性消遣运动<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="中世紀歐洲">中世纪欧洲</a>的大部分地区，上流社会垄断了在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="封地">封地</a>上进行狩猎的权力。猎物作为食物和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E7%9A%AE" title="毛皮">毛皮</a>的来源，也成了贵族们消遣的工具。这种猎物的专属权可以从民间<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%BE%E6%B1%89" title="罗宾汉">罗宾汉</a>故事中<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%96%E4%B9%8B%E5%BE%92" title="法外之徒">法外之徒</a>的主要罪过是“猎杀国王的鹿”看出来。与其对比的是，英系<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="殖民地">殖民地</a>的定居者常常将任何人都可狩猎看做是一种<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="民主">民主</a>的荣誉<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E5%85%A7%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8F%B8%E5%90%84%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%84%9B%E7%95%99%E6%A0%B9%E7%B4%8D" title="約翰內斯·司各特·愛留根納">约翰内斯·司各特·爱留根纳</a>则把狩猎定义成“七大俗技”（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la"><i>Artes mechanicae</i></span>）之一<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>，狩獵行之有年。唐代<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E5%AE%97%E5%85%83" title="柳宗元">柳宗元</a>記載有永州有姓蔣的捕蛇者，世代以捕蛇為業<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。宋朝詩人<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%BA%AD%E5%9D%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="黄庭坚">黄庭坚</a>《戏咏江南土风》詩曰：“饭香猎户分熊白，酒熟渔家擘蟹黄。” <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%A5%BD%E9%97%AE" title="元好问">元好问</a> 《薛明府去思口号》之三：“只从明府到，猎户得安眠。”明朝有專門獵虎的獵戶，<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E6%9D%B1%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-disambig" title="戴東原">戴東原</a>稱：“明代有唐某，甫新婚而戕於虎，其婦後生一子，祝之曰：‘爾不能殺虎，非我子也。後世子孫，如不能殺虎，亦皆非我子孫也。’故唐氏世世能捕虎。”<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="满人">滿人</a>的前身<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="女真族">女真族</a>素為漁獵民族，故<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="清朝皇帝">清朝皇帝</a>打獵本是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E6%B3%95" class="mw-disambig" title="家法">家法</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E6%85%B6%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="嘉慶帝">嘉慶帝</a>稱“射獵為本朝家法，綏遠實國大綱”<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。清代有一皇家猎苑<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%B4%E5%9C%BA" title="木兰围场">木兰围场</a>位于河北省承德市围场满族蒙古族自治县，与内蒙古草原接壤。從康熙到嘉庆，皇帝每年都要率<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="王公">王公</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="大臣">大臣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%97%97" title="八旗">八旗</a>勇士来这里举行以射猎为主的活动<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8D%E7%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="木蘭圍獵">木兰围猎</a>，共計有105次。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%27Jachtgezellen%27_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-1023.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%27Jachtgezellen%27_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-1023.jpeg/220px-%27Jachtgezellen%27_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-1023.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%27Jachtgezellen%27_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-1023.jpeg/330px-%27Jachtgezellen%27_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-1023.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%27Jachtgezellen%27_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-1023.jpeg/440px-%27Jachtgezellen%27_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-1023.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="5406" data-file-height="3974" /></a><figcaption>《狩猎伴侣》，19世纪荷兰<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E7%94%BB" title="油画">油画</a>——两只<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E7%8A%AC" title="獵犬">猎犬</a>、一支<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B0%E5%BD%88%E6%A7%8D" title="霰彈槍">霰弹枪</a>和一个猎物袋</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="犬类的使用"><span id=".E7.8A.AC.E7.B1.BB.E7.9A.84.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8"></span>犬类的使用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：犬类的使用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>虽然许多动物（比如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%BC" title="隼">隼</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%9C%BC%E8%B2%82" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙眼貂">蒙眼貂</a>）都被用来协助猎手，<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC%E9%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="犬類">犬类</a>始终是最重要的猎用动物。狗的驯化导致了与人类的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F" title="共生">共生</a>关系，狗依赖人提供住所、食物和医治<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，人类用<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E7%8A%AC" title="獵犬">猎犬</a>协助捕杀危险或难以寻觅的猎物。不同品种的狗也被培育出来应对不同形式的狩猎，比如各类<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E7%A6%BD" title="游禽">游禽</a>通常用<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%AA%E7%8C%8E%E7%8A%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="枪猎犬">枪猎犬</a>协助寻找、逼飞和寻回。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" title="英格兰">英格兰</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="威尔士">威尔士</a>，用狗协助狩猎野生动物（比如<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%90%E7%8B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="狐狸">狐狸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E5%85%94" class="mw-redirect" title="野兔">野兔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF" title="鹿">鹿</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%BC%AC" title="水鼬">水鼬</a>等）被《2004年狩猎法》（Hunting Act 2004）禁止，但有些情况属于例外<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="目的"><span id=".E7.9B.AE.E7.9A.84"></span>目的</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：目的"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="獲得食材"><span id=".E7.8D.B2.E5.BE.97.E9.A3.9F.E6.9D.90"></span>獲得食材</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：獲得食材"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venison_escalope_raw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Venison_escalope_raw.jpg/220px-Venison_escalope_raw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Venison_escalope_raw.jpg/330px-Venison_escalope_raw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Venison_escalope_raw.jpg/440px-Venison_escalope_raw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E8%82%89" title="鹿肉">鹿肉</a>是狩猎最常收获的食材</figcaption></figure> <p>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="野生动物">野生动物</a>之间的相互<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%A3%9F" title="捕食">捕食</a>一样，狩猎在人类发展史中最基本的目的就是為了獲得<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="食物">食物</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="史前時期">史前时期</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5%E6%8E%A1%E9%9B%86" title="狩獵採集">狩獵採集</a>是人类族群主要的生存方式。即使到了<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="新石器革命">新石器革命</a>之后<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A" title="农业">农</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E4%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="牧业">牧业</a>兴起，狩猎在很长一段时间仍然是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="人类社会">人类社会</a>底层的主要温饱手段之一。现今狩猎收集的<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E7%B1%BB%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="肉类食物">肉食</a>大多只是丰富人们出于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%BD%E5%A5%87%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="好奇心">好奇心</a>引发的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%90%E9%A5%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="餐饮">餐饮</a>需求，也就是俗称的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E5%91%B3" title="野味">野味</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>用狩獵方式所獲得的野生動物的肉稱為<i>gibier</i>（獵物），作為有獨特風味的高級<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E6%96%99%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="法式料理">法式料理</a>被食用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="商业目的"><span id=".E5.95.86.E4.B8.9A.E7.9B.AE.E7.9A.84"></span>商业目的</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：商业目的"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pallet_of_seized_raw_ivory_(USFWS).