CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html lang="en-au" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title> Sleep Tag: Archive (ABC Science)</title> <meta name="title" content="Sleep Tag: Archive (ABC Science)">  <meta name="description" content="All the latest science news, in-depth features, games and conversations as they happen from around Australia and the world."> <meta name="keywords" content="latest archive sleep, science"> <meta name="language" content="English"> <meta name="rights" content="Copyright 2024 Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Other rights may be held as detailed in text. www.abc.net.au/common/copyrigh.htm"> <meta name="publisher" content="Australian Broadcasting Corporation"> <meta name="publisher" content="(SCHEME=URL)https://www.abc.net.au/science/"> <meta name="date" content="30/08/2017"> <meta name="ABC-DateReversed" content="20170830"> <meta name="ABC-Gateway" content="Science"> <meta name="ABC-Site" content="Science Online"> <meta name="ABC-ResourceType" content="1"> <meta itemprop="name" content="(none)"> <meta itemprop="description" content="(none)"> <meta name="WT.cg_n" content="archive"> <meta name="WT.cg_s" content="Site_;Topic_latest">   <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen, projection" href="/res/abc/styles/screen.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="/res/abc/styles/print.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="handheld" href="/res/abc/styles/handheld.css">    <script type="text/javascript" src="/res/libraries/abcjs/abc.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="Screen" title="Default" href="/science/css/2009/scienceScreen.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="/science/css/print.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="handheld" href="/science/css/handheld.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/science/css/2009/bulletin.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/science/css/2009/genre/archive.css">        <script type="text/javascript" src="/science/js/2009/menus.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/science/js/2009/common.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/science/js/abcNews/common.2007.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/science/js/showHide.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/res/libraries/jquery/jquery-1.7.1.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/science/js/jquery.ui.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/science/js/jquery.ui.accordion.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/res/libraries/swfobject/swfobject-2.2.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/res/libraries/cinerama2/scripts/cinerama2.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/science/js/abc.science.js"></script> [an error occurred while processing this directive]  <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.abc.net.au/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=sleep"> <link rel="home" title="ABC Science" href="https://www.abc.net.au/science/tag/browse.htm"> <link rel="publisher" href="https://plus.google.com/110895498373905369329" /> <link rel="about" title="About this site" href="/science/about/default.htm"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Latest " href="https://www.abc.net.au/science/subsites//latest/latest.xml"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Sleep Tag Listing" href="https://www.abc.net.au/science/tag/sleep/rss.xml"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.abc.net.au/science/img/touch-icon-iphone.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.abc.net.au/science/img/touch-icon-ipad.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://www.abc.net.au/science/img/touch-icon-iphone4.png" /> </head><body id="archive" class="indexLayout latest sleep"><a name="top"></a> <div id="skipToNav"><a href="#siteNav">Skip to navigation</a> | <a href="#mainContent">Skip to content</a></div>  <div id="abcNav"> <div id="abcNavWrapper">  <ul id="abcNavSearch"> <li><a href="https://search.abc.net.au/">Search</a></li> </ul> <ul id="abcNavMenu"> <li id="abcNavHome"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/" title="ABC Home"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/res/abc/logos/nav_logo.png" alt="ABC Home" width="61" height="16"></a></li> <li id="abcNavRadio"><a href="https://radio.abc.net.au/">Radio</a></li> <li id="abcNavTV"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/tv/">TV</a></li> <li id="abcNavShop"><a href="https://shop.abc.net.au/">Shop</a></li> <li id="abcNavNews"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/">News</a></li> <li id="abcNavSport"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/sport/">Sport</a></li> <li id="abcNavLocal"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/local/">Local</a></li> <li id="abcNavKids"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/children/">Children</a></li> <li id="abcNavScience"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/science/">Science</a></li> <li id="abcNavEnvironment"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/environment/">Environment</a></li> <li id="abcNavTopics"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/more/">More…</a></li> <li id="abcNavHelp"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/help/">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div id="wrapperBody"> <div id="wrapperHeader"> <div class="archiveBanner"><h2>This site is being redeveloped. For all the latest ABC Science content click <a href="/news/science/" style="color:#FFF;text-decoration:underline">here</a>.