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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Timeline of events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Timeline_of_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Timeline of events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Friday_11_January_1991" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friday_11_January_1991"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Friday 11 January 1991</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friday_11_January_1991-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saturday_12_January_1991" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saturday_12_January_1991"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Saturday 12 January 1991</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saturday_12_January_1991-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sunday_13_January_1991" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sunday_13_January_1991"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sunday 13 January 1991</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sunday_13_January_1991-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_victims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_victims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of victims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_victims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Criminal_prosecution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criminal_prosecution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Criminal prosecution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criminal_prosecution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">January Events</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloedige_Sondag_in_Vilnius" title="Bloedige Sondag in Vilnius – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bloedige Sondag in Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB_%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="أحداث يناير في ليتوانيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أحداث يناير في ليتوانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanvar_hadis%C9%99l%C9%99ri_(Litva)" title="Yanvar hadisələri (Litva) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yanvar hadisələri (Litva)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D2%A1%D0%B8%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_(1991)" title="Вильнюстағы ваҡиғалар (1991) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Вильнюстағы ваҡиғалар (1991)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%96_%D1%9E_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%B5_(1991)" title="Падзеі ў Вільнюсе (1991) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Падзеі ў Вільнюсе (1991)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%96_%D1%9E_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Студзеньскія падзеі ў Вільні – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Студзеньскія падзеі ў Вільні" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lednov%C3%A9_ud%C3%A1losti" title="Lednové události – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lednové události" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Januarereignisse_in_Litauen_1991" title="Januarereignisse in Litauen 1991 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Januarereignisse in Litauen 1991" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilniuse_veresaun" title="Vilniuse veresaun – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vilniuse veresaun" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masacre_de_enero_en_Lituania" title="Masacre de enero en Lituania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Masacre de enero en Lituania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89v%C3%A9nements_de_janvier" title="Événements de janvier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Événements de janvier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%EC%9B%94_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4_(%EB%A6%AC%ED%88%AC%EC%95%84%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84)" title="1월 사건 (리투아니아) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1월 사건 (리투아니아)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%BA%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80_(%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1)" title="Հունվարյան դեպքեր (Լիտվա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հունվարյան դեպքեր (Լիտվա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sije%C4%8Danjski_doga%C4%91aji_u_Litvi" title="Siječanjski događaji u Litvi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Siječanjski događaji u Litvi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristiwa-Peristiwa_Januari" title="Peristiwa-Peristiwa Januari – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peristiwa-Peristiwa Januari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eventi_di_gennaio" title="Eventi di gennaio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eventi di gennaio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8_(%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90)" title="מאורעות ינואר (ליטא) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מאורעות ינואר (ליטא)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ვილნიუსის სისხლიანი კვირა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვილნიუსის სისხლიანი კვირა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991._gada_janv%C4%81ra_notikumi_Lietuv%C4%81" title="1991. gada janvāra notikumi Lietuvā – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1991. gada janvāra notikumi Lietuvā" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausio_%C4%AFvykiai_(1991_m.)" title="Sausio įvykiai (1991 m.) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sausio įvykiai (1991 m.)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5%E6%9B%9C%E6%97%A5%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6_(%E3%83%AA%E3%83%88%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2)" title="血の日曜日事件 (リトアニア) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="血の日曜日事件 (リトアニア)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Januarbegivenhetene_i_Litauen_1991" title="Januarbegivenhetene i Litauen 1991 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Januarbegivenhetene i Litauen 1991" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wydarzenia_styczniowe" title="Wydarzenia styczniowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wydarzenia styczniowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eventos_de_Janeiro" title="Eventos de Janeiro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eventos de Janeiro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evenimentele_din_ianuarie_1991_din_Lituania" title="Evenimentele din ianuarie 1991 din Lituania – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Evenimentele din ianuarie 1991 din Lituania" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%B5_(1991)" title="События в Вильнюсе (1991) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="События в Вильнюсе (1991)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnan_veril%C3%B6yly" title="Vilnan verilöyly – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vilnan verilöyly" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Januarih%C3%A4ndelserna_(Litauen)" title="Januarihändelserna (Litauen) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Januarihändelserna (Litauen)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocak_Olaylar%C4%B1" title="Ocak Olayları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ocak Olayları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%83_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%96" title="Січневі події у Вільнюсі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Січневі події у Вільнюсі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius%C3%B5_tapatalos" title="Vilniusõ tapatalos – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vilniusõ tapatalos" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_m._saus%C4%97_13_v%C4%ABksm%C4%81" title="1991 m. sausė 13 vīksmā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1991 m. sausė 13 vīksmā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the January 1991 events in Latvia, see <a href="/wiki/The_Barricades" title="The Barricades">The Barricades</a>. For the crisis in Kazakhstan, see <a href="/wiki/2022_Kazakh_unrest" title="2022 Kazakh unrest">2022 Kazakh unrest</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">January Events<br /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>: <i lang="lt">Sausio įvykiai</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg/300px-January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg/450px-January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg/600px-January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="514" /></a></span><br />A man with a <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lithuania" title="Flag of Lithuania">Lithuanian flag</a> in front of a <a href="/wiki/Soviet_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet military">Soviet tank</a>, 13 January 1991</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>11–13 January 1991</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>Lithuanian victory </p> <ul><li>Soviet forces withdraw from the cities</li> <li>Lithuanian statehood preserved</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuanian_National_Defence_Department_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lithuanian_National_Defence_Department_insignia.svg/19px-Lithuanian_National_Defence_Department_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lithuanian_National_Defence_Department_insignia.svg/29px-Lithuanian_National_Defence_Department_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lithuanian_National_Defence_Department_insignia.svg/38px-Lithuanian_National_Defence_Department_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="495" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Armed_Forces" title="Lithuanian Armed Forces">Department of National Defense</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_of_%C5%A0auli%C5%B3_s%C4%85junga.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Insignia_of_%C5%A0auli%C5%B3_s%C4%85junga.svg/19px-Insignia_of_%C5%A0auli%C5%B3_s%C4%85junga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Insignia_of_%C5%A0auli%C5%B3_s%C4%85junga.svg/29px-Insignia_of_%C5%A0auli%C5%B3_s%C4%85junga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Insignia_of_%C5%A0auli%C5%B3_s%C4%85junga.svg/38px-Insignia_of_%C5%A0auli%C5%B3_s%C4%85junga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="719" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Riflemen%27s_Union" title="Lithuanian Riflemen's Union">Lithuanian Riflemen's Union</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_Star_Flag.svg/23px-Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_Star_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_Star_Flag.svg/35px-Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_Star_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_Star_Flag.svg/46px-Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_Star_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet Army</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_76th_Airborne_Division_patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Russian_76th_Airborne_Division_patch.svg/16px-Russian_76th_Airborne_Division_patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Russian_76th_Airborne_Division_patch.svg/24px-Russian_76th_Airborne_Division_patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Russian_76th_Airborne_Division_patch.svg/32px-Russian_76th_Airborne_Division_patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="251" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/76th_Guards_Air_Assault_Division" title="76th Guards Air Assault Division">76th Airborne Division</a><sup id="cite_ref-20years_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20years-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblema_KGB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblema_KGB.svg/13px-Emblema_KGB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblema_KGB.svg/20px-Emblema_KGB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblema_KGB.svg/26px-Emblema_KGB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="291" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Alfagroup_emb_n1021.svg/16px-Alfagroup_emb_n1021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Alfagroup_emb_n1021.svg/24px-Alfagroup_emb_n1021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Alfagroup_emb_n1021.svg/32px-Alfagroup_emb_n1021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="606" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Group" title="Alpha Group">Alpha Group</a><sup id="cite_ref-20years_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20years-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic"><img alt="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Communist Party of Lithuania">National Salvation Committee of the Lithuanian SSR</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis">Vytautas Landsbergis</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Albertas_%C5%A0im%C4%97nas" title="Albertas Šimėnas">Albertas Šimėnas</a>  <a href="/wiki/Absent_without_leave" class="mw-redirect" title="Absent without leave">(<abbr title="Desertion">AWOL</abbr>)</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gediminas_Vagnorius" title="Gediminas Vagnorius">Gediminas Vagnorius</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Audrius_Butkevi%C4%8Dius" title="Audrius Butkevičius">Audrius Butkevičius</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Achalov" title="Vladislav Achalov">Vladislav Achalov</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic"><img alt="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mykolas_Burokevi%C4%8Dius" title="Mykolas Burokevičius">Mykolas Burokevičius</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 14 civilians killed <br />1 civilian died due to heart attack<br /> 702 injured</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 1 KGB soldier (<a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire" title="Friendly fire">friendly fire</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>January Events</b> (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>: <i lang="lt">Sausio įvykiai</i>) were a series of violent confrontations between the civilian population of <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, supporting independence, and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Armed_Forces" title="Soviet Armed Forces">Soviet Armed Forces</a>. The events took place between 11 and 13 January 1991, after the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">restoration of independence</a> by Lithuania. As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet military">Soviet military</a> actions,<sup id="cite_ref-dw-jan13-2016_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw-jan13-2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rferl-jan-13_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rferl-jan-13-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 14 civilians were killed and over 140 were injured.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-onthisday_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-onthisday-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 13th of January was the most violent day of the month in Lithuania. The events were primarily centered in the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital city</a> <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, but Soviet military activity and confrontations also occurred elsewhere in the country, including <a href="/wiki/Alytus" title="Alytus">Alytus</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai" title="Šiauliai">Šiauliai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Var%C4%97na" title="Varėna">Varėna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>January 13th is the Day of the Defenders of Freedom (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>: <i lang="lt">Laisvės Gynėjų Diena</i>) in Lithuania and it is officially observed as a commemorative day.<sup id="cite_ref-law-on-commemorative-days_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-law-on-commemorative-days-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_Events&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_economic_blockade_of_Lithuania" title="Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania">Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_rally_in_Lithuania_commemorate_and_condemn_the_Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact,_August_23,_1988,_Vilnius,_Vingis_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/A_rally_in_Lithuania_commemorate_and_condemn_the_Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact%2C_August_23%2C_1988%2C_Vilnius%2C_Vingis_Park.jpg/220px-A_rally_in_Lithuania_commemorate_and_condemn_the_Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact%2C_August_23%2C_1988%2C_Vilnius%2C_Vingis_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/A_rally_in_Lithuania_commemorate_and_condemn_the_Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact%2C_August_23%2C_1988%2C_Vilnius%2C_Vingis_Park.jpg/330px-A_rally_in_Lithuania_commemorate_and_condemn_the_Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact%2C_August_23%2C_1988%2C_Vilnius%2C_Vingis_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/A_rally_in_Lithuania_commemorate_and_condemn_the_Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact%2C_August_23%2C_1988%2C_Vilnius%2C_Vingis_Park.jpg/440px-A_rally_in_Lithuania_commemorate_and_condemn_the_Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact%2C_August_23%2C_1988%2C_Vilnius%2C_Vingis_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3412" /></a><figcaption>A rally in <a href="/wiki/Vingis_Park" title="Vingis Park">Vingis Park</a> to commemorate and condemn the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a> in 1988, organized by <a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Sąjūdis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a>, including Lithuania, were forcibly annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. This move was never recognized by <a href="/wiki/Western_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Powers">Western powers</a>. </p><p>The Republic of Lithuania declared independence from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> on 11 March 1990 and thereafter underwent a difficult period of emergence. During March–April 1990 the Soviet Airborne Troops (<a href="/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Troops" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Airborne Troops">VDV</a>) occupied buildings of the Political Education and the Higher Party School where the alternative <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Communist Party of Lithuania">Communist Party of Lithuania</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">CPSU</a> platform, later encamped. </p><p>The Soviet Union <a href="/wiki/Soviet_economic_blockade_of_Lithuania" title="Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania">imposed an economic blockade</a> between April and late June.