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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Founding_and_the_Sputnik_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_and_the_Sputnik_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Founding and the Sputnik crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_and_the_Sputnik_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_flight_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_flight_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Space flight programs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Space_flight_programs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Space flight programs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Space_flight_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Project_Mercury_(1958–1963)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Project_Mercury_(1958–1963)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Project Mercury (1958–1963)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Project_Mercury_(1958–1963)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Project_Gemini_(1961–1966)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Project_Gemini_(1961–1966)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Project Gemini (1961–1966)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Project_Gemini_(1961–1966)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apollo_program_(1961–1972)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apollo_program_(1961–1972)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Apollo program (1961–1972)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apollo_program_(1961–1972)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skylab_(1965–1979)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skylab_(1965–1979)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Skylab (1965–1979)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skylab_(1965–1979)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apollo–Soyuz_Test_Project_(1972–1975)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apollo–Soyuz_Test_Project_(1972–1975)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (1972–1975)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apollo–Soyuz_Test_Project_(1972–1975)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_Shuttle_program_(1972–2011)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_Shuttle_program_(1972–2011)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Space Shuttle program (1972–2011)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_Shuttle_program_(1972–2011)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Space_Station_(1993–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Space_Station_(1993–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>International Space Station (1993–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Space_Station_(1993–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Curiosity_rover_(2011–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Curiosity_rover_(2011–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Curiosity rover (2011–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Curiosity_rover_(2011–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artemis_program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artemis_program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Artemis program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artemis_program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peregrine_Mission_One" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peregrine_Mission_One"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Peregrine Mission One</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peregrine_Mission_One-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NASA's_future" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NASA's_future"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>NASA's future</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NASA's_future-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NASA_Missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NASA_Missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>NASA Missions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NASA_Missions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_the_metric_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_the_metric_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Use of the metric system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_the_metric_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">NASA</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 148 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-148" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">148 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasa" title="Nasa – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nasa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%93%E1%88%B3" title="ናሳ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ናሳ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D4%B1%D5%8D%D4%B1" title="ՆԱՍԱ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="ՆԱՍԱ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE" title="নাছা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নাছা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE" title="নাসা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাসা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83" title="Нацыянальная ўправа паветраплаваньня і космасу – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нацыянальная ўправа паветраплаваньня і космасу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="नासा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नासा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacia_Aerona%C5%ADtika_kaj_Kosma_Administracio" title="Nacia Aeronaŭtika kaj Kosma Administracio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nacia Aeronaŭtika kaj Kosma Administracio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE" title="નાસા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નાસા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%ED%95%AD%EA%B3%B5_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EA%B5%AD" title="미국 항공 우주국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 항공 우주국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D4%B1%D5%8D%D4%B1" title="ՆԱՍԱ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ՆԱՍԱ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="नासा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नासा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacional_Administrerio_pri_Kosmo_ed_Aeronavigo" title="Nacional Administrerio pri Kosmo ed Aeronavigo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nacional Administrerio pri Kosmo ed Aeronavigo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Penerbangan_dan_Antariksa" title="Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geimfer%C3%B0astofnun_Bandar%C3%ADkjanna" title="Geimferðastofnun Bandaríkjanna – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Geimferðastofnun Bandaríkjanna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A1%22%D7%90" title="נאס"א – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נאס"א" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE" title="ನಾಸಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಾಸಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2" title="ນາຊາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນາຊາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalis_A%C3%ABronauticae_Spatioque_Administratio" title="Nationalis Aëronauticae Spatioque Administratio – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nationalis Aëronauticae Spatioque Administratio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacion%C4%81l%C4%81_aeronautikas_un_kosmosa_administr%C4%81cija" title="Nacionālā aeronautikas un kosmosa administrācija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nacionālā aeronautikas un kosmosa administrācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="नासा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="नासा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8" title="നാസ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാസ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="नासा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नासा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90" title="ნასა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნასა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentadbiran_Aeronautik_dan_Angkasa_Kebangsaan" title="Pentadbiran Aeronautik dan Angkasa Kebangsaan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pentadbiran Aeronautik dan Angkasa Kebangsaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯅꯥꯁꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅꯥꯁꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC" title="နာဆာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နာဆာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="नासा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नासा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%B1%80" title="アメリカ航空宇宙局 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ航空宇宙局" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE" title="ନାସା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନାସା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਨਾਸਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਸਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC" title="နာသာ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="နာသာ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aministrassion_Nassional_dl%27Areon%C3%A0utica_e_dl%C3%AB_Spassi" title="Aministrassion Nassional dl'Areonàutica e dlë Spassi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Aministrassion Nassional dl'Areonàutica e dlë Spassi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="नासा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नासा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱱᱟᱥᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱟᱥᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F" title="නාසා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නාසා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Наса – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Наса" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasa" title="Nasa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nasa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE)" title="தேசிய வானூர்தியியல் மற்றும் விண்வெளி நிர்வாகம் (ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தேசிய வானூர்தியியல் மற்றும் விண்வெளி நிர்வாகம் (ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE" title="నాసా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నాసా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2" title="นาซา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นาซา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" title="美国国家航空航天局 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美国国家航空航天局" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%B8%BD%E7%BD%B2" title="美國太空總署 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美國太空總署" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" title="美国国家航空航天局 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美国国家航空航天局" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23548#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change 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location">38.88306°N 77.01639°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.88306; -77.01639</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/NASA_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="NASA (disambiguation)">NASA (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/NASA_seal.svg/150px-NASA_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/NASA_seal.svg/225px-NASA_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/NASA_seal.svg/300px-NASA_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="272" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Seal</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/160px-NASA_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/240px-NASA_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/320px-NASA_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="92" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_insignia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NASA insignia (not yet started)">Emblem</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_the_United_States_National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_United_States_National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_the_United_States_National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_United_States_National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_the_United_States_National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_United_States_National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><br />Flag</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">July 29, 1958<span class="noprint">; 66 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1958-07-29</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915–1958)</span><sup id="cite_ref-CentNACA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CentNACA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">US Federal Government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Independence_Square&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Two Independence Square (not yet started)">Two Independence Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9430902">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=NASA&params=38_52_59_N_77_0_59_W_type:landmark_region:US-DC"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°52′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°0′59″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.88306°N 77.01639°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.88306; -77.01639</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>For the Benefit of All</i><sup id="cite_ref-motto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">17,219 <span style="font-size:85%;">(2019)</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>21.5 billion</span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2019)</span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Nelson" title="Bill Nelson">Bill Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_NASA" title="Administrator of NASA">Administrator</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Melroy" title="Pamela Melroy">Pamela Melroy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Administrator_of_NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Administrator of NASA">Deputy Administrator</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Schaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Schaus (not yet started)">Margaret Schaus</a>, Chief Financial Officer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/">NASA.