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pallet_of_seized_raw_ivory_%28USFWS%29.jpg/220px-Pallet_of_seized_raw_ivory_%28USFWS%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pallet_of_seized_raw_ivory_%28USFWS%29.jpg/330px-Pallet_of_seized_raw_ivory_%28USFWS%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pallet_of_seized_raw_ivory_%28USFWS%29.jpg/440px-Pallet_of_seized_raw_ivory_%28USFWS%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="737" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E7%89%99" title="象牙">象牙</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%80%E7%89%9B" title="犀牛">犀</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%84%E8%A7%92" class="mw-disambig" title="犄角">角</a>贸易是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%97%E7%8C%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="盗猎">盗猎</a>最常见的原因</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>除了食材，狩猎还可以获取能换得经济价值的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81" title="动物产品">动物产品</a>，主要包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%9D%A9" title="皮革">皮革</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E7%9A%AE" title="毛皮">毛皮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%BD%E6%AF%9B" title="羽毛">羽毛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼">骨骼</a>（比如<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E9%AA%A8%E9%85%92" title="虎骨酒">虎骨</a>）、獸腳（比如<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E6%8E%8C" title="熊掌">熊掌</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%84%E8%A7%92" class="mw-disambig" title="犄角">犄角</a>（比如<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%80%E8%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="犀角">犀角</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E8%A7%92" title="鹿角">鹿角</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A0%E7%89%99" title="獠牙">獠牙</a>（比如<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E7%89%99" title="象牙">象牙</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E8%84%82" class="mw-redirect" title="油脂">油脂</a>、特殊<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="分泌物">分泌物</a>（比如<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E8%86%BD" title="熊膽">熊胆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%9D%E9%A6%99" title="麝香">麝香</a>）等。绝大多数<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%B7%E7%8D%B5" title="偷獵">偷猎</a>行为也是抱有这个目的。</li> <li>制作<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%9D%E8%A3%BD" title="剝製">剥制</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E6%9C%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="标本">标本</a>，并做为模型卖给<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="博物馆">博物馆</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E8%97%8F%E5%AE%B6" title="收藏家">收藏家</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C" title="狩獵旅行">狩猎旅行</a>（safari）是许多经济不景气的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>国家民间许多旅游组织重要的收入来源，特别是针对“<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%94%E9%9C%B8" title="非洲五霸">非洲五霸</a>”的狩猎。更讽刺的是，一些<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA" title="自然保护区">自然保护区</a>因为公共预算匮乏无法支付开销，甚至完全依赖外来的付费游客（通常来自经济发达但本地有法律限制的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="欧美">欧美</a>国家）参与捕杀<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%A8%80%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="珍稀动物">珍稀动物</a>才能维持生计。</li> <li>响应某些<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="政策">政策</a>鼓励而参与的有偿狩猎，比如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="十九世紀">十九世纪</a>晚期<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>白人猎手<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8E%E7%89%9B#十九世紀的野牛捕獵" title="美洲野牛">大规模猎杀美洲野牛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亚</a>针对<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%90%E7%8B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="狐狸">狐狸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%8B%97" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="野狗">野狗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E9%A9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="野驴">野驴</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%86%E9%A9%BC" title="骆驼">骆驼</a>的赏金狩猎、以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="紐芬蘭島">纽芬兰</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%BC%E9%B9%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="驼鹿">驼鹿</a>狩猎。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="管理野生動物"><span id=".E7.AE.A1.E7.90.86.E9.87.8E.E7.94.9F.E5.8B.95.E7.89.A9"></span>管理野生動物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：管理野生動物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>獵殺對人類有威脅的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E6%8E%A0%E9%A3%9F%E8%80%85" title="顶级掠食者">掠食性动物</a>，比如<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AE" title="狮">狮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E" title="虎">虎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="熊">熊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%BC" title="狼">狼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%B9" title="豹">豹</a>等等。</li> <li>獵殺会破坏<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E7%A8%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="庄稼">庄稼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E5%9C%BA" title="牧场">牧场</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%95%9C" title="家畜">家畜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%A6%BD" title="家禽">家禽</a>和设施<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="建筑">建筑</a>、或者能<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93" title="跨物種感染">传播</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%95%9C%E5%85%B1%E9%80%9A%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" title="人畜共通傳染病">疾病</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E5%AE%B3%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="有害生物">有害動物</a>，比如<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E5%85%94" class="mw-redirect" title="野兔">野兔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E9%BC%A0" title="田鼠">田鼠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E9%9B%80" title="麻雀">麻雀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E7%8B%BC" title="郊狼">郊狼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%8B%A8%E9%BC%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="土拨鼠">土拨鼠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E9%B9%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="红鹿">红鹿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E5%B1%B1%E7%BE%8A" title="野山羊">野山羊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E9%BC%A0" title="松鼠">松鼠</a>等等。</li> <li>獵殺外來的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="入侵物種">入侵物種</a>等，防止原生的生态系统破壞，比如<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%8C%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="野猪">野猪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%B5%AA%E7%8C%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="流浪猫">野猫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8B%E9%B8%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="椋鸟">椋鸟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%94%97%E8%9F%BE%E8%9C%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="甘蔗蟾蜍">甘蔗蟾蜍</a>等等。</li> <li>因为人類的過度繁殖、捕殺或者<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%B2%E6%81%AF%E5%9C%B0%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E" title="棲息地破壞">栖息地破坏</a>造成生態系的不平衡，為了使生態系统重新平衡而獵殺失衡过剩某種特定動物。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="运动和社交"><span id=".E8.BF.90.E5.8A.A8.E5.92.8C.E7.A4.BE.E4.BA.A4"></span>运动和社交</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：运动和社交"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alces_alces_elan_trophee_chateau_Tanlay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Alces_alces_elan_trophee_chateau_Tanlay.jpg/220px-Alces_alces_elan_trophee_chateau_Tanlay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Alces_alces_elan_trophee_chateau_Tanlay.jpg/330px-Alces_alces_elan_trophee_chateau_Tanlay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Alces_alces_elan_trophee_chateau_Tanlay.jpg/440px-Alces_alces_elan_trophee_chateau_Tanlay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3449" data-file-height="2587" /></a><figcaption>被当做<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%93%81" title="戰利品">战利品</a>收藏并挂在墙上展示的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%BC%E9%B9%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="驼鹿">驼鹿</a>头颅<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E6%9C%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="标本">标本</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E8%A7%92" title="鹿角">鹿角</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>围猎是<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="前工業社會">前工业社会</a>许多<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="贵族">贵族</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89%E7%B4%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="鄉紳">乡绅</a>阶层的传统<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="户外运动">户外运动</a>，一方面是为了娱乐消遣，另一方面也是一种用来<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E8%83%BD%E9%94%BB%E7%82%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="体能锻炼">锻炼武力</a>和磨练<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%87%E6%B0%A3" title="勇氣">勇气</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%AD%E7%BB%83" class="mw-redirect" title="军事训练">军事训练</a>，可以帮助巩固自身阶层的利益和统治地位。