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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Black_Thursday""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 "Black Thursday" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Black_Thursday"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Black_Friday_around_the_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_Friday_around_the_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Black Friday around the world </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Black_Friday_around_the_world-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Black Friday around the world subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Black_Friday_around_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Egypt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Libya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Asia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Pakistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 India </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_Arabia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_Arabia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 Saudi Arabia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_Arabia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Arab_Emirates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.4 United Arab Emirates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Belgium </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 France </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.3 Germany </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.4 Ireland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latvia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latvia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.5 Latvia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latvia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liechtenstein" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liechtenstein"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.6 Liechtenstein </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liechtenstein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.7 Netherlands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.8 Norway </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.9 Poland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.10 Romania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.11 Spain </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.12 Sweden </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.13 Switzerland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.14 Turkey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.15 Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.16 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 North America </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.2 Mexico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.3 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Oceania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.2 New Zealand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 South America </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bolivia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolivia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.1 Bolivia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolivia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.2 Brazil </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colombia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colombia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.3 Colombia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colombia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Costa_Rica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Costa_Rica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.4 Costa Rica </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Costa_Rica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.5 Panama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Violence </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Violence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Violence subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 2008 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 2010 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 2011 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 2012 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 2013 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 2014 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 2015 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 2016 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 2018 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 2019 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.11 2023 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.12 2024 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Black_Friday_online" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_Friday_online"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Black Friday online </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Black_Friday_online-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Black Friday online subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Black_Friday_online-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-High_traffic_challenges_for_retailers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_traffic_challenges_for_retailers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 High traffic challenges for retailers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_traffic_challenges_for_retailers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advertising_tip_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advertising_tip_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Advertising tip sites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advertising_tip_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyber_Monday" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyber_Monday"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Cyber Monday </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyber_Monday-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyber_Week" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyber_Week"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Cyber Week </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyber_Week-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retail_sales_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retail_sales_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Retail sales impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retail_sales_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Black Friday (shopping)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" > 63 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="الجمعة السوداء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجمعة السوداء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara_c%C3%BCm%C9%99_(al%C4%B1%C5%9F-veri%C5%9F)" title="Qara cümə (alış-veriş) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qara cümə (alış-veriş)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BA" title="Черен петък – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Черен петък" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Black Friday (shopping)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divendres_negre_(comer%C3%A7)" title="Divendres negre (comerç) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Divendres negre (comerç)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cern%C3%BD_p%C3%A1tek_(nakupov%C3%A1n%C3%AD)" title="Černý pátek (nakupování) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Černý pátek (nakupování)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday" title="Black Friday – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Black Friday" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday" title="Black Friday – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Black Friday" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday" title="Black Friday – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Black Friday" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viernes_negro_(compras)" title="Viernes negro (compras) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Viernes negro (compras)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigra_vendredo" title="Nigra vendredo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nigra vendredo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday_(erosketa)" title="Black Friday (erosketa) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Black Friday (erosketa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87_(%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF)" title="جمعه سیاه (خرید) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمعه سیاه (خرید)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday_(commerce)" title="Black Friday (commerce) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Black Friday (commerce)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarte_Freed_(winkeljen)" title="Swarte Freed (winkeljen) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Swarte Freed (winkeljen)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aoine_Mh%C3%B3r_na_Siopad%C3%B3ireachta" title="Aoine Mhór na Siopadóireachta – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aoine Mhór na Siopadóireachta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venres_negro_(comercio)" title="Venres negro (comercio) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Venres negro (comercio)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%9E%99_%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4" title="블랙 프라이데이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="블랙 프라이데이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D6%87_%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%A9_(%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%B9%D5%A5%D6%80)" title="Սև ուրբաթ (մեծ զեղչեր) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սև ուրբաթ (մեծ զեղչեր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87_(%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80)" title="ब्लैक फ़्राइडे (ख़रीदारी) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्लैक फ़्राइडे (ख़रीदारी)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crni_petak" title="Crni petak – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Crni petak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday" title="Black Friday – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Black Friday" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartur_f%C3%B6studagur" title="Svartur föstudagur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Svartur föstudagur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday" title="Black Friday – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Black Friday" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A7_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99" title="בלאק פריידיי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בלאק פריידיי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="შავი პარასკევი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შავი პარასკევი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meln%C4%81_piektdiena_(iepirk%C5%A1an%C4%81s)" title="Melnā piektdiena (iepirkšanās) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Melnā piektdiena (iepirkšanās)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juodasis_penktadienis" title="Juodasis penktadienis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Juodasis penktadienis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday" title="Black Friday – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Black Friday" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fekete_p%C3%A9ntek_(v%C3%A1s%C3%A1rl%C3%A1s)" title="Fekete péntek (vásárlás) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fekete péntek (vásárlás)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Црн петок – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црн петок" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A_(%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82)" title="കറുത്ത വെള്ളിയാഴ്ച (കച്ചവടം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കറുത്ത വെള്ളിയാഴ്ച (കച്ചവടം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="الجمعه السودا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجمعه السودا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumaat_Hitam" title="Jumaat Hitam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jumaat Hitam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday" title="Black Friday – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Black Friday" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC_(%E8%B2%B7%E3%81%84%E7%89%A9)" title="ブラックフライデー (買い物) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブラックフライデー (買い物)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Black Friday (shopping)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartefredag" title="Svartefredag – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Svartefredag" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday" title="Black Friday – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Black Friday" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%87_(%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80)" title="ਬਲੈਕ ਫ਼੍ਰਾਈਡੇ (ਖ਼ਰੀਦਦਾਰੀ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਲੈਕ ਫ਼੍ਰਾਈਡੇ (ਖ਼ਰੀਦਦਾਰੀ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czarny_pi%C4%85tek" title="Czarny piątek – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czarny piątek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday" title="Black Friday – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Black Friday" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday" title="Black Friday – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Black Friday" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8)" title="Чёрная пятница (распродажи) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чёрная пятница (распродажи)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_premtja_e_zez%C3%AB_(pazar)" title="E premtja e zezë (pazar) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="E premtja e zezë (pazar)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday" title="Black Friday – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Black Friday" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday_(nakupovanie)" title="Black Friday (nakupovanie) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Black Friday (nakupovanie)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Crni_petek" title="Črni petek – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Črni petek" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czorny_pj%C5%AFntek" title="Czorny pjůntek – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Czorny pjůntek" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%95%D8%B4" title="ھەینیی ڕەش – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەینیی ڕەش" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Црни петак (куповина) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Црни петак (куповина)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday" title="Black Friday – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Black Friday" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday" title="Black Friday – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Black Friday" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday_(al%C4%B1%C5%9Fveri%C5%9F)" title="Black Friday (alışveriş) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Black Friday (alışveriş)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Чорна п'ятниця – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чорна п'ятниця" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%92_(%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C)" title="بلیک فرائیڈے (خریداری) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلیک فرائیڈے (خریداری)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AC%DB%88%D9%85%DB%95(%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%DB%90%D8%AA%D9%89%DB%8B%DB%90%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%85%D9%89)" title="قارا جۈمە(مال سېتىۋېلىش بايرىمى) – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قارا جۈمە(مال سېتىۋېلىش بايرىمى)" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Friday following Thanksgiving in the US</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hd" style="background-color: yellow">Black Friday</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Friday_by_Powhusku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Black_Friday_by_Powhusku.jpg/240px-Black_Friday_by_Powhusku.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Black_Friday_by_Powhusku.jpg/360px-Black_Friday_by_Powhusku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Black_Friday_by_Powhusku.jpg/480px-Black_Friday_by_Powhusku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="caption">Shoppers rushing into a store as it opens on Black Friday, 2013</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observed by</th><td class="infobox-data">Traditionally:<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> United States Others: Argentina, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, Kosovo, Liechtenstein, Germany, Poland, Romania, Italy, Greece, New Zealand, India, Malta, Norway, Sweden, Finland, France, Spain, Iran, Israel, Brazil, The Netherlands, South Africa, Mexico (as <a href="/wiki/El_Buen_Fin" title="El Buen Fin">El Buen Fin</a>) and increasingly in other parts of the world.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Commercial</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Significance</th><td class="infobox-data summary">Popular shopping day</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observances</th><td class="infobox-data">Shopping</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">Day after <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">US Thanksgiving</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2024 date</th><td class="infobox-data">November 29</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2025 date</th><td class="infobox-data">November 28</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2026 date</th><td class="infobox-data">November 27</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2027 date</th><td class="infobox-data">November 26</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Annual</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related to</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Small_Business_Saturday" title="Small Business Saturday">Small Business Saturday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyber_Monday" title="Cyber Monday">Cyber Monday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giving_Tuesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Giving Tuesday">Giving Tuesday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">Christmas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buy_Nothing_Day" title="Buy Nothing Day">Buy Nothing Day</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Black Friday is the Friday after <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving in the United States</a>. It traditionally marks the start of the <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> shopping season and is the busiest shopping day of the year in the United States. Many stores offer highly promoted sales at heavily discounted prices and often open early, sometimes as early as midnight<a href="#cite_note-midnight-2">[2]</a> or even on Thanksgiving. Some stores' sales continue to Monday ("<a href="/wiki/Cyber_Monday" title="Cyber Monday">Cyber Monday</a>") or for a week ("<a href="#Cyber_Week">Cyber Week</a>"). "Black Friday" has evolved in meaning and impact over the years, initially referring to calamitous days, with a notable early instance being <a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(1869)" title="Black Friday (1869)">Black Friday (1869)</a> in the US. This financial crisis saw a dramatic plunge in gold prices, affecting investors. The term was later used in American retail, starting ambiguously in the 1950s. Initially associated with workforce absence post-Thanksgiving, it was reinterpreted by <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia police">Philadelphia police</a> to describe the shopping-induced congestion. Attempts at rebranding to "Big Friday" failed, and the term "Black Friday" solidified by the 1980s, referring to the pivotal point where retailers purportedly shifted from loss ("in the red") to profit ("in the black"). This day marks the unofficial start of the <a href="/wiki/Economics_of_Christmas" title="Economics of Christmas">Christmas shopping</a> season, with promotional sales aiming to draw large crowds. Black Friday is the busiest shopping day of the year in the United States<a href="#cite_note-holiday.icsc.org-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-International_Council_of_Shopping_Centers-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> and retailers prioritize it and Cyber Monday as highly profitable holiday shopping days.