</h2></div> <div id="header"> <h1><a href="/news/science/"><img src="/science/img/2007/abcScience.png" border="0" align="right" alt="ABC Science" id="mainLogo"></a></h1> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div id="wrapperSiteNav"> <div id="siteNav"> <h3>Site Navigation</h3> <div class="siteBling"> <ul class="multiMediaLinks"> <li class="multiMedia navVideo"><a href="/news/science/">Video</a></li> <li class="multiMedia navAudio"><a href="/news/science/">Audio</a></li> <li class="multiMedia navPhotos"><a href="/science/photos/">Photos</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="siteLinks"> <ul id="topicsLinks"> <li class="navlink "><a name="exploreByTopic" id="exploreByTopic">Explore by topic</a> <ul id="topicsList"> <li class="navTopicAncient"><a href="/news/science/nature/" class="first ancient"><span>Ancient Worlds</span></a></li> <li class="navTopicHuman"><a href="/news/science/humans" class="human"><span>Being Human</span></a></li> <li class="navTopicEnergy"><a href="/news/science/" class="energy"><span>Energy & Transport</span></a></li> <li class="navTopicEnviro"><a href="/news/science/nature/" class="enviro"><span>Environment & Nature</span></a></li> <li class="navTopicHealth"><a href="/news/science/humans/" class="health"><span>Health & Medical</span></a></li> <li class="navTopicTech"><a href="/news/technology/" class="tech"><span>Innovation & Technology</span></a></li> <li class="navTopicSpace last"><a href="/news/science/space" class="space"><span class="last">Space & Astronomy</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="genreLinks"> <li class="navlink navNews"><a href="/news/science" class="genreRoot">News in Science</a></li> <li class="navlink navInDepth"><a href="/news/science/" class="genreRoot">In Depth</a></li> <li class="navlink navK2"><a href="/science/drkarl/" class="genreRoot">Dr Karl</a> <ul id="subnavDrkarl"> <li><a href="/science/drkarl/greatmomentsinscience/"><span>Great Moments in Science</span></a></li> <li><a href="/science/drkarl/scienceontriplej"><span class="radio">Dr Karl on triplej</span></a></li> <li><a href="/science/drkarl/trek/"><span>Karl Trek</span></a></li> <li><a href="/tv/sleekgeeks/"><span>Sleek Geeks</span></a></li> <li><a href="/science/sleekgeeks/eureka/"><span>School's video prize</span></a></li> <li class="last"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/karl-kruszelnicki/8462002"><span>Karl Who?</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="navlink navQandA"><a href="/news/science/" class="genreRoot">Ask an Expert</a></li> <li class="navlink navBasics"><a href="/news/science/" class="genreRoot">Bernie's Basics</a></li> <li class="navlink navGames"><a href="/news/science/" class="genreRoot">Quizzes & Games</a> </li> <li class="navlink navTeachers"><a href="/science/surfingscientist/" class="genreRoot">Teaching Science</a> <ul id="subnavLearn"> <li><a href="/science/surfingscientist/lessonplans/"><span>Lesson Plans</span></a></li> <li><a href="/science/surfingscientist/conundrums/"><span>Conundrums</span></a></li> <li><a href="/science/surfingscientist/demonstrations/"><span>Demonstrations</span></a></li> <li class="last"><a href="/science/careers/"><span><strong>Careers</strong></span></a></li> <li><a href="/science/careers/acedayjobs/"><span>Ace Day Jobs</span></a></li> <li><a href="/science/careers/talkingscience/"><span>Talking Science</span></a></li> <li class="last"><a href="/science/careers/catapult/"><span>Catapult on triplej</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="wrapperContent"> <div id="content"><a name="mainContent"></a> <div id="contentInner"> <div id="story" class="index"> <p id="hotTags"><span id="tagLine">Hot tags </span><span id="hotTagsLinks"><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?topic=latest&tag=weather">Weather </a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?topic=latest&tag=climate-change">Climate Change </a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?topic=latest&tag=planets-and-asteroids">Planets and Asteroids </a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?topic=latest&tag=archaeology">Archaeology </a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?topic=latest&tag=fossils" class="last">Fossils </a> </span></p><div class="clear"></div> <h1 class="genreHeading"><span>Science subject and location tags</span></h1> <p class="noIndent"><strong>This tag library is an archive and is no longer updated. For current content go to <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/">ABC News</a>.</strong></p> <h2 class="sectionHeading"><span class="txupdate"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/science/tag/sleep/rss.xml" title="https://www.abc.net.au/science/tag/sleep/rss.xml" class="rss">RSS<span> | </span></a><a href="/science/maps/map.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=sleep" class="map">Map</a></span>Sleep </h2> <div id="pageNavTop"><div class="pagenav"><p> 1 <a href="?site=science&topic=latest&tag=sleep&page=02">2</a> <a href="?site=science&topic=latest&tag=sleep&page=03">3</a> <a href="?site=science&topic=latest&tag=sleep&page=04">4</a> <span class="pageNavNext" title="Next page"> <a href="?site=science&topic=latest&tag=sleep&page=02">Next</a> </span> </p></div> </div> <h4 class="item001"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2017-04-11/dreaming-hot-zone-found-at-back-of-brain-in-research/8426432"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201704/r1687629_26148016.jpg" align="left" alt="">Dreaming 'hot zone' found at the back of the brain</a></h4> <p class="item001 itemList"><span class="txdate">Tuesday, 11 April 2017</span><span class="description"><br><span class="slug">Dream zone</span> Scientists have found a "hot zone" in the back of the brain that is active during dreaming at all times, challenging long-held beliefs about what happens in our brains while we sleep.</span><span class="tags"><br> <strong>Subjects: </strong><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=neuroscience">neuroscience</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=news">news</a> </span></p> <h4 class="item002"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-19/women-may-be-more-affected-by-shift-work-than-men/7335368"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201604/r1555367_23321811.jpg" align="left" alt="">Women may be more affected by shiftwork than men</a></h4> <p class="item002 itemList"><span class="txdate">Tuesday, 19 April 2016</span><span class="description"><br><span class="slug">Sleep deprivation</span> Women's ability to perform tasks accurately is reduced when working night shifts into the early morning, according to a new study that details for the first time differences between men and women's sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms.</span><span class="tags"><br> <strong>Subjects: </strong><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=occupational-health-and-safety">occupational-health-and-safety</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=news">news</a> </span></p> <h4 class="item003"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-03/study-identifies-genes-associated-with-being-a-morning-person/7134194"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201602/r1526695_22733069.jpg" align="left" alt="">Are you a morning person? It may be in your genes</a></h4> <p class="item003 itemList"><span class="txdate">Wednesday, 3 February 2016</span><span class="description"><br><span class="slug">Gene sweep</span> Whether we prefer to get up at the crack of dawn or work late into the night may be influenced by genes connected to the circadian rhythm, a new study suggests.</span><span class="tags"><br> <strong>Subjects: </strong><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=genetics">genetics</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=news">news</a> </span></p> <h4 class="item004"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-16/sleep-patterns-have-not-strayed-far-from-paleo-roots/6857992"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201510/r1486988_21856739.jpg" align="left" alt="girl with insomnia">We get the same amount of sleep as people in ancient tribal societies</a></h4> <p class="item004 itemList"><span class="txdate">Friday, 16 October 2015</span><span class="description"><br><span class="slug">Paleo sleep</span> We blame technology and the pace of modern life for our inability to sleep, but new research suggests our sleep patterns have not strayed far from our paleo roots.</span><span class="tags"><br> <strong>Subjects: </strong><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=anthropology-and-sociology">anthropology-and-sociology</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=news">news</a> </span></p> <h4 class="item005"><a href="/science/articles/2015/08/12/4291405.htm"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201508/r1460426_21282638.jpg" align="left" alt="">REM sleep triggers imagery in the 'mind's eye'</a></h4> <p class="item005 itemList"><span class="txdate">Wednesday, 12 August 2015</span><span class="description"><br>Rapid eye movement during sleep triggers the parts of our brain involved in processing visual images while we are awake, a new study shows.</span><span class="tags"><br> <strong>Subjects: </strong><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=neuroscience">neuroscience</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=sleep">sleep</a> </span></p> <h4 class="item006"><a href="/science/articles/2015/08/03/4265557.htm"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201506/r1443311_20915800.jpg" align="left" alt="">Feeling tired? Night owls can blame their body clock</a></h4> <p class="item006 itemList"><span class="txdate">Monday, 3 August 2015</span><span class="description"><br>Night owls feel worse effects from lack of sleep the next morning because their body clock can't adjust to getting up early, researchers have found.</span><span class="tags"><br> <strong>Subjects: </strong><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=occupational-health-and-safety">occupational-health-and-safety</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=safety">safety</a> </span></p> <h4 class="item007"><a href="/science/articles/2014/04/17/3987996.htm"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201404/r1265120_16983509.jpg" align="left" alt="Almost a third of couples slept in the 'spoon' position ">Couples happier when they sleep touching</a></h4> <p class="item007 itemList"><span class="txdate">Thursday, 17 April 2014</span><span class="description"><br>Sharing a bed snuggled up to your partner means you're more likely to be in a happy relationship, according to a UK study.</span><span class="tags"><br> <strong>Subjects: </strong><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=health">health</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=relationships">relationships</a> </span></p> <h4 class="item008"><a href="/science/articles/2014/04/11/3982860.htm"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201404/r1261694_16904696.jpg" align="left" alt="The app asks users to select their destination, preferred sleep and wake times, and when they want to start adjusting ">Phone app trains you to beat jet lag</a></h4> <p class="item008 itemList"><span class="txdate">Friday, 11 April 2014</span><span class="description"><br>A pair of mathematicians have crunched the numbers to come up with what they believe is the quickest way to beat jetlag.</span><span class="tags"><br> <strong>Subjects: </strong><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=health">health</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=mobile-phones">mobile-phones</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=travel-and-tourism">travel-and-tourism</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=sleep">sleep</a> </span></p> <h4 class="item009"><a href="/science/articles/2014/01/28/3861788.htm"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201310/r1182735_15139130.jpg" align="left" alt="When we are in REM sleep we tend to dream and our body is semi-paralysed">Why do we roll over when we're asleep?</a></h4> <p class="item009 itemList"><span class="txdate">Tuesday, 28 January 2014 <span class="hasComments"><a href="/science/articles/2014/01/28/3861788.htm#artComments" class="comments">[an error occurred while processing this directive] comments</a></span></span><span class="description"><br><span class="slug">Ask an Expert</span> What makes us suddenly uncomfortable on one side and needing to change to the other when we're in bed, and during what sleep phase are we more likely to do it?