这种<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E6%AD%A6%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="尚武文化">尚武文化</a>到了<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="现代社会">现代社会</a>则发展成了<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="西方世界">西方</a>许多<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A1%E9%95%87" class="mw-redirect" title="乡镇">乡镇</a>社会（特别是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AB%E7%BB%85%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="士绅化">士绅化</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%A7%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="中产阶级">中产阶级</a>）培养<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E8%B4%A8" title="男性气质">男性气质</a>的一项传统。</li> <li>狩猎常常需要与他人协调合作，因此与<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A2%E9%98%9F%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="团队体育">团队体育</a>一样能够培养<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%98%E9%9A%8A%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="團隊精神">团队精神</a>，并提供增进私人<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%83%85%E7%BA%BD%E5%B8%A6" title="感情纽带">感情纽带</a>（特别是男性之间的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F%E6%83%85" title="兄弟情">兄弟情</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%AB%E5%BE%92" title="師徒">师徒</a>情怀）的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%A4" title="社交">社交</a>机会。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%93%81%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" title="戰利品狩獵">战利品狩猎</a>是西方一些较为富裕的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%A7%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="中产阶级">中</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B1%82%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7" title="上层阶级">上阶级</a>（特别是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7" title="男性">男性</a>）为了获得<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%84%95" class="mw-redirect" title="同儕">同侪</a>之间对其<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D" title="社會地位">社会地位</a>的认可并塑造优势的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E6%84%8F%E5%83%8F" title="自我意像">自我意像</a>，而采取的一种通过狩猎获取珍稀动物的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="遺體">遗</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%B8%E9%AA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="骸骨">骸</a>并<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E8%97%8F" title="收藏">收藏</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%93%81" title="戰利品">战利品</a>，来向他人证明自身成就并炫耀<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%93%81%E8%B4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="生活品质">生活品质</a>的展示行为。被猎杀的动物遗骸相当于具有较高<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC" title="符号价值">符号价值</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E8%97%8F%E5%93%81" title="收藏品">收藏品</a>，与一些<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E4%BA%A7%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="资产阶级">资产阶级</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E5%8F%91%E6%88%B7" title="暴发户">新贵</a>为展示自身<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A2%E5%AF%8C" title="财富">财富</a>力量和地位属性而<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%AB%E8%80%80%E6%80%A7%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB" title="炫耀性消費">炫耀性消费</a>购买的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A2%E4%BE%88%E5%93%81" title="奢侈品">奢侈品</a>有很大的相似性。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="狩猎的职业伦理"><span id=".E7.8B.A9.E7.8C.8E.E7.9A.84.E8.81.8C.E4.B8.9A.E4.BC.A6.E7.90.86"></span>狩猎的职业伦理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：狩猎的职业伦理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="北美">北美</a>最老的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="野生动物保护">野生动物保护</a>组织——布恩和克罗克特俱乐部（Boone and Crockett Club）认为： <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Fundamental to all hunting is the concept of supporting the conservation of natural resources. Modern hunting involves the regulated harvest of individual animals in a manner that conserves, protects, and perpetuates the hunted population, known as sustainable use.<sup id="cite_ref-BCC_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BCC-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 所有狩猎的宗旨概念是支持自然资源的保护。现代狩猎涉及用保存、保护、延续猎物族群的手段进行受监管的个体动物收获行为，也就是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7" title="可持續性">可持续性</a>使用。</p></blockquote><p> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211114233318/https://www.boone-crockett.org/fair-chase-statement">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="公平追捕"><span id=".E5.85.AC.E5.B9.B3.E8.BF.BD.E6.8D.95"></span>公平追捕</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：公平追捕"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“公平追捕”（fair chase）是布恩和克罗克特俱乐部最早提倡的一个狩猎<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="伦理">伦理</a>准则，定义是： <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The ethical, sportsmanlike, and lawful pursuit and taking of any free-ranging wild game animal in a manner that does not give the hunter an improper or unfair advantage over the game animals.<sup id="cite_ref-BCC_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BCC-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 有操守、有体育精神、合法的追踪并获取自由活动的野生大型猎物，用不让猎手相对猎物拥有不恰当或不公平优势的方式。<br /></p></blockquote> <p>也就是说，被捕杀的野生动物必须能够自由活动，在理论上有机会逃脱，这样猎手没有不公平的优势。换句话说，猎手在射杀猎物之前，不得使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B7%E9%98%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="陷阱">陷阱</a>，更不能进行<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%88%E5%85%BB%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="圈养狩猎">圈养狩猎</a>射杀被栅栏围困无处可逃的动物；如果动物正在涉水、处于雪地、冰面、泥地之上、或者被<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%9D" title="樹枝">树枝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A4%E8%94%93" class="mw-redirect" title="藤蔓">藤蔓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E4%B8%9D%E7%BD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="铁丝网">铁丝网</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%85%E6%A0%8F" title="栅栏">栅栏</a>等障碍物干扰移动能力，没有迅速逃离的可能，那么射手也不得实施捕杀，甚至应该出手施以救援；同样，如果猎物已经因为<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E9%86%89%E6%9E%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="麻醉枪">麻醉枪</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E8%8D%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="毒药">毒药</a>损失行动能力，也不允许被捕杀。用高光灯照射猎物使其致盲或惊骇不动，在北美也是非法行为，虽然这种方式在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亚</a>等国家被允许。 </p><p>使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%8B%95%E8%BB%8A%E8%BC%9B" title="機動車輛">机动车辆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%89%98%E8%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="摩托艇">摩托艇</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C%E5%99%A8" title="飞行器">飞行器</a>追捕猎物，在正统的狩猎团体中也是不允许的行为，因为猎物根本没有可能逃脱现代动力<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E5%85%B7" title="载具">载具</a>的观察距离、追踪速度和续航力。使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="电子设备">电子设备</a>对猎物进行搜索和诱捕，或用来指引猎人，同样也是不允许的，因为野生动物在现今的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9C%E5%B0%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="远射武器">射击兵器</a>前面已经处于绝对劣势，在现代科技面前更没有任何公平机会可言。而21世纪初在美国曾出现的使用网络遥控枪械射杀猎物，更是不能容忍。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="痛苦最小化"><span id=".E7.97.9B.E8.8B.A6.E6.9C.80.E5.B0.8F.E5.8C.96"></span>痛苦最小化</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：痛苦最小化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>猎手需要尽可能的减少猎物在被捕杀过程中遭遇的痛苦，特别要避免猎物因为受伤逃跑而受到不必要的肢体折磨。猎手要尽可能的做到一击必杀，最好能够让猎物瞬间毙命，因此要特别考虑选择射杀部位、所用弹药的<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="停止作用">停止作用</a>和狩猎手段（比如用<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%93%E7%AE%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="弓箭">弓箭</a>）的可靠性和致命能力。如果没能瞬间击杀猎物，就需要尽快补枪以减少猎物的伤痛。如果见到受伤将死的动物，即使不是自己所致，也需要主动进行<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B9%90%E6%AD%BB" title="安乐死">安乐死</a>缩短其痛苦。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%90%E5%BE%85%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="虐待动物">虐杀动物</a>属于极度<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%8F%98%E6%80%81" class="mw-disambig" title="心理变态">心理变态</a>行为，是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="暴力">暴力</a>倾向的展示（见<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%8A%B3%E4%B8%89%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%A0" title="麦当劳三要素">麦当劳三要素</a>），为狩猎伦理所不容。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="尊重猎物遗体"><span id=".E5.B0.8A.E9.87.8D.E7.8C.8E.E7.89.A9.E9.81.97.E4.BD.93"></span>尊重猎物遗体</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：尊重猎物遗体"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在射杀猎物后，猎物的尸体必须被妥善处理。既然射杀猎物，就要让其死得其所，因此收割肉食要尽可能彻底迅速，不得无端浪费。如果知道自己无法搬走猎物，就不要将其射杀。 </p><p>猎手同时还要考虑并尊重他人可能见到猎物尸体后的感受，因此不要将遗体留在<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF" title="道路">道路</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%BE%84" class="mw-redirect" title="小径">小径</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流">河流</a>或其它有人出没的开阔场地旁边，必要的时候将猎物的尸体和头部用<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%AF%AF" title="毛毯">毛毯</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AB%E5%B8%83" title="苫布">苫布</a>掩盖。