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Aeronautics and Space Administration</b> (<b>NASA</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Independent" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/Agency" title="Agency">agency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Federal_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Federal Government">United States Federal Government</a> that deals with <a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">space exploration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aeronautics" title="Aeronautics">aeronautics</a>, the operating and designing of <a href="/wiki/Aeroplane" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeroplane">planes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-independent_agency_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent_agency-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA has had many successful missions, for example the <a href="/wiki/ISS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISS">ISS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a>, which put the first man on <a href="/wiki/The_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moon">the Moon</a> in 1969. NASA was founded on July 29, 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-act1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA's <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/motto" class="extiw" title="wikt:motto">motto</a> is: "For the Benefit of All".<sup id="cite_ref-motto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=VIPER_(rover)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VIPER (rover) (not yet started)">VIPER (rover)</a> will not be finished; That project was stopped in 2024; Its <a href="/wiki/Development" class="mw-disambig" title="Development">development</a> had been done by by NASA (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ames_Research_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ames Research Center (not yet started)">Ames Research Center</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Viper's full name is "Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover".) </p><p>Since April of 2021, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Nelson" title="Bill Nelson">Bill Nelson</a>, former Senator from Florida, has served as NASA Administrator. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founding_and_the_Sputnik_crisis">Founding and the Sputnik crisis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Founding and the Sputnik crisis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Founding and the Sputnik crisis"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NASA was preceded by the "<a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics</a>" (NACA). NACA was a US federal agency founded on March 3, 1915 to undertake, promote, and institutionalize <a href="/wiki/Aeronautics" title="Aeronautics">aeronautical</a> research. On October 1, 1958 the agency was dissolved, and its assets and personnel transferred to the newly created National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).<sup id="cite_ref-erickson_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erickson-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA was founded to compete with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Space_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Space race">space race</a>. In the 1950s and 1960s there was a space race between the <a href="/wiki/US" class="mw-redirect" title="US">US</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> - now called <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. The Soviets started first launching <a href="/wiki/Sputnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Sputnik">Sputnik 1</a>, the first object made by people to go into <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbit</a>, in October 1957. The Americans were worried by this. It caused a <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/crisis" class="extiw" title="wikt:crisis">crisis</a> known as the Sputnik Crisis as the Americans feared the Russians might start building weapons in space. This all happened at a time called the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> when the US and the Soviet Union were always very close to <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Space_flight_programs">Space flight programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Space flight programs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Space flight programs"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Project_Mercury_(1958–1963)"><span id="Project_Mercury_.281958.E2.80.931963.29"></span>Project Mercury (1958–1963)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Project Mercury (1958–1963)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Project Mercury (1958–1963)"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenn62.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Glenn62.jpg/220px-Glenn62.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Glenn62.jpg/330px-Glenn62.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Glenn62.jpg/440px-Glenn62.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4524" data-file-height="3425" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a> on Friendship 7: first US flight to <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbit</a>, 1962</figcaption></figure> <p>Originally NASA was very small with only four <a href="/wiki/Laboratory" title="Laboratory">laboratories</a> and around eighty people working there. <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer">engineers</a> and scientists led by <a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a> helped them build <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">rockets</a>. They had helped build the <a href="/wiki/V-2" title="V-2">V-2</a> missile in Germany during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Redstone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redstone (not yet started)">Redstone</a> missile for the <a href="/wiki/US_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army">US Army</a> afterwards. Their Army missile laboratory was transferred to NASA. </p><p>In 1960 they set up the Mercury project. The Mercury Project <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">space missions</a> were designed by NASA, mostly to test if <a href="/wiki/Humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Humans">humans</a> could survive in <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">space</a>. After they proved it was possible for people to live in space they moved on. </p><p>On May 15th 1961 astronaut <a href="/wiki/Alan_Shepard" title="Alan Shepard">Alan Shepard</a> became the first American in space. Less than a year later, <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a> became the first American to <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbit</a> or circle the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>. He did so in a <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a> called Friendship 7. Once the Mercury Project proved that humans could live in space, the Gemini Project was started. Less than a year after it began, the Apollo Program also began. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Project_Gemini_(1961–1966)"><span id="Project_Gemini_.281961.E2.80.931966.29"></span>Project Gemini (1961–1966)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Project Gemini (1961–1966)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Project Gemini (1961–1966)"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ed_White_performs_first_U.S._spacewalk_-_GPN-2006-000025-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ed_White_performs_first_U.S._spacewalk_-_GPN-2006-000025-crop.jpg/220px-Ed_White_performs_first_U.S._spacewalk_-_GPN-2006-000025-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ed_White_performs_first_U.S._spacewalk_-_GPN-2006-000025-crop.jpg/330px-Ed_White_performs_first_U.S._spacewalk_-_GPN-2006-000025-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ed_White_performs_first_U.S._spacewalk_-_GPN-2006-000025-crop.jpg/440px-Ed_White_performs_first_U.S._spacewalk_-_GPN-2006-000025-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3802" data-file-height="3085" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ed_White_(astronaut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed White (astronaut)">Ed White</a> on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gemini_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gemini 4 (not yet started)">Gemini 4</a>: first US <a href="/wiki/Spacewalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacewalk">spacewalk</a>, 1965</figcaption></figure> <p>After the success of Mercury, NASA realized it had to start planning for its missions to <a href="/wiki/The_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moon">the Moon</a>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gemini_(spacecraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gemini (spacecraft) (not yet started)">Gemini</a> <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a> was built for two men. It was still small and <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/cramp" class="extiw" title="wikt:cramp">cramped</a> similar to the Mercury capsule, but allowed for more freedom of movement. Project Gemini proved that two spacecraft could rendezvous (meet and dock) in space. <a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a>, the first man on <a href="/wiki/The_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moon">the Moon</a>, was also on the first Gemini flight to dock with another spacecraft in outer space. The Gemini spacecraft did not dock with another spacecraft with people in it. Instead, it docked with a modified rocket stage called the "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Agena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agena (not yet started)">Agena</a> Target Vehicle". The last few Gemini missions were science experiments and <a href="/wiki/Spacewalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacewalk">spacewalks</a> designed to prepare for the Apollo Program, which would land human beings on <a href="/wiki/The_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moon">the Moon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apollo_program_(1961–1972)"><span id="Apollo_program_.281961.E2.80.931972.29"></span>Apollo program (1961–1972)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Apollo program (1961–1972)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Apollo program (1961–1972)"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg/220px-Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg/330px-Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg/440px-Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2349" data-file-height="1714" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a>: <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>, 1969</figcaption></figure> <p>The Apollo program was started by <a href="/wiki/US_President" class="mw-redirect" title="US President">President</a> <a href="/wiki/John_F_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="John F Kennedy">John F Kennedy</a> in the 1960s. The program was made of 16 missions designed to send a man to <a href="/wiki/The_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moon">the Moon</a> and return him safely back to <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>. The first Apollo mission, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_1" title="Apollo 1">Apollo 1</a>, ended in disaster when a <a href="/wiki/Fire" title="Fire">fire</a> in the command module killed all the astronauts on board.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">10</a> missions went to the moon. They tested equipment and took <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photos</a> but did not land. </p><p>The project's main success came in 1969 when <a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a> landed on the Moon as part of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a>. The mission was a big success for NASA and over six million people watched it worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Apollo 11, six more Apollo flights went to the moon. Five of them landed. The one that did not land, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a>, had to abort its mission when an <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> tank exploded in the spaceship. <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a> was the last mission to land on <a href="/wiki/The_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moon">the Moon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skylab_(1965–1979)"><span id="Skylab_.281965.E2.80.931979.29"></span>Skylab (1965–1979)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Skylab (1965–1979)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Skylab (1965–1979)"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skylab_(SL-4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Skylab_%28SL-4%29.jpg/220px-Skylab_%28SL-4%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Skylab_%28SL-4%29.jpg/330px-Skylab_%28SL-4%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Skylab_%28SL-4%29.jpg/440px-Skylab_%28SL-4%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1576" /></a><figcaption>Skylab in 1974, as seen from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skylab_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skylab 4 (not yet started)">Skylab 4</a> <a href="/wiki/CSM" class="mw-redirect" title="CSM">CSM</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Congress" title="Congress">Congress</a> stopped the Moon landings, NASA needed a new direction. Using a leftover <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a> rocket, the giant rocket that sent men to <a href="/wiki/The_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moon">the Moon</a>, they created a space station that orbited above the Earth. This space station was called Skylab. Skylab was very big on the inside, even bigger than a small house. Skylab was visited by Apollo spacecrafts. There were three missions to Skylab. Each of them carried important experiments. The last crewed mission, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skylab_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skylab 4 (not yet started)">Skylab 4</a>, spent 84 days, 1 hour, 15 minutes, 30 seconds, longer than any space mission had spent until 1977. Skylab broke up in the atmosphere in 1979. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apollo–Soyuz_Test_Project_(1972–1975)"><span id="Apollo.E2.80.93Soyuz_Test_Project_.281972.E2.80.931975.29"></span>Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (1972–1975)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (1972–1975)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (1972–1975)"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_ASTP_crews_-_restoration-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Portrait_of_ASTP_crews_-_restoration-crop.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_ASTP_crews_-_restoration-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Portrait_of_ASTP_crews_-_restoration-crop.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_ASTP_crews_-_restoration-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Portrait_of_ASTP_crews_-_restoration-crop.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_ASTP_crews_-_restoration-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="991" /></a><figcaption>Soviet and American crews with Apollo–Soyuz model, 1975</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a>, the Soviets had designed their own spacecraft to fly to <a href="/wiki/The_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moon">the Moon</a>. Their spacecraft was called <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz</a>. The Soviets never landed on the Moon, they had too many problems.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, they started creating small space stations. The Soyuz spacecraft is what they used to go to these space stations. US and Soviet Union were part of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. In order to make peace between Soviet Union and US, they decided they would dock an Apollo spacecraft to a Soyuz spacecraft in space. After docking, the crews performed experiments and learned about each other's cultures. Apollo–Soyuz was the last flight of the Apollo spacecraft. It has never been used since, and as of 2020, there are no plans for it to be used again. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Space_Shuttle_program_(1972–2011)"><span id="Space_Shuttle_program_.281972.E2.80.932011.29"></span>Space Shuttle program (1972–2011)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Space Shuttle program (1972–2011)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Space Shuttle program (1972–2011)"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shuttle-a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Shuttle-a.jpg/220px-Shuttle-a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Shuttle-a.jpg/330px-Shuttle-a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Shuttle-a.jpg/440px-Shuttle-a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="806" /></a><figcaption>A Space Shuttle taking off</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">1980s</a> and <a href="/wiki/1990s" title="1990s">1990s</a> NASA began to concentrate on building <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttles</a>. Four Shuttles were built in 1985. The first to launch was the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia">Space Shuttle Columbia</a> on April 12, 1981. At this time the public began to lose interest in the space program and NASA faced <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budget_cut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budget cut (not yet started)">budget cuts</a>. They had planned for the Space Shuttles to cost less as they could be used more than once. But eventually it turned out the Space Shuttles were more expensive as building them in the first place cost more money than normal. There were further problems for NASA after the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Space Shuttle Challenger</a> disintegrated in flight in 1986, killing all seven of its astronauts. The incident is known as the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_Disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster">Challenger Disaster</a>. </p><p>The Challenger Disaster forced NASA to think about the way they worked. The entire Space Shuttle fleet was suspended for a year.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that, NASA launched the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> into orbit. Its most famous photo was the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Deep_Field" title="Hubble Deep Field">Hubble Deep Field</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, NASA shut down the Space Shuttle program. They were more expensive to use than other launch vehicles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Space_Station_(1993–present)"><span id="International_Space_Station_.281993.E2.80.93present.29"></span>International Space Station (1993–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: International Space Station (1993–present)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: International Space Station (1993–present)"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISS-56_International_Space_Station_fly-around_(04).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/ISS-56_International_Space_Station_fly-around_%2804%29.jpg/220px-ISS-56_International_Space_Station_fly-around_%2804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/ISS-56_International_Space_Station_fly-around_%2804%29.jpg/330px-ISS-56_International_Space_Station_fly-around_%2804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/ISS-56_International_Space_Station_fly-around_%2804%29.jpg/440px-ISS-56_International_Space_Station_fly-around_%2804%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>International Space Station, as seen by a <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz spacecraft">Soyuz spacecraft</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1980s, NASA planned Space Station Freedom as a <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/counterpart" class="extiw" title="wikt:counterpart">counterpart</a> to the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Salyut" title="Salyut">Salyut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a> space stations. It never left the drawing board and, with the end of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, it was cancelled. The end of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a> prompted the U.S. administration officials to start negotiations with international partners Europe, Russia, Japan and Canada in the early 1990s in order to build the International Space Station. This project was first announced in 1993 and was called Space Station Alpha.<sup id="cite_ref-gao_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gao-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was planned to combine the proposed space stations of all participating space agencies: NASA's Space Station Freedom, Russia's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mir-2 (not yet started)">Mir-2</a> (the successor to the Mir Space Station, the core of which is now Zvezda) and ESA's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_(ISS_module)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Columbus (ISS module) (not yet started)">Columbus</a> that was planned to be a stand-alone spacelab. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Curiosity_rover_(2011–present)"><span id="Curiosity_rover_.282011.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Curiosity rover (2011–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Curiosity rover (2011–present)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Curiosity rover (2011–present)"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curiosity_(rover)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curiosity (rover) (not yet started)">Curiosity (rover)</a></div> <p><i>Curiosity</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Car" class="mw-redirect" title="Car">car</a>-sized <a href="/wiki/Rover_(space_exploration)" title="Rover (space exploration)">rover</a>. It was made to <a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">explore</a> the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gale_(crater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gale (crater) (not yet started)">crater Gale</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>. <i>Curiosity</i> was launched from <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station">Cape Canaveral</a> on November 26, 2011, at 15:02 UTC and landed on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeolis_Palus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aeolis Palus (not yet started)">Aeolis Palus</a> inside Gale on Mars on August 6, 2012, 05:17 UTC. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bradbury_Landing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bradbury Landing (not yet started)">Bradbury Landing</a> site was less than 2.4 kilometres (1.5 miles) from where the rover landed after a 560 million kilometres (350 million miles) journey. The goals of the rover include an <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/investigation" class="extiw" title="wikt:investigation">investigation</a> of the Martian <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artemis_program">Artemis program</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Artemis program" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Artemis program"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis program</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Artemis_1" title="Artemis 1">Artemis 1</a> was a flight that landed in December 2022. The flight was to test the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orion_Space_Capsule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orion Space Capsule (not yet started)">Orion Space Capsule</a> for Artemis missions in the future. (See <a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion (spacecraft)</a>.) Artemis missions are later supposed to have <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronauts</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peregrine_Mission_One">Peregrine Mission One</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: Peregrine Mission One" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Peregrine Mission One"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a> was launched in January 2024. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NASA's_future"><span id="NASA.27s_future"></span>NASA's future</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: NASA's future" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: NASA's future"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_2_Crew_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Artemis_2_Crew_Portrait.jpg/220px-Artemis_2_Crew_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Artemis_2_Crew_Portrait.jpg/330px-Artemis_2_Crew_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Artemis_2_Crew_Portrait.jpg/440px-Artemis_2_Crew_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5878" data-file-height="7348" /></a><figcaption>The choice of astronauts for Artemis 2</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis program</a></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Artemis_2" title="Artemis 2">Artemis 2</a> mission, is <a href="/wiki/Schedule" title="Schedule">scheduled</a> to launch in 2025's third quarter. The spaceship is supposed to do a <a href="/wiki/Flyby_(spaceflight)" title="Flyby (spaceflight)">flyby</a> of the Moon. The choice of astronauts (as of 2024's second quarter) <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_R._Wiseman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory R. Wiseman (not yet started)">Gregory R. Wiseman</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Victor_J._Glover" title="Victor J. Glover">Victor J. Glover</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christina_Koch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christina Koch (not yet started)">Christina Koch</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremy_Hansen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeremy Hansen (not yet started)">Jeremy Hansen</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis 3">Artemis 3</a>, it is supposed to land a crew on the Moon. The mission depends on a support mission to put a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Starship_Human_Landing_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starship Human Landing System (not yet started)">Starship Human Landing System</a> (HLS) in place in a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-rectilinear_halo_orbit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-rectilinear halo orbit (not yet started)">near-rectilinear halo orbit</a> of the Moon. The <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS</a> with <a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion (spacecraft)</a> will be part of Artemis 3.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artemis 4 (not yet started)">Artemis 4</a>, it is supposed to land a crew on the Moon, no earlier than September 2028.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artemis 5 (not yet started)">Artemis 5</a>, it is supposed to land a crew on the Moon, no earlier than September 2029. "<a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a> [...] was chosen [... in 2023] to develop the landing system for Artemis" 5.