<sup id="cite_ref-hrw_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Economic and energy shortages undermined public faith in the newly restored state. The <a href="/wiki/Inflation_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflation rate">inflation rate</a> reached 100% and continued to increase rapidly. In January 1991 the Lithuanian government was forced to raise prices several times and this was used for organization of mass protests of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Lithuania" title="Russians in Lithuania">"Russophone population"</a> of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-lbf_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lbf-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the five days preceding the killings, Soviet, Polish, and other workers at Vilnius factories protested the government's consumer goods price hikes and what they saw as ethnic discrimination.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, the Soviet government had mounted a propaganda campaign designed to further ethnic strife. This and other actions would give the Soviets a pretext for intervention when they later would send elite armed forces and special service units for the protection of the rallied Russophone population minority.<sup id="cite_ref-hrw_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lbf_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lbf-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 January the conflict between Chairman of the Parliament <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis">Vytautas Landsbergis</a> and the more pragmatic Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Kazimira_Prunskien%C4%97" title="Kazimira Prunskienė">Kazimira Prunskienė</a> culminated in her resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-hrw_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prunskienė met with Soviet Union President <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> on that day. He refused her request for assurances that military action would not be taken.<sup id="cite_ref-hrw_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the same day the pro-Moscow <a href="/wiki/Yedinstvo_(Lithuania)" title="Yedinstvo (Lithuania)">Yedinstvo</a> movement organized a rally in front of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Council of Lithuania">Supreme Council of Lithuania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vle-jan13_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vle-jan13-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protesters tried to storm the parliament building but were driven away by unarmed security forces using water cannons. Despite a Supreme Council vote the same day to halt price increases, the scale of protests and provocations backed by Yedinstvo and the Communist Party increased. During a radio and television address, Landsbergis called upon independence supporters to gather around and protect the main governmental and infrastructural buildings. </p><p>From 8–9 January several special Soviet military units were flown to Lithuania (including the counter-terrorism <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Group" title="Alpha Group">Alpha Group</a> and paratroopers of the <a href="/wiki/76th_Guards_Air_Assault_Division" title="76th Guards Air Assault Division">76th Guards Air Assault Division</a> of the VDV based at <a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a>). The official explanation was that this was needed to ensure constitutional order and the effectiveness of laws of the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian SSR">Lithuanian SSR</a> and the Soviet Union. </p><p>On 10 January Gorbachev addressed the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_%E2%80%93_Reconstituent_Seimas" title="Supreme Council – Reconstituent Seimas">Supreme Council</a>, demanding a restoration of the <a href="/wiki/1977_Soviet_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="1977 Soviet Constitution">constitution of the USSR</a> in Lithuania and the revocation of "all anti-constitutional laws".<sup id="cite_ref-vle-jan13_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vle-jan13-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He mentioned that military intervention could be possible within days. When Lithuanian officials asked for Moscow's guarantee not to send armed troops, Gorbachev did not reply. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_of_events">Timeline of events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_Events&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Timeline of events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friday_11_January_1991">Friday 11 January 1991</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_Events&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Friday 11 January 1991"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unarmed_civilians_defend_the_Lithuanian_Press_House_from_Soviet_army_paratroopers,_January_1991,_Vilnius,_Lithuania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Unarmed_civilians_defend_the_Lithuanian_Press_House_from_Soviet_army_paratroopers%2C_January_1991%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania.jpg/220px-Unarmed_civilians_defend_the_Lithuanian_Press_House_from_Soviet_army_paratroopers%2C_January_1991%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Unarmed_civilians_defend_the_Lithuanian_Press_House_from_Soviet_army_paratroopers%2C_January_1991%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania.jpg/330px-Unarmed_civilians_defend_the_Lithuanian_Press_House_from_Soviet_army_paratroopers%2C_January_1991%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Unarmed_civilians_defend_the_Lithuanian_Press_House_from_Soviet_army_paratroopers%2C_January_1991%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania.jpg/440px-Unarmed_civilians_defend_the_Lithuanian_Press_House_from_Soviet_army_paratroopers%2C_January_1991%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5130" data-file-height="3341" /></a><figcaption>Unarmed civilians defend the Lithuanian Press House from <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet Army</a> paratroopers, January 1991</figcaption></figure> <p>In the morning, Landsbergis and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Albertas_%C5%A0im%C4%97nas" title="Albertas Šimėnas">Albertas Šimėnas</a> were presented with another ultimatum from the "Democratic Congress of Lithuania" demanding that they comply with Gorbachev's request by 15:00 on 11 January.<sup id="cite_ref-lrsk-timeline-jan10-11_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lrsk-timeline-jan10-11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>11:50</b> – Soviet military units seize the National Defence Department building in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>.</li> <li><b>12:00</b> – Soviet military units surround and seize the Press House building in Vilnius. Soldiers use live ammunition against civilians. Several people are hospitalized, some with bullet wounds.</li> <li><b>12:15</b> – Soviet paratroopers seize the regional building of the National Defence Department in <a href="/wiki/Alytus" title="Alytus">Alytus</a>.</li> <li><b>12:30</b> – Soviet military units seize the regional building of the National Defence Department in <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai" title="Šiauliai">Šiauliai</a>.</li> <li><b>15:00</b> – In a press conference held in the building of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania, the head of the Ideological Division <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juozas_Jermalavi%C4%8Dius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juozas Jermalavičius (page does not exist)">Juozas Jermalavičius</a> announces the creation of the "National Salvation Committee of Lithuanian SSR" and that from now on it will be the only legitimate government in Lithuania.</li> <li><b>16:40</b> – Minister of Foreign Affairs <a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Saudargas" title="Algirdas Saudargas">Algirdas Saudargas</a> sends a diplomatic note to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union in which he expresses his concerns about Soviet army violence in Lithuania.</li> <li><b>21:00</b> – Soviet military units seize a TV re-transmission center in <a href="/wiki/Nemen%C4%8Din%C4%97" title="Nemenčinė">Nemenčinė</a>.</li> <li><b>23:00</b> – Soviet military units seize the dispatcher's office of the Vilnius railway station. Railway traffic is disrupted but restored several hours later.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saturday_12_January_1991">Saturday 12 January 1991</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_Events&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Saturday 12 January 1991"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During an overnight session of the Supreme Council, Speaker Landsbergis announced that he had tried to call Gorbachev three times, but was unsuccessful. Deputy Minister of Defense of the Soviet Union, General <a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Achalov" title="Vladislav Achalov">Vladislav Achalov</a>, arrived in Lithuania and took control of all military operations. People from all over Lithuania started to encircle the main strategic buildings: the Supreme Council, the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">Radio and Television</a> Committee, the <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_TV_Tower" title="Vilnius TV Tower">Vilnius TV Tower</a> and the main telephone exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-lrsk-timeline-jan12_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lrsk-timeline-jan12-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>00:30</b> – Soviet military units seize the base of the Lithuanian SSR Special Purpose Detachment of Police (<a href="/wiki/OMON" title="OMON">OMON</a>) in a suburb of Vilnius.</li> <li><b>04:30</b> – Soviet military units unsuccessfully try to seize the <a href="/wiki/Mykolas_Romeris_University" title="Mykolas Romeris University">Police Academy</a> building in Vilnius.</li> <li><b>11:20</b> – Armed Soviet soldiers attack a border-line post near <a href="/wiki/Var%C4%97na" title="Varėna">Varėna</a>.</li> <li><b>14:00</b> – A Soviet military truck collides with a civilian vehicle in <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>. One person dies and three are hospitalized with serious injuries. Vilnius residents carry food to passengers in stalled trucks on strike.</li> <li><b>22:00</b> – A column of Soviet military vehicles is spotted leaving a military base in Vilnius and moving towards the city centre. Employees of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania instruct special worker groups (<a href="/wiki/Voluntary_People%27s_Druzhina" title="Voluntary People's Druzhina">druzhinas</a>) to be ready "for special events."</li> <li><b>23:00</b> – An unknown group of individuals who claim to be part of the National Salvation Committee, declare at the Supreme Council that it is their duty to take over Lithuania to avoid an economic meltdown and a fratricidal war.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sunday_13_January_1991">Sunday 13 January 1991</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_Events&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sunday 13 January 1991"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seimas_Palace_during_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Seimas_Palace_during_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg/220px-Seimas_Palace_during_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Seimas_Palace_during_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg/330px-Seimas_Palace_during_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Seimas_Palace_during_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg/440px-Seimas_Palace_during_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>Preparation for the anticipated Soviet assault inside the parliament building, the <a href="/wiki/Seimas_Palace" title="Seimas Palace">Seimas Palace</a>, 13 January.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unarmed_Lithuanian_citizen_standing_against_Soviet_tank,_Vilnius,_January_13,_1991.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Unarmed_Lithuanian_citizen_standing_against_Soviet_tank%2C_Vilnius%2C_January_13%2C_1991.jpg/220px-Unarmed_Lithuanian_citizen_standing_against_Soviet_tank%2C_Vilnius%2C_January_13%2C_1991.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Unarmed_Lithuanian_citizen_standing_against_Soviet_tank%2C_Vilnius%2C_January_13%2C_1991.jpg/330px-Unarmed_Lithuanian_citizen_standing_against_Soviet_tank%2C_Vilnius%2C_January_13%2C_1991.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Unarmed_Lithuanian_citizen_standing_against_Soviet_tank%2C_Vilnius%2C_January_13%2C_1991.jpg/440px-Unarmed_Lithuanian_citizen_standing_against_Soviet_tank%2C_Vilnius%2C_January_13%2C_1991.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4011" data-file-height="2762" /></a><figcaption>Unarmed Lithuanian citizen standing against a Soviet tank</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>00:00</b> – Another column of military vehicles (including <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tanks</a> and <a href="/wiki/BMP-3" title="BMP-3">BMPs</a>) is spotted leaving the military base and heading toward the TV tower.<sup id="cite_ref-lrsk-timeline-jan12_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lrsk-timeline-jan12-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lrsk-timeline-jan13_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lrsk-timeline-jan13-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>01:25</b> – Upon arrival in the vicinity of the TV tower, tanks start to fire blank rounds.</li> <li><b>01:50</b> – Tanks and soldiers encircle the TV tower. Soldiers fire live ammunition overhead and into civilian crowds gathered around the building. Tanks drive straight through lines of people. Fourteen people are killed in the attack, most of them shot and two crushed by tanks. One Soviet Alfa unit member (Viktor Shatskikh) is killed by friendly fire. Loudspeakers on several BMPs transmit the voice of Juozas Jermalavičius: "<i>Broliai lietuviai, nacionalistų ir separatistų vyriausybė, kuri priešpastatė save liaudžiai, nuversta. Eikite pas savo tėvus, vaikus!</i>" (<i>"Brother Lithuanians! The nationalist and separatist government, which confronted the people has been overthrown! Go [home] to your parents and children!"</i>)</li> <li><b>02:00</b> – BMPs and tanks surround the Radio and Television Committee building. Soldiers fire live ammunition into the building, over the heads of the civilian crowds. The live television broadcast was hosted by Eglė Bučelytė and later terminated. The last pictures transmitted are of a Soviet soldier running toward the camera and switching it off.</li> <li><b>02:30</b> – A small TV studio from Kaunas came on air unexpectedly. A technician of the family program that usually broadcast from Kaunas once a week was on the air, calling for anyone who could help to broadcast to the world in as many different languages as possible about the Soviet army and tanks killing unarmed people in Lithuania. Within an hour, the studio was filled with several university professors broadcasting in several languages. The studio received a threatening phone call from the Soviet army division of Kaunas (possibly the <a href="/wiki/7th_Guards_Mountain_Air_Assault_Division" title="7th Guards Mountain Air Assault Division">7th Guards Airborne Division</a> of the VDV). The second phone call from the Soviet army division followed shortly, with a commander stating that "they would not try to take over the studio so long as no misinformation is given". This was all broadcast live. The Kaunas TV station was using Juragiai and <a href="/wiki/Sitk%C5%ABnai_Radio_Station" title="Sitkūnai Radio Station">Sitkūnai</a> transmitters as retranslators.