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The concept has since globalized, with countries around the world adopting "Black Friday" sales to mimic the US phenomenon, adjusting local customs or creating similar events. The advent of online shopping and events like "Cyber Monday" have expanded the traditional one-day shopping frenzy into a broader holiday shopping season, diluting the singular focus of Black Friday, and expanding its economic impact. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> For centuries, the adjective "black" has been applied to days upon which calamities occurred. Many events have been described as "Black Friday", although the most significant such event in American history was the <a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(1869)" title="Black Friday (1869)">Panic of 1869</a>, which occurred when financiers <a href="/wiki/Jay_Gould" title="Jay Gould">Jay Gould</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Fisk_(financier)" title="James Fisk (financier)">James Fisk</a> took advantage of their connections with the <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant#Gold_standard_and_conspiracy" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant Administration</a> in an attempt <a href="/wiki/Cornering_the_market" title="Cornering the market">to corner</a> the gold market. When President Grant learned of this manipulation, he ordered the Treasury to release a large supply of gold, which halted the run and caused prices to drop by 18%. Fortunes were made and lost in a single day, and the president's own brother-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Abel_Corbin" title="Abel Corbin">Abel Corbin</a>, was ruined. The earliest known use of "Black Friday" to refer to the day after Thanksgiving occurred in the journal, <a href="/wiki/Engineering_Magazine" title="Engineering Magazine">Factory Management and Maintenance</a>, for November 1951, and again in 1952. Here it referred to the practice of workers calling in sick on the day after Thanksgiving, in order to have a four-day weekend. However, this use does not appear to have caught on. Around the same time, the terms "Black Friday" and "Black Saturday" came to be used by the police in Philadelphia and <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a> to describe the crowds and <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a> accompanying the start of the Christmas shopping season. In 1961, the city and merchants of Philadelphia attempted to improve conditions, and a public relations expert recommended rebranding the days "Big Friday" and "Big Saturday", but these terms were quickly forgotten.<a href="#cite_note-Zimmer2-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-linguistlist2392-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Snopes-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The use of the phrase spread slowly, first appearing in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> on November 29, 1975, in which it still refers specifically to "the busiest shopping and traffic day of the year" in Philadelphia. Although it soon became more widespread, <a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">The Philadelphia Inquirer</a> reported in 1985 that retailers in Cincinnati and Los Angeles were still unaware of the term.<a href="#cite_note-listserv.linguistlist.org-13">[13]</a> As the phrase gained national attention in the early 1980s, merchants objecting to the use of a derisive term to refer to one of the most important shopping days of the year suggested an alternative derivation: that retailers traditionally operated at a financial loss for most of the year (January through November) and made their profit during the holiday season, beginning on the day after Thanksgiving.<a href="#cite_note-Zimmer2-7">[7]</a> When this was recorded in the financial records, once-common accounting practices would use red ink to show negative amounts and <a href="/wiki/Black#Idioms_and_expressions" title="Black">black ink</a> to show positive amounts. Black Friday, under this theory, is the beginning of the period when retailers would no longer be "in the red", instead of taking in the year's profits.<a href="#cite_note-Zimmer2-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-listserv.linguistlist.org-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The earliest known published reference to this explanation occurs in The Philadelphia Inquirer for November 28, 1981.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Since the early 21st century, there have been attempts by US-based retailers to introduce a retail "Black Friday" to other countries around the world. Retailers outside the US have attempted to promote the day to remain competitive with US-based <a href="/wiki/Online_shopping" title="Online shopping">online retailers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In more recent decades, global retailers have adopted the term and date to market their own holiday sales.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Thanksgiving's relationship to Christmas shopping led to controversy in the 1930s. Retail stores would have liked to have a longer shopping season, but no store wanted to break with tradition and be the one to start advertising before Thanksgiving. For this reason, in 1939, President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> issued a presidential proclamation proclaiming Thanksgiving to be the fourth Thursday in November rather than the last Thursday, meaning in some years one week earlier, in order to lengthen the Christmas shopping season.<a href="#cite_note-congressthanks-18">[18]</a> Most people adopted the President's change, which was later reinforced by an act of Congress, but many continued to celebrate Thanksgiving on the traditional date.<a href="#cite_note-congressthanks-18">[18]</a> In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> was the first to offer "Black Friday in July" deals on what they called "Prime Day", promising better deals than on Black Friday. Amazon repeated the practice in 2016 and 2017, and other companies began offering similar deals.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Analyst Marshal Cohen of <a href="/wiki/The_NPD_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="The NPD Group">The NPD Group</a> claimed in 2020 that Black Friday is declining in favor of <a href="/wiki/Online_shopping" title="Online shopping">online shopping</a>, and that the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a> has accelerated this process. The pandemic also resulted in holiday deals being offered over a longer period of time, even as early as October.<a href="#cite_note-Chang-20">[20]</a> Fewer people shopped in person on Black Friday 2020, and most business took place online. Market research company Numerator said sellers of clothing, tools and other items considered nonessential during lockdowns were not promoted as heavily because lower production meant less available to sell.<a href="#cite_note-Olson-21">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Analytics" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Analytics">Adobe Analytics</a> reported that online sales reached $9 billion in 2020, 22% more than the previous year. Foot traffic to stores fell 48% in 2020 from last year, according to RetailNext, while Sensormatic Solutions reported a 52% decrease.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Black_Thursday"">"Black Thursday"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: "Black Thursday"">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray_Thursday_KF_Walmart.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gray_Thursday_KF_Walmart.jpeg/220px-Gray_Thursday_KF_Walmart.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gray_Thursday_KF_Walmart.jpeg/330px-Gray_Thursday_KF_Walmart.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gray_Thursday_KF_Walmart.jpeg/440px-Gray_Thursday_KF_Walmart.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2057" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Black Thursday, <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a></figcaption></figure> For many years, retailers pushed opening times on Black Friday earlier and earlier, eventually reaching midnight, before opening on the evening of Thanksgiving. <a href="/wiki/Kmart" title="Kmart">Kmart</a> opened its stores on Thanksgiving as early as 1991, and was open on Thanksgiving Day for many years.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In 2009, Kmart manager Freddy Moss opened at 7 p.m. on Thanksgiving in order to allow shoppers to avoid Black Friday traffic and return home in time for dinner with their families. Two years later, a number of retailers began opening at 8 p.m. or 9 p.m., on what became derisively known as "Black Thursday". In subsequent years, other stores followed this trend, opening earlier and earlier on Thanksgiving, or remaining open all day, beginning in the early morning hours.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Some retail and media sources have used the terms "Gray Thursday" or "Brown Thursday" instead.<a href="#cite_note-gray1-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-gray2-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-brown-28">[28]</a> The 2014 "Black Thursday" sales were generally a failure, as overall sales for the holiday week-end fell 11% compared to the previous year despite heavy traffic at the stores on Thanksgiving night.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In response, a number of retailers decided to go back to closing on Thanksgiving for 2015, and <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a>, although its holding firm opening on the holiday and holding its sale, also pledged to offer the same deals online for those who wished to stay home.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Retailers have received pushback from some consumers over opening on Thanksgiving Day.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Shopper opposition to stores opening on Thursday includes the perceived over-commercialization of Thanksgiving, retail workers not being able to spend time with their loved ones on the holiday,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> and Thursday doorbuster sales forcing consumers to sacrifice enjoying Thanksgiving evening with their families in order to avoid missing out on highly sought-after items which might not be available again prior to Christmas. Most retailers abandoned efforts to hold doorbuster sales on Thanksgiving in 2020; large crowds had been forbidden under most circumstances since March due to the ongoing <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, major retailers such as Walmart and <a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target</a> had already reduced their hours and dropped 24/7 operations in response to the pandemic, and several retailers known for opening on the holiday (particularly <a href="/wiki/Kmart_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kmart (United States)">Kmart</a>, which has typically been open regular hours) have <a href="/wiki/Retail_apocalypse" title="Retail apocalypse">rapidly declined</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Analytics" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Analytics">Adobe Analytics</a>, online shopping set a record on Thanksgiving 2020 with $5.1 billion in total spending, 21.5% higher than in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-Olson-21">[21]</a> Most major retailers again closed on Thanksgiving in 2021, with Target stating that its decision would be permanent; the small minority of retail chains remaining open on the holiday that year were limited mainly to pharmacies, dollar stores and grocery stores, retail categories that traditionally do not hold doorbusters.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Black_Friday_around_the_world">Black Friday around the world</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Black Friday around the world">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Friday_2015_Cerdanyola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Black_Friday_2015_Cerdanyola.jpg/220px-Black_Friday_2015_Cerdanyola.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Black_Friday_2015_Cerdanyola.jpg/330px-Black_Friday_2015_Cerdanyola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Black_Friday_2015_Cerdanyola.jpg/440px-Black_Friday_2015_Cerdanyola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>High discounts at a store in <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> during Black Friday</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Africa">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egypt">Egypt</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Egypt">edit</a>]</div> Black Friday, in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, started in 2014, being introduced as White Friday. The change of name was due to religious, traditional, and cultural concepts.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Libya">Libya</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Libya">edit</a>]</div> Black Friday deals started in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> since 2019, also introduced as White Friday due to religious, traditional and cultural concepts.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Asia">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pakistan">edit</a>]</div> The use Black Friday shopping festival terminology started in 2014 in major cities of Pakistan which later changed with "Blessed Friday" due to the religious reasons and welcomed by all religions and ethnic societies of Pakistan. Now Blessed Friday (Black Friday) shopping festival is being observed regularly all over Pakistan.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: India">edit</a>]</div> The holiday shopping season in India has traditionally been aligned around the "festive period" of major festivals usually falling around October or November, such as <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-40">[40]</a> Similar to US-style shopping events such as Black Friday, online retailers adopted the practice of holding multi-day promotions during this period, such as Amazon's "Great Indian Festival" and <a href="/wiki/Flipkart" title="Flipkart">Flipkart's</a> "Big Billion Days". India's <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a> (August 15) had also recently attracted similar events.<a href="#cite_note-:0-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Nonetheless, the concept of Black Friday has also been imported into the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">subcontinent</a> via international retailers – a move that influenced some Indian retailers to also adopt the promotion.<a href="#cite_note-:0-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saudi_Arabia">Saudi Arabia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Saudi Arabia">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, black Friday started when a local e-commerce platform noon.com created Yellow Friday Sale which is now an annual event.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Arab_Emirates">United Arab Emirates</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: United Arab Emirates">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">U.A.E.</a> Black Friday started as White Friday campaign in 2014. In 2018 local e-commerce platform noon.com created Yellow Friday in the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">U.A.E.</a>. The Yellow Friday Sale is now an annual event in <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">U.A.E.</a>, falling around the same time as Black Friday globally.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Europe">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belgium">Belgium</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Belgium">edit</a>]</div> Black Friday in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> is seriously marketed by retailers since 2016. Especially online shops have broke sales records during the last edition of Black Friday, which provides a base for further growth of popularity of Black Friday in Belgium. After 2016, Black Friday in Belgium has grown strongly. The participating shops have increased to over seventy during the Black Friday period of 2017. During Black Friday 2018, a total of 119 participating stores were measured in Belgium.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="France">France</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: France">edit</a>]</div> French businesses are slowly introducing the Black Friday custom into the market.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Discounts of up to 85% were given by retailing giants such as <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon</a> in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> French electronics retailers such as <a href="/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac">FNAC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Auchan" title="Auchan">Auchan</a> advertised deals online, while <a href="/wiki/Darty" class="mw-redirect" title="Darty">Darty</a> also took part in this once-a-year monster sale. Retailers favored the very American term "Black Friday" to "Vendredi noir" in their advertisements.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In 2016, because of the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">terror attacks in Paris</a> in November the year before, some retailers used the name "Jour XXL" (XXL day) instead of Black Friday.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> An alternative was brought up by some online businesses in 2018, called "French Days",<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> which goal is to replicate Black Friday during spring season (starting around the first day of May). On November 20, 2020, the French government finalized an agreement with e-commerce businesses like Amazon and supermarket chains to postpone Black Friday promotions by a week. Discounted shopping promotions were to begin on December 4 instead, after physical stores shuttered during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> were allowed to reopen.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Germany">Germany</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Germany">edit</a>]</div> In Germany, "Black Friday" retailer advertisements refer to "Black Week" and "Black Shopping" in English with sales lasting an entire week (excluding Sundays when most retail stores are closed). During this sales period, stores keep their normal working hours. Although goods are offered at reduced prices, the prices are not cut significantly more than normal weekly price reductions. Apple was the first company to run a special Black Friday campaign for the German market in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Apple never used the name Black Friday in Germany, but promotes only a "one-day shopping event".<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In the first years, mostly internet retailers have used the event as an occasion to attract new customers with discounts, but bricks and mortar stores have already begun to adapt. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ireland">Ireland</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ireland">edit</a>]</div> Black Friday was introduced in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Latvia">Latvia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Latvia">edit</a>]</div> In 2017, Black Friday became widely popular in <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>. There was even a Black week and Black week-end sales in shopping centres.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Liechtenstein">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_Sale" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Friday Sale">Black Friday Sale</a> is a joint sales initiative by hundreds of online vendors. Over its first 24-hour run on November 28, 2013, more than 1.2 million people visited the site, making it the single largest online shopping event in German-speaking countries.