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><br /> In early 2010, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> cancelled the Constellation project that was aiming to have humans return to the moon's surface by 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-obama_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obama-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said the project was "behind schedule and <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/lack" class="extiw" title="wikt:lack">lacking</a> in <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/innovation" class="extiw" title="wikt:innovation">innovation</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-obama_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obama-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time he cut back the amount of money NASA will be getting from the government in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lunar_Orbital_Platform-Gateway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lunar_Orbital_Platform-Gateway.jpg/220px-Lunar_Orbital_Platform-Gateway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lunar_Orbital_Platform-Gateway.jpg/330px-Lunar_Orbital_Platform-Gateway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lunar_Orbital_Platform-Gateway.jpg/440px-Lunar_Orbital_Platform-Gateway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>An artist's picture of a future <a href="/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station">space station</a> on the Moon. NASA called it a "Lunar Gateway"</figcaption></figure> <p>When President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> did this, he also worked with NASA to create the <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a>. This, with commercial launch vehicles (<a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a> that are not owned by NASA), will take humans to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> In 2069, NASA plans to send a <a href="/wiki/Space_probe" title="Space probe">space probe</a> to <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Centauri" title="Alpha Centauri">Alpha Centauri</a>, the closest star system to the Sun. The proposed launch would be on the 100th anniversary of the first Moon landing, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a>.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://steemit.com/technology/@alexanderrigov/nasa-is-already-planning-a-mission-to-alpha-centauri-but-do-not-expect-it-anytime-soon">[1]</a> </p><p>NASA is continuing operations include missions to the <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planets</a> <a href="/wiki/Mars_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars (planet)">Mars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturn (planet)">Saturn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a>. Missions to <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (planet)">Jupiter</a> are also planned for the future.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NASA_Missions">NASA Missions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Change section: NASA Missions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: NASA Missions"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voyager_spacecraft_model.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Voyager_spacecraft_model.png/220px-Voyager_spacecraft_model.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Voyager_spacecraft_model.png/330px-Voyager_spacecraft_model.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Voyager_spacecraft_model.png/440px-Voyager_spacecraft_model.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1233" /></a><figcaption>Voyager spacecraft</figcaption></figure> <p>NASA has launched over 500 missions. Over 150 missions had <a href="/wiki/Humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Humans">humans</a> on board. Such <i>manned</i> missions are the most expensive and make the most news but the majority of launches are for <a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">space exploration</a>, science, and other purposes that do not need people. NASA <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Cassini-Huygens" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassini-Huygens">Cassini-Huygens</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager program</a> have visited every <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>. Four NASA spacecraft have left the Solar System, <a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a>, while the fifth, a <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons spacecraft</a> is estimated to exit the solar system by 2048. As of 2022 Voyager 1 is 23,447,000,000 (23.4 billion) <a href="/wiki/Kilometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilometer">kilometers</a> away from <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a> was at a distance 19,474,000,000 (19.4 billion) kilometres away from Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a> flew past <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (planet)">Jupiter</a> in February 2007, studying some of the planet's <a href="/wiki/Satellite_(natural)" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite (natural)">moons</a>. On July 14, 2015 the craft flew by Pluto, took high resolution pictures of the planet's surface and analysed the <a href="/wiki/Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical">chemical</a> properties of its <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_of_the_metric_system">Use of the metric system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Change section: Use of the metric system" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Use of the metric system"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like other scientific organizations, NASA conducts most of its measurements in the international system (<a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">metric system</a>). This is partially due to federal law requiring that most US government programs be done in the international system. In the 1980s, NASA transitioned to the metric system, but was still using US customary \ imperial units into the 1990s. In September 1999, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mixup (not yet started)">mixup</a> (or mistake) between imperial and metric units resulted in the loss of the <a href="/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter" title="Mars Climate Orbiter">Mars Climate Orbiter</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)">Perseverance (rover)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrators_and_Deputy_Administrators_of_NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrators and Deputy Administrators of NASA">Administrators and Deputy Administrators of NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station">Cape Canaveral Air Force Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Change section: Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Notes"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-independent_agency-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-independent_agency_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">NASA is an independent agency that is not a part of any <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">executive department</a>. However, it reports directly to the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724317"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CentNACA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CentNACA_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centennialofflight.net/essay/Evolution_of_Technology/NACA/Tech1.htm">US Centennial of Flight Commission, NACA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140220005256/http://www.centennialofflight.net/essay/Evolution_of_Technology/NACA/Tech1.htm">Archived</a> February 20, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. centennialofflight.net. Retrieved on November 3, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-motto-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-motto_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-motto_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLale_TaylaFigen_Bingul2007" class="citation web cs1">Lale Tayla & Figen Bingul (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lightmillennium.org/2004_newyear/gokoglu_nasa_stands_forall.html">"NASA stands 'for the benefit of all.'