</li></ul> <p>Following these two attacks, large crowds (20,000 during the night, more than 50,000 in the morning) of independence supporters gathered around the Supreme Council building. People started building anti-tank barricades and setting up defences inside surrounding buildings. Provisional chapels were set up inside and outside the Supreme Council building. Members of the crowd prayed, sang and shouted pro-independence slogans. Despite columns of military trucks, BMPs and tanks moving into the vicinity of the Supreme Council, Soviet military forces retreated instead of attacking. </p><p>Among the members of the barricade were two <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> players who would later play for the <a href="/wiki/Lithuania_men%27s_national_basketball_team" title="Lithuania men's national basketball team">Lithuanian national team</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gintaras_Einikis" title="Gintaras Einikis">Gintaras Einikis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alvydas_Pazdrazdis" title="Alvydas Pazdrazdis">Alvydas Pazdrazdis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_victims">List of victims</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_Events&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: List of victims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Burial_ceremony_of_January_13_events_victims_in_Vilnius_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Burial_ceremony_of_January_13_events_victims_in_Vilnius_%282%29.jpg/220px-Burial_ceremony_of_January_13_events_victims_in_Vilnius_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Burial_ceremony_of_January_13_events_victims_in_Vilnius_%282%29.jpg/330px-Burial_ceremony_of_January_13_events_victims_in_Vilnius_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Burial_ceremony_of_January_13_events_victims_in_Vilnius_%282%29.jpg/440px-Burial_ceremony_of_January_13_events_victims_in_Vilnius_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="982" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>Burial ceremony of the victims</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnius_crosses_near_tv_tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Vilnius_crosses_near_tv_tower.jpg/220px-Vilnius_crosses_near_tv_tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Vilnius_crosses_near_tv_tower.jpg/330px-Vilnius_crosses_near_tv_tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Vilnius_crosses_near_tv_tower.jpg/440px-Vilnius_crosses_near_tv_tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The memorial to the victims near the TV tower. The crosses have since been moved inside the TV tower.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pam%C3%A1tn%C3%ADk_ob%C4%9Bt%C3%AD_Masakru_u_Vilniusk%C3%A9_televizn%C3%AD_v%C4%9B%C5%BEe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Pam%C3%A1tn%C3%ADk_ob%C4%9Bt%C3%AD_Masakru_u_Vilniusk%C3%A9_televizn%C3%AD_v%C4%9B%C5%BEe.jpg/220px-Pam%C3%A1tn%C3%ADk_ob%C4%9Bt%C3%AD_Masakru_u_Vilniusk%C3%A9_televizn%C3%AD_v%C4%9B%C5%BEe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Pam%C3%A1tn%C3%ADk_ob%C4%9Bt%C3%AD_Masakru_u_Vilniusk%C3%A9_televizn%C3%AD_v%C4%9B%C5%BEe.jpg/330px-Pam%C3%A1tn%C3%ADk_ob%C4%9Bt%C3%AD_Masakru_u_Vilniusk%C3%A9_televizn%C3%AD_v%C4%9B%C5%BEe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Pam%C3%A1tn%C3%ADk_ob%C4%9Bt%C3%AD_Masakru_u_Vilniusk%C3%A9_televizn%C3%AD_v%C4%9B%C5%BEe.jpg/440px-Pam%C3%A1tn%C3%ADk_ob%C4%9Bt%C3%AD_Masakru_u_Vilniusk%C3%A9_televizn%C3%AD_v%C4%9B%C5%BEe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The memorial wall near the TV tower</figcaption></figure> <p>In all, thirteen Lithuanians were killed by the Soviet army.<sup id="cite_ref-jan-13-victims_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jan-13-victims-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An additional civilian died at the scene due to a heart attack, and one Soviet soldier was killed by <a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire" title="Friendly fire">friendly fire</a>. All victims, except the Soviet soldier, were awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Cross_of_Vytis" title="Order of the Cross of Vytis">Order of the Cross of Vytis</a> (the Knight) on January 15, 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-jan-13-victims_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jan-13-victims-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Loreta_Asanavi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97" title="Loreta Asanavičiūtė">Loreta Asanavičiūtė</a> (b. 1967) – the only female victim. Worked as a seamstress in a factory. Died in hospital after she fell under a tank. Noted for her shy character, she became the most famous victim.</li> <li>Virginijus Druskis (b. 1969) – student at <a href="/wiki/Kaunas_University_of_Technology" title="Kaunas University of Technology">Kaunas University of Technology</a>. Was shot in the chest.</li> <li>Darius Gerbutavičius (b. 1973) – student at a vocational school. Was shot five times (legs, arms and back).</li> <li>Rolandas Jankauskas (b. 1969) – student. He was hit in the face by an explosive device. His mother was a native Russian from <a href="/wiki/Altai_Krai" title="Altai Krai">Altai Krai</a>.</li> <li>Rimantas Juknevičius (b. 1966) – native of <a href="/wiki/Marijampol%C4%97" title="Marijampolė">Marijampolė</a>, senior at Kaunas University of Technology. He was shot.</li> <li>Alvydas Kanapinskas (b. 1952) – worker at a <a href="/wiki/K%C4%97dainiai" title="Kėdainiai">Kėdainiai</a> biochemical factory. He was shot.</li> <li>Algimantas Petras Kavoliukas (b. 1939) – butcher at a grocery store. He was wounded by a rubber bullet on January 11, 1991, when he protested against the Soviet troops near the Press House. On January 13, he was hit by a tank. According to some witnesses, he was the first victim killed that night.</li> <li>Vytautas Koncevičius (b. 1941) – shopman. Died in the hospital about a month after the attacks. Had been deported to Siberia with his family in 1945. He was shot.</li> <li>Vidas Maciulevičius (b. 1966) – locksmith. Died from bullet wounds to the face, neck and spine.</li> <li>Titas Masiulis (b. 1962) – <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a> resident who was shot in the chest.</li> <li>Alvydas Matulka (b. 1955) – <a href="/wiki/Roki%C5%A1kis" title="Rokiškis">Rokiškis</a> resident who died from a <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">heart attack</a>.</li> <li>Apolinaras Juozas Povilaitis (b. 1937) – metalworker at an institute. He died from bullet wounds to the heart, right lung, upper arm and thigh.</li> <li>Ignas Šimulionis (b. 1973) – high school student, a friend of Gerbutavičius. Was shot in the head.</li> <li>Vytautas Vaitkus (b. 1943) – plumber at a meat plant. Died from bullet wounds to the chest.</li> <li>Viktor Viktorovich Shatskikh (b. 1961) – Lieutenant Group 'A' Service Office MTO 7 of the KGB. Mortally wounded by a 5.45mm bullet passing through a slit in his body armour, which originated from a <a href="/wiki/Ricochet" title="Ricochet">ricochet</a> bullet shot by a fellow soldier inside the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">Lithuanian National Radio and Television</a> building. He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Red_Banner" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Red Banner">Order of Red Banner</a> posthumously.</li></ol> <p>12 of the 14 victims were buried in the <a href="/wiki/Antakalnis_Cemetery" title="Antakalnis Cemetery">Antakalnis Cemetery</a> in Vilnius. Titas Masiulis was buried in <a href="/wiki/Petra%C5%A1i%C5%ABnai_Cemetery" title="Petrašiūnai Cemetery">Petrašiūnai Cemetery</a> in his native Kaunas, Rimantas Juknevičius was buried in the Marijampolė cemetery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_Events&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Commemoration_of_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_2010_(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Commemoration_of_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_2010_%286%29.jpg/220px-Commemoration_of_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_2010_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Commemoration_of_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_2010_%286%29.jpg/330px-Commemoration_of_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_2010_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Commemoration_of_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_2010_%286%29.jpg/440px-Commemoration_of_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_2010_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1999" /></a><figcaption>Commemoration ceremony near the victims' graves.</figcaption></figure> <p>Immediately after the attacks, the Supreme Council issued a letter to the people of the Soviet Union and to the rest of the world denouncing the attacks and calling for foreign governments to recognise that the Soviet Union had committed an act of aggression against a sovereign nation. Following the first news reports from Lithuania, the government of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> appealed to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. The government of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> expressed their solidarity with the people of Lithuania and denounced the actions of the Soviet army. </p><p>The reaction from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> government was somewhat muted as they were heavily preoccupied with the imminent onset of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Storm">Operation Desert Storm</a> against <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and worried about possible wider consequences if they were to offend the Soviets at that critical juncture.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> denounced the incident, calling it "deeply disturbing" and that it "threatens to set back or perhaps even reverse the process of reform" in the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bush was notably careful not to criticize Gorbachev directly, instead directing his remarks at "Soviet leaders".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the events, Gorbachev said that Lithuanian "workers and intellectuals" complaining of anti-Soviet broadcasts had tried to talk to the Lithuanian parliament, but they were refused and beaten.<sup id="cite_ref-ftworth_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftworth-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then, he said, Lithuanian "workers and intellectuals" asked the military commander in Vilnius to provide protection.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Marshal of the Soviet Union">Defense Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Yazov" title="Dmitry Yazov">Dmitry Yazov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)">Interior Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pugo" title="Boris Pugo">Boris Pugo</a> and Gorbachev all asserted that no one in Moscow gave orders to use force in Vilnius.<sup id="cite_ref-ftworth_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftworth-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yazov claimed that nationalists were trying to form what he called a bourgeois dictatorship. Pugo alleged on national television that the demonstrators had opened fire first.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the following day, meetings of support took place in many cities (<a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>) and some had defensive barricades built around their government districts. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LT-1996-50lit%C5%B3-Sausio_%C4%AFvykiai-b.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/LT-1996-50lit%C5%B3-Sausio_%C4%AFvykiai-b.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Litas" class="mw-redirect" title="Litas">Litas</a> <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_coins_of_Lithuania" title="Commemorative coins of Lithuania">commemorative coin</a> dedicated to the 5th anniversary of the January 13 events</figcaption></figure> <p>Although occupation and military raids continued for several months following the attacks, there were no large open military encounters after 13 January. Strong Western reaction and the actions of Soviet democratic forces put the President and the government of the Soviet Union in an awkward position. This influenced future Lithuanian-Russian negotiations and resulted in the signing of a treaty on 31 January. </p><p>During a visit by the official delegation of <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> to Lithuania on 20 January Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3n_Baldvin_Hannibalsson" title="Jón Baldvin Hannibalsson">Jón Baldvin Hannibalsson</a> said: "My government is seriously considering the possibility of establishing diplomatic relations with the Republic of Lithuania." Iceland kept its promise, and on 4 February 1991, just three weeks after the attacks, it <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">recognized</a> the Republic of Lithuania as a sovereign independent state, and diplomatic relations were established between the two nations. </p><p>These events are considered some of the main factors that led to the overwhelming victory of independence supporters in a <a href="/wiki/1991_Lithuanian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Lithuanian independence referendum">referendum</a> on 9 February 1991. 84.73% of registered voters voted, of which 90.47% of them voted in favour of the full and total independence of Lithuania. </p><p>Streets in the neighborhood of the TV tower were later renamed after nine victims of the attack. A street in Titas Masiulis' native Kaunas was named after him, likewise a street in Marijampolė after its native, Rimantas Juknevičius, a street in <a href="/wiki/K%C4%97dainiai" title="Kėdainiai">Kėdainiai</a> after Alvydas Kanapinskas, and a street in Pelėdnagiai (near Kėdainiai) after Vytautas Koncevičius. </p><p>From the interview of Mikhail Golovatov, ex-commander of "Alpha-group": "The weapons and ammunition that were given to us, were handed over at the end of the operation, so it can be established that not a single shot was fired from our side. But at the time of the assault, our young officer Victor Shatskikh was mortally wounded in the back. As we have already seized the TV tower and went outside, we came under fire from the windows of the neighbouring houses, and leaving from there we had to hide behind the armoured vehicles."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criminal_prosecution">Criminal prosecution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_Events&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Criminal prosecution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seimas_barricades_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Seimas_barricades_2.jpg/220px-Seimas_barricades_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Seimas_barricades_2.jpg/330px-Seimas_barricades_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Seimas_barricades_2.jpg/440px-Seimas_barricades_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Remaining Seimas barricades nowadays</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1996, two members of the Central Committee of Communist Party of the Lithuanian SSR, <a href="/wiki/Mykolas_Burokevi%C4%8Dius" title="Mykolas Burokevičius">Mykolas Burokevičius</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juozas_Jermalavi%C4%8Dius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juozas Jermalavičius (page does not exist)">Juozas Jermalavičius</a>, were given prison sentences for their involvement in the January Events. In 1999 the Vilnius District Court sentenced six former Soviet military men who participated in the events. On 11 May 2011, a soldier of the Soviet OMON Konstantin Mikhailov was sentenced to life in prison for killing customs workers and policemen in 1991 at the "Medininkai" border checkpoint with the <a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Byelorussian SSR">Byelorussian SSR</a> near the village of <a href="/wiki/Medininkai" title="Medininkai">Medininkai</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Soviet_OMON_assaults_on_Lithuanian_border_posts" title="Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts">Soviet aggression against Lithuania in 1990</a>). </p><p>Since 1992, representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Parquet_(legal)" title="Parquet (legal)">Prosecutor General</a>'s Office of Lithuania requested Belarus to extradite <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Uskhopchik" title="Vladimir Uskhopchik">Vladimir Uskhopchik</a>, a former general who was in command of the Vilnius garrison in January 1991 and the editor of the newspaper <i>Soviet Lithuania</i> Stanislava Juonienė.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lithuania's request has been repeatedly denied. </p><p>In July 2011, diplomatic tensions rose between Austria and Lithuania when <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Golovatov" title="Mikhail Golovatov">Mikhail Golovatov</a>, an ex-KGB general who took part in the 13 January 1991 massacre, was released after being detained at the Vienna Airport. He then proceeded to fly to Russia. In response, Lithuania recalled its ambassador from Austria.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hearings in Vilnius District Court started on 27 January 2016, with 67 individuals facing charges of <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a>, battery, murder, endangering other's well-being, as well as unlawful military actions against civilians. The case consists of 801 volumes of documents, including 16 volumes of the <a href="/wiki/Indictment" title="Indictment">indictment</a> itself.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The defendants included former Soviet Defense Minister Dmitry Yazov, former commander of Soviet Alpha anti-terror group Mikhail Golovatov and Vladimir Uskhopchik. </p><p>Robertas Povilaitis, a surviving son of one of the victims, requested that law enforcement authorities conduct an investigation into Gorbachev's role in the events. On 17 October 2016, Vilnius Regional Court decided to summon Gorbachev to testify as a witness.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a> refused to question Gorbachev. As no pre-trial investigation has been initiated against Gorbachev in the January 13 case, the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Lithuania" title="Constitutional Court of Lithuania">Constitutional Court of Lithuania</a> Dainius Žalimas argued that it is hard to believe that the events happened without the knowledge of the President of the USSR.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The role of Mikhail Gorbachev in the January events remains disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-dw-jan13-2016_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw-jan13-2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018 Russia's law enforcement began criminal proceedings against the Lithuanian prosecutors and judges who were investigating the case.