</span><span class="tags"><br> <strong>Subjects: </strong><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=neuroscience">neuroscience</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=skin">skin</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=askanexpert">askanexpert</a> </span></p> <h4 class="item010"><a href="/science/articles/2013/11/05/3883529.htm"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201311/r1197142_15458147.jpg" align="left" alt="When we sleep, networks in the brain undergo very organised patterns of activity ">Why do we sleep?</a></h4> <p class="item010 itemList"><span class="txdate">Tuesday, 5 November 2013 <span class="hasComments"><a href="/science/articles/2013/11/05/3883529.htm#artComments" class="comments">[an error occurred while processing this directive] comments</a></span><img src="/science/css/img/icon.audio.png" alt="Article has audio" title="This article has audio attached" class="hasAudio"></span><span class="description"><br><span class="slug">Great Moments in Science</span> We spend a lot of our lives asleep, but it's a mystery why we need so much shuteye. Dr Karl looks at the latest theories.</span><span class="tags"><br> <strong>Subjects: </strong><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=neuroscience">neuroscience</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=greatmomentsinscience">greatmomentsinscience</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=drkarl">drkarl</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=podcast">podcast</a> </span></p> <h4 class="item011"><a href="/science/articles/2013/10/18/3872071.htm"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201310/r1189637_15291799.jpg" align="left" alt="Like a cleaner mopping the halls after the lights go out, sleep allows the brain to flush out waste ">Sleep keeps brain fit by clearing waste</a></h4> <p class="item011 itemList"><span class="txdate">Friday, 18 October 2013</span><span class="description"><br>Disease-causing waste that builds up during the day is cleaned out from our brain as we sleep at night, say researchers.</span><span class="tags"><br> <strong>Subjects: </strong><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=alzheimers-and-dementia">alzheimers-and-dementia</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=brain-and-nervous-system">brain-and-nervous-system</a> </span></p> <h4 class="item012"><a href="/science/articles/2013/10/16/3870119.htm"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201310/r1188406_15264211.jpg" align="left" alt="Those who adopted a more stable bedtime schedule demonstrated clear improvements in behaviour ">Behavioural problems linked to bedtimes</a></h4> <p class="item012 itemList"><span class="txdate">Wednesday, 16 October 2013</span><span class="description"><br>Children who go to bed at irregular hours are more likely to have behavioural problems, according to a new study.</span><span class="tags"><br> <strong>Subjects: </strong><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=child-health-and-behaviour">child-health-and-behaviour</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=sleep">sleep</a> </span></p> <h4 class="item013"><a href="/science/articles/2013/09/23/3854619.htm"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201309/r1178023_15033800.jpg" align="left" alt="The findings may help in treatment of disorders, such as phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder ">Sleep used to quell fearful memories</a></h4> <p class="item013 itemList"><span class="txdate">Monday, 23 September 2013</span><span class="description"><br>Memories of fearful events can be reduced during sleep, a new study has found.</span><span class="tags"><br> <strong>Subjects: </strong><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=neuroscience">neuroscience</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=brain-and-nervous-system">brain-and-nervous-system</a> </span></p> <h4 class="item014"><a href="/science/articles/2013/08/02/3816043.htm"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201308/r1151503_14436053.jpg" align="left" alt="After a week of camping, participants melatonin levels returned to 'normal' levels ">Camping turns night owls into early birds</a></h4> <p class="item014 itemList"><span class="txdate">Friday, 2 August 2013</span><span class="description"><br>A new study has found a simple and drug-free way to ensure a good night's sleep - go camping.</span><span class="tags"><br> <strong>Subjects: </strong><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=health">health</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=biology">biology</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=sleep">sleep</a> </span></p> <h4 class="item015"><a href="/science/articles/2013/02/26/3697827.htm"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201302/r1078106_12785942.jpg" align="left" alt="The experimental conditions mimic what many people experience on a regular basis">Sleep deprivation plays havoc with genes</a></h4> <p class="item015 itemList"><span class="txdate">Tuesday, 26 February 2013</span><span class="description"><br>Sleep deprivation affects hundreds of genes involved with inflammation, immunity and cells' response to stress, British researchers have found.