—Interview with NASA's Dr. Süleyman Gokoglu"</a>. <i>The Light Millennium</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012193203/http://lightmillennium.org/2004_newyear/gokoglu_nasa_stands_forall.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Light+Millennium&rft.atitle=NASA+stands+%27for+the+benefit+of+all.%27%E2%80%94Interview+with+NASA%27s+Dr.+S%C3%BCleyman+Gokoglu&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Lale+Tayla&rft.au=Figen+Bingul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lightmillennium.org%2F2004_newyear%2Fgokoglu_nasa_stands_forall.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wicn.nssc.nasa.gov/c10/cgi-bin/cognosisapi.dll?b_action=powerPlayService&m_encoding=UTF-8&BZ=1AAABgNNr_f942m2PQWuDQBCF~8yOaS9hdlTUgwd1DRHamEahZ6NjCTFuUFOaf981KYTSzu7wHm__gV2ryJdFme~STIXjpAfO1BMQHSShS5TK2I89x~NXsYt24AfKd4Mg8mLHMM~WvJtGu2S9jcp1CLSqdT9xPxnX6q7hAdwYHOyrE4OtFttBt4eOgTC57HlcgKsMea7qY~XBv9F3PRxbPdQz~LM245YqkmWSbzZpUmZGotc0~Ae14rewRRQSEaVEIQQKFwWhmI8QUdcZOD2dO31lHgGDvDeBukxXI0DtPP0yP2m4MfaFq082kADygWwDsATaAwX3QD4C8afk7c7m~qBbP_obQJNj2A%3D%3D">"Workforce Profile"</a>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130214103612/http://wicn.nssc.nasa.gov/c10/cgi-bin/cognosisapi.dll?b_action=powerPlayService&m_encoding=UTF-8&BZ=1AAABgNNr_f942m2PQWuDQBCF~8yOaS9hdlTUgwd1DRHamEahZ6NjCTFuUFOaf981KYTSzu7wHm__gV2ryJdFme~STIXjpAfO1BMQHSShS5TK2I89x~NXsYt24AfKd4Mg8mLHMM~WvJtGu2S9jcp1CLSqdT9xPxnX6q7hAdwYHOyrE4OtFttBt4eOgTC57HlcgKsMea7qY~XBv9F3PRxbPdQz~LM245YqkmWSbzZpUmZGotc0~Ae14rewRRQSEaVEIQQKFwWhmI8QUdcZOD2dO31lHgGDvDeBukxXI0DtPP0yP2m4MfaFq082kADygWwDsATaAwX3QD4C8afk7c7m~qBbP_obQJNj2A%3D%3D">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Workforce+Profile&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwicn.nssc.nasa.gov%2Fc10%2Fcgi-bin%2Fcognosisapi.dll%3Fb_action%3DpowerPlayService%26m_encoding%3DUTF-8%26BZ%3D1AAABgNNr_f942m2PQWuDQBCF~8yOaS9hdlTUgwd1DRHamEahZ6NjCTFuUFOaf981KYTSzu7wHm__gV2ryJdFme~STIXjpAfO1BMQHSShS5TK2I89x~NXsYt24AfKd4Mg8mLHMM~WvJtGu2S9jcp1CLSqdT9xPxnX6q7hAdwYHOyrE4OtFttBt4eOgTC57HlcgKsMea7qY~XBv9F3PRxbPdQz~LM245YqkmWSbzZpUmZGotc0~Ae14rewRRQSEaVEIQQKFwWhmI8QUdcZOD2dO31lHgGDvDeBukxXI0DtPP0yP2m4MfaFq082kADygWwDsATaAwX3QD4C8afk7c7m~qBbP_obQJNj2A%253D%253D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCasey_Dreier2019" class="citation web cs1">Casey Dreier (February 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190216012055/http://www.planetary.org/blogs/casey-dreier/2019/0215-fy2019-nasa-gets-its-best-budget-in-decades.html">"NASA just got its best budget in a decade"</a>. <i>The Planetary Society</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/casey-dreier/2019/0215-fy2019-nasa-gets-its-best-budget-in-decades.html">the original</a> on February 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Planetary+Society&rft.atitle=NASA+just+got+its+best+budget+in+a+decade&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft.au=Casey+Dreier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetary.org%2Fblogs%2Fcasey-dreier%2F2019%2F0215-fy2019-nasa-gets-its-best-budget-in-decades.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/news/fedgov.html">"Official US Executive Branch Web Sites – Newspaper and Current Periodical Reading Room (Serial and Government Publications Division, Library of Congress)"</a>. <i>loc.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=loc.gov&rft.atitle=Official+US+Executive+Branch+Web+Sites+%E2%80%93+Newspaper+and+Current+Periodical+Reading+Room+%28Serial+and+Government+Publications+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Fnews%2Ffedgov.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160504112711/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/hqlibrary/ic/faqs.html">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <i>hq.nasa.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/hqlibrary/ic/faqs.html">the original</a> on May 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hq.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hq.nasa.gov%2Foffice%2Fhqlibrary%2Fic%2Ffaqs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-act1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-act1_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/offices/ogc/about/space_act1.html">"The National Aeronautics and Space Act"</a>. NASA. 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Act&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Foffices%2Fogc%2Fabout%2Fspace_act1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-31/nasa-s-canceled-viper-mission-and-the-search-for-moon-ice?srnd=homepage-europe">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-31/nasa-s-canceled-viper-mission-and-the-search-for-moon-ice?srnd=homepage-europe</a>. Retrieved 2024-08-01</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-erickson-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-erickson_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFErickson2005" class="citation book cs1">Erickson, Mark (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030308054904/http://aupress.au.af.mil/Books/Erickson/erickson.pdf"><i>Into the Unknown Together - The DOD, NASA, and Early Spaceflight</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58566-140-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58566-140-4"><bdi>978-1-58566-140-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aupress.au.af.mil/Books/Erickson/erickson.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 8, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Into+the+Unknown+Together+-+The+DOD%2C+NASA%2C+and+Early+Spaceflight&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-58566-140-4&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faupress.au.af.mil%2FBooks%2FErickson%2Ferickson.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190923153153/http://www.reformation.org/wernher-von-braun.html">"Wernher von Braun in SS uniform"</a>. reformation.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reformation.org/wernher-von-braun.html">the original</a> on 2019-09-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wernher+von+Braun+in+SS+uniform&rft.pub=reformation.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reformation.org%2Fwernher-von-braun.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/Apollo204/">"Apollo 1 - A history of NASA"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apollo+1+-+A+history+of+NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2FApollo204%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parkes.atnf.csiro.au/news_events/apollo11/pasa/on_eagles_wings.pdf">"Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. CSIRO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Publications+of+the+Astronomical+Society+of+Australia&rft.pub=CSIRO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parkes.atnf.csiro.au%2Fnews_events%2Fapollo11%2Fpasa%2Fon_eagles_wings.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/s/sovietlunarlanding.html">"Soviet Lunar Landing"</a>. Encyclopaedia Astronautica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Soviet+Lunar+Landing&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Astronautica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fs%2Fsovietlunarlanding.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/articles/2005/jul2005/shut-j