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such Russian action was condemned by the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> as "unacceptable external influence" and "politically motivated."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eu-parliament-resolution_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-parliament-resolution-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 March 2019, Vilnius District Court found all 67 defendants guilty of <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a> or crimes against humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-court-ruling_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-court-ruling-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rferl-jan13-case_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rferl-jan13-case-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vast majority of them were tried and sentenced <i><a href="/wiki/Trial_in_absentia" title="Trial in absentia">in absentia</a></i>. Among the high-profile defendants, former Soviet Defense Minister Dmitry Yazov was sentenced to 10 years in prison, Mikhail Golovatov to 12 years in prison and Vladimir Uskhopchik to 14 years in prison. Others were sentenced to prison terms between 4 and 12 years.<sup id="cite_ref-rferl-jan13-case_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rferl-jan13-case-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 March 2021, the Lithuanian Court of Appeal announced its judgement, which only increased the time of imprisonment for the sentenced and awarded non-pecuniary damage of 10.876 million <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> to the victims.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A judge, who announced the judgement, said that: "As they drove with the tanks over the people, they understood perfectly well what they were doing."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thereafter, Russia threatened to take retaliatory actions for the judgement.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Commissioners_for_Justice_and_Equality" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Commissioners for Justice and Equality">European Commissioner for Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Didier_Reynders" title="Didier Reynders">Didier Reynders</a> had promised that the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> will defend Lithuanian judges who heard the January 13 case from persecution by Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minister for Foreign Affairs of Lithuania <a href="/wiki/Gabrielius_Landsbergis" title="Gabrielius Landsbergis">Gabrielius Landsbergis</a> said that Lithuania will appeal to <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a> to reject Russia's appeal against the persecution of Lithuanian judges who heard the January 13 case.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Russia and Belarus refused to extradite those who are responsible for the January Events.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-court-ruling_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-court-ruling-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of March 2021 many of the 66 defendants remain out of reach of Lithuanian justice.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_Events&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union"><span style="color:white;">Republics</span></a> of the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR"><span style="color:white;">USSR</span></a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">Byelorussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic">Kirghizia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic">Turkmenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#db3030; color:white; padding:.1em 0 0 .4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Allied and satellite states</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Democratic Republic of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">Albania</a> (until 1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Angola" title="People's Republic of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Benin" title="People's Republic of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (until 1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="People's Republic of the Congo">Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Czechoslovak Socialist Republic">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia" title="People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Revolutionary_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Revolutionary Government">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_People%27s_Republic" title="Hungarian People's Republic">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea" title="People's Republic of Kampuchea">Kampuchea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Mozambique" title="People's Republic of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a> (until 1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Democratic_Republic" title="Somali Democratic Republic">Somalia</a> (until 1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen" title="South Yemen">South Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Republic_of_South_Vietnam" title="Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam">PRG</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> (until 1948)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#db3030; color:white; padding:.1em 0 0 .4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Related organizations</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cominform" title="Cominform">Cominform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="World Federation of Trade Unions">World Federation of Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Democratic_Youth" title="World Federation of Democratic Youth">World Federation of Democratic Youth</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#db3030; color:white; padding:.1em 0 0 .4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF"><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_insurgencies_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe"><span style="color:white;">Opposition</span></a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Anti-Soviet_partisans" title="Anti-Soviet partisans">Anti-Soviet partisans</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Valuable" title="Operation Valuable">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goryani" title="Goryani">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusaders_(guerrilla)" title="Crusaders (guerrilla)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)" title="Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Soviet_resistance_by_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Anti-Soviet resistance by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukraine</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Soviet occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_partisans" title="Estonian partisans">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_partisans" title="Latvian partisans">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_partisans" title="Lithuanian partisans">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jungle" title="Operation Jungle">Operation Jungle</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> Protests and uprisings</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931989)" title="Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1989)">Poland 1944–1989</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Pozna%C5%84_protests" title="1956 Poznań protests">Poznań 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">1980–89</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Plze%C5%88_uprising" title="1953 Plzeň uprising">Plzeň 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East Germany 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Georgian_demonstrations" title="1956 Georgian demonstrations">Georgia 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungary 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novocherkassk_massacre" title="Novocherkassk massacre">Novocherkassk 1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague 1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Red_Square_demonstration" title="1968 Red Square demonstration">Moscow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_77" title="Charter 77">Czechoslovakia 1976–1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiu_Valley_miners%27_strike_of_1977" title="Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977">Romania 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeltoqsan" title="Jeltoqsan">Kazakhstan 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov_rebellion" title="Brașov rebellion">Brașov 1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9_tragedy" title="April 9 tragedy">Tbilisi 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989%E2%80%931991_Ukrainian_revolution" title="1989–1991 Ukrainian revolution">Ukraine 1989–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_January" title="Black January">Baku 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Events_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="January Events (Lithuania)">Lithuania 1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barricades" title="The Barricades">Riga 1991</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_Eastern_Bloc" title="Emigration from the Eastern Bloc">Dissent</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_dissidents" title="Soviet dissidents">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_movement_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_Poland" title="Dissident movement in the People's Republic of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escape_attempts_and_victims_of_the_inner_German_border" title="Escape attempts and victims of the inner German border">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee_wave_from_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_to_British_Hong_Kong" title="Refugee wave from the People's Republic of China to British Hong Kong">to Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_defectors" title="North Korean defectors">North Korea</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#db3030; color:white; padding:.1em 0 0 .4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Cold War events</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">Czechoslovak coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences" title="On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences">Secret Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Soviet_split" title="Albanian–Soviet split">Albanian–Soviet split</a></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/De-satellization_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania">De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_intervention_in_Angola" title="Cuban intervention in Angola">Cuban intervention in Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet invasion of Afghanistan">Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Moscow Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Los Angeles Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#db3030; color:white; padding:.1em 0 0 .4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Fall</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Polish Round Table Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Events_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="January Events (Lithuania)">January Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barricades" title="The Barricades">Barricades in Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">End of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Soviet conflicts">Post-Soviet conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Fall of communism in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Bloc_sidebar" title="Template:Eastern Bloc sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastern_Bloc_sidebar" title="Template talk:Eastern Bloc sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Bloc_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Bloc sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>January 13th is the Day of the Defenders of Freedom (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>: <i lang="lt">Laisvės Gynėjų Diena</i>) in Lithuania. It is not a public holiday, but it is officially observed as a commemorative day.<sup id="cite_ref-law-on-commemorative-days_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-law-on-commemorative-days-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a vividly remembered day in the Lithuanian <a href="/wiki/National_memory" title="National memory">national memory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The day has been associated with mourning<sup id="cite_ref-mourning-victory-discussion_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mourning-victory-discussion-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the national flags are usually raised<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a <a href="/wiki/Black_ribbon" title="Black ribbon">black ribbon</a> attached. In recent years, <a href="/wiki/Myosotis" title="Myosotis">forget-me-not</a> flower pins have become a symbol of commemoration of the events.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recently there have been public debates whether January 13th (and the events in general) should be viewed as the day of mourning or should rather be celebrated as the day of victory.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former Lithuanian leaders Landsbergis and <a href="/wiki/Dalia_Grybauskait%C4%97" title="Dalia Grybauskaitė">Dalia Grybauskaitė</a> expressed the view that 13th January is not only the day of mourning and commemorating those who sacrificed their lives, but also the day of national victory.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other prominent public figures described January 13th as a <a href="/wiki/Victory_Day" title="Victory Day">Victory Day</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Arvydas_Pocius" title="Arvydas Pocius">Arvydas Pocius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valdemaras_Rup%C5%A1ys" title="Valdemaras Rupšys">Valdemaras Rupšys</a>, both of whom were volunteers defending the Parliament during the events, as well as <a href="/wiki/Rimvydas_Valatka" title="Rimvydas Valatka">Rimvydas Valatka</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-dw-jan13-2016_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw-jan13-2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marius_Laurinavi%C4%8Dius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marius Laurinavičius (page does not exist)">Marius Laurinavičius</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marius_Laurinavi%C4%8Dius" class="extiw" title="lt:Marius Laurinavičius">lt</a>]</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-rferl-jan-13_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rferl-jan-13-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Ali%C5%A1auskas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vytautas Ališauskas (page does not exist)">Vytautas Ališauskas</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Ali%C5%A1auskas" class="extiw" title="lt:Vytautas Ališauskas">lt</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-mourning-victory-discussion_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mourning-victory-discussion-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lithuania has since accused Russia of trying to spread disinformation about the January Events.<sup id="cite_ref-rferl-jan-13_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rferl-jan-13-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The European Parliament has condemned Russia and urged to "cease the irresponsible disinformation and propaganda statements" regarding the 13 January case.<sup id="cite_ref-eu-parliament-resolution_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-parliament-resolution-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/East_StratCom_Task_Force" title="East StratCom Task Force">EUvsDisinfo</a> has documented several examples of disinformation in the pro-Kremlin media.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_Events&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antakalnis_Cemetery" title="Antakalnis Cemetery">Antakalnis Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Way" title="Baltic Way">Baltic Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_January" title="Black January">Black January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barricades" title="The Barricades">The Barricades</a> (Latvia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Autumn of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Sąjūdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9_tragedy" title="April 9 tragedy">April 9 tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_OMON_assaults_on_Lithuanian_border_posts" title="Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts">Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_TV_Tower" title="Vilnius TV Tower">Vilnius TV Tower</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_Events&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-20years-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-20years_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-20years_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istpravda.com.ua/short/2011/01/13/14293/">Lithuanians celebrate 20th Anniversary assault of the Vilnius television tower by the Soviet Troops</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a>. 13 January 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dw-jan13-2016-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dw-jan13-2016_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dw-jan13-2016_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dw-jan13-2016_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/the-january-bloodbath-in-lithuania-25-years-on/a-18976152">"The January bloodbath in Lithuania 25 years on"</a>. Deutsche Welle. 