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Netherlands">edit</a>]</div> In the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, Black Friday was introduced in 2015. Some years before, there were already a number of large and small retailers that used Black Friday in their marketing. However, with a total of 35 participating stores, 2015 can be considered the year in which Black Friday started in the Netherlands due to a more widespread support of large retailers. The popularity of Black Friday has grown rapidly in the Netherlands. The number of participating stores has increased to over 125 during the Black Friday period of 2017. For the 2018 edition, 166 shops joined the largest black Friday platform in the Netherlands.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Norway">Norway</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Norway">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, Black Friday started as a publicity stunt campaign in 2010 to increase the sales to the shopping mall Norwegian Outlet. Since the introduction, it has been promoted every year in a larger and growing market all over the country.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Poland">Poland</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Poland">edit</a>]</div> There has been growing interest for Black Friday in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> as well.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Romania">Romania</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Romania">edit</a>]</div> The concept was imported in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=EMAG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMAG (page does not exist)">eMAG</a> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/eMAG" class="extiw" title="ro:eMAG">ro</a>] and <a href="/wiki/Flanco" title="Flanco">Flanco</a> in 2011 and became bigger each year. The two reported the biggest Black Friday sales in 2014. eMAG sold products worth some 37 million euros while Flanco's sales totaled 22 million euros. Hundreds of retailers announced their participation in the 2015 campaign.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In 2015, 11 million Romanians say they have heard about Black Friday which is 73% of the 15 million people target segment; 6.7 million plan on buying something on biggest shopping event of the year in Romania.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In Romania, Black Friday is two weeks before the US Black Friday. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spain">Spain</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Spain">edit</a>]</div> In 2015, Spain joined with some small retailers. The celebration became more famous year by year, until the big retailers grew.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sweden">Sweden</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sweden">edit</a>]</div> In Sweden, Black Friday is widely practiced.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Switzerland">edit</a>]</div> In 2015, Swiss retailer <a href="/wiki/Manor_(department_store)" title="Manor (department store)">Manor</a> was the first to launch a special Black Friday promotion. The year after, most Swiss retailers launched special offers during the Black Friday Week. In 2024, sales of 470 million Swiss francs are expected. Although <a href="/wiki/Singles%27_Day" title="Singles' Day">Singles' Day</a> (November 11) had initially grown in importance, it has now become significantly less relevant than Black Friday in Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Turkey">Turkey</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Turkey">edit</a>]</div> Efsane Cuma, or "Legendary Friday," is the Turkish version of Black Friday – a major shopping event that falls on the last Friday of November. Efsane Cuma offers customers substantial discounts, promotions, and special deals across a variety of products, from electronics to clothing. This sales period has gained popularity in Turkey as both online and brick-and-mortar stores attract large crowds seeking bargains, often extending the deals for a few days or even over a week.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> In 2016, Black Friday was introduced in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day#Shopping" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day § Shopping</a></div> In the United Kingdom, the term "<a href="/wiki/Mad_Friday" class="mw-redirect" title="Mad Friday">Black Friday</a>" originated within the police and <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">NHS</a> to refer to the Friday before Christmas. It is the day when emergency services activate contingency plans to cope with the increase in workload due to many people going out drinking on the last Friday before Christmas. These plans can include setting up mobile field hospitals near city centre nightspots.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The term has then been adopted outside those services to refer to the evening and night of the Friday immediately before Christmas, and would now be considered a mainstream term and not simply as jargon of the emergency services. Traditionally, Boxing Day had been considered the biggest shopping day of the year in the UK. However in the 2010s, several American-owned retailers, such as <a href="/wiki/Amazon_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon UK">Amazon UK</a> and the Walmart-owned chain <a href="/wiki/Asda" title="Asda">Asda</a>, began to hold US-style Black Friday promotions; in 2014, more British retailers began to adopt the concept, including <a href="/wiki/Argos_(retailer)" title="Argos (retailer)">Argos</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_(department_store)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lewis (department store)">John Lewis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Very_(online_retailer)" title="Very (online retailer)">Very</a>. That year, police forces were called to shops across Britain to deal with crowd control issues, assaults, threatening customers, and traffic issues.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In response to incidents at branches of Tesco, Greater Manchester Police's deputy chief constable <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hopkins" title="Ian Hopkins">Ian Hopkins</a> said shoppers had behaved in an "appalling" fashion, and criticized shops for not making adequate security arrangements to ensure the safety of customers."<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Following these incidents, some retailers began to discontinue or heavily modify their promotions, with Asda stating that it would not hold all of its sales across a single day.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In 2016, total spending on online retail sites on Black Friday was £1.23 billion, a 2.2% increase over 2015.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">Needs updating</a>]<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> In 2017, UK retail sales in November grew faster than in December for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>, Black Friday is known by some as Dydd Gwener y Gwario Gwirion (Silly Spending Friday).<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: North America">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Canada">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day#Shopping" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day § Shopping</a></div> The large population centers on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario" title="Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Mainland" title="Lower Mainland">Lower Mainland</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> have always attracted <a href="/wiki/Cross-border_shopping" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-border shopping">cross-border shopping</a> into the United States, and as Black Friday became more popular in the US, Canadians often flocked over the border because of their lower prices and a stronger Canadian dollar. After 2001, many were traveling for the deals across the border. Starting in 2008 and 2009, due to the parity of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a> compared with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">American dollar</a>, several major Canadian retailers ran Black Friday deals of their own to discourage shoppers from leaving Canada.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Star-72">[72]</a> The year 2012 saw the biggest Black Friday to date in Canada, as Canadian retailers embraced it in an attempt to keep shoppers from travelling across the border.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Before the advent of Black Friday in Canada, the most comparable holiday was <a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day#Shopping" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a> in terms of retailer impact and <a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">consumerism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ctv.ca-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mexico">Mexico</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Mexico">edit</a>]</div> In Mexico, Black Friday was the inspiration for the government and retailing industry to create an annual week-end of discounts and extended credit terms, <a href="/wiki/El_Buen_Fin" title="El Buen Fin">El Buen Fin</a>, meaning "the good weekend" in Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> El Buen Fin has been in existence since 2011 and takes place on November in the week-end prior to the Monday in which the Mexican Revolution holiday is pushed from its original date of November 20, as a result of the measure taken by the government of pushing certain holidays to the Monday of their week in order to avoid the workers and students to make a "larger" week-end (for example, not attending in a Friday after a Thursday holiday, thus making a four-day week-end). On this week-end, major retailers extend their store hours<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> and offer special promotions, including extended credit terms and price promotions. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DCUSA.Gallery10.TargetBlackFriday.Wikipedia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/DCUSA.Gallery10.TargetBlackFriday.Wikipedia.jpg/220px-DCUSA.Gallery10.TargetBlackFriday.Wikipedia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/DCUSA.Gallery10.TargetBlackFriday.Wikipedia.jpg/330px-DCUSA.Gallery10.TargetBlackFriday.Wikipedia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/DCUSA.Gallery10.TargetBlackFriday.Wikipedia.jpg/440px-DCUSA.Gallery10.TargetBlackFriday.Wikipedia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Interior of a <a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target</a> store on Black Friday</figcaption></figure> Black Friday is not an official holiday in the United States, but <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and some other states observe "The Day After Thanksgiving" as a holiday for <a href="/wiki/State_government" title="State government">state government</a> employees. It is sometimes observed in lieu of another federal holiday, such as <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Day" title="Columbus Day">Columbus Day</a>. Many non-retail employees and schools have both Thanksgiving and the following Friday off. Along with the following regular week-end, this makes Black Friday weekend a four-day weekend, which is said to increase the number of potential shoppers. The <a href="/wiki/SouthPark_(Charlotte_neighborhood)" class="mw-redirect" title="SouthPark (Charlotte neighborhood)">SouthPark</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, is the most trafficked area of the United States on Black Friday.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Black Friday is a shopping day for a combination of reasons. As the first day after the last major holiday before Christmas, it marks the unofficial beginning of the Christmas shopping season. Additionally, many employers give their employees the day off as part of the Thanksgiving holiday week-end. In order to take advantage of this, virtually all retailers in the country, big and small, offer various sales including limited amounts of "doorbuster" items to entice traffic. For many years, it was common for retailers to open at 6 a.m., but in the late 2000s many opened at 4 a.m.–5 a.m. The early 2010s have seen retailers extend beyond normal hours in order to maintain an edge or to simply keep up with the competition. In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Toys_%22R%22_Us" title="Toys "R" Us">Toys "R" Us</a> began their Black Friday sales at 10 p.m. on Thanksgiving and further upped the ante by offering free boxes of <a href="/wiki/Crayola" title="Crayola">Crayola</a> crayons and coloring books for as long as supplies lasted. Other retailers, like <a href="/wiki/Sears" title="Sears">Sears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Express_(store)" class="mw-redirect" title="Express (store)">Express</a>, MK, <a href="/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret" title="Victoria's Secret">Victoria's Secret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zumiez" title="Zumiez">Zumiez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tillys" title="Tillys">Tillys</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Eagle_Outfitters" title="American Eagle Outfitters">American Eagle Outfitters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a>, Jordan, <a href="/wiki/Puma_(brand)" title="Puma (brand)">Puma</a>, <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9ropostale_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aéropostale (clothing)">Aéropostale</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kmart_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kmart (United States)">Kmart</a>, began Black Friday sales early Thanksgiving morning and ran them through as late as 11 p.m. Friday evening. <a href="/wiki/Forever_21" title="Forever 21">Forever 21</a> went in the opposite direction, opening at normal hours on Friday, and running late sales until 2 a.m. Saturday morning.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In 2011, several retailers (including <a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kohl%27s" title="Kohl's">Kohl's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macy%27s" title="Macy's">Macy's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Best_Buy" title="Best Buy">Best Buy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bealls_(Florida)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bealls (Florida)">Bealls</a>)<a href="#cite_note-midnight-2">[2]</a> opened at midnight for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> In 2012, <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a> and several other retailers announced that they would open most of their stores at 8 p.m. on Thanksgiving, prompting calls for a <a href="/wiki/Walkout" title="Walkout">walkout</a> among some workers.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In 2014, stores such as <a href="/wiki/J._C._Penney" class="mw-redirect" title="J. C. Penney">JCPenney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Best_Buy" title="Best Buy">Best Buy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Radio_Shack" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Shack">Radio Shack</a> opened at 6 a.m. on Thanksgiving while stores such as <a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belk" title="Belk">Belk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sears" title="Sears">Sears</a> opened at 7 p.m. on Thanksgiving.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Three states – <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> – prohibit large supermarkets, big box stores, and department stores from opening on Thanksgiving, in what has been referred to as a legacy of <a href="/wiki/Blue_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Blue laws in the United States">blue laws</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> A bill to allow stores to open on Thanksgiving was the subject of a public hearing on July 8, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Historically, it was common for Black Friday sales to extend throughout the following week-end. However, this practice has largely disappeared in recent years, perhaps because of an effort by retailers to create a greater sense of urgency. The news media usually give heavy play to reports of Black Friday shopping and their implications for the commercial success of the Christmas shopping season, but the relationship between Black Friday sales and retail sales for the full holiday season is quite weak and may even be negative.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camping_overnight_at_Best_Buy_in_Richfield,_MN_for_Black_Friday_deals,_Nov_22,_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Camping_overnight_at_Best_Buy_in_Richfield%2C_MN_for_Black_Friday_deals%2C_Nov_22%2C_2012.jpg/220px-Camping_overnight_at_Best_Buy_in_Richfield%2C_MN_for_Black_Friday_deals%2C_Nov_22%2C_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Camping_overnight_at_Best_Buy_in_Richfield%2C_MN_for_Black_Friday_deals%2C_Nov_22%2C_2012.jpg/330px-Camping_overnight_at_Best_Buy_in_Richfield%2C_MN_for_Black_Friday_deals%2C_Nov_22%2C_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Camping_overnight_at_Best_Buy_in_Richfield%2C_MN_for_Black_Friday_deals%2C_Nov_22%2C_2012.jpg/440px-Camping_overnight_at_Best_Buy_in_Richfield%2C_MN_for_Black_Friday_deals%2C_Nov_22%2C_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Camping overnight at a <a href="/wiki/Best_Buy" title="Best Buy">Best Buy</a> store on Thursday, November 22, 2012</figcaption></figure> In 2014, spending volume on Black Friday fell for the first time since the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">2008 recession</a>. 50.9 billion dollars were spent during the four-day Black Friday week-end, down 11% from the previous year. However, the US economy was not in a recession. <a href="/wiki/Christmas_creep" title="Christmas creep">Christmas creep</a> has been cited as a factor in the diminishing importance of Black Friday, as many retailers now spread out their promotions over the entire months of November and December rather than concentrate them on a single shopping day or week-end.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> On April 23, 2014, ".blackfriday" joined a growing list of <a href="/wiki/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a> <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">top-level domains</a> (such as – traditionally – .com, .net, and .org).<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In 2015, Neil Stern of McMillan Doolittle said, "Black Friday is quickly losing its meaning on many fronts," because many stores opened on Thanksgiving, and a lot of sales started even earlier than that. Online shopping also made the day less important.<a href="#cite_note-Karp-92">[92]</a> A Gallup poll in 2012 has shown that only 18% of American adults planned to shop during Black Friday.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In 2020, an article in <a href="/wiki/Ad_Age" title="Ad Age">Ad Age</a> magazine stated that "an American capitalist tradition ... has been on the wane for years as online shopping rises in popularity" but the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, "which has dramatically altered shopping patterns, has seemingly dealt a fatal blow."<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> By 2021, spending during the holiday season was expected to continue to increase, but Black Friday was no longer a single day. It was instead an opportunity for retailers to offer deals during the season as online shopping continued to change consumer behavior. COVID-19 had increased the changes in buyer and retailer moves toward online transactions. <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_global_supply_chain_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 global supply chain crisis">Supply chain disruptions</a> caused consumers to buy earlier when they could find items.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Oceania">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day#Shopping" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day § Shopping</a></div> In Australia, the term is <a href="/wiki/Controversial" class="mw-redirect" title="Controversial">controversial</a>,<a href="#cite_note-DuncanFine-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-DanielMay-97">[97]</a> as prior to its popularisation as a shopping day, it referred not to shopping at all, but to the devastating <a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_bushfires" title="Black Friday bushfires">Black Friday bushfires</a> that occurred in Victoria 1938–39.