</span><span class="tags"><br> <strong>Subjects: </strong><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=genetics">genetics</a> </span></p> <div id="pageNavEnd"><div class="pagenav"><p> 1 <a href="?site=science&topic=&tag=sleep&page=02">2</a> <a href="?site=science&topic=&tag=sleep&page=03">3</a> <a href="?site=science&topic=&tag=sleep&page=04">4</a> <span class="pageNavNext" title="Next page"> <a href="?site=science&topic=&tag=sleep&page=02">Next</a> </span> </p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div>  </div> <div id="scienceSearch">  <form class="searchKeyword" action="https://search.abc.net.au/search/search.cgi" method="get"> <input name="form" value="simple" type="hidden"> <input name="num_tiers" value="1" type="hidden"> <input name="num_ranks" value="20" type="hidden"> <input name="collection" value="abcall" type="hidden"> <input name="meta_v" id="scienceAll" value="science" type="hidden"> <fieldset> <legend><a href="https://search.abc.net.au/search/search.cgi?collection=abcall&form=simple&meta_v=science%2Farticles&query=Science" class="archiveKeyword">Search ABC Science</a></legend><em class="readMore"><a href="/science/articles/archive/?section=2024">Browse the archive</a> </em> <p><input name="query" id="query" size="25" maxlength="50" type="text"> <input value="Search" type="submit"></p> </fieldset> </form> </div>    <div id="browse" class="latest sleep"> <div id="smfollow"> <h3>Follow us</h3> <ul>  <li><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/science/contact/lists/updates/"><img src="/science/css/img/sm_email_btn.gif" alt="Subscribe to our email alert"/></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/"><img src="/science/css/img/sm_podcast_btn.gif" alt="Latest audio and podcasts"/></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/abcscienceonline/"><img src="/science/css/img/youtube_icon.jpg" alt="ABC Science on YouTube"/></a></li> <li><a href="http://www.facebook.com/ABCScience"><img src="/science/css/img/sm_facebook_btn.gif" alt="Follow us on Facebook"/></a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/abcscience"><img src="/science/css/img/sm_twitter_btn.gif" alt="Follow us on Twitter"/></a></li> </ul> </div>  <div class="subsite"><h3><a href="/science/tag/">Science subject and location tags A–Z</a></h3><p id="tagsAlpha" class="ssall"><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=a" class="A">A</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=b" class="B">B</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=c" class="C">C</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=d" class="D">D</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=e" class="E">E</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=f" class="F">F</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=g" Class="G">G</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=h" class="H">H</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=i" class="I">I</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=j" class="J">J</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=k" class="k">K</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=l" class="L">L</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=m" class="m">M</a> <span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=n" class="N">N</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=o" class="O">O</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=p" class="P">P</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=q" class="Q">Q</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=r" Class="R">R</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=s" class="S">S</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=t" class="T">T</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=u" class="U">U</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=v" class="V">V</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=w" class="W">W</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=x" class="x">X</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=y" class="Y">Y</a><span> | </span><a href="/science/tag/?site=science&section=alpha&subsection=z" class="Z">Z</a></p></div>  <div class="subsite"> <h3><a href="/science/">Explore ABC Science</a></h3> <p id="tagCloud"><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=aboriginal-language" class="s1" title="1 story">aboriginal-language</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=aged-care" class="s1" title="2 stories">aged-care</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=agricultural-crops" class="s1" title="2 stories">agricultural-crops</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=air-pollution" class="s1" title="1 story">air-pollution</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=alzheimers-and-dementia" class="s1" title="4 stories">alzheimers-and-dementia</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=anatomy" class="s1" title="2 stories">anatomy</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=animal-behaviour" class="s1" title="19 stories">animal-behaviour</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=animals" class="s1" title="22 stories">animals</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=anthropology-and-sociology" class="s1" title="10 stories">anthropology-and-sociology</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=archaeology" class="s1" title="15 stories">archaeology</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=arts-and-entertainment" class="s1" title="1 story">arts-and-entertainment</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=astronomy-space" class="s2" title="43 stories">astronomy-space</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=awards" class="s1" title="1 story">awards</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=biology" class="s1" title="8 stories">biology</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=biotechnology" class="s1" title="2 stories">biotechnology</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=birds" class="s1" title="8 stories">birds</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=blackholes" class="s1" title="4 stories">blackholes</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=botany" class="s1" title="9 stories">botany</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=brain-and-nervous-system" class="s1" title="1 story">brain-and-nervous-system</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=building-and-construction" class="s1" title="1 story">building-and-construction</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=bushfire" class="s1" title="2 