同样，不要将大张旗鼓的将猎物公开运回。对猎物虐尸是极其不道德的行为，是心理变态的表现。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="尊重环境"><span id=".E5.B0.8A.E9.87.8D.E7.8E.AF.E5.A2.83"></span>尊重环境</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：尊重环境"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>射手不得在狩猎过程中，做出任何破坏当地环境和生态的行为，比如<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E7%81%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="放火">放火</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%99" title="煙">烟熏</a>驱逐猎物、释放<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E8%8D%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="毒药">毒药</a>、使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E7%89%A9" title="爆炸物">爆炸物</a>、残留仍有杀伤力的<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B7%E9%98%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="陷阱">陷阱</a>、改变<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E8%A2%AB" title="植被">植被</a>原貌、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="污染">污染</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" class="mw-disambig" title="环境">环境</a>（包括使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">铅</a>制弹药、将尸体遗弃在水源边）、乱扔<a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE" title="垃圾">垃圾</a>等等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="遵守法纪"><span id=".E9.81.B5.E5.AE.88.E6.B3.95.E7.BA.AA"></span>遵守法纪</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：遵守法纪"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>如果当地法律不允许捕猎某些动物，那么射手就不应当捕杀这些动物。如果违反了法规去捕杀，则属于犯了<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%B7%E7%8D%B5" title="偷獵">偷猎</a>行为。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="尊重地方传统"><span id=".E5.B0.8A.E9.87.8D.E5.9C.B0.E6.96.B9.E4.BC.A0.E7.BB.9F"></span>尊重地方传统</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：尊重地方传统"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>不得未经允许擅自闯入私人领地，更不能肆意破坏原有设施和地貌。对于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" title="原住民">原住民</a>的传统需要尊重，不得捕杀当地敬爱的物种。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="爭議"><span id=".E7.88.AD.E8.AD.B0"></span>爭議</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：爭議"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>狩猎本是人类在自然中为了<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%98" class="mw-redirect" title="生存">生存</a>所进化出的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="适应">适应</a>策略，与野生动物之间的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%A3%9F" title="捕食">捕食</a>行为一样属于<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%AB%9E%E5%A4%A9%E6%8B%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="物竞天择">物竞天择</a>的一部分。但自<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="新石器革命">新石器革命</a>之后人类的温饱主要由农牧业提供，已经越来越不需要捕杀动物赖以生存。因此除农业剿害外的任何狩猎都已经在某种程度上成了一种<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%8A%A5%E9%80%92%E5%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="回报递减">回报递减</a>、愈发没有经济意义的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%8D%95" title="過捕">过捕</a>行为，合法合理的成规模捕猎行为也越来越少见，休闲狩猎更是完全变成一种主要用来消遣小众的“<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E8%85%A5%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2" title="血腥体育">血腥体育</a>”。而且由于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="工业化">工业化</a>带来的武器杀伤效率提升，狩猎传统造成的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E5%BA%A6%E5%BC%80%E9%87%87#瀕危物種" class="mw-redirect" title="过度开采">过度捕杀</a>和连带的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%A4%B1%E8%A1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="生态失衡">生态失衡</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="十九世紀">十九世纪</a>以来许多物种<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%92%E5%8D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="濒危">濒危</a>甚至<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="灭绝">灭绝</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="全新世灭绝事件">全新世灭绝事件</a>）的直接因素之一，对整个地球<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="生物多样性">生物多样性</a>造成的影响记录弊大于利。 </p><p>休闲狩猎绝大多数情况下都是优先选择当地生态群中的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E6%8E%A0%E9%A3%9F%E8%80%85" title="顶级掠食者">顶级掠食者</a>和最强壮的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A2%86" title="社群首领">首领动物</a>做为目标，在一定程度上是在人为剔除动物<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" title="族群">族群</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" title="基因">基因</a>更优质的个体，和<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9" title="自然选择">自然选择</a>中偏袒强者<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%82%E8%80%85%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%98" class="mw-redirect" title="适者生存">适者生存</a>、优先剔除弱者的常态恰恰相反。也就是说，虽然支持者常常辩解狩猎会起到控制族群数量、平衡生态的作用，对目标物种而言却只会助长<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%B1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="基因池">基因池</a>产生“劣币驱逐良币”的情况，对整个族群的生态健康有害无利。而且在狩猎爱好者中，常常会收集所杀动物的骸骨做为向他人吹嘘自己技能优越的荣誉资本，来提高个人在<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%84%95%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%94" title="同儕團體">社群</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D" title="社會地位">社交价码</a>。这种<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%93%81%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" title="戰利品狩獵">战利品狩猎</a>文化的<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="副作用">副作用</a>就是猎手群内部会出现相互攀比竞争的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%84%95%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B" title="同儕壓力">同侪压力</a>，使得猎手<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%AB%E8%80%80%E6%80%A7%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB" title="炫耀性消費">不惜代价</a>去寻求捕杀更多、更大、更罕见<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E7%89%A9" title="獵物">猎物</a>。西方许多枪械爱好者喜欢与被射杀的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E5%9E%8B%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="巨型动物群">大型野生动物</a>尸体合影并公开在网上传阅，以及2015年引发全球争议的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%A5%BF%E7%88%BE_(%E7%8D%85%E5%AD%90)" title="塞西爾 (獅子)">雄狮塞西尔被杀案</a>，就是这种<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%81%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="自恋">自恋</a>的炫耀心态所致。 </p><p>西方国家的原住民多生活在偏远<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A0%E5%8F%91%E8%BE%BE%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="欠发达地区">欠发达地区</a>，為保護<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" title="原住民">原住民</a>的生计狩獵需求，維護僅存的傳統文化，不少國家在法律規定的範圍内允许原住民有限制地进行傳統狩猎。例如美國<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="印第安人">印第安人</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%91%A9%E4%BA%BA" title="爱斯基摩人">爱斯基摩人</a>，在当地法律的规定規範内，印第安人可以猎杀<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AF%E9%B9%BF" title="驯鹿">驯鹿</a>等动物；爱斯基摩人可以猎杀<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%B8%E9%B1%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="鲸鱼">鲸鱼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="海豹">海豹</a>。但非原住民以娛樂為目的之狩獵始终是一个在国际上备受争议的议题，也是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3" title="绿色和平">绿色和平</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%84%E5%BE%85%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="善待动物组织">PETA</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E8%99%90%E5%BE%85%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="英國皇家防止虐待動物協會">RSPCA</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%88%B1%E6%8A%A4%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="国际爱护动物基金会">IFAW</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%AE%98%E9%85%B7%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="反殘酷運動聯盟">反残酷运动联盟</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="世界動物保護協會">世界动物保护协会</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="动物权利">动物权利</a>组织的斗争目标。此外，一些商业捕杀活动从一开始就充满了争议，比如<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%8D%95%E9%B2%B8%E4%B8%9A" title="日本捕鲸业">日本捕鲸</a>；还有一些在当地合法的商业捕杀活动因为手段太过粗暴血腥也颇受争议，被指控为是<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%90%E5%BE%85%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="虐待动物">虐待动物</a>，比如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9%E7%8D%B5%E6%8D%95" title="海豹獵捕">海豹猎捕</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="另见"><span id=".E5.8F.A6.E8.A7.81"></span>另见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：另见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%AD%9A" title="捕魚">捕鱼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C" title="狩獵旅行">狩猎旅行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%B7%E7%8D%B5" title="偷獵">偷猎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%8E%E9%A6%96" title="猎首">猎首</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E8%A1%80%E9%AC%BC%E7%8C%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="吸血鬼猎人">吸血鬼猎人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%8F%E9%87%91%E7%8C%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="赏金猎人">赏金猎人</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83"></span>参考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：参考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E7%8C%8E%E6%89%8B">“猎手”字的解释 | 汉典</a>. www.zdic.net. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-09-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210908034105/https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E7%8C%8E%E6%89%8B">存档</a>于2021-09-08） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（中国大陆）网页">（中文（中国大陆））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=%E2%80%9C%E7%8C%8E%E6%89%8B%E2%80%9D%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A+%7C+%E6%B1%89%E5%85%B8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.zdic.net&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdic.net%2Fhans%2F%25E7%258C%258E%25E6%2589%258B&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mafika. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/tourism-south-africa/travel/wildlife/greenhuntin"><span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Green hunting' the Big Five</a>. Brand South Africa. 2005-07-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114233201/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/tourism-south-africa/travel/wildlife/greenhuntin">存档</a>于2021-11-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=%27Green+hunting%27+the+Big+Five&rft.au=Mafika&rft.date=2005-07-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brand+South+Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brandsouthafrica.com%2Ftourism-south-africa%2Ftravel%2Fwildlife%2Fgreenhuntin&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:10_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Cousins, Jenny A.; Sadler, Jon P.; Evans, James. The Challenge of Regulating Private Wildlife Ranches for Conservation in South Africa. Ecology and Society. 2010, <b>15</b> (2). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1708-3087"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1708-3087</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5751%2Fes-03349-150228"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.5751/es-03349-150228</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=The+Challenge+of+Regulating+Private+Wildlife+Ranches+for+Conservation+in+South+Africa&rft.au=Evans%2C+James&rft.au=Sadler%2C+Jon+P.&rft.aufirst=Jenny+A.&rft.aulast=Cousins&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1708-3087&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Ecology+and+Society&rft.volume=15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5751%2Fes-03349-150228&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.krugerpark.co.za/krugerpark-times-2-8-green-alternative-hunting-19538.html">Kruger Park Times - The green alternative to hunting - Online News Publication...</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-09-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114233152/https://www.krugerpark.co.za/krugerpark-times-2-8-green-alternative-hunting-19538.html">存档</a>于2021-11-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.btitle=Kruger+Park+Times+-+The+green+alternative+to+hunting+-+Online+News+Publication...&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.krugerpark.co.za%2Fkrugerpark-times-2-8-green-alternative-hunting-19538.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-artedocu-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-artedocu_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boutique.arte.tv/detail/Biodiversite_menacee">La Biodiversité menacée : quelles solutions pour demain ?</a>. Programmes ARTE. 11 April 2016 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-09-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220105132520/https://boutique.arte.tv/detail/Biodiversite_menacee">存档</a>于2022-01-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=La+Biodiversit%C3%A9+menac%C3%A9e+%3A+quelles+solutions+pour+demain+%3F&rft.date=2016-04-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Programmes+ARTE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboutique.arte.tv%2Fdetail%2FBiodiversite_menacee&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/06/0616_030616_greenhunting.html">In Africa, Hunters Pay to Tranquilize Game for Research</a>. National Geographic. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-09-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170218124727/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/06/0616_030616_greenhunting.html">存档</a>于2017-02-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.btitle=In+Africa%2C+Hunters+Pay+to+Tranquilize+Game+for+Research&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Geographic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2003%2F06%2F0616_030616_greenhunting.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:8_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/rhino_white_greenhunt">Rhino Green Hunt</a>. National Geographic. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-09-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171004195741/http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/rhino_white_greenhunt">存档</a>于2017-10-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.btitle=Rhino+Green+Hunt&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Geographic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo.nationalgeographic.com%2Fvideo%2Frhino_white_greenhunt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:5_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Macdonald, David. Key Topics in Conservation Biology. John Wiley & Sons. 2009. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781444309065" title="Special:网络书源/9781444309065"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781444309065</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/437111682"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 437111682</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.au=Macdonald%2C+David&rft.btitle=Key+Topics+in+Conservation+Biology&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781444309065&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F437111682&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gaudzinski, S. Subsistence patterns of Early Pleistocene hominids in the Levant – Taphonomic evidence from the 'Ubeidiya Formation (Israel). Journal of Archaeological Science. 2004, <b>31</b>: 65–75. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0305-4403%2803%2900100-6"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/s0305-4403(03)00100-6</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=Subsistence+patterns+of+Early+Pleistocene+hominids+in+the+Levant+%E2%80%93+Taphonomic+evidence+from+the+%27Ubeidiya+Formation+%28Israel%29&rft.aufirst=S&rft.aulast=Gaudzinski&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.pages=65-75&rft.volume=31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0305-4403%2803%2900100-6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>. <cite class="citation journal">Rabinovich, R.; Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S.; Goren-Inbar, N. Systematic butchering of fallow deer (Dama) at the early Middle Pleistocene Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov (Israel). Journal of Human Evolution. 2008, <b>54</b> (1): 134–49. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17868780"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 17868780</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhevol.2007.07.007"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.07.007</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=Systematic+butchering+of+fallow+deer+%28Dama%29+at+the+early+Middle+Pleistocene+Acheulian+site+of+Gesher+Benot+Ya%27aqov+%28Israel%29&rft.au=Gaudzinski-Windheuser%2C+S.&rft.au=Goren-Inbar%2C+N.&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.aulast=Rabinovich&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Human+Evolution&rft.pages=134-49&rft.volume=54&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jhevol.2007.07.007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17868780&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1992年对<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%8D%E4%BA%BA" title="傍人">傍人</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3" title="化石">化石</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">锶</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">钙</a>比例的<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%95%E9%87%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="痕量元素">痕量元素</a>研究表明了食用动物的可能性，一个1994年对<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="碳同位素">稳定碳同位素</a>的分析也结论一样。<cite class="citation web">Billings, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beyondveg.com/billings-t/comp-anat/comp-anat-3b.shtml">Comparative Anatomy and Physiology Brought Up to Date—continued, Part 3B</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2007]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061215105652/http://beyondveg.com/billings-t/comp-anat/comp-anat-3b.shtml">存档</a>于2006-12-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.au=Billings%2C+Tom&rft.btitle=Comparative+Anatomy+and+Physiology+Brought+Up+to+Date%E2%80%94continued%2C+Part+3B&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beyondveg.com%2Fbillings-t%2Fcomp-anat%2Fcomp-anat-3b.