<a href="#cite_note-DuncanFine-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-DanielMay-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-99">[99]</a> It was not until the 2010s that it was heavily promoted as a shopping day in Australia by in-store and online retailers, despite backlash and confusion by consumers. In 2011, Online Shopping USA hosted an event on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>. Twitter users had to use the hashtag #osublackfriday, which allowed them to follow along and tweet their favourite deals and discounts from stores.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> extended its Black Friday deals to Australia. Purchasing online gave customers free shipping and free <a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes</a> gift cards with every purchase. The deals were promoted on its website, reading "Official Apple Store – One day Apple shopping event Friday, November 29".<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> <a href="/wiki/Australia_Post" title="Australia Post">Australia Post</a>'s ShopMate parcel-forwarding service allows Australian customers to purchase products with "Black Friday" deals from the US and get them shipped to Australia. ShopMate ran from 2014 to 2022. It closed in February 2022 amid controversy about shipping costs.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In addition to this service, numerous stores in the country run Black Friday promotions in-store and online throughout the country.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> Black Friday started picking up in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> around 2013. In 2015, major retailers such as <a href="/wiki/The_Warehouse_Group#The_Warehouse" title="The Warehouse Group">The Warehouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noel_Leeming" title="Noel Leeming">Noel Leeming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Norman" title="Harvey Norman">Harvey Norman</a> offered Black Friday sales,<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> and by 2018 were joined by <a href="/wiki/Farmers_Trading_Company" title="Farmers Trading Company">Farmers</a>, <a href="/wiki/JB_Hi-Fi" title="JB Hi-Fi">JB Hi-Fi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Briscoe_Group" title="Briscoe Group">Briscoes and Rebel Sport</a>. Paymark, which processes around 75% of New Zealand's electronic transactions, recorded $219 million <a href="/wiki/NZD" class="mw-redirect" title="NZD">NZD</a> (US$151 million) of transactions on Black Friday 2017, up over 10% from the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: South America">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bolivia">Bolivia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Bolivia">edit</a>]</div> 2014 marked the introduction in Bolivia.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brazil">Brazil</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Brazil">edit</a>]</div> Black Friday has been increasingly adopted by stores in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> since 2010,<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> although not without its share of inflated prices and other scams, especially in its earlier years, earning the nickname "Black Fraude"<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> (Black Fraud) or also "Black Furadei", which comes from the slang word "furada", meaning a "jam" or tough situation, usually involving money. It is also common to hear Brazilian people say that prices on Brazilian Black Friday are "half of the double".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Colombia">Colombia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Colombia">edit</a>]</div> Black Friday was introduced in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Costa_Rica">Costa Rica</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Costa Rica">edit</a>]</div> Black Friday is known as Viernes Negro in Costa Rica.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Panama">Panama</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Panama">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, Black Friday was first celebrated in 2012, as a move by the government to attract local tourism to the country's capital city. During its first year, it was believed to have attracted an inflow of about 35,000 regional tourists according to the government's immigration census.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Violence">Violence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Violence">edit</a>]</div> Despite frequent attempts to control the crowds of shoppers, minor injuries are common among the crowds, usually as a result of being pushed or thrown to the ground in small <a href="/wiki/Crowd_crush" class="mw-redirect" title="Crowd crush">crowd crushes</a>. While most injuries remain minor, serious injuries and even deliberate violence have taken place on some Black Fridays. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008">2008</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: 2008">edit</a>]</div> In 2008, a crowd of approximately 2,000 shoppers in <a href="/wiki/Valley_Stream,_New_York" title="Valley Stream, New York">Valley Stream, New York</a>, waited outside for the 05:00 opening of the local <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a>. When the doors were opened, the crowd pushed forward, breaking the door down, and 34-year-old employee Jdimytai Damour was trampled to death. The shoppers did not appear concerned with the victim's fate, expressing refusal to halt their charge when other employees attempted to intervene and help the injured employee, complaining that they had been waiting in the cold and were not willing to wait any longer. Shoppers had begun assembling as early as 21:00 the evening before. Even when police arrived and attempted to render aid to the injured man, shoppers continued to pour in, shoving and pushing the officers as they made their way into the store. Several other people incurred minor injuries, including a pregnant woman who had to be taken to the hospital.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The incident may be the first case of a death occurring during Black Friday sales; according to the <a href="/wiki/National_Retail_Federation" title="National Retail Federation">National Retail Federation</a>, "We are not aware of any other circumstances where a retail employee has died working on the day after Thanksgiving."<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-111">[111]</a> On the same day, two people were fatally shot during an altercation at a Toys "R" Us in <a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Desert">Palm Desert</a>, California.<a href="#cite_note-LA-Times-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010">2010</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: 2010">edit</a>]</div> During Black Friday 2010, a <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a>, woman was arrested outside of a <a href="/wiki/Toys_%22R%22_Us" title="Toys "R" Us">Toys "R" Us</a> store after <a href="/wiki/Cutting_in_line" title="Cutting in line">cutting in line</a>, and threatening to shoot other shoppers who tried to object.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Toys_for_Tots" title="Toys for Tots">Toys for Tots</a> volunteer in Georgia was stabbed by a shoplifter.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a> woman was arrested after causing a disturbance by arguing with other Wal-Mart shoppers. She had been asked to leave the store, but refused.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> A man was arrested at a Florida Walmart on drug and weapons charges after other shoppers waiting in line for the store to open noticed he was carrying a <a href="/wiki/Handgun" title="Handgun">handgun</a> and reported it to the police. He was discovered to also be carrying two knives and a <a href="/wiki/Pepper_spray" title="Pepper spray">pepper spray</a> grenade.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> A man in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, was trampled when doors opened at a <a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target</a> store and unruly shoppers rushed in, in an episode reminiscent of the deadly 2008 Wal-Mart crowd crush.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011">2011</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: 2011">edit</a>]</div> On Black Friday 2011, a woman at a <a href="/wiki/Porter_Ranch" class="mw-redirect" title="Porter Ranch">Porter Ranch</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a> used <a href="/wiki/Pepper_spray" title="Pepper spray">pepper spray</a> on fellow shoppers, causing minor injuries to a reported 20 people who had been waiting hours for the store to open. The incident started as people waited in line for the newly discounted <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a>. A witness said a woman with two children in tow became upset with the way people were pushing in line. The witness said she pulled out pepper spray and sprayed the other people in line. Another account stated: "The store had brought out a crate of discounted Xbox 360s, and a crowd had formed to wait for the unwrapping, when the woman began spraying people 'in order to get an advantage,' according to the police.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> In an incident outside a Walmart store in <a href="/wiki/San_Leandro,_California" title="San Leandro, California">San Leandro, California</a>, one man was wounded after being shot following Black Friday shopping at about 1:45 a.m.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In <a href="/wiki/South_Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="South Charleston, West Virginia">South Charleston, West Virginia</a>, a 61-year-old pharmacist collapsed and died after suffering a heart attack at a store. The New York Daily News reported other shoppers did not stop to help the man, with some stepping over his collapsed body.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012">2012</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: 2012">edit</a>]</div> On Black Friday 2012, two people were shot outside a Wal-Mart in <a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee, Florida</a>, during a dispute over a parking space.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013">2013</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: 2013">edit</a>]</div> On Black Friday in 2013, a person in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> who was carrying a big-screen TV home from a Target store on Thanksgiving was shot in the leg as he tried to wrestle the item back from a robber who had just stolen it from him at gunpoint.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Romeoville,_Illinois" title="Romeoville, Illinois">Romeoville, Illinois</a>, a police officer shot a suspected shoplifter driving a car that was dragging a fellow officer at a Kohl's department store. The suspect and the dragged officer were treated for shoulder injuries. Three people were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In another situation, a 29-year-old shopper was arrested in a Walmart in New Jersey after arguing with a store manager about a TV and attacking an officer. He was charged with disorderly conduct, aggravated assault, and resisting arrest.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014">2014</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: 2014">edit</a>]</div> In 2014, three buyers were arrested after a group of five people started fighting at a Kohl's store in Tustin, California. Two female victims were found with facial lacerations, and one of them was taken to hospital with minor injuries, while the other was released on scene. According to officials, three other females were suspects for the assault and were taken into custody.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Two people were arrested after a brawl on Black Friday at a northwest side mall in Indianapolis. In Los Angeles, two women were fighting at a Walmart in Norwalk, California, over a Barbie doll on Thanksgiving night.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015">2015</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: 2015">edit</a>]</div> Several people fighting at a mall in Florence, Kentucky, allegedly over a pair of Air Jordan sneakers. This year was called "The worst Black Friday brawls in history" at that time due to the heavy use of smartphones that could instantly capture video.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016">2016</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: 2016">edit</a>]</div> In 2016, 21-year-old Demond Cottman was shot and killed around 01:00 Friday morning outside a Macy's store in New Jersey. The shooter fired multiple shots, leaving an SUV covered in bullet holes, but the motives remain unclear. Cottman's 26-year-old brother was also injured.<a href="#cite_note-time.com-130">[130]</a> A shooting at the <a href="/wiki/Wolfchase_Galleria" title="Wolfchase Galleria">Wolfchase Galleria</a> Mall in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, left one man injured. Derrick Blackburn, 19, was later arrested for unlawful possession of a weapon.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, a shirtless man attacked several people using his belt as a whip. The incident occurred outside an <a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a> store where a crowd was awaiting the release of a rare shoe.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018">2018</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: 2018">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Emantic_Fitzgerald_Bradford_Jr." title="Killing of Emantic Fitzgerald Bradford Jr.">Killing of Emantic Fitzgerald Bradford Jr.</a></div> At the <a href="/wiki/Riverchase_Galleria" title="Riverchase Galleria">Riverchase Galleria</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hoover,_Alabama" title="Hoover, Alabama">Hoover, Alabama</a>, Emantic Fitzgerald Bradford Jr., was shot and killed by a security guard after two people were wounded in a shooting.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> On Saturday, the police announced that the shooter was not Bradford, but claimed he was involved in the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019">2019</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: 2019">edit</a>]</div> A fight led to a shooting in the food court of the <a href="/wiki/Destiny_USA" title="Destiny USA">Destiny USA</a> mall in <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse, New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-libonati-136">[136]</a> The mall went into lockdown until shoppers and staff were released starting at about 8:00 p.m. with all shopping activity suspended.<a href="#cite_note-libonati-136">[136]</a> 21-year-old Kyree Truax was arrested and charged with second-degree assault, second-degree criminal possession of a weapon, and second-degree reckless endangerment for shooting the victim twice in the leg.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023">2023</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: 2023">edit</a>]</div> Three people were stabbed during a fight between two groups at the <a href="/wiki/Market_Mall" title="Market Mall">Market Mall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>. Four people were arrested. Hours later, three others were injured after a stabbing at <a href="/wiki/CrossIron_Mills" title="CrossIron Mills">CrossIron Mills</a>, another mall in Calgary.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024">2024</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: 2024">edit</a>]</div> Two people were injured in a shooting at the <a href="/wiki/Park_Plaza_Mall" title="Park Plaza Mall">Park Plaza Mall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock, Arkansas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Black_Friday_online">Black Friday online</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Black Friday online">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cyber_Black_Friday" title="Cyber Black Friday">Cyber Black Friday</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_traffic_challenges_for_retailers">High traffic challenges for retailers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: High traffic challenges for retailers">edit</a>]</div> Some online stores invest a lot of money in promotional campaigns to generate more sales and drive traffic to their stores. However, they often forget about the high loads their sites are going to experience. According to Retail Gazette, "A number of major retailers' websites went down as they failed to cope with the surge in Black Friday traffic in 2017 ... This just highlights that some retailers have not taken the necessary steps to prepare for Black Friday. Failing to prepare for peak can cause poor performance, site downtime, and ultimately lost revenue for retailers".<sup id="cite_ref-A_number_of_major_retailers'_websites_went_down_as_they_failed_to_cope_with_the_surge_in_Black_Friday_traffic_in_2017{{nbsp}}..._This_just_highlights_that_some_retailers_have_not_taken_the_necessary_steps_to_prepare_for_Black_Friday._Failing_to_prepare_for_peak_can_cause_poor_performance,_site_downtime,_and_ultimately_lost_revenue_for_retailers_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_number_of_major_retailers'_websites_went_down_as_they_failed_to_cope_with_the_surge_in_Black_Friday_traffic_in_2017{{nbsp}}..._This_just_highlights_that_some_retailers_have_not_taken_the_necessary_steps_to_prepare_for_Black_Friday._Failing_to_prepare_for_peak_can_cause_poor_performance,_site_downtime,_and_ultimately_lost_revenue_for_retailers-140">[140]</a> Such carelessness results in huge reputational damage. Moreover, the 2017 Veeam Availability Report in South Africa found that "Unplanned downtime costs organisations around the world an average of R270m annually, up from the R210m of the previous year".<a href="#cite_note-Unplanned_downtime_costs_organisations_around_the_world_an_average_of_R270m_annually,_up_from_the_R210m_of_the_previous_year-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advertising_tip_sites">Advertising tip sites</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Advertising tip sites">edit</a>]</div> Some websites offer information about day-after-Thanksgiving specials up to a month in advance.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The text listings of items and prices are usually accompanied by pictures of the actual ad circulars. These are either leaked by insiders or intentionally released by large retailers to give consumers insight and allow them time to plan. In recent years, some retailers (including <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target</a>, <a href="/wiki/OfficeMax" title="OfficeMax">OfficeMax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_Lots" title="Big Lots">Big Lots</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Staples,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Staples, Inc.">Staples</a>) have claimed that the advertisements they send in advance of Black Friday and the prices included in those advertisements are copyrighted and are <a href="/wiki/Trade_secret" title="Trade secret">trade secrets</a>. Some of these retailers have used the <a href="/wiki/Online_Copyright_Infringement_Liability_Limitation_Act" title="Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act">take-down system</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act" title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">Digital Millennium Copyright Act</a> (DMCA) as a means to remove the offending price listings.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> The benefit of threatening Internet sites with a DMCA-based lawsuit has proved tenuous at best. While some sites have complied with the requests, others have either ignored the threats or simply continued to post the information under the name of a similar-sounding fictional retailer. However, careful timing may mitigate the take-down notice. An <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet service provider</a> in 2003 brought suit against <a href="/wiki/Best_Buy" title="Best Buy">Best Buy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kohl%27s" title="Kohl's">Kohl's</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target Corporation</a>, arguing that the take-down notice provisions of the DMCA are unconstitutional. The court dismissed the case, ruling that only the third-party posters of the advertisements, and not the ISP itself, would have <a href="/wiki/Standing_(law)" title="Standing (law)">standing</a> to sue the retailers.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Usage of Black Friday advertising tip sites and buying direct varies by state in the US, influenced in large part by differences in shipping costs and whether a state has a sales tax. However, in recent years, the convenience of online shopping has increased the number of cross-border shoppers seeking bargains from outside of the US, especially from Canada. Statistics Canada indicates that online cross-border shopping by Canadians has increased by about 300M a year since 2002.