stories">bushfire</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=chemistry" class="s1" title="3 stories">chemistry</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=child-health-and-behaviour" class="s1" title="3 stories">child-health-and-behaviour</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=climate-change" class="s2" title="26 stories">climate-change</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=cloning-and-dna" class="s1" title="2 stories">cloning-and-dna</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=computers-and-technology" class="s1" title="6 stories">computers-and-technology</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=conservation" class="s1" title="10 stories">conservation</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=consumer-electronics" class="s1" title="2 stories">consumer-electronics</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=depression" class="s1" title="1 story">depression</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=diabetes" class="s1" title="3 stories">diabetes</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=diet-and-nutrition" class="s1" title="3 stories">diet-and-nutrition</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=dinosaurs" class="s1" title="7 stories">dinosaurs</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=diseases-and-disorders" class="s1" title="1 story">diseases-and-disorders</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=dna" class="s1" title="7 stories">dna</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=earth-sciences" class="s1" title="4 stories">earth-sciences</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=ecology" class="s1" title="9 stories">ecology</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=endangered-and-protected-species" class="s1" title="4 stories">endangered-and-protected-species</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=environment" class="s1" title="5 stories">environment</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=evolution" class="s1" title="20 stories">evolution</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=exercise-and-fitness" class="s1" title="2 stories">exercise-and-fitness</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=eyes" class="s1" title="1 story">eyes</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=fertility-and-infertility" class="s1" title="2 stories">fertility-and-infertility</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=fish" class="s1" title="4 stories">fish</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=forests" class="s1" title="3 stories">forests</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=fossils" class="s1" title="10 stories">fossils</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=galaxies" class="s1" title="13 stories">galaxies</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=genetics" class="s1" title="24 stories">genetics</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=geology" class="s1" title="5 stories">geology</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=great-barrier-reef" class="s1" title="2 stories">great-barrier-reef</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=health" class="s1" title="7 stories">health</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=history" class="s1" title="1 story">history</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=indigenous-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander" class="s1" title="5 stories">indigenous-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=infectious-diseases-other" class="s1" title="2 stories">infectious-diseases-other</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=internet" class="s1" title="2 stories">internet</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=invertebrates" class="s1" title="4 stories">invertebrates</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=invertebrates-insects-and-arachnids" class="s1" title="8 stories">invertebrates-insects-and-arachnids</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=land-pollution" class="s1" title="1 story">land-pollution</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=mammals" class="s1" title="8 stories">mammals</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=marine-biology" class="s1" title="6 stories">marine-biology</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=marsupials" class="s1" title="2 stories">marsupials</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=mathematics" class="s1" title="3 stories">mathematics</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=medical-research" class="s1" title="2 stories">medical-research</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=mental-health" class="s1" title="1 story">mental-health</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=microbiology" class="s1" title="4 stories">microbiology</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=music" class="s1" title="2 stories">music</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=nanotechnology" class="s1" title="2 stories">nanotechnology</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=neuroscience" class="s1" title="5 stories">neuroscience</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=news" class="s11" title="250 stories">news</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=obesity" class="s1" title="1 story">obesity</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=oceans-and-reefs" class="s1" title="8 stories">oceans-and-reefs</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=ozone" class="s1" title="1 story">ozone</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=pain" class="s1" title="1 story">pain</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=palaeontology" class="s2" title="25 stories">palaeontology</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=parenting" class="s1" title="1 story">parenting</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=parkinsons-disease" class="s1" title="2 