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/9601-bonobos-hunt-primates.html">Bonobos Hunt Other Primates</a>. livescience.com. 2008 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2012]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115002501/https://www.livescience.com/9601-bonobos-hunt-primates.html">存档</a>于2021-11-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=Bonobos+Hunt+Other+Primates&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=livescience.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F9601-bonobos-hunt-primates.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Courtney Laird. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080123151613/http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/vecase/Behavior/Spring2004/laird/Social%20Organization.htm">Bonobo social spacing</a>. Davidson College. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2008]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/vecase/Behavior/Spring2004/laird/Social%20Organization.htm">原始内容</a>存档于23 January 2008）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=Bonobo+social+spacing&rft.au=Courtney+Laird&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Davidson+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bio.davidson.edu%2Fpeople%2Fvecase%2FBehavior%2FSpring2004%2Flaird%2FSocial%2520Organization.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plummer, T.W., Bishop, L., Ditchfield, P., Kingston, J., Ferraro, J., Hertel, F. & D. Braun (2009). "The environmental context of Oldowan hominin activities at Kanjera South, Kenya". In: Hovers, E. & D. Braun (eds.), <i> Interdisciplinary Approaches to Understanding the Oldowan</i>, Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 149–60. Tom Plummer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://popular-archaeology.com/article/the-hard-stuff-of-culture-oldowan-archaeology-at-kanjera-south-kenya/">"The Hard Stuff of Culture: Oldowan Archaeology at Kanjera South, Kenya"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211114233205/https://popular-archaeology.com/article/the-hard-stuff-of-culture-oldowan-archaeology-at-kanjera-south-kenya/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <i>Popular Archaeology</i>, June 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Binford, Louis. Human ancestors: Changing views of their behavior. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 1986, <b>4</b> (4): 292–327. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0278-4165%2885%2990009-1"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/0278-4165(85)90009-1</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=Human+ancestors%3A+Changing+views+of+their+behavior&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.aulast=Binford&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Anthropological+Archaeology&rft.pages=292-327&rft.volume=4&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0278-4165%2885%2990009-1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blumenschine, Robert J. (1986) <i>Early hominid scavenging opportunities: Implications of carcass availability in the Serengeti and Ngorongoro ecosystems</i>. Oxford, England: B.A.R.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monte Morin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121118111851/http://articles.latimes.com/2012/nov/16/science/la-sci-hafting-spears-20121116">"Stone-tipped spear may have much earlier origin"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>, 16 November 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rick Weiss, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/22/AR2007022201007.html">"Chimps Observed Making Their Own Weapons"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211115000701/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/22/AR2007022201007.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>, 22 February 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Thieme, Hartmut. Lower Palaeolithic hunting spears from Germany. Nature. 1997, <b>385</b> (6619): 807–810. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997Natur.385..807T"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:1997Natur.385..807T</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9039910"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 9039910</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4283393"><span title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID 4283393</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F385807a0"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1038/385807a0</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=Lower+Palaeolithic+hunting+spears+from+Germany&rft.aufirst=Hartmut&rft.aulast=Thieme&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6619&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=807-810&rft.volume=385&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4283393&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997Natur.385..807T&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F385807a0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9039910&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v385/n6619/abs/385807a0.html">[1]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170721162135/http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v385/n6619/abs/385807a0.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Surovell, Todd; Nicole Waguespack; P. Jeffrey Brantingham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/102/17/6231">Global archaeological evidence for proboscidean overkill</a>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 13 April 2005, <b>102</b> (17): 6231–36 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2007]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PNAS..102.6231S"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.6231S</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1087946"><span title="公共医学中心">PMC 1087946</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15829581"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 15829581</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0501947102"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1073/pnas.0501947102</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080612033018/http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/102/17/6231">存档</a>于2008-06-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=Global+archaeological+evidence+for+proboscidean+overkill&rft.au=Nicole+Waguespack&rft.au=P.+Jeffrey+Brantingham&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft.aulast=Surovell&rft.date=2005-04-13&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=17&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.pages=6231-36&rft.volume=102&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1087946&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F102%2F17%2F6231&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005PNAS..102.6231S&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0501947102&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15829581&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">American Geophysical Union paper PP43A-01, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agu.org/meetings/sm07/sm07-sessions/sm07_PP43A.html">abstract</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927193019/http://www.agu.org/meetings/sm07/sm07-sessions/sm07_PP43A.html">存檔</a>，存档日期27 September 2007. retrieved 26 October 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Miller, G.H. Ecosystem Collapse in Pleistocene Australia and a Human Role in Megafaunal Extinction. <a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science (journal)">Science</a>. 2005, <b>309</b> (5732): 287–90. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Sci...309..287M"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2005Sci...309..287M</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16002615"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 16002615</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22761857"><span title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID 22761857</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1111288"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1126/science.1111288</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=Ecosystem+Collapse+in+Pleistocene+Australia+and+a+Human+Role+in+Megafaunal+Extinction&rft.aufirst=G.H.