13 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+January+bloodbath+in+Lithuania+25+years+on&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2016-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fthe-january-bloodbath-in-lithuania-25-years-on%2Fa-18976152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rferl-jan-13-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rferl-jan-13_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rferl-jan-13_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rferl-jan-13_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTony_Wesolowsky2021" class="citation web cs1">Tony Wesolowsky (12 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/lithuania-soviet-crackdown-1991-kremlin-rewriting-history/31043914.html">"Thirty Years After Soviet Crackdown In Lithuania, Kremlin Accused Of Rewriting History"</a>. Radio Free Europe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thirty+Years+After+Soviet+Crackdown+In+Lithuania%2C+Kremlin+Accused+Of+Rewriting+History&rft.pub=Radio+Free+Europe&rft.date=2021-01-12&rft.au=Tony+Wesolowsky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Flithuania-soviet-crackdown-1991-kremlin-rewriting-history%2F31043914.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-onthisday-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc-onthisday_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/13/newsid_4059000/4059959.stm">"On This Day 13 January, 1991: Bloodshed at Lithuanian TV station"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 13 January 1991<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=On+This+Day+13+January%2C+1991%3A+Bloodshed+at+Lithuanian+TV+station&rft.date=1991-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjanuary%2F13%2Fnewsid_4059000%2F4059959.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-law-on-commemorative-days-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-law-on-commemorative-days_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-law-on-commemorative-days_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/TAIS.41597/asr">"Lietuvos Respublikos atmintinų dienų įstatymas"</a>. Office of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. 7 July 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lietuvos+Respublikos+atmintin%C5%B3+dien%C5%B3+%C4%AFstatymas&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Seimas+of+the+Republic+of+Lithuania&rft.date=1997-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe-seimas.lrs.lt%2Fportal%2FlegalAct%2Flt%2FTAD%2FTAIS.41597%2Fasr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrw-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hrw_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrw_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrw_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrw_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelsinki_Watch_(Organization_:_U.S.)1991" class="citation book cs1">Helsinki Watch (Organization : U.S.) (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ezpfphwTNPYC&q=lithuanian+january+1991&pg=PA36"><i>Glasnost in jeopardy: human rights in the USSR</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. pp. 36, 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929692-89-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929692-89-0"><bdi>978-0-929692-89-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glasnost+in+jeopardy%3A+human+rights+in+the+USSR&rft.pages=36%2C+37&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-929692-89-0&rft.au=Helsinki+Watch+%28Organization+%3A+U.S.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DezpfphwTNPYC%26q%3Dlithuanian%2Bjanuary%2B1991%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lbf-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lbf_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lbf_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Polishchuk, M. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2011/01/18/15844/">Lithuanian, be free</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeller1991" class="citation news cs1">Keller, Bill (14 January 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/14/world/soviet-crackdown-soviet-loyalists-charge-after-attack-lithuania-13-dead-curfew.html?pagewanted=all">"SOVIET CRACKDOWN; SOVIET LOYALISTS IN CHARGE AFTER ATTACK IN LITHUANIA; 13 DEAD; CURFEW IS IMPOSED"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2009</span>. <q>The military takeover was preceded by five days of protests and strikes involving primarily Soviet and Polish workers at Vilnius manufacturing plants, angered by what they consider ethnic discrimination and by the Lithuanian government's move to increase prices on consumer goods.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=SOVIET+CRACKDOWN%3B+SOVIET+LOYALISTS+IN+CHARGE+AFTER+ATTACK+IN+LITHUANIA%3B+13+DEAD%3B+CURFEW+IS+IMPOSED&rft.date=1991-01-14&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F01%2F14%2Fworld%2Fsoviet-crackdown-soviet-loyalists-charge-after-attack-lithuania-13-dead-curfew.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vle-jan13-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vle-jan13_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vle-jan13_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlgis_Kasperavičius" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Algis Kasperavičius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/sausio-tryliktoji/">"Sausio tryliktoji"</a> (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/Universal_Lithuanian_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia">Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sausio+tryliktoji&rft.pub=Universal+Lithuanian+Encyclopedia&rft.au=Algis+Kasperavi%C4%8Dius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fsausio-tryliktoji%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lrsk-timeline-jan10-11-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lrsk-timeline-jan10-11_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrs.lt/sip/portal.show?p_r=37332">"1991 m. sausio įvykiai Lietuvoje ir pasaulio reakcija > 1991 m. sausio 10–11 d."</a> (in Lithuanian). Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo kanceliarija.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1991+m.+sausio+%C4%AFvykiai+Lietuvoje+ir+pasaulio+reakcija+%3E+1991+m.+sausio+10%E2%80%9311+d.&rft.pub=Lietuvos+Respublikos+Seimo+kanceliarija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrs.lt%2Fsip%2Fportal.show%3Fp_r%3D37332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lrsk-timeline-jan12-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lrsk-timeline-jan12_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lrsk-timeline-jan12_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrs.lt/sip/portal.show?p_r=37333">"1991 m. sausio įvykiai Lietuvoje ir pasaulio reakcija > 1991 m. sausio 12 d."</a> (in Lithuanian). Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo kanceliarija.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1991+m.+sausio+%C4%AFvykiai+Lietuvoje+ir+pasaulio+reakcija+%3E+1991+m.+sausio+12+d.&rft.pub=Lietuvos+Respublikos+Seimo+kanceliarija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrs.lt%2Fsip%2Fportal.show%3Fp_r%3D37333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lrsk-timeline-jan13-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lrsk-timeline-jan13_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrs.lt/sip/portal.show?p_r=37336">"1991 m. sausio įvykiai Lietuvoje ir pasaulio reakcija > 1991 m. sausio 13 d."</a> (in Lithuanian). Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo kanceliarija.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1991+m.+sausio+%C4%AFvykiai+Lietuvoje+ir+pasaulio+reakcija+%3E+1991+m.+sausio+13+d.&rft.pub=Lietuvos+Respublikos+Seimo+kanceliarija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrs.lt%2Fsip%2Fportal.show%3Fp_r%3D37336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212641/http://articles.philly.com/1992-08-09/sports/25989337_1_vladas-garastas-lithuanians-vytautas-landsbergis">Victory On The Court, Triumph In The Eyes Finishing Third In Men's Basketball Is Worth More Than A Bronze Medal To Lithuania.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jan-13-victims-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jan-13-victims_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jan-13-victims_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrs.lt/sip/portal.show?p_r=37312&p_k=1">"Lietuvos Laisvės gynėjai, žuvę 1991 m. sausį ir jų pagerbimo tradicijos"</a> (in Lithuanian). 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B1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaplan, Fred (14 January 1991). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/439486095/">Bush Sees Crackdown Affecting Ties</a>". <i>The Boston Globe</i> (Boston, Massachusetts, USA). p. 1, 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftworth-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftworth_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftworth_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/642291161/">Gorbachev Blames Attack on Lithuanian Legislature</a>". <i>Fort Worth Star-Telegram</i> (Fort Worth, Texas, USA). January 15, 1991. p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/635627044/">Gorbachev: Didn't Order Vilinius Attack</a>". <i>The Miami Herald</i> (Miami, Florida, USA). p. 1A, 4A.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Kremlin 'Did Not Order Troops to Use Force". <i>Seattle Post–Intelligencer</i> (Seattle, Washington, USA). January 14, 1991. p. A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809023519/https://vpk-news.ru/articles/812"><bdi lang="ru">'Альфе' – 30 лет</bdi></a>. <i>Military-industrial Courier</i> (in Russian). <b>28</b> (45). 28 July 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1729-3928">1729-3928</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vpk-news.ru/articles/812">the original</a> on 9 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military-industrial+Courier&rft.atitle=%27%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B5%27+%E2%80%93+30+%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=45&rft.date=2004-07-28&rft.issn=1729-3928&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvpk-news.ru%2Farticles%2F812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://charter97.org/en/news/2010/1/5/25152/">Belarusian prosecutors: Uskhopchik can't be extradited, he defended the Soviet Union</a>. Charter'97 :: News from Belarus. 5 January 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=lithuania-recalls-ambassador-from-austria-amid-legal-dispute-2011-07-18">Lithuania recalls ambassador from Austria amid legal dispute</a>. <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet_Daily_News" title="Hürriyet Daily News">Hürriyet Daily News</a>. 18 July 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/lietuvoje/2/1132780/sausio-13-osios-byla-svarbiausi-2019-uju-faktai">"Sausio 13-osios byla: svarbiausi 2019-ųjų faktai"</a>. LRT. 13 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sausio+13-osios+byla%3A+svarbiausi+2019-%C5%B3j%C5%B3+faktai&rft.pub=LRT&rft.date=2020-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fnaujienos%2Flietuvoje%2F2%2F1132780%2Fsausio-13-osios-byla-svarbiausi-2019-uju-faktai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/a/lithuania-gorbachev-summoned-1991-crackdown-vilnius/28058828.html">"Lithuanian Court To Summon Gorbachev To Trial Over 1991 Soviet Crackdown"</a>. <i>Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</i>. 17 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lrt.lt&rft.atitle=%C5%BDalimas+apie+neatsakytus+klausimus+Sausio+13-osios+byloje%3A+sunku+patik%C4%97ti%2C+kad+visa+tai+vyko+be+SSRS+prezidento+%C5%BEinios&rft.date=2021-03-31&rft.aulast=Musnickas&rft.aufirst=Raigardas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fnaujienos%2Flietuvoje%2F2%2F1377731%2Fzalimas-apie-neatsakytus-klausimus-sausio-13-osios-byloje-sunku-patiketi-kad-visa-tai-vyko-be-ssrs-prezidento-zinios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/rusijos-tyrimu-komitetas-iskele-baudziamaja-byla-lietuvos-prokurorams-ir-teisejams.d?id=78640705">"Rusijos tyrimų komitetas iškėlė baudžiamąją bylą Lietuvos prokurorams ir teisėjams"</a>. <i>DELFI.lt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lrt.lt&rft.atitle=Flower+of+discord%3A+Lithuanian+politicians+clash+over+forget-me-not+symbol&rft.date=2020-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fen%2Fnews-in-english%2F19%2F1139258%2Fflower-of-discord-lithuanian-politicians-clash-over-forget-me-not-symbol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/lietuva/istorine-provokacija-sausio-13-oji-gedulo-ar-pergales-diena-56-739716">"Istorinė provokacija. Sausio 13-oji: gedulo ar pergalės diena?"</a>. 15min.lt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Istorin%C4%97+provokacija.+Sausio+13-oji%3A+gedulo+ar+pergal%C4%97s+diena%3F&rft.pub=15min.lt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.15min.lt%2Fnaujiena%2Faktualu%2Flietuva%2Fistorine-provokacija-sausio-13-oji-gedulo-ar-pergales-diena-56-739716&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kauno.diena.lt/naujienos/lietuva/salies-pulsas/v-landsbergis-apie-sausio-13-aja-tai-buvo-tikras-karas-kuris-yra-dar-ne-visai-baigtas-1006481">"V. Landsbergis apie Sausio 13-ąją: tai buvo tikras karas, kuris yra dar ne visai baigtas"</a>. 13 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=V.+Landsbergis+apie+Sausio+13-%C4%85j%C4%85%3A+tai+buvo+tikras+karas%2C+kuris+yra+dar+ne+visai+baigtas&rft.date=2021-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkauno.diena.lt%2Fnaujienos%2Flietuva%2Fsalies-pulsas%2Fv-landsbergis-apie-sausio-13-aja-tai-buvo-tikras-karas-kuris-yra-dar-ne-visai-baigtas-1006481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220522131333/https://grybauskaite.lrp.lt/lt/sausio-13-osios-isvakarese-prezidentes-susitikimas-su-laisves-gyneju-artimaisiais/31672">"Sausio 13-osios išvakarėse – Prezidentės susitikimas su Laisvės gynėjų artimaisiais"</a> (in Lithuanian). 11 January 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grybauskaite.lrp.lt/lt/sausio-13-osios-isvakarese-prezidentes-susitikimas-su-laisves-gyneju-artimaisiais/31672">the original</a> on 22 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sausio+13-osios+i%C5%A1vakar%C4%97se+%E2%80%93+Prezident%C4%97s+susitikimas+su+Laisv%C4%97s+gyn%C4%97j%C5%B3+artimaisiais&rft.date=2019-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgrybauskaite.lrp.lt%2Flt%2Fsausio-13-osios-isvakarese-prezidentes-susitikimas-su-laisves-gyneju-artimaisiais%2F31672&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucasPomeranzev2016" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lucas_(journalist)" title="Edward Lucas (journalist)">Lucas, Edward</a>; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pomerantsev" title="Peter Pomerantsev">Pomeranzev, Peter</a> (August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121002044/https://cepa.org/cepa_files/2016-CEPA-report-Winning_the_Information_War.pdf">"Winning the Information WarTechniques and Counter-strategies to Russian Propaganda in Central and Eastern Europe"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Center for European Policy Analysis and <a href="/wiki/Legatum_Institute" title="Legatum Institute">Legatum Institute</a>. p. 30. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cepa.org/cepa_files/2016-CEPA-report-Winning_the_Information_War.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winning+the+Information+WarTechniques+and+Counter-strategies+to+Russian+Propaganda+in+Central+and+Eastern+Europe&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Center+for+European+Policy+Analysis+and+Legatum+Institute&rft.date=2016-08&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Pomeranzev%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcepa.org%2Fcepa_files%2F2016-CEPA-report-Winning_the_Information_War.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210203112128/https://euvsdisinfo.eu/report/lithuanian-judges-broke-the-law-in-the-case-of-january-13th/">"Disinfo: Lithuanian judges broke the law in the case of January 13th"</a>. <i>EUvsDisinfo</i>. 14 December 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euvsdisinfo.eu/report/lithuanian-judges-broke-the-law-in-the-case-of-january-13th/">the original</a> on 3 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EUvsDisinfo&rft.atitle=Disinfo%3A+Lithuanian+judges+broke+the+law+in+the+case+of+January+13th&rft.date=2020-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuvsdisinfo.eu%2Freport%2Flithuanian-judges-broke-the-law-in-the-case-of-january-13th%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_Events&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:January_Events_(Lithuania)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:January Events (Lithuania)">January Events (Lithuania)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Lithuanian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laisve15.lt/">www.laisve15.lt</a> – portal dedicated to 15th anniversary of massacre.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter/dba_intra.w5_show?p_r=4073&p_k=2&p_b=4030">www.lrs.lt</a> – collection of photo, video and other testimonies.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/13/newsid_4059000/4059959.stm">"On This Day 13 January, 1991: Bloodshed at Lithuanian TV station"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 13 January 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=On+This+Day+13+January%2C+1991%3A+Bloodshed+at+Lithuanian+TV+station&rft.date=1991-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjanuary%2F13%2Fnewsid_4059000%2F4059959.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanuary+Events" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter/w5_show?p_d=49557&p_r=4110&p_k=2">Loreta Asanavičiūtė's Story</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istpravda.com.ua/short/2012/01/11/68431/">Russia refused to question the former president of Soviet Union</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span> Polishchuk, M. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2011/01/18/15844/">Lithuania, be free!</a> Recollections of a student defense squad participant in the 1991 Winter Vilnius events</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a>. 18 January 2011</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Revolutions_of_1989" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fall_of_Communism" title="Template:Fall of Communism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fall_of_Communism" title="Template talk:Fall of Communism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fall_of_Communism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fall of Communism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Revolutions_of_1989" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Internal<br />background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Stagnation" title="Era of Stagnation">Era of Stagnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_communist_party_rule" title="Criticism of communist party rule">Criticism of communist party rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_politics" title="Eastern Bloc politics">Eastern Bloc politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_media_and_propaganda" title="Eastern Bloc media and propaganda">Eastern Bloc media and propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_Eastern_Bloc" title="Emigration from the Eastern Bloc">Emigration from the Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomenklatura" title="Nomenklatura">Nomenklatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortage_economy" title="Shortage economy">Shortage economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_insurgencies_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe">Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">International<br />background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_socialist_states" title="List of socialist states">List of socialist states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predictions_of_the_collapse_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union">Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Empire">Soviet Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_and_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism and the Soviet Union">Terrorism and the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Vatican Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uskorenie" title="Uskorenie">Uskorenie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demokratizatsiya_(Soviet_Union)" title="Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)">Demokratizatsiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khozraschyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Khozraschyot">Khozraschyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/500_Days_Program" title="500 Days Program">500 Days Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_political_thinking" title="New political thinking">New political thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_Doctrine" title="Sinatra Doctrine">Sinatra Doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">Chinese economic reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%95i_M%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Đổi Mới">Đổi Mới</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Government<br />leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramiz_Alia" title="Ramiz Alia">Ramiz Alia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Gr%C3%B3sz" title="Károly Grósz">Károly Grósz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Honecker" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Jake%C5%A1" title="Miloš Jakeš">Miloš Jakeš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Krenz" title="Egon Krenz">Egon Krenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Jaruzelski" title="Wojciech Jaruzelski">Wojciech Jaruzelski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathieu_K%C3%A9r%C3%A9kou" title="Mathieu Kérékou">Mathieu Kérékou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu Haile Mariam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ne_Win" title="Ne Win">Ne Win</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou Nguesso">Denis Sassou Nguesso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heng_Samrin" title="Heng Samrin">Heng Samrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todor_Zhivkov" title="Todor Zhivkov">Todor Zhivkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siad_Barre" title="Siad Barre">Siad Barre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Opposition<br />methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_resistance" title="Civil resistance">Civil resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_chain_(politics)" title="Human chain (politics)">Human chains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnitizdat" title="Magnitizdat">Magnitizdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_underground_press" title="Polish underground press">Polish underground press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_demonstration" title="Political demonstration">Political demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samizdat" title="Samizdat">Samizdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Opposition<br />leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Alexander Dubček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Iliescu" title="Ion Iliescu">Ion Iliescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Gang" title="Liu Gang">Liu Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27erkaixi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu'erkaixi">Wu'erkaixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chai_Ling" title="Chai Ling">Chai Ling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Dan_(dissident)" title="Wang Dan (dissident)">Wang Dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Congde" title="Feng Congde">Feng Congde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_Man" title="Tank Man">Tank Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Gauck" title="Joachim Gauck">Joachim Gauck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sali_Berisha" title="Sali Berisha">Sali Berisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjaas%C3%BCrengiin_Zorig" title="Sanjaasürengiin Zorig">Sanjaasürengiin Zorig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bukovsky" title="Vladimir Bukovsky">Vladimir Bukovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viacheslav_Chornovil" title="Viacheslav Chornovil">Viacheslav Chornovil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis">Vytautas Landsbergis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zianon_Pazniak" title="Zianon Pazniak">Zianon Pazniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhelyu_Zhelev" title="Zhelyu Zhelev">Zhelyu Zhelev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meles_Zenawi" title="Meles Zenawi">Meles Zenawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki" title="Isaias Afwerki">Isaias Afwerki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Opposition<br />movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Students%27_Autonomous_Federation" title="Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation">Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_77" title="Charter 77">Charter 77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Forum" title="New Forum">New Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Forum" title="Civic Forum">Civic Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Albania" title="Democratic Party of Albania">Democratic Party of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Russia" title="Democratic Russia">Democratic Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_Peace_and_Human_Rights" title="Initiative for Peace and Human Rights">Initiative for Peace and Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Sąjūdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_of_Ukraine" title="People's Movement of Ukraine">People's Movement of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_of_Latvia" title="Popular Front of Latvia">Popular Front of Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_of_Estonia" title="Popular Front of Estonia">Popular Front of Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Against_Violence" title="Public Against Violence">Public Against Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Popular_Front" title="Belarusian Popular Front">Belarusian Popular Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastokhez" title="Rastokhez">Rastokhez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_for_Democracy" title="National League for Democracy">National League for Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Romania)" title="National Salvation Front (Romania)">National Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Forces_(Bulgaria)" title="Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)">Union of Democratic Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-regional_Deputies_Group" title="Inter-regional Deputies Group">Inter-regional Deputies Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Free_Democrats" title="Alliance of Free Democrats">Alliance of Free Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Democratic_Forum" title="Hungarian Democratic Forum">Hungarian Democratic Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Events<br />by location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Central and<br />Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria#End_of_the_People's_Republic" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_communism_in_Hungary" title="End of communism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1945%E2%80%931989)#Final_decade_of_the_Polish_People's_Republic_(1980–1989)" title="History of Poland (1945–1989)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Soviet Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Armenian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Armenian independence referendum">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Azerbaijani_independence_referendum" title="1991 Azerbaijani independence referendum">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Belarusian_strikes" title="1991 Belarusian strikes">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Revolution" title="Chechen Revolution">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Georgian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Georgian independence referendum">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kazakhstan" title="History of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kyrgyzstan#Towards_independence:_1985-1991" title="History of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Moldova" title="Independence of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="History of the Russian Federation">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Revolution" title="Tajikistani Revolution">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Turkmen_independence_referendum" title="1991 Turkmen independence referendum">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989%E2%80%931991_Ukrainian_revolution" title="1989–1991 Ukrainian revolution">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Uzbek_independence_election" title="1991 Uzbek independence election">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicesse_Accords" title="Bicesse Accords">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Benin#Dissolution" title="People's Republic of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Paris_Peace_Agreements" title="1991 Paris Peace Agreements">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_the_Congo#Transition" title="People's Republic of the Congo">Congo-Brazzaville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Derg_regime" title="Fall of the Derg regime">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1990">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War#Transition_to_peace" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">South Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Individual<br />events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeltoqsan" title="Jeltoqsan">Jeltoqsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_Tibetan_unrest" title="1987–1989 Tibetan unrest">1987–1989 Tibetan unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Polish_strikes" title="1988 Polish strikes">1988 Polish strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Polish Round Table Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9_tragedy" title="April 9 tragedy">April 9 tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_Hungary%27s_border_fence_with_Austria" title="Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria">Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Round_Table_Talks" title="Hungarian Round Table Talks">Hungarian Round Table Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_Picnic" title="Pan-European Picnic">Pan-European Picnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Way" title="Baltic Way">Baltic Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monday_demonstrations_in_East_Germany" title="Monday demonstrations in East Germany">Monday Demonstrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexanderplatz_demonstration" title="Alexanderplatz demonstration">Alexanderplatz demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_inner_German_border" title="Fall of the inner German border">Fall of the inner German border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Summit" title="Malta Summit">Malta Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_January" title="Black January">Black January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah" title="1990s post-Soviet aliyah">1990s post-Soviet aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Summit_(1990)" title="Helsinki Summit (1990)">Helsinki Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_on_Granite" title="Revolution on Granite">Revolution on Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">Reunification of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Events_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="January Events (Lithuania)">January Events in Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barricades" title="The Barricades">January Events in Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_protests_in_Belgrade" title="1991 protests in Belgrade">1991 protests in Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Belarusian_strikes" title="1991 Belarusian strikes">1991 Belarusian strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact#End_of_the_Cold_War" title="Warsaw Pact">Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">August Coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Civil_War" title="Tajikistani Civil War">Tajikistani Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Later events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colour_revolution" title="Colour revolution">Colour revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decommunization" title="Decommunization">Decommunization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustration" title="Lustration">Lustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalization" title="Economic liberalization">Economic liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Soviet conflicts">Post-Soviet conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Sovietism" title="Neo-Sovietism">Neo-Sovietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Stalinism" title="Neo-Stalinism">Neo-Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-communism" title="Post-communism">Post-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_tide" title="Pink tide">Pink tide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Human rights in the Soviet Union">Human rights in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Restoration_of_the_independence_of_the_Baltic_states" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Restoration_of_Baltic_independence" title="Template:Restoration of Baltic independence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Restoration_of_Baltic_independence" title="Template talk:Restoration of Baltic independence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Restoration_of_Baltic_independence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Restoration of Baltic independence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Restoration_of_the_independence_of_the_Baltic_states" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Restoration of the independence of the Baltic states</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Armed struggle</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a> (1944–56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Lithuanian_Freedom_Fighters" title="Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters">Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation Priboi</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jungle" title="Operation Jungle">Operation Jungle</a> (1949–55)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Freedom fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_Sabbe" title="August Sabbe">August Sabbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_P%C4%ABnups" title="Jānis Pīnups">Jānis Pīnups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranas_Kon%C4%8Dius" title="Pranas Končius">Pranas Končius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juozas_Luk%C5%A1a" title="Juozas Lukša">Juozas Lukša</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfas_Ramanauskas" title="Adolfas Ramanauskas">Adolfas Ramanauskas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Soviet dissident era</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Helsinki_Group" title="Lithuanian Helsinki Group">Lithuanian Helsinki Group</a> (1977–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Liberty_League" title="Lithuanian