stories">parkinsons-disease</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=pharmaceuticals" class="s1" title="1 story">pharmaceuticals</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=physics" class="s1" title="21 stories">physics</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=planets-and-asteroids" class="s2" title="31 stories">planets-and-asteroids</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=pollution" class="s1" title="3 stories">pollution</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=pregnancy-and-childbirth" class="s1" title="2 stories">pregnancy-and-childbirth</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=psychology" class="s1" title="5 stories">psychology</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=relationships" class="s1" title="3 stories">relationships</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=religion-and-beliefs" class="s1" title="1 story">religion-and-beliefs</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=reptiles" class="s1" title="3 stories">reptiles</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=research" class="s1" title="2 stories">research</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=rural" class="s1" title="1 story">rural</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=science-and-technology" class="s1" title="20 stories">science-and-technology</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=sleep" class="s1" title="2 stories">sleep</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=social-media" class="s1" title="2 stories">social-media</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=social-sciences" class="s1" title="2 stories">social-sciences</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=spacecraft" class="s1" title="5 stories">spacecraft</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=space-exploration" class="s1" title="8 stories">space-exploration</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=stars" class="s1" title="13 stories">stars</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=stem-cells" class="s1" title="1 story">stem-cells</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=telescopes" class="s1" title="5 stories">telescopes</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=the-moon" class="s1" title="2 stories">the-moon</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=the-universe" class="s1" title="10 stories">the-universe</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=vaccines-and-immunity" class="s1" title="2 stories">vaccines-and-immunity</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=water-pollution" class="s1" title="3 stories">water-pollution</a> <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=latest&tag=womens-health" class="s1" title="1 story">womens-health</a> </p> <p class="cloudExplanation">This tag cloud is a visual means of displaying the topics that are in the news. The cloud shows the tags which ABC Science Online is using the most. The bigger the type, the greater the number of stories being processed on that topic. Click on the tag name to go to that tag listing.</p> </div> <div class="healthWellbeing"><div class="variantA"> <h3>More Sleep on Health & Wellbeing</h3> <ul> <li class="related4257650"> <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/health/talkinghealth/factbuster/stories/2015/06/23/4257650.htm">Should you wake a sleepwalker?</a> </li> <li class="related4253054"> <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/health/quizzestools/quizzes/2015/06/11/4253054.htm">Sleep</a> </li> <li class="related4239985"> <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/health/features/stories/2015/05/21/4239985.htm">Understanding sleepy teens</a> </li> <li class="related4190500"> <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/health/features/stories/2015/03/03/4190500.htm">Is your sleep tracking app keeping you awake at night?</a> </li> <li class="related4169022"> <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/health/thepulse/stories/2015/01/28/4169022.htm">Social jet lag behind back to work and school grind</a> </li> <li class="related4149658"> <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/health/features/stories/2014/12/16/4149658.htm">Why holidays can make you more sleepy</a> </li> </ul> <p> <a href="/health/tag/sleep" class="more">More</a> </p> </div> <div class="variantB"> <h3><span>Elsewhere on ABC</span></h3> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2016/s4422167.htm">Children with sleep problems more likely to struggle adjusting to school</a> <br />AM</li> <li> <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2015/08/12/4291405.htm">REM sleep triggers imagery in the 'mind's eye'</a> <br />Science Online</li> <li> <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2015/08/03/4265557.htm">Feeling tired? Night owls can blame their body clock</a> <br />Science Online</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div id="footerWrapper"> <div id="siteFooter"> <div id="siteMap"> <h3><em><a href="/science/about.htm">About<span> |</span></a><a href="/science/contact/">Contact<span> | </span></a></em><a href="/science/">ABC Science</a></h3> <div class="marginator"> <div class="sideBySide3 one"> <h4>Sections</h4> <ul> <li class="first"><a href="/news/science/">News in Science</a></li> <li><a href="/news/science/">In Depth</a></li> <li><a href="/science/drkarl/">Dr Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/news/science/">Ask an Expert</a></li> <li><a href="/news/science/">Bernie's Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/news/science/">Quizzes & Games</a></li> <li><a href="/science/learn/">Teaching Science</a></li> <li><a href="/news/science/">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/news/science/">Video</a></li> <li class="last"><a href="/science/photos/">Photos</a></li> </ul> <h4>Topics</h4> <ul class="topicsList"> <li class="navTopicAncient first"><a href="/news/science/" class="first