&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5732&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=287-90&rft.volume=309&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22761857&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005Sci...309..287M&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1111288&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16002615&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Prideaux, G.J.; et al. An arid-adapted middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from south-central Australia. Nature. 2007, <b>445</b> (7126): 422–25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Natur.445..422P"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2007Natur.445..422P</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17251978"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 17251978</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4429899"><span title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID 4429899</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature05471"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1038/nature05471</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=An+arid-adapted+middle+Pleistocene+vertebrate+fauna+from+south-central+Australia&rft.aufirst=G.J.&rft.aulast=Prideaux&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=7126&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=422-25&rft.volume=445&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4429899&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Natur.445..422P&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature05471&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17251978&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation conference">Zenin, Vasiliy N.; Evgeny N. Mashenko; Sergey V. Leshchinskiy; Aleksandr F. Pavlov; Pieter M. Grootes; Marie-Josée Nadeau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061117111346/http://www.yukonmuseums.ca/mammoth/abstrt-z.htm">The First Direct Evidence of Mammoth Hunting in Asia (Lugovskoye Site, Western Siberia) (L)</a>. 3rd International Mammoth Conference. Dawson City, Yukon Territory, Canada: Government of Yukon. 24–29 May 2003 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2007]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yukonmuseums.ca/mammoth/abstrt-z.htm">原始内容</a>存档于17 November 2006）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.au=Aleksandr+F.+Pavlov&rft.au=Evgeny+N.+Mashenko&rft.au=Marie-Jos%C3%A9e+Nadeau&rft.au=Pieter+M.+Grootes&rft.au=Sergey+V.+Leshchinskiy&rft.aufirst=Vasiliy+N.&rft.aulast=Zenin&rft.btitle=3rd+International+Mammoth+Conference&rft.date=2003-05-24%2F2003-05-29&rft.genre=conference&rft.place=Dawson+City%2C+Yukon+Territory%2C+Canada&rft.pub=Government+of+Yukon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yukonmuseums.ca%2Fmammoth%2Fabstrt-z.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burch-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burch_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In North America and Eurasia the species has long been an important resource—in many areas <i>the</i> most important resource—for peoples inhabiting the northern <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taiga（页面不存在）">boreal forest</a> and tundra regions. Known human dependence on caribou/wild reindeer has a long history, beginning in the Middle Pleistocene (Banfield 1961:170; Kurtén 1968:170) and continuing to the present. […] The caribou/wild reindeer is thus an animal that has been a major resource for humans throughout a tremendous geographic area and across a time span of tens of thousands of years." <cite class="citation journal">Burch, Ernest S.; Jr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_american-antiquity_1972-07_37_3/page/339">The Caribou/Wild Reindeer as a Human Resource</a>. American Antiquity. 1972, <b>37</b> (3): 339–68. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/278435"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR 278435</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F278435"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2307/278435</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=The+Caribou%2FWild+Reindeer+as+a+Human+Resource&rft.au=Jr&rft.aufirst=Ernest+S.&rft.aulast=Burch&rft.date=1972&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=American+Antiquity&rft.pages=339-68&rft.volume=37&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F278435&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_american-antiquity_1972-07_37_3%2Fpage%2F339&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F278435&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/africa/wherewework/the-hadza-helping-hunter-gatherers-protect-their-homeland.xml">The Nature Conservancy</a>. The Nature Conservancy. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-09-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180703050952/https://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/africa/wherewework/the-hadza-helping-hunter-gatherers-protect-their-homeland.xml">存档</a>于2018-07-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=The+Nature+Conservancy&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nature+Conservancy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.org%2Fourinitiatives%2Fregions%2Fafrica%2Fwherewework%2Fthe-hadza-helping-hunter-gatherers-protect-their-homeland.xml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Randall Haas; et al. Female hunters of the early Americas <b>6</b> (45). Science Advances. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.abd0310"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1126/sciadv.abd0310</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=Female+hunters+of+the+early+Americas&rft.au=Randall+Haas&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=45&rft.volume=6&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.abd0310&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Porter, V.I. Mystique Melodies. Pittsburgh, PA: Dorrance Publishing. 2018: 48. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4809-5591-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4809-5591-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-4809-5591-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.aufirst=V.I.&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.btitle=Mystique+Melodies&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4809-5591-2&rft.pages=48&rft.place=Pittsburgh%2C+PA&rft.pub=Dorrance+Publishing&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Machiavelli provides a rationale, if not the origin, of noble hunting: <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niccolò Machiavelli（页面不存在）">Machiavelli, Niccolò</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r6lROQffJ7cC">Discourses on the first decade of Titus Livius, Book 3</a>. Gilbert, Allan (编). Machiavelli: The Chief Works and Others <b>1</b>. Duke University Press. 1531: 5161989 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2013]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8223-8157-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8223-8157-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-8223-8157-0</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114233239/https://books.google.com/books?id=r6lROQffJ7cC">存档</a>于2021-11-14）. <q>[...] hunting expeditions, as Xenophon makes plain, are images of war; therefore to men of rank such activity is honorable and necessary.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=Discourses+on+the+first+decade+of+Titus+Livius%2C+Book+3&rft.aufirst=Niccol%C3%B2&rft.aulast=Machiavelli&rft.btitle=Machiavelli%3A+The+Chief+Works+and+Others&rft.date=1531&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-8157-0&rft.pages=516&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr6lROQffJ7cC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">Dunlap, Thomas R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UDaEZnZ093EC">Remaking Worlds: European models in New Lands</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/natureenglishdia0000dunl/page/61">Nature and the English Diaspora: Environment and History in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand</a>. Studies in Environment and History. Cambridge University Press. 1999: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/natureenglishdia0000dunl/page/61">61</a> <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2013]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-65700-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-65700-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-521-65700-6</a>. <q>The settlers adopted sport hunting, as they did other elements of British culture, but they had to adapt it. Social circumstances and biological realities reshaped it and gave it new meaning. There was no elite monopolizing access to land. Indeed, the great attraction and boast of these nations were of land for all.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=Remaking+Worlds%3A+European+models+in+New+Lands&rft.aufirst=Thomas+R.