<a href="#cite_note-Statscan-145">[145]</a> The complex nature of additional fees such as taxes, duties, and brokerage can make calculating the final cost of cross-border Black Friday deals difficult. Cross-border shopping solutions exist to mitigate the problem through estimation of the various cost involved. In 2019, Adobe shopping data showed that around 39% of the shopping was done through <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In 2022, 48% of online sales are made through smartphones, up from 44% in 2021. Meanwhile, consumers spent a record $9.12 billion shopping online during Black Friday this year.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyber_Monday">Cyber Monday</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Cyber Monday">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cyber_Monday" title="Cyber Monday">Cyber Monday</a></div> The term Cyber Monday, a <a href="/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">neologism</a> invented in 2005 by the <a href="/wiki/National_Retail_Federation" title="National Retail Federation">National Retail Federation</a>'s division Shop.org,<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> refers to the Monday immediately following Black Friday based on a trend that retailers began to recognize in 2003 and 2004. Retailers noticed that many consumers who were too busy to shop over the Thanksgiving week-end or did not find what they were looking for shopped for bargains online that Monday from home or work. In 2010, Hitwise reported: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Thanksgiving weekend offered a strong start, especially as Black Friday sales continued to grow in popularity. For the 2nd consecutive year, Black Friday was the highest day for retail traffic during the holiday season, followed by Thanksgiving and Cyber Monday. The highest year-over-year increases in visits took place on Cyber Monday and Black Friday with a growth of 16% and 13%, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></blockquote> In 2013, Cyber Monday online sales grew by 18% over the previous year, hitting a record $1.73 billion, with an average order value of $128.<a href="#cite_note-ComScore_Cyber_Monday_2013_Spending-150">[150]</a> In 2014, Cyber Monday was the busiest day of the year with sales exceeding $2 billion in desktop online spending, up 17% from the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyber_Week">Cyber Week</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Cyber Week">edit</a>]</div> As reported in the <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> "Entrepreneurs" column on December 3, 2013: "Cyber Monday, the online counterpart to Black Friday, has been gaining unprecedented popularity – to the point where Cyber Sales are continuing on throughout the week."<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Peter Greenberg, travel editor for <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>, further advises: "If you want a real deal on Black Friday, stay away from the mall. Black Friday and Cyber Monday are all part of Cyber Week ..."<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retail_sales_impact">Retail sales impact</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Retail sales impact">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/National_Retail_Federation" title="National Retail Federation">National Retail Federation</a> releases figures on the sales for each <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving</a> week-end.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> The Federation's definition of "Black Friday week-end" includes Thursday, Friday, Saturday and projected spending for Sunday. The survey estimates number of shoppers, not number of people. The length of the shopping season is not the same across all years: the date for Black Friday varies between November 23 and 29, while Christmas Eve is fixed at December 24. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Findings from NRF surveys regarding Black Friday weekend </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Date </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Survey published </th> <th scope="col">Shoppers (millions) </th> <th scope="col">Average spent </th> <th scope="col">Total spent </th> <th scope="col">Consumers polled </th> <th scope="col">Margin for error </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2021 </th> <td>Nov. 26 </td> <td>Nov. 30<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> </td> <td>180 </td> <td>$301.27 </td> <td>$54.2 billion </td> <td>5,759 </td> <td>± 1.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2020 </th> <td>Nov. 27</td> <td>Dec. 1<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a></td> <td>186</td> <td>$311.75</td> <td>$58.1 billion</td> <td>6,615</td> <td>± 1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2019 </th> <td>Nov. 29</td> <td>Dec. 3<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></td> <td>190</td> <td>$361.90</td> <td>$68.8 billion</td> <td>6,746</td> <td>± 1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2018 </th> <td>Nov. 23</td> <td>Nov. 27<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a></td> <td>165</td> <td>$313.29</td> <td>$51.7 billion</td> <td>3,058</td> <td>± 1.8% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2017 </th> <td>Nov. 24</td> <td>Nov. 28<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a></td> <td>174</td> <td>$335.47</td> <td>$58.3 billion</td> <td>3,242</td> <td>± 1.7% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2016 </th> <td>Nov. 25</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2015 </th> <td>Nov. 27</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2014<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> </th> <td>Nov. 28</td> <td>Nov. 30</td> <td>233</td> <td>$380.95</td> <td>$50.9 billion</td> <td>4,631</td> <td>± 1.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2013 </th> <td>Nov. 29</td> <td>Dec. 1</td> <td>249</td> <td>$407.02</td> <td>$57.4 billion</td> <td>4,864</td> <td>± 1.7% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2012 </th> <td>Nov. 23</td> <td>Nov. 25</td> <td>247</td> <td>$423.66</td> <td>$59.1 billion</td> <td>4,005</td> <td>± 1.6% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2011 </th> <td>Nov. 25</td> <td>Nov. 27</td> <td>226</td> <td>$398.62</td> <td>$52.5 billion</td> <td>3,826</td> <td>± 1.6% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2010 </th> <td>Nov. 26</td> <td>Nov. 28</td> <td>212</td> <td>$365.34</td> <td>$45.0 billion</td> <td>4,306</td> <td>± 1.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2009 </th> <td>Nov. 27</td> <td>Nov. 29</td> <td>195</td> <td>$343.31</td> <td>$41.2 billion</td> <td>4,985</td> <td>± 1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2008 </th> <td>Nov. 28</td> <td>Nov. 30</td> <td>172</td> <td>$372.57</td> <td>$41.0 billion</td> <td>3,370</td> <td>± 1.7% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2007 </th> <td>Nov. 23</td> <td>Nov. 25</td> <td>147</td> <td>$347.55</td> <td>$34.6 billion</td> <td>2,395</td> <td>± 1.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2006 </th> <td>Nov. 24</td> <td>Nov. 26</td> <td>140</td> <td>$360.15</td> <td>$34.4 billion</td> <td>3,090</td> <td>± 1.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2005 </th> <td>Nov. 25</td> <td>Nov. 27</td> <td>132</td> <td>$301.81</td> <td>$26.8 billion</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> These are various day-long events similar to Black Friday around the world or any other events on the same day as Black Friday. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day#Shopping" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy_Nothing_Day" title="Buy Nothing Day">Buy Nothing Day</a> on the same day</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_Monday" title="Circular Monday">Circular Monday</a>, a grassroots movement, database and shopping day for circular consumption</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Monday" title="Cyber Monday">Cyber Monday</a>, three days later</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giving_Tuesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Giving Tuesday">Giving Tuesday</a>, four days later</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Monday" title="Green Monday">Green Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Heritage_Day" title="Native American Heritage Day">Native American Heritage Day</a> on the same day</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime#Prime_Day" title="Amazon Prime">Prime Day</a>, a discounted retail day servicing Amazon.com customers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singles%27_Day" title="Singles' Day">Singles' Day</a>, a shopping day popular in China that occurs on November 11</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Business_Saturday" title="Small Business Saturday">Small Business Saturday</a> on the following day</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Saturday" title="Super Saturday">Super Saturday</a> (also known as Panic Saturday)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brandwatch.com/2014/12/retailers-sales-using-social-listening-learn-black-friday/">"Retailers & Sales: Using Social Listening To Learn More About Black Friday"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://holiday.icsc.org/2006/hw06_fullguide.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on November 29, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Council+of+Shopping+Centers&rft.atitle=Holiday+Watch%3A+Media+Guide+2006+Holiday+Facts+and+Figure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fholiday.icsc.org%2F2006%2Fhw06_fullguide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988">; ShopperTrak, Press Release,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101129122823/http://shoppertrak.com/shoppertrak-reports-positive-response-early-holiday-promotions-boosts-projections-2010-holiday-seaso">"ShopperTrak Reports Positive Response to Early Holiday Promotions Boosts Projections for 2010 Holiday Season"</a>. 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November 26, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126212842/https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/black-friday-sales-in-india-check-deals-on-phones-electronics-11603482.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cnbctv18.com&rft.atitle=Black+Friday+sales+in+India%3B+check+deals+on+phones%2C+electronics&rft.date=2021-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbctv18.com%2Fbusiness%2Fblack-friday-sales-in-india-check-deals-on-phones-electronics-11603482.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelocal.fr/20141128/black-friday-bemuses-french-consumers">"Black Friday Struggles to Seduce French Shoppers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Local" title="The Local">The Local</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151031074230/http://www.thelocal.fr/20141128/black-friday-bemuses-french-consumers">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=Black+Friday+Struggles+to+Seduce+French+Shoppers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.fr%2F20141128%2Fblack-friday-bemuses-french-consumers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2014/11/28/black-friday-2014-qu-est-ce-que-c-est-france-soldes-rabais-promos-magasins_n_6232102.html">"'Black Friday' : comment les marques françaises tentent de surfer sur ces soldes à l'américaine"</a>. Le Huffington Post (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151025074446/http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2014/11/28/black-friday-2014-qu-est-ce-que-c-est-france-soldes-rabais-promos-magasins_n_6232102.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=%27Black+Friday%27+%3A+comment+les+marques+fran%C3%A7aises+tentent+de+surfer+sur+ces+soldes+%C3%A0+l%27am%C3%A9ricaine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.fr%2F2014%2F11%2F28%2Fblack-friday-2014-qu-est-ce-que-c-est-france-soldes-rabais-promos-magasins_n_6232102.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/black-friday-goes-global-as-retailers-import-us-spending-holiday/">"Black Friday Goes Global as Retailers Import the US Spending Holiday"</a>. CNET. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151115074431/http://www.cnet.com/news/black-friday-goes-global-as-retailers-import-us-spending-holiday/">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=Black+Friday+Goes+Global+as+Retailers+Import+the+US+Spending+Holiday&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2Fblack-friday-goes-global-as-retailers-import-us-spending-holiday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1733739-20151118-attentats-paris-commercants-rebaptisent-black-friday">"Attentats de Paris: Les commerçants rebaptisent le "Black Friday""</a>. 20minutes. 18 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170107084242/http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1733739-20151118-attentats-paris-commercants-rebaptisent-black-friday">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=20minutes&rft.atitle=Attentats+de+Paris%3A+Les+commer%C3%A7ants+rebaptisent+le+%22Black+Friday%22&rft.date=2015-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.20minutes.fr%2Fsociete%2F1733739-20151118-attentats-paris-commercants-rebaptisent-black-friday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2018/04/28/avec-les-french-days-les-sites-d-e-commerce-francais-cherchent-a-lancer-leur-black-friday_5291989_3234.html">"Avec les " French Days ", les sites d'e-commerce français cherchent à lancer leur " Black Friday ""</a>. Le Monde.fr. April 28, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181117192925/https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2018/04/28/avec-les-french-days-les-sites-d-e-commerce-francais-cherchent-a-lancer-leur-black-friday_5291989_3234.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde.fr&rft.atitle=Avec+les+%22+French+Days+%22%2C+les+sites+d%27e-commerce+fran%C3%A7ais+cherchent+%C3%A0+lancer+leur+%22+Black+Friday+%22&rft.date=2018-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Feconomie%2Farticle%2F2018%2F04%2F28%2Favec-les-french-days-les-sites-d-e-commerce-francais-cherchent-a-lancer-leur-black-friday_5291989_3234.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/economy-06be34aabe540d35993e3b26b8d91d04">"France postpones 'Black Friday' to help locked-down shops"</a>. Associated Press. 20 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201120145144/https://apnews.com/article/economy-06be34aabe540d35993e3b26b8d91d04">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=France+postpones+%27Black+Friday%27+to+help+locked-down+shops&rft.date=2020-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Feconomy-06be34aabe540d35993e3b26b8d91d04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.derwesten.de/leben/digital/kaufrausch-a-la-usa-was-ist-der-black-friday-id10086999.html">"Apple brachte den Black Friday nach Deutschland"</a>. Der Westen. November 28, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171115203424/https://www.derwesten.de/leben/digital/kaufrausch-a-la-usa-was-ist-der-black-friday-id10086999.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2017. Retrieved November 15, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Westen&rft.atitle=Apple+brachte+den+Black+Friday+nach+Deutschland&rft.date=2014-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.derwesten.de%2Fleben%2Fdigital%2Fkaufrausch-a-la-usa-was-ist-der-black-friday-id10086999.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.de/88212386/apple-laesst-black-friday-deutschland-ausfallen/">"Apple lässt Black Friday in Deutschland ausfallen"</a>. ZDNet. November 28, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181123022740/https://www.zdnet.de/88212386/apple-laesst-black-friday-deutschland-ausfallen/">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=Apple+l%C3%A4sst+Black+Friday+in+Deutschland+ausfallen&rft.date=2014-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.de%2F88212386%2Fapple-laesst-black-friday-deutschland-ausfallen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/black-friday-ireland-makes-weekend-of-it-1.2019475">"Black Friday: Ireland makes weekend of it"</a>. The Irish Times. November 28, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141204081700/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/black-friday-ireland-makes-weekend-of-it-1.2019475">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2014. Retrieved December 1, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Black+Friday%3A+Ireland+makes+weekend+of+it&rft.date=2014-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fireland%2Firish-news%2Fblack-friday-ireland-makes-weekend-of-it-1.2019475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vg.no/nyheter/forbruker/skoeytelegendens-nakenstunt-brakte-black-friday-til-norge/a/23854901/">"Skøytelegendens nakenstunt brakte Black Friday til Norge"</a> [Skate legend naked stunt brought Black Friday to Norway]. vg.com (in Norwegian). November 24, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161124221743/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/forbruker/skoeytelegendens-nakenstunt-brakte-black-friday-til-norge/a/23854901/">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=vg.com&rft.atitle=Sk%C3%B8ytelegendens+nakenstunt+brakte+Black+Friday+til+Norge&rft.date=2016-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vg.no%2Fnyheter%2Fforbruker%2Fskoeytelegendens-nakenstunt-brakte-black-friday-til-norge%2Fa%2F23854901%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/1184528/poland-participation-in-black-friday/">"Poland: Participation in Black Friday 2024"</a>. Statista. Retrieved November 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statista&rft.atitle=Poland%3A+Participation+in+Black+Friday+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F1184528%2Fpoland-participation-in-black-friday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business-review.eu/news/promanian-retailers-have-imported-the-lsquoblack-fridayrsquo-symbol-from-across-the-ocean-and-they-are-selling-their-products-at-a-discount-ppnbspemag-and-1171/">"Romanian Retailers Import 'Black Friday' Concept"</a>. El Rancho. November 25, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141122061954/http://business-review.eu/news/promanian-retailers-have-imported-the-lsquoblack-fridayrsquo-symbol-from-across-the-ocean-and-they-are-selling-their-products-at-a-discount-ppnbspemag-and-1171">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2014. Retrieved April 14, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Rancho&rft.atitle=Romanian+Retailers+Import+%27Black+Friday%27+Concept&rft.date=2011-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusiness-review.eu%2Fnews%2Fpromanian-retailers-have-imported-the-lsquoblack-fridayrsquo-symbol-from-across-the-ocean-and-they-are-selling-their-products-at-a-discount-ppnbspemag-and-1171%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121004426/http://www.romania-insider.com/the-retailer-that-launched-the-biggest-shopping-event-of-the-year-6-7-mln-romanians-want-to-buy-something-on-black-friday/159948/">"The Retailer that Hosts the Biggest Shopping Event of the Year: 6.7 mln Romanians Want to Buy Something on Black Friday"</a>. El Rancho. November 17, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romania-insider.com/the-retailer-that-launched-the-biggest-shopping-event-of-the-year-6-7-mln-romanians-want-to-buy-something-on-black-friday/159948/">the original</a> on November 21, 2015. Retrieved November 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Rancho&rft.atitle=The+Retailer+that+Hosts+the+Biggest+Shopping+Event+of+the+Year%3A+6.7+mln+Romanians+Want+to+Buy+Something+on+Black+Friday&rft.date=2015-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romania-insider.com%2Fthe-retailer-that-launched-the-biggest-shopping-event-of-the-year-6-7-mln-romanians-want-to-buy-something-on-black-friday%2F159948%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.va.se/nyheter/2014/11/28/black-friday-i-sverige/">"Black Friday i Sverige"</a> [Black Friday in Sweden]. Veckans Affärer. November 28, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141201010440/http://www.va.se/nyheter/2014/11/28/black-friday-i-sverige">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2014. Retrieved November 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veckans+Aff%C3%A4rer&rft.atitle=Black+Friday+i+Sverige&rft.date=2014-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.va.se%2Fnyheter%2F2014%2F11%2F28%2Fblack-friday-i-sverige%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZrotz2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zrotz, Julian (October 28, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackfridaydeals.ch/news/aktuelle-zahlen-zum-black-friday-2024/">"Aktuelle Zahlen zum Black Friday 2024"</a>. blackfridaydeals.ch (in Swiss High German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241113143806/https://www.blackfridaydeals.ch/news/aktuelle-zahlen-zum-black-friday-2024/">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2024. Retrieved November 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blackfridaydeals.ch&rft.atitle=Aktuelle+Zahlen+zum+Black+Friday+2024&rft.date=2024-10-28&rft.aulast=Zrotz&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackfridaydeals.ch%2Fnews%2Faktuelle-zahlen-zum-black-friday-2024%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zik.ua/en/news/2016/10/24/ukraine_to_have_its_grand_black_friday_sale_late_november_973992">Ukraine to have its grand Black Friday sale late November</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161128000929/http://zik.ua/en/news/2016/10/24/ukraine_to_have_its_grand_black_friday_sale_late_november_973992">Archived</a> November 28, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ZIK_(channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZIK (channel) (page does not exist)">ZIK</a> (October 24, 2016) </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2011" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Adam (December 17, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/topics/christmas/8962991/Field-hospital-set-up-for-Cardiffs-black-Friday-revellers.html">"Field hospital set up for Cardiff's 'black Friday' revellers"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171114204258/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/topics/christmas/8962991/Field-hospital-set-up-for-Cardiffs-black-Friday-revellers.