ancient"><span>Ancient Worlds</span></a></li> <li class="navTopicHuman"><a href="/news/science/humans"><span>Being Human</span></a></li> <li class="navTopicEnergy"><a href="/news/science/"><span>Energy & Transport</span></a></li> <li class="navTopicEnviro"><a href="/news/science/nature"><span>Environment & Nature</span></a></li> <li class="navTopicHealth"><a href="/news/science/humans"><span>Health & Medical</span></a></li> <li class="navTopicTech"><a href="/news/technology"><span>Innovation & Technology</span></a></li> <li class="navTopicSpace last"><a href="/news/science/space"><span class="last">Space & Astronomy</span></a></li> </ul><br clear="all"> </div> <div class="sideBySide3 two"> <h4>Listen</h4> <ul> <li class="first"><a href="/radionational/programs/allinthemind/">All in the Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/radionational/programs/bodysphere/">Body Sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/science/drkarl/scienceontriplej/">Dr Karl on triplej</a></li> <li><a href="/radionational/programs/futuretense/">FutureTense</a></li> <li><a href="/science/drkarl/greatmomentsinscience/">Great Moments in Science</a></li> <li><a href="/radionational/programs/healthreport/">The Health Report</a></li> <li><a href="/radionational/programs/ockhamsrazor/">Ockham's Razor</a></li> <li><a href="/radionational/programs/offtrack/">Off Track</a></li> <li><a href="/radionational/programs/philosopherszone/">The Philosopher's Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/radionational/programs/scienceshow/">The Science Show</a></li> </ul> <h4>Watch</h4> <ul> <li class="first"><a href="/acedayjobs/">Ace Day Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/catalyst/">Catalyst</a></li> <li><a href="/science/crude/">Crude</a></li> <li><a href="/science/experimentals/">ExperiMentals</a></li> <li><a href="/science/sleekgeeks/eureka/2015/">Sleek Geeks video prize</a></li> <li><a href="/science/careers/talkingscience">Talking Science</a></li> <li><a href="/tv/timetravellers/">Time Traveller's Guide to Australia</a></li> <li class="last"><a href="/tv/voyage/">Voyage to the Planets</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="sideBySide3 three"> <h4>More science sites</h4> <ul> <li class="first"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/science/catchmentdetox/files/home.htm">Catchment Detox</a></li> <li><a href="/science/surfingscientist/">Surfing Scientist</a></li> <li class="last"><a href="/dinosaurs/">Walking with Dinosaurs</a></li> </ul> <h4>Related ABC sites</h4> <ul> <li class="first"><a href="/environment/">ABC Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/health/">ABC Health and Wellbeing</a></li> <li class="last"><a href="/technology/">ABC Technology and Games</a></li> </ul> <h4>Search ABC Science</h4> <ul> <li class="first"><a href="/science/tag/">A–Z subject and location library</a></li> <li><a href="/science/articles/archive/">Science archives</a></li> <li class="last"><a href="https://search.abc.net.au/search/search.cgi?collection=abcall&form=simple&meta_v=science%2Farticles&query=Science">Search ABC Science by keyword</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sitemapSubscribe"> <h3>Stay updated</h3> <div id="emailList">   <h4>ABC Science Newsletter</h4> <p>Get ABC Science’s weekly newsletter <a href="/science/contact/lists/updates/">Science Updates</a></p> <br> <h4 id="abcTwitter">Follow ABC Science on Twitter</h4> <ul> <li class="first"><a href="https://twitter.com/abcscience" target="_blank">ABC Science</a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/abccatalyst" target="_blank">Catalyst</a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/doctorkarl" target="_blank">Doctor Karl</a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/surfnscientist" target="_blank">Surfing Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/abchealthonline" target="_blank">ABC Health Online</a></li> <li class="last"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/services/twitter/">More ABC programs and people on Twitter»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div>  <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> try { var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-6622401-1"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); } catch(err) {}</script>  </div>  <div id="abcFooter"> <div id="abcFooterWrapper"> <a id="abcFooterLogo" href="https://www.abc.net.au"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/res/abc/logos/footer_logo.png" width="112" height="34" alt="abc.net.au"></a> <ul id="abcFooterLinks"> <li class="abcFooterFirst"><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/">ABC Home</a></li> <li><a href="https://about.abc.net.au">About the ABC</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/careers/">ABC Careers</a></li> <li><a href="https://about.abc.net.au/talk-to-the-abc/">ABC Contacts</a></li> </ul> <ul id="abcFooterLegal"> <li class="abcFooterFirst"><a href="https://about.abc.net.au/terms-of-use/">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="https://about.abc.net.au/abc-privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://about.abc.net.au/accessibility-statement/">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://about.abc.net.au/terms-of-use/#UseOfContent">© <time>2019</time> ABC</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>   <script type="text/javascript" src="//secure-au.imrworldwide.com/v60.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> try { var pvar = { cid: "abc-aust", content: "0", server: "secure-au" }; var trac = nol_t(pvar); trac.record().post(); } catch (er) { // do nothing } </script> <noscript> <div> <img src="//secure-au.imrworldwide.com/cgi-bin/m?ci=abc-aust&cg=0&cc=1&ts=noscript" width="1" height="1" alt=""> </div> </noscript>   <script type="text/javascript"> // <![CDATA[ (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PB2GX'); // ]]> </script> <noscript> <iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PB2GX" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>   </body></html>