&rft.aulast=Dunlap&rft.btitle=Nature+and+the+English+Diaspora%3A+Environment+and+History+in+the+United+States%2C+Canada%2C+Australia%2C+and+New+Zealand&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65700-6&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.series=Studies+in+Environment+and+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUDaEZnZ093EC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|issue=</code>被忽略 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#parameter_discarded" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In his commentary on Martianus Capella's early 5th-century work, <i>The Marriage of Philology and Mercury</i>, one of the main sources for medieval reflection on the liberal arts.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">柳宗元〈捕蛇者說〉</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%B1%E5%BE%AE%E8%8D%89%E5%A0%82%E7%AD%86%E8%A8%98" title="閱微草堂筆記">閱微草堂筆記</a>》卷十一</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">嘉庆“木兰记碑”碑文</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://huntingguide.info/">The Hunting Guide >> Read Before Hunt</a>. Hunting Guide. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-12-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114234714/https://huntingguide.info/">存档</a>于2021-11-14） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到美国英语网页">（美国英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.atitle=The+Hunting+Guide+%3E%3E+Read+Before+Hunt&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hunting+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhuntingguide.info%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defra.gov.uk/rural/countryside/hunting/">Hunting with dogs « Defra</a>. Defra.gov.uk. 18 February 2005 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2012]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130222025403/http://www.defra.gov.uk/rural/countryside/hunting/">存档</a>于2013-02-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.btitle=Hunting+with+dogs+%C2%AB+Defra&rft.date=2005-02-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Defra.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defra.gov.uk%2Frural%2Fcountryside%2Fhunting%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BCC-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BCC_36-0"><sup><b>36.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BCC_36-1"><sup><b>36.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boone-crockett.org/fair-chase-statement">Fair Chase Statement</a>. Boone and Crockett Club. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-09-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114233318/https://www.boone-crockett.org/fair-chase-statement">存档</a>于2021-11-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&rft.btitle=Fair+Chase+Statement&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Boone+and+Crockett+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boone-crockett.org%2Ffair-chase-statement&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36963" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q36963"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AE%9A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90/%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E5%BD%99%E7%B7%A8/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E5%85%B8/%E7%8D%B5%E9%83%A8#狩獵" class="extiw" title="s:欽定古今圖書集成/博物彙編/藝術典/獵部">欽定古今圖書集成·博物彙編·藝術典·獵部</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E9%9B%B7" title="陈梦雷">陈梦雷</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90" title="古今图书集成">古今圖書集成</a>》</dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AE%9A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%BD%99%E7%B7%A8/%E6%88%8E%E6%94%BF%E5%85%B8/%E7%94%B0%E7%8D%B5%E9%83%A8#狩獵" class="extiw" title="s:欽定古今圖書集成/經濟彙編/戎政典/田獵部">欽定古今圖書集成·經濟彙編·戎政典·田獵部</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E9%9B%B7" title="陈梦雷">陈梦雷</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90" title="古今图书集成">古今圖書集成</a>》</dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hunting" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hunting"><span style="font-weight:bold;">狩獵</span></a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中的相关原始文献：<b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="s:狩獵法">狩獵法</a></b></div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36963#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36963#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36963#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119311589">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119311589">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4027955-8">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007533761905171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85063117">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572442">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="lovectví"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115182&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="lov zvěře"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph134880&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300239666">AAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/013942">瑞士历史词典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10636730">NARA</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=狩獵&oldid=85069095">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=狩獵&oldid=85069095</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5" title="Category:狩獵">狩獵</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BFwayback%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Category:Webarchive模板wayback链接">Webarchive模板wayback链接</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%EF%BC%9A%E5%B7%B2%E7%9F%A5%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E8%A2%AB%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5" title="Category:引文格式1错误：已知参数被忽略">引文格式1错误：已知参数被忽略</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90_(en-us)" title="Category:CS1美国英语来源 (en-us)">CS1美国英语来源 (en-us)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有英語的條目">含有英語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有拉丁語的條目">含有拉丁語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%86%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%B9%E9%85%8D%E9%A1%B9" title="Category:维基共享资源分类链接使用了维基数据上的匹配项">维基共享资源分类链接使用了维基数据上的匹配项</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNFdata%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABJ9U%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目">包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLCCN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目">包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNDL%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目">包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABAAT%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目">包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABHDS%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含HDS标识符的维基百科条目">包含HDS标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNARA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目">包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年11月23日 (星期六) 08:21。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-fwjgt","wgBackendResponseTime":196,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.277","walltime":"1.582","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2781,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":76914,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2063,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":27,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":58491,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":21,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1263.899 1 -total"," 29.17% 368.731 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.06% 266.229 1 Template:Wikisource_further_reading"," 15.04% 190.095 1 Template:Lang-en"," 14.41% 182.135 1 Template:Authority_control"," 10.25% 129.557 12 Template:Cite_web"," 6.88% 86.960 1 Template:Commons_category"," 6.85% 86.609 2 Template:Sister_project"," 6.58% 83.205 2 Template:Side_box"," 6.34% 80.129 1 Template:About"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.819","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19503938,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6f4956b788-4bhxf","timestamp":"20241128184953","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u72e9\u7375","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q36963","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q36963","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-05-22T14:21:43Z","dateModified":"2024-11-23T08:21:04Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/90\/37-svaghi%2C_caccia%2CTaccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg","headline":"\u4eba\u985e\u6355\u6bba\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5"}</script> </body> </html>