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2017. 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November 28, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180822024415/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-30241459">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2018. 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Retrieved March 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ad+Age&rft.atitle=So+Long%2C+Black+Friday%3A+Don%27t+let+the+doorbusters+hit+you+on+the+way+out&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=18&rft.date=2020-11-09&rft.aulast=Pasquarelli&rft.aufirst=Adrianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadage.com%2Farticle%2Fcmo-strategy%2Fso-long-black-friday-dont-let-doorbusters-hit-you-way-out%2F2292051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasquarelli2021" class="citation journal cs1">Pasquarelli, Adrianne (November 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adage.com/article/marketing-news-strategy/what-marketers-need-know-about-black-friday-2021/2380526">"Everything marketers need to know about Black Friday: Consumers are shopping earlier than ever, but products will be more expensive"</a>. 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Retrieved January 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Australian+retailers+should+respect+the+past+and+rename+their+%27Black+Friday%27+sales&rft.pub=EconoTimes&rft.date=2018-11-26&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.econotimes.com%2FWhy-Australian-retailers-should-respect-the-past-and-rename-their-Black-Friday-sales-1462080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannam2019" class="citation web cs1">Hannam, Peter (January 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/lessons-learnt-and-perhaps-forgotten-from-australia-s-worst-fires-20190108-p50qol.html">"Lessons learnt (and perhaps forgotten) from Australia's 'worst fires'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220124154317/https://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/lessons-learnt-and-perhaps-forgotten-from-australia-s-worst-fires-20190108-p50qol.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2022. 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Retrieved December 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+Black+Friday+Deals+Go+Live+in+Australia&rft.date=2013-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fdigital-life%2Fdigital-life-news%2Fapples-black-friday-deals-go-live-in-australia-20131129-2yg9b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.choice.com.au/shopping/online-shopping/buying-online/articles/shopmate-and-us-freight-forwarding-services">"US freight-forwarding services"</a>. Choice Australia. 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Retrieved October 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Choice+Australia&rft.atitle=US+freight-forwarding+services&rft.date=2023-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.choice.com.au%2Fshopping%2Fonline-shopping%2Fbuying-online%2Farticles%2Fshopmate-and-us-freight-forwarding-services&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.couriermail.com.au/business/black-friday-2017-sales-discount-codes-and-secret-deals/news-story/7ce551556d7cdfaa0da5ee91c5d27d42">"60 of the best Black Friday sales and secret codes"</a>. www.couriermail.com.au. 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Retrieved December 7, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.couriermail.com.au&rft.atitle=60+of+the+best+Black+Friday+sales+and+secret+codes&rft.date=2017-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.couriermail.com.au%2Fbusiness%2Fblack-friday-2017-sales-discount-codes-and-secret-deals%2Fnews-story%2F7ce551556d7cdfaa0da5ee91c5d27d42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDougan2015" class="citation news cs1">Dougan, Patrice (November 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11551861">"Black Friday mania to hit New Zealand"</a>. 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Retrieved November 24, 2018 – via www.nzherald.co.nz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NZ+Herald&rft.atitle=Black+Friday+sales+madness+sweeps+country%2C+set+to+break+record&rft.date=2018-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fbusiness%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D3%26objectid%3D12165552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151028231348/http://www.eldeber.com.bo/economia/campana-black-friday-desata-fiebre.html">"La campaña 'black friday' desata fiebre de compras"</a>. eldeber.com.bo. 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Retrieved November 23, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brasileiros+tamb%C3%A9m+ter%C3%A3o+os+descontos+da+chamada+%27Black+Friday%27&rft.date=2010-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Ftecnologia%2Fnoticia%2F2010%2F11%2Fbrasileiros-tambem-terao-os-descontos-da-chamada-black-friday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politica.estadao.com.br/blogs/fausto-macedo/10-dicas-para-evitar-a-black-fraude/">"10 dicas para evitar a 'black fraude'"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171123123615/http://politica.estadao.com.br/blogs/fausto-macedo/10-dicas-para-evitar-a-black-fraude/">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2017. 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Retrieved November 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Le+Black+Friday+s%27invite+dans+les+enseignes+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.date=2014-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fsocietes%2F2014%2F11%2F27%2F20005-20141127ARTFIG00315-le-black-friday-s-invite-dans-les-enseignes-francaises.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nacion.com/economia/Clientes-esperaban-agresivas-Viernes-Negro_0_1381262073.html">"Clientes esperaban ofertas más agresivas este Viernes Negro"</a>. La Nación (in Spanish). 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Retrieved November 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Black+Friday+shopper+shot+in+robbery+attempt&rft.date=2011-11-26&rft.aulast=Wildermuth&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2011%2F11%2F25%2FMNLO1M48SO.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/man-dies-collapsing-shopping-center-black-friday-article-1.983040">"Man dies after collapsing in shopping center during Black Friday"</a>. New York Daily News. November 27, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170607184730/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/man-dies-collapsing-shopping-center-black-friday-article-1.983040">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2017. Retrieved June 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Man+dies+after+collapsing+in+shopping+center+during+Black+Friday&rft.date=2011-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fman-dies-collapsing-shopping-center-black-friday-article-1.983040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/us/2-shot-at-florida-walmart-over-parking-space-police-say/">"2 shot at Florida Walmart over parking space, police say"</a>. Fox News. November 23, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121124160645/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/11/23/2-shot-at-florida-walmart-over-parking-space-police-say/">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2012. Retrieved November 24, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2+shot+at+Florida+Walmart+over+parking+space%2C+police+say&rft.pub=Fox+News&rft.date=2012-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fus%2F2-shot-at-florida-walmart-over-parking-space-police-say%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2013/nov/29/nv-black-friday-shopper-shot-vegas/">"Shopper carrying TV home from Target shot in Las Vegas"</a>. Las Vegas Sun. November 29, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202145357/http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2013/nov/29/nv-black-friday-shopper-shot-vegas/">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved December 1, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Las+Vegas+Sun&rft.atitle=Shopper+carrying+TV+home+from+Target+shot+in+Las+Vegas&rft.date=2013-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lasvegassun.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2Fnov%2F29%2Fnv-black-friday-shopper-shot-vegas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegePerez2013" class="citation news cs1">Sege, Adam; Perez, Juan Jr. (November 29, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/suburbs/joliet_romeoville/chi-black-friday-kohls-shooting-20131128,0,1973578.story">"Charges filed after shoplifting suspect shot by police"</a>. Chicago Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131130214109/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/suburbs/joliet_romeoville/chi-black-friday-kohls-shooting-20131128,0,1973578.story">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2013. Retrieved December 1, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Charges+filed+after+shoplifting+suspect+shot+by+police&rft.date=2013-11-29&rft.aulast=Sege&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.au=Perez%2C+Juan+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fsuburbs%2Fjoliet_romeoville%2Fchi-black-friday-kohls-shooting-20131128%2C0%2C1973578.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/shopping-black-friday-thanksgiving-crowds-macys-arrest-wal-mart/2072361/">"Shopper Pepper Sprayed, Arrested in Argument over TV at New Jersey Walmart"</a>. 29 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200717064202/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/shopping-black-friday-thanksgiving-crowds-macys-arrest-wal-mart/2072361/">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2020. 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Retrieved July 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC7%2F&rft.atitle=Black+Friday+brawl+at+Kohl%27s+in+Tustin+ends+with+3+arrests&rft.date=2014-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabc7.com%2Fshopping%2Fblack-friday-brawl-at-kohls-in-tustin-ends-with-3-arrests%2F414657%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fox59.com/news/black-friday-brawl-at-northwest-side-mall/">"Black Friday brawl at northwest side mall"</a>. Fox 59. November 28, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200717104428/https://fox59.com/news/black-friday-brawl-at-northwest-side-mall/">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+59&rft.atitle=Black+Friday+brawl+at+northwest+side+mall&rft.date=2014-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffox59.com%2Fnews%2Fblack-friday-brawl-at-northwest-side-mall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLisiBoroffHensley2017" class="citation news cs1">Lisi, Brian; Boroff, David; Hensley, Nicole (November 23, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/kentucky-mall-brawl-kicks-black-friday-violence-article-1.2448085">"The worst Black Friday brawls in history (WARNING: GRAPHIC CONTENT)"</a>. 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Retrieved November 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=The+worst+Black+Friday+brawls+in+history+%28WARNING%3A+GRAPHIC+CONTENT%29&rft.date=2017-11-23&rft.aulast=Lisi&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Boroff%2C+David&rft.au=Hensley%2C+Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fkentucky-mall-brawl-kicks-black-friday-violence-article-1.2448085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-time.com-130"><a href="#cite_ref-time.com_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorl2016" class="citation web cs1">Worl, Justin (25 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4582426/black-friday-shootings/">"Black Friday Shootings Kill Two and Leave More Injured"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161126095646/http://time.com/4582426/black-friday-shootings/">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2016. 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Retrieved November 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shirtless+man+uses+belt+as+a+whip+outside+Vancouver+Black+Friday+sale&rft.date=2016-11-27&rft.aulast=Mangione&rft.aufirst=Kendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbc.ctvnews.ca%2Fshirtless-man-uses-belt-as-a-whip-outside-vancouver-black-friday-sale-1.3179008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuttonHolcombe" class="citation news cs1">Sutton, Joe; Holcombe, Madeline. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/23/us/alabama-mall-hoover-shooting/index.html">"Gunman dead and two wounded – including 12-year-old girl – in Alabama mall shooting"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181124014517/https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/23/us/alabama-mall-hoover-shooting/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2018. 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181124144959/https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/24/us/alabama-mall-hoover-shooting/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Alabama+mall+gunman+still+at+large+after+police+say+armed+man+killed+by+officer+%27likely+did+not+fire%27+shots&rft.date=2018-11-24&rft.aulast=Holcombe&rft.aufirst=Madeline&rft.au=Karimi%2C+Faith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F11%2F24%2Fus%2Falabama-mall-hoover-shooting%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-libonati-136">^ <a href="#cite_ref-libonati_136-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-libonati_136-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibonati2019" class="citation news cs1">Libonati, Chris (November 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syracuse.com/crime/2019/11/shot-fired-at-destiny-usa-on-black-friday-victim-wounded-in-leg.html">"Update: Chaos after shots fired at Destiny USA on Black Friday; mall is closed for day"</a>. 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Democrat & Chronicle (Rochester). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120041415/https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2019/11/30/kyree-truax-arrested-syracuse-mall-shooting-black-friday/4339278002/">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2021. 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Retrieved November 19, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Retail+Federation&rft.atitle=Holiday+and+Seasonal+Trends&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnrf.com%2Finsights%2Fholiday-and-seasonal-trends&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221127074310/https://nrf.com/media-center/press-releases/nearly-180-million-shop-over-thanksgiving-holiday-weekend">"Nearly 180 Million Shop Over Thanksgiving Holiday Weekend"</a>. NRF. 30 November 2021. 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Retrieved November 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NRF&rft.atitle=Nearly+180+Million+Shop+Over+Thanksgiving+Holiday+Weekend&rft.date=2021-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnrf.com%2Fmedia-center%2Fpress-releases%2Fnearly-180-million-shop-over-thanksgiving-holiday-weekend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123064138/https://nrf.com/media-center/press-releases/holiday-shoppers-take-advantage-early-thanksgiving-weekend-deals">"Holiday Shoppers Take Advantage of Early, Thanksgiving Weekend Deals"</a>. NRF. December 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nrf.com/media-center/press-releases/holiday-shoppers-take-advantage-early-thanksgiving-weekend-deals">the original</a> on November 23, 2022. Retrieved November 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NRF&rft.atitle=Holiday+Shoppers+Take+Advantage+of+Early%2C+Thanksgiving+Weekend+Deals&rft.date=2020-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnrf.com%2Fmedia-center%2Fpress-releases%2Fholiday-shoppers-take-advantage-early-thanksgiving-weekend-deals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221127112957/https://nrf.com/media-center/press-releases/thanksgiving-draws-nearly-190-million-shoppers">"Thanksgiving weekend draws nearly 190 million shoppers, spending up 16 percent"</a>. NRF. 3 December 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nrf.com/media-center/press-releases/thanksgiving-draws-nearly-190-million-shoppers">the original</a> on November 27, 2022. Retrieved November 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NRF&rft.atitle=Thanksgiving+weekend+draws+nearly+190+million+shoppers%2C+spending+up+16+percent&rft.date=2019-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnrf.com%2Fmedia-center%2Fpress-releases%2Fthanksgiving-draws-nearly-190-million-shoppers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220901050433/https://nrf.com/media-center/press-releases/thanksgiving-weekend-multichannel-shopping-almost-40-percent-over-last">"Thanksgiving weekend multichannel shopping up almost 40 percent over last year"</a>. NRF. 27 November 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nrf.com/media-center/press-releases/thanksgiving-weekend-multichannel-shopping-almost-40-percent-over-last">the original</a> on September 1, 2022. Retrieved November 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NRF&rft.atitle=Thanksgiving+weekend+multichannel+shopping+up+almost+40+percent+over+last+year&rft.date=2018-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnrf.com%2Fmedia-center%2Fpress-releases%2Fthanksgiving-weekend-multichannel-shopping-almost-40-percent-over-last&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20181109155937/https://nrf.com/media-center/press-releases/consumers-and-retailers-win-big-over-thanksgiving-holiday">"Consumers and retailers win big over Thanksgiving holiday"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nrf.com/media-center/press-releases/consumers-and-retailers-win-big-over-thanksgiving-holiday">the original</a> on November 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumers+and+retailers+win+big+over+Thanksgiving+holiday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnrf.com%2Fmedia-center%2Fpress-releases%2Fconsumers-and-retailers-win-big-over-thanksgiving-holiday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nrf.com/media/press-releases/early-promotions-online-shopping-and-improving-economy-changing-the-face-of">"Early Promotions, Online Shopping and Improving Economy Changing the Face of Black Friday Weekend"</a>. National Retail Federation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031721/https://nrf.com/media/press-releases/early-promotions-online-shopping-and-improving-economy-changing-the-face-of">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved November 16, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Retail+Federation&rft.atitle=Early+Promotions%2C+Online+Shopping+and+Improving+Economy+Changing+the+Face+of+Black+Friday+Weekend&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnrf.com%2Fmedia%2Fpress-releases%2Fearly-promotions-online-shopping-and-improving-economy-changing-the-face-of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Friday+%28shopping%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(shopping)&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thanksgiving" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thanksgiving"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thanksgiving314" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving">Thanksgiving</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:navajowhite;text-align:center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">History and traditions</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;"><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(Canada)" title="Thanksgiving (Canada)">Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain">Samuel de Champlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Martin Frobisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;"><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrims_(Plymouth_Colony)" title="Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)">Pilgrims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayflower" title="Mayflower">Mayflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth, Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(governor)" title="William Bradford (governor)">William Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Winslow" title="Edward Winslow">Edward Winslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Brewster" title="Mary Brewster">Mary Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_White_(Mayflower_passenger)" title="Susanna White (Mayflower passenger)">Susanna White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoset" title="Samoset">Samoset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squanto" title="Squanto">Squanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massasoit" title="Massasoit">Massasoit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wampanoag_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Wampanoag people">Wampanoag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornucopia" title="Cornucopia">Cornucopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Proclamation" title="National Thanksgiving Proclamation">National Thanksgiving Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franksgiving" title="Franksgiving">Franksgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Turkey_Presentation" title="National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation">National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Josepha_Hale" title="Sarah Josepha Hale">Sarah Josepha Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Wednesday" title="Blackout Wednesday">Blackout Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_Want" title="Freedom from Want">Freedom from Want</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourt%27s_Relation" title="Mourt's Relation">Mourt's Relation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendsgiving" title="Friendsgiving">Friendsgiving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erntedankfest_D%C3%BCsseldorf-Urdenbach" title="Erntedankfest Düsseldorf-Urdenbach">Erntedankfest Düsseldorf-Urdenbach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;">Cuisine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_dinner" title="Thanksgiving dinner">Thanksgiving dinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_fryer" title="Turkey fryer">Deep-fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofurkey" title="Tofurkey">Tofurkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turducken" title="Turducken">Turducken</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffing" title="Stuffing">Stuffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravy" title="Gravy">Gravy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butternut_squash" title="Butternut squash">Butternut squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_cider" title="Apple cider">Apple cider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_sauce" title="Cranberry sauce">Cranberry sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creamed_corn" title="Creamed corn">Creamed corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashed_potato" title="Mashed potato">Mashed potatoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">Sweet potatoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succotash" title="Succotash">Succotash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_bean_casserole" title="Green bean casserole">Green bean casserole</a></li> <li>Pie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_pie" title="Apple pie">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie" title="Pumpkin pie">Pumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_pie" title="Pecan pie">Pecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato_pie" title="Sweet potato pie">Sweet Potato</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:navajowhite;text-align:center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Media</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Thanksgiving_songs" title="Category:Thanksgiving songs">Songs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Restaurant" title="Alice's Restaurant">Alice's Restaurant</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bless_This_House_(song)" title="Bless This House (song)">Bless This House</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bringing_In_the_Sheaves" title="Bringing In the Sheaves">Bringing In the Sheaves</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Come,_Ye_Thankful_People,_Come" title="Come, Ye Thankful People, Come">Come, Ye Thankful People, Come</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_the_Beauty_of_the_Earth" title="For the Beauty of the Earth">For the Beauty of the Earth</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jingle_Bells" title="Jingle Bells">Jingle Bells</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_All_Things_Now_Living" class="mw-redirect" title="Let All Things Now Living">Let All Things Now Living</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Over_the_River_and_Through_the_Wood" title="Over the River and Through the Wood">Over the River and Through the Wood</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Thanksgiving_Song" title="The Thanksgiving Song">The Thanksgiving Song</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Gather_Together" title="We Gather Together">We Gather Together</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Plough_the_Fields_and_Scatter" title="We Plough the Fields and Scatter">We Plough the Fields and Scatter</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hold_My_Mule" title="Hold My Mule">You Name It</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Thanksgiving_television_specials" title="Category:Thanksgiving television specials">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Bart_vs._Thanksgiving" title="Bart vs. Thanksgiving">Bart vs. Thanksgiving</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Berenstain_Bears_Meet_Bigpaw" title="The Berenstain Bears Meet Bigpaw">The Berenstain Bears Meet Bigpaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugs_Bunny%27s_Thanksgiving_Diet" title="Bugs Bunny's Thanksgiving Diet">Bugs Bunny's Thanksgiving Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Charlie_Brown_Thanksgiving" title="A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving">A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garfield%27s_Thanksgiving" title="Garfield's Thanksgiving">Garfield's Thanksgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergalactic_Thanksgiving" title="Intergalactic Thanksgiving">Intergalactic Thanksgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga_and_the_Muppets_Holiday_Spectacular" title="Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular">Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mouse_on_the_Mayflower" title="The Mouse on the Mayflower">The Mouse on the Mayflower</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Favorite_Things" title="Oprah's Favorite Things">Oprah's Favorite Things</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_%26_Strangers" title="Saints & Strangers">Saints & Strangers</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slapsgiving" title="Slapsgiving">Slapsgiving</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slapsgiving_2:_Revenge_of_the_Slap" title="Slapsgiving 2: Revenge of the Slap">Slapsgiving 2: Revenge of the Slap</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Holiday_Special" title="Star Wars Holiday Special">Star Wars Holiday Special</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(Family_Guy)" title="Thanksgiving (Family Guy)">Thanksgiving</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_Orphans" title="Thanksgiving Orphans">Thanksgiving Orphans</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Thanksgiving_Special" title="The Thanksgiving Special">The Thanksgiving Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Hollow" title="Turkey Hollow">Turkey Hollow</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Turkeys_Away" title="Turkeys Away">Turkeys Away</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Very_Gaga_Thanksgiving" title="A Very Gaga Thanksgiving">A Very Gaga Thanksgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Winnie_the_Pooh_Thanksgiving" title="A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving">A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:navajowhite;text-align:center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Associated events</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;">Cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">Christmas and holiday season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvest_festival" title="Harvest festival">Harvest festival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_harvest_festivals" title="List of harvest festivals">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_around_Thanksgiving" title="List of films set around Thanksgiving">Thanksgiving in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thanksgiving_television_specials" title="List of Thanksgiving television specials">Thanksgiving television specials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_winter_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of winter festivals">Winter festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macy%27s_Great_Tree" title="Macy's Great Tree">Lighting of the Macy's Great Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Adoption_Day" title="National Adoption Day">National Adoption Day</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black Friday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Black_Friday" title="Cyber Black Friday">Cyber Black Friday</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Listening" title="National Day of Listening">National Day of Listening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Heritage_Day" title="Native American Heritage Day">Native American Heritage Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Business_Saturday" title="Small Business Saturday">Small Business Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Monday" title="Cyber Monday">Cyber Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giving_Tuesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Giving Tuesday">Giving Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgivukkah" title="Thanksgivukkah">Thanksgivukkah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_and_holiday_season_parades" title="List of Christmas and holiday season parades">Parades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novant_Health_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade" title="Novant Health Thanksgiving Day Parade">Novant Health (Charlotte)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Thanksgiving_Parade" title="Chicago Thanksgiving Parade">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Thanksgiving_Parade" title="America's Thanksgiving Parade">America's (Detroit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchener%E2%80%93Waterloo_Oktoberfest" title="Kitchener–Waterloo Oktoberfest">Oktoberfest (Kitchener-Waterloo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Christmas_Parade" title="Hollywood Christmas Parade">Hollywood Christmas (Los Angeles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macy%27s_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade" title="Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade">Macy's (New York City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6abc_Dunkin%27_Donuts_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade" title="6abc Dunkin' Donuts Thanksgiving Day Parade">6abc-Dunkin' Donuts (Philadelphia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebrate_the_Season_Parade" title="Celebrate the Season Parade">Celebrate the Season (Pittsburgh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Hometown_Thanksgiving_Parade" title="America's Hometown Thanksgiving Parade">America's Hometown (Plymouth)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;">Protests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Mourning_(United_States_protest)" title="National Day of Mourning (United States protest)">National Day of Mourning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unthanksgiving_Day" title="Unthanksgiving Day">Unthanksgiving Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy_Nothing_Day" title="Buy Nothing Day">Buy Nothing Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:navajowhite;text-align:center;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Football68" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;"><a href="/wiki/American_football_on_Thanksgiving" title="American football on Thanksgiving">Football</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_Thanksgiving_Day" title="NFL on Thanksgiving Day">NFL on Thanksgiving Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_Day_Classic" title="Thanksgiving Day Classic">CFL Thanksgiving Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Day_Classic" title="Turkey Day Classic">Turkey Day Classic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;"><a href="/wiki/Turkey_trot" title="Turkey trot">Turkey trots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berwick_Run_for_the_Diamonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Berwick Run for the Diamonds">Berwick Run for the Diamonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Turkey_Trot" title="Buffalo Turkey Trot">Buffalo Turkey Trot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Turkey_Trot" title="Dallas Turkey Trot">Dallas Turkey Trot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feaster_Five_Road_Race" title="Feaster Five Road Race">Feaster Five Road Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Road_Race" title="Manchester Road Race">Manchester Road Race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Dog_Show" title="National Dog Show">National Dog Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punkin_chunkin" title="Punkin chunkin">Pumpkin chucking / Pumpkin shoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_bowling" title="Turkey bowling">Turkey bowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Night_Grand_Prix" title="Turkey Night Grand Prix">Turkey Night Grand Prix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christmas672" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christmas" title="Template:Christmas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christmas" title="Template talk:Christmas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christmas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christmas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christmas672" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Christmas_(holiday)" title="Blue Christmas (holiday)">Blue Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Day" title="Children's Day">Children's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_Day" title="Saint Nicholas Day">Saint Nicholas Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen%27s_Day" title="Saint Stephen's Day">Saint Stephen's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Invictus" title="Sol Invictus">Sol Invictus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In Christianity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Biblical Magi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi" title="Adoration of the Magi">Adoration of the Magi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Adoration of the Shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Angel Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_to_the_shepherds" title="Annunciation to the shepherds">Annunciation to the shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmastide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">Massacre of the Innocents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">flight into Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_art" title="Nativity of Jesus in art">in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_later_culture" title="Nativity of Jesus in later culture">in later culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">Nativity scene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_nativity_scene" title="Neapolitan nativity scene">Neapolitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_Bethlehem" title="Star of Bethlehem">Star of Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night_(holiday)" title="Twelfth Night (holiday)">Twelfth Night</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In folklore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badalisc" title="Badalisc">Badalisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caganer" title="Caganer">Caganer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christkind" title="Christkind">Christkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BDla" title="Grýla">Grýla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Frost" title="Jack Frost">Jack Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korvatunturi" title="Korvatunturi">Korvatunturi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallikantzaros" title="Kallikantzaros">Kallikantzaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Christmas_Spider" title="Legend of the Christmas Spider">Legend of the Christmas Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Lwyd" title="Mari Lwyd">Mari Lwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miner%27s_figure" title="Miner's figure">Miner's figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisse_(folklore)" title="Nisse (folklore)">Nisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Man_Winter" title="Old Man Winter">Old Man Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perchta" title="Perchta">Perchta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa%27s_workshop" title="Santa's workshop">Santa's workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%B3_de_Nadal" title="Tió de Nadal">Tió de Nadal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turo%C5%84" title="Turoń">Turoń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertep" title="Vertep">Vertep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_cat" title="Yule cat">Yule cat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_gift-bringer" title="Christmas gift-bringer">Gift-bringers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas" title="Saint Nicholas">Saint Nicholas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_(European_folklore)" title="Saint Nicholas (European folklore)">folklore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Befana" title="Befana">Befana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ded_Moroz" title="Ded Moroz">Ded Moroz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Christmas" title="Father Christmas">Father Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandpa_Indian" title="Grandpa Indian">Grandpa Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joulupukki" title="Joulupukki">Joulupukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julemanden" title="Julemanden">Julemanden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Baba" title="Noel Baba">Noel Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olentzero" title="Olentzero">Olentzero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_No%C3%ABl" title="Père Noël">Père Noël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinterklaas" title="Sinterklaas">Sinterklaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_and_winter_gift-bringers" title="List of Christmas and winter gift-bringers">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_Saint_Nicholas" title="Companions of Saint Nicholas">Companions of Saint Nicholas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belsnickel" title="Belsnickel">Belsnickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_elf" title="Christmas elf">Elves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knecht_Ruprecht" title="Knecht Ruprecht">Knecht Ruprecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krampus" title="Krampus">Krampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs._Claus" title="Mrs. Claus">Mrs. Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Fouettard" title="Père Fouettard">Père Fouettard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_Man" title="Sack Man">Sack Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus%27_daughter" title="Santa Claus' daughter">Santa Claus' daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus%27s_reindeer" title="Santa Claus's reindeer">Santa's reindeer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_the_Red-Nosed_Reindeer" title="Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer">Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snegurochka" title="Snegurochka">Snegurochka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwarte_Piet" title="Zwarte Piet">Zwarte Piet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_traditions" title="Christmas traditions">Traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_calendar" title="Advent calendar">Advent calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent_candle" title="Advent candle">Advent candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent_wreath" title="Advent wreath">Advent wreath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar%27s_Head_Feast" title="Boar's Head Feast">Boar's Head Feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwibbogen" title="Schwibbogen">Candle arches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalking_the_door" title="Chalking the door">Chalking the door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_card" title="Christmas card">Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carols_by_Candlelight" title="Carols by Candlelight">Carols by Candlelight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalcade_of_Magi" title="Cavalcade of Magi">Cavalcade of Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christingle" title="Christingle">Christingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_jumper" title="Christmas jumper">Christmas jumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Peace" title="Christmas Peace">Christmas Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cracker" title="Christmas cracker">Crackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_decoration" title="Christmas decoration">Decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didukh" title="Didukh">Didukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Elf_on_the_Shelf" title="The Elf on the Shelf">The Elf on the Shelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Seven_Fishes" title="Feast of the Seven Fishes">Feast of the Seven Fishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Santa" title="Flying Santa">Flying Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_gift" title="Christmas gift">Gifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Santa_Tracker" title="Google Santa Tracker">Google Santa Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamper#Christmas_hamper" title="Hamper">Hampers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Posadas" title="Las Posadas">Las Posadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-robin_letter" title="Round-robin letter">Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_lights" title="Christmas lights">Lights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Misrule" title="Lord of Misrule">Lord of Misrule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_market" title="Christmas market">Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Mass" title="Midnight Mass">Midnight Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_star" title="Moravian star">Moravian star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummers%27_play" title="Mummers' play">Mummers' play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Lessons_and_Carols" title="Nine Lessons and Carols">Nine Lessons and Carols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORAD_Tracks_Santa" title="NORAD Tracks Santa">NORAD Tracks Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker" title="Nutcracker">Nutcrackers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker_doll" title="Nutcracker doll">dolls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_ornament" title="Christmas ornament">Ornaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_parade" title="Santa Claus parade">Parades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_and_holiday_season_parades" title="List of Christmas and holiday season parades">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1ata" title="Piñata">Piñatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poinsettia" title="Poinsettia">Poinsettia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_pyramid" title="Christmas pyramid">Pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4uchermann" title="Räuchermann">Räuchermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_seals" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas seals">Christmas seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Santa" title="Secret Santa">Secret Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanbaum" title="Spanbaum">Spanbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_szopka" title="Kraków szopka">Szopka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_stamp" title="Christmas stamp">Stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_stocking" title="Christmas stocking">Stockings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Days_of_Christmas" title="Twelve Days of Christmas">Twelve Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassailing" title="Wassailing">Wassailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_window" title="Christmas window">Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_goat" title="Yule goat">Yule goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_log" title="Yule log">Yule log</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Observance_of_Christmas_by_country" title="Observance of Christmas by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Australia" title="Christmas in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_Din" title="Boro Din">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Colombia" title="Christmas in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_and_Christmas_in_Denmark" title="Yule and Christmas in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Christmas" title="Ethiopian Christmas">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Finland" title="Christmas in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_France" title="Christmas in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihnachten" title="Weihnachten">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Christmas in Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Hungary" title="Christmas in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Iceland" title="Christmas in Iceland">Iceland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Christmas_folklore" title="Icelandic Christmas folklore">folklore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Indonesia" title="Christmas in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Ireland" title="Christmas in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Italy" title="Christmas in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Mexico" title="Christmas in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_New_Zealand" title="Christmas in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Norway" title="Christmas in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_the_Philippines" title="Christmas in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Poland" title="Christmas in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Romania" title="Christmas in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Russia" title="Christmas in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Scotland" title="Christmas in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Serbia" title="Christmas in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Sweden" title="Christmas in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Ukraine" title="Christmas in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Christmas in the American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Hawaii" title="Christmas in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_New_Mexico" title="Christmas in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_music" title="Christmas music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_carol" title="Christmas carol">Carols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_carols" title="List of Christmas carols">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_operas" title="List of Christmas operas">Operas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_hit_singles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of Christmas hit singles in the United Kingdom">Hit singles in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_popular_Christmas_singles_in_the_United_States" title="List of popular Christmas singles in the United States">Hit singles in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Christmas_Holiday_charts" title="Billboard Christmas Holiday charts">Music charts (Billboard)</a></li> <li>Music books <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carols_for_Choirs" title="Carols for Choirs">Carols for Choirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Book_of_Carols" title="The Oxford Book of Carols">The Oxford Book of Carols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Oxford_Book_of_Carols" title="The New Oxford Book of Carols">The New Oxford Book of Carols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piae_Cantiones" title="Piae Cantiones">Piae Cantiones</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_by_medium" title="Christmas by medium">Other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas-themed_literature" title="List of Christmas-themed literature">In literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">A Christmas Carol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_films" title="List of Christmas films">Films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_in_film" title="Santa Claus in film">Santa Claus in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li></ul></li> <li>Poetry <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Old_Santeclaus_with_Much_Delight" title="Old Santeclaus with Much Delight">Old Santeclaus with Much Delight</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Visit_from_St._Nicholas" title="A Visit from St. Nicholas">A Visit from St. Nicholas</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_in_the_Workhouse" title="Christmas Day in the Workhouse">Christmas Day in the Workhouse</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Journey_of_the_Magi" title="Journey of the Magi">Journey of the Magi</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tomten_(poem)" title="Tomten (poem)">Tomten</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_television_specials" title="List of Christmas television specials">Christmas television specials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Christmas_television_specials" title="List of United States Christmas television specials">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_Log_(TV_program)" title="Yule Log (TV program)">Yule Log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In modern society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Advent Conspiracy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(partying)" title="Black Friday (partying)">Black Friday (partying)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black Friday (shopping)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronner%27s_Christmas_Wonderland" title="Bronner's Christmas Wonderland">Bronner's Christmas Wonderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">Christmas and holiday season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_club" title="Christmas club">Christmas club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_creep" title="Christmas creep">Christmas creep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_(Trading)_Act_2004" title="Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004">Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_jumper" title="Christmas jumper">Christmas jumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_Christmas_Lectures" title="Royal Institution Christmas Lectures">Christmas Lectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmasland_in_New_Taipei_City" title="Christmasland in New Taipei City">Christmasland in New Taipei City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Mountains" title="Christmas Mountains">Christmas Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_seals" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas seals">Christmas seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_controversies" title="Christmas controversies">Controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Monday" title="Cyber Monday">Cyber Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_Christmas" title="Economics of Christmas">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GivingTuesday" title="GivingTuesday">GivingTuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinch" title="Grinch">Grinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Christmas_Lottery" title="Spanish Christmas Lottery">El Gordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Christmas" title="Jews and Christmas">Jews and Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_July" title="Christmas in July">In July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_August_(Yellowstone)" title="Christmas in August (Yellowstone)">In August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBA_Christmas_games" title="NBA Christmas games">NBA games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_Christmas_Day" title="NFL on Christmas Day">NFL games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikkujoulu" title="Pikkujoulu">Pikkujoulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SantaCon" title="SantaCon">SantaCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa%27s_Candy_Castle" title="Santa's Candy Castle">Santa's Candy Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_Village" title="Santa Claus Village">Santa Claus Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Scrooge" title="Ebenezer Scrooge">Scrooge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Business_Saturday" title="Small Business Saturday">Small Business Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Saturday" title="Super Saturday">Super Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_O%27Hanlon" title="Virginia O'Hanlon">Virginia O'Hanlon</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Yes,_Virginia,_there_is_a_Santa_Claus" title="Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus">Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus</a>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(weather)" title="White Christmas (weather)">White Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xmas" title="Xmas">Xmas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_dishes" title="List of Christmas dishes">Food and drink</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_dinner" title="Christmas dinner">Dinner</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joulup%C3%B6yt%C3%A4" title="Joulupöytä">Joulupöytä</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smorgasbord#Julbord" title="Smorgasbord">Julbord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julebord" title="Julebord">Julebord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%AB%C4%8Dios" title="Kūčios">Kūčios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9veillon" title="Réveillon">Réveillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_desserts" title="Thirteen desserts">Thirteen desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-dish_Christmas_Eve_supper" title="Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper">Twelve-dish supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigilia" title="Wigilia">Wigilia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Sweets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska" title="Baked Alaska">Baked Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candy_cane" title="Candy cane">Candy cane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cake" title="Christmas cake">Cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cookie" title="Christmas cookie">Cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozonac" title="Cozonac">Cozonac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitcake" title="Fruitcake">Fruitcake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingerbread" title="Gingerbread">Gingerbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutia" title="Kutia">Kutia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak%C3%B3wki" title="Makówki">Makówki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melomakarono" title="Melomakarono">Melomakarono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mince_pie" title="Mince pie">Mince pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampushka" title="Pampushka">Pampushka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panettone" title="Panettone">Panettone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlova_(dessert)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlova (dessert)">Pavlova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_pie" title="Pecan pie">Pecan pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed_roll" title="Poppy seed roll">Poppy seed roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_pudding" title="Christmas pudding">Pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie" title="Pumpkin pie">Pumpkin pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Qurabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_velvet_cake" title="Red velvet cake">Red velvet cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_plum" title="Sugar plum">Sugar plum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stollen" title="Stollen">Stollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szaloncukor" title="Szaloncukor">Szaloncukor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón">Turrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_log_(cake)" title="Yule log (cake)">Yule log</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Soup</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menudo_(soup)" title="Menudo (soup)">Menudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borscht" title="Borscht">Borscht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread_sauce" title="Bread sauce">Bread sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_sauce" title="Cranberry sauce">Cranberry sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcurrant_sauce" title="Redcurrant sauce">Redcurrant sauce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_cider" title="Apple cider">Apple cider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champurrado" title="Champurrado">Champurrado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_chocolate" title="Hot chocolate">Hot chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissel" title="Kissel">Kissel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">Mulled wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_bishop" title="Smoking bishop">Smoking bishop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponche_crema" title="Ponche crema">Ponche crema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowball_(cocktail)" title="Snowball (cocktail)">Snowball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Dumplings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca">Hallaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierogi" title="Pierogi">Pierogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Meat and fish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_ham" title="Christmas ham">Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_herring" title="Pickled herring">Pickled herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roast_goose" title="Roast goose">Roast goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeritos" title="Romeritos">Romeritos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffing" title="Stuffing">Stuffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourti%C3%A8re" title="Tourtière">Tourtière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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