Liberty League">Lithuanian Liberty League</a> (1978–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Appeal" title="Baltic Appeal">Baltic Appeal</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_40_Intellectuals" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter of 40 Intellectuals">Letter of 40 Intellectuals</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorite_War" title="Phosphorite War">Phosphorite War</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRP-AEG" title="MRP-AEG">MRP-AEG</a> (1987–88)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dissidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun%C4%81rs_Astra" title="Gunārs Astra">Gunārs Astra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romas_Kalanta" title="Romas Kalanta">Romas Kalanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCri_Kukk" title="Jüri Kukk">Jüri Kukk</a></li> <li>Tiit Madisson</li> <li>Mart Niklus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagle_Parek" title="Lagle Parek">Lagle Parek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enn_Tarto" title="Enn Tarto">Enn Tarto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Venclova" title="Tomas Venclova">Tomas Venclova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Political activism era</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Rahvusliku_S%C3%B5ltumatuse_Partei" class="mw-redirect" title="Eesti Rahvusliku Sõltumatuse Partei">ERSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahvarinne" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahvarinne">Popular Front of Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_of_Latvia" title="Popular Front of Latvia">Popular Front of Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Sąjūdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Citizens%27_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian Citizens' Committee">Estonian Citizens' Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Estonia" title="Congress of Estonia">Congress of Estonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunne_Kelam" title="Tunne Kelam">Tunne Kelam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis">Vytautas Landsbergis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri">Lennart Meri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirvepark_meeting" title="Hirvepark meeting">Hirvepark meeting</a> (1987)</li> <li>Night Song Festivals (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Way" title="Baltic Way">Baltic Way</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alo_Mattiisen" title="Alo Mattiisen">Alo Mattiisen</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Baltics_Are_Waking_Up" title="The Baltics Are Waking Up">The Baltics Are Waking Up</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key decisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Sovereignty_Declaration" title="Estonian Sovereignty Declaration">Sovereignty Declaration of the Estonian SSR</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Restoration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Latvia" title="On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia">On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia</a> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Final confrontations</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_economic_blockade_of_Lithuania" title="Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania">Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_OMON_assaults_on_Lithuanian_border_posts" title="Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts">Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Events_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="January Events (Lithuania)">January 1991 events in Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1991_events_in_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1991 events in Latvia">January 1991 events in Latvia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-independence crises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pullap%C3%A4%C3%A4_crisis" title="Pullapää crisis">Pullapää crisis</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_the_Volunteers" title="Coup of the Volunteers">Coup of the Volunteers</a> (1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eastern_Bloc" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Bloc" title="Template:Eastern Bloc"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastern_Bloc" title="Template talk:Eastern Bloc"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Bloc" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Bloc"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eastern_Bloc" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan#Rejection_by_Stalin" title="Marshall Plan">Soviet response to the Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soviet-allied states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">People's Republic of Albania <span style="font-size:85%;">(to 1961)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">People's Republic of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Czechoslovak Socialist Republic">Czechoslovak Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">German Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_People%27s_Republic" title="Hungarian People's Republic">Hungarian People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Polish People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Socialist Republic of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia <span style="font-size:85%;">(to 1948)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cominform" title="Cominform">Cominform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">COMECON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="World Federation of Trade Unions">World Federation of Trade Unions <span style="font-size:85%;">(WFTU)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Democratic_Youth" title="World Federation of Democratic Youth">World Federation of Democratic Youth <span style="font-size:85%;">(WFDY)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Revolts and<br />opposition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goryani" title="Goryani">Goryani Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_East_German_State_Railway_strike" title="1949 East German State Railway strike">1949 East German State Railway strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cazin_rebellion" title="Cazin rebellion">Rebellion of Cazin 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Plze%C5%88_uprising" title="1953 Plzeň uprising">1953 Plzeň uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">1953 East German uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Pozna%C5%84_protests" title="1956 Poznań protests">1956 Poznań protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">1956 Hungarian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a> / <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Polish_protests" title="1970 Polish protests">1970 Polish protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Spring" title="Croatian Spring">Croatian Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1976_protests" title="June 1976 protests">June 1976 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a> / <a href="/wiki/Soviet_reaction_to_the_Polish_crisis_of_1980%E2%80%931981" title="Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–1981">Soviet reaction</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_protests_in_Kosovo" title="1981 protests in Kosovo">1981 protests in Kosovo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_Eastern_Bloc" title="Emigration from the Eastern Bloc">Emigration and defection</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_and_Eastern_Bloc_defectors" title="List of Soviet and Eastern Bloc defectors">list of defectors</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovietization_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Sovietization of the Baltic states">Sovietization of the Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_media_and_propaganda" title="Eastern Bloc media and propaganda">Information dissemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_politics" title="Eastern Bloc politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_economies" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Bloc economies">Economies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping_in_the_Eastern_Bloc" title="Telephone tapping in the Eastern Bloc">Telephone tapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dissolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">Die Wende</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_communism_in_Hungary" title="End of communism in Hungary">End of communism in Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romanian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Fall of communism in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Collapse of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">January 1991 events in Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barricades" title="The Barricades">January 1991 events in Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post-Cold_War_European_conflicts" title="Template:Post-Cold War European conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post-Cold_War_European_conflicts" title="Template talk:Post-Cold War European conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold_War_European_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold War European conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post–<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Europe" title="List of conflicts in Europe">conflicts in Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">2016 conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauzia_conflict" title="Gagauzia conflict">Gagauzia conflict (1989–1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_conflict" title="Transnistria conflict">Transnistria conflict (1990–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War (1990–1992)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Georgian Civil War (1991–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia_war_(1991%E2%80%931992)" title="South Ossetia war (1991–1992)">South Ossetia War (1991–92)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Prigorodny_conflict" title="East Prigorodny conflict">East Prigorodny conflict (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">Russian constitutional crisis (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War (1994–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1998)" title="War in Abkhazia (1998)">War in Abkhazia (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War (1999–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">Tuzla Island conflict (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Maidan Uprising (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Russian annexation of Crimea (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion (2023)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_border_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis">Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis (2021–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">Slovenian War of Independence (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War (1992–1995)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Croat–Bosniak War">Croat–Bosniak War (1992–1994)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Albanian_civil_unrest" title="1997 Albanian civil unrest">Albanian Civil War (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War (1998–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Pre%C5%A1evo_Valley" title="Insurgency in the Preševo Valley">Insurgency in the Preševo Valley (1999–2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_insurgency_in_Macedonia" title="2001 insurgency in Macedonia">Insurgency in Macedonia (2001)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_territory_of_the_former_Soviet_Union" title="List of conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union">List of Post-Soviet conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">List of ongoing armed conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proxy_wars" title="List of proxy wars">List of proxy wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">List of frozen conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_drugs" title="War on drugs">War on drugs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Years_in_Lithuania_(1918–present)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Years_in_Lithuania" title="Template:Years in Lithuania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Years_in_Lithuania" title="Template talk:Years in Lithuania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Years_in_Lithuania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Years in Lithuania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Years_in_Lithuania_(1918–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Years in <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> (1918–present)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_20th_century_in_Lithuania" title="Category:Years of the 20th century in Lithuania">Pre-1918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1918_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1918 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1919_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1919 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1920_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1920 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1921_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1921 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1922_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1923_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1923 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1924_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1924 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1925_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1925 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1926_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1926 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1927_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1927 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1928_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1928 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1929_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1929 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1930_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1930 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1931 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1932_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1932 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1933_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1933 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1935_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1935 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1936 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1939_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1939 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1940 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1941_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1941 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1942 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1943_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1943 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1944_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1944 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1945_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1945 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1946_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1946 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1947_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1947 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1948 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1949_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1949 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1950_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1950 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1951_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1952 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1953_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1953 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1954_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1954 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1956_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1956 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1957_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1957 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1958_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1958 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1960_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1960 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1961_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1961 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1962_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1962 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1963_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1963 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1965_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1965 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1966_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1966 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1967_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1967 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1968 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1970 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1971_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1971 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1972_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1972 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1973 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1975_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1975 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1976_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1976 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1977_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1977 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1979 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1980 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1981_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1981 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1983 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1984_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1984 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1985_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1985 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1987_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1987 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1988_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1988 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1989_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1989 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1991 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1992_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1993 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1994_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1994 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1996_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1996 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1997 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1998_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2001 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2002 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2003_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2005_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2005 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 in Lithuania (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_Lithuania" title="2009 in Lithuania">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Lithuania" title="2010 in Lithuania">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Lithuania" title="2011 in Lithuania">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_Lithuania" title="2012 in Lithuania">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_Lithuania" title="2013 in Lithuania">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_Lithuania" title="2014 in Lithuania">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_Lithuania" title="2015 in Lithuania">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Lithuania" title="2016 in Lithuania">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Lithuania" title="2017 in Lithuania">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_Lithuania" title="2018 in Lithuania">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Lithuania" title="2019 in Lithuania">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Lithuania" title="2020 in Lithuania">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Lithuania" title="2021 in Lithuania">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_Lithuania" title="2022 in Lithuania">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Lithuania" title="2023 in Lithuania">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_Lithuania" title="2024 in Lithuania">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lithuania_topics" title="Template:Lithuania topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lithuania_topics" title="Template talk:Lithuania topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuania_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuania topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lithuania_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Lithuania-related_articles" title="Index of Lithuania-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania" title="History of Lithuania">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Balts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_proper" title="Lithuania proper">Lithuania proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_Minor" title="Lithuania Minor">Lithuania Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania_(1219%E2%80%931295)" title="History of Lithuania (1219–1295)">1219–1295</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Duchy of Lithuania">Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania" title="Kingdom of Lithuania">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Lithuania" title="Christianization of Lithuania">Christianization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Lithuanian Crusade</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Revival and<br />independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_press_ban" title="Lithuanian press ban">Press ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Revival" title="Lithuanian National Revival">National Revival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seimas_of_Vilnius" title="Great Seimas of Vilnius">Great Seimas of Vilnius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Declaration" title="Amber Declaration">Amber Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Independence_of_Lithuania" title="Act of Independence of Lithuania">Act of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Wars of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Lithuanian–Soviet War">Lithuanian–Soviet War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Polish_coup_attempt_in_Lithuania" title="1919 Polish coup attempt in Lithuania">1919 Polish coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Lithuanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1926 Lithuanian coup d'état">1926 coup d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">WWII and<br />occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">by the Soviet Union (1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Lithuania during World War II">by Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1944)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944)">by the Soviet Union (1944)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Lithuania" title="The Holocaust in Lithuania">Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Second Soviet republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_partisans" title="Lithuanian partisans">Lithuanian partisans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_states_under_Soviet_rule_(1944%E2%80%931991)" title="Baltic states under Soviet rule (1944–1991)">Baltic states under Soviet rule (1944–1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Diplomatic_Service" title="Lithuanian Diplomatic Service">Government-in-exile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Restoration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Reform Movement (Sąjūdis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution#Lithuania" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Way" title="Baltic Way">Baltic Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Act of Re-Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_economic_blockade_of_Lithuania" title="Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania">Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Events_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="January Events (Lithuania)">January Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Lithuanian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Lithuanian European Union membership referendum">2003 Lithuanian European Union membership referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">EU accession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Lithuania" title="Geography of Lithuania">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Lithuania" title="List of cities in Lithuania">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">capital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Lithuania#Climate" title="Geography of Lithuania">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Lithuania" title="List of extreme points of Lithuania">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Lithuania" title="Flora of Lithuania">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_in_Lithuania" title="Forests in Lithuania">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Lithuania" title="List of lakes of Lithuania">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_parks_of_Lithuania" title="List of regional parks of Lithuania">Regional parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Lithuania" title="List of rivers of Lithuania">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki_Gap" title="Suwałki Gap">Suwałki Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Lithuania" title="List of towns in Lithuania">Towns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lithuania" title="Politics of Lithuania">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Lithuania" title="Administrative divisions of Lithuania">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Lithuania" title="Counties of Lithuania">counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Lithuania" title="Municipalities of Lithuania">municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elderships_of_Lithuania" title="Elderships of Lithuania">elderships</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lithuania" title="Constitution of Lithuania">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Lithuania" title="Constitutional Court of Lithuania">Constitutional Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Lithuania" title="Elections in Lithuania">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lithuania" title="Foreign relations of Lithuania">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Lithuania" title="Government of Lithuania">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Lithuania" title="Law of Lithuania">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Lithuania">Law enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Lithuania" title="Human rights in Lithuania">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Lithuania">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Lithuania" title="List of political parties in Lithuania">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Lithuania#Republic_of_Lithuania_(1918–1940)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Lithuania">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas"><i>Seimas</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">parliament</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Seimas" title="List of speakers of the Seimas">Speaker</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Lithuania">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Land_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Land Force">Land Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Naval_Force" title="Lithuanian Naval Force">Naval Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Air_Force" title="Lithuanian Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Special_Operations_Force" title="Lithuanian Special Operations Force">Special Operations Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Lithuania" title="Economy of Lithuania">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Lithuania" title="Agriculture in Lithuania">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Lithuania" title="List of banks in Lithuania">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Lithuania" title="Bank of Lithuania">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Residency_of_Lithuania" title="E-Residency of Lithuania">e-Residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Lithuania" title="Energy in Lithuania">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_euro_coins" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian euro coins">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lithuania" title="Telecommunications in Lithuania">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Lithuania" title="Transport in Lithuania">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Lithuania" title="List of airports in Lithuania">airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Railways" title="Lithuanian Railways">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Lithuania#Lithuanian_road_system" title="Transport in Lithuania">roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Klaip%C4%97da" title="Port of Klaipėda">seaport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Lithuania" title="Tourism in Lithuania">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Lithuania" title="Category:Society of Lithuania">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Lithuania" title="Demographics of Lithuania">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Lithuania" title="Education in Lithuania">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Lithuania" title="List of universities and colleges in Lithuania">universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Lithuania" title="Ethnic minorities in Lithuania">Ethnic minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Lithuania">Ethnographic regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Lithuania" title="Health in Lithuania">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lithuania" title="Religion in Lithuania">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Lithuania" title="Culture of Lithuania">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_calendar" title="Lithuanian calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lithuania" title="Cinema of Lithuania">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuanian_culture" title="History of Lithuanian culture">Cultural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_regions_of_Lithuania" title="Cultural regions of Lithuania">Cultural regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_design" title="Lithuanian design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_Lithuania" title="Ethnographic Lithuania">Ethnographic Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_literature" title="Lithuanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania" title="Music of Lithuania">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registry_of_Cultural_Property_(Lithuania)" title="Registry of Cultural Property (Lithuania)">Monuments of Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Lithuania" title="Name of Lithuania">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Lithuania" title="Public holidays in Lithuania">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Lithuania" title="Sport in Lithuania">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Lithuania" title="National symbols of Lithuania">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tauti%C5%A1ka_giesm%C4%97" title="Tautiška giesmė">anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania" title="Coat of arms of Lithuania">coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lithuania" title="Flag of Lithuania">flag</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Lithuania" title="Outline of Lithuania">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Lithuania-related_articles" title="Index of Lithuania-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lithuania" title="Category:Lithuania">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lithuania" title="Portal:Lithuania">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=January_Events&oldid=1258240181">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=January_Events&oldid=1258240181</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_in_Lithuania" title="Category:1991 in Lithuania">1991 in Lithuania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:1991 in the Soviet Union">1991 in the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_protests" title="Category:1991 protests">1991 protests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_Lithuania" title="Category:Battles involving Lithuania">Battles involving Lithuania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Battles involving the Soviet Union">Battles involving the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1991" title="Category:Conflicts in 1991">Conflicts in 1991</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_crimes_in_Lithuania" title="Category:1991 crimes in Lithuania">1991 crimes in Lithuania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_murders_in_Europe" title="Category:1991 murders in Europe">1991 murders in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990s_murders_in_Lithuania" title="Category:1990s murders in Lithuania">1990s murders in Lithuania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Bloc" title="Category:Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Lithuania_(1990%E2%80%93present)" title="Category:History of Lithuania (1990–present)">History of Lithuania (1990–present)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_Vilnius" title="Category:Military history of Vilnius">Military history of Vilnius</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:January_1991_events_in_Europe" title="Category:January 1991 events in Europe">January 1991 events in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_murder_in_1991" title="Category:Mass murder in 1991">Mass murder in 1991</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Massacres_in_Lithuania" title="Category:Massacres in Lithuania">Massacres in Lithuania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Massacres_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Massacres in the Soviet Union">Massacres in the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_repression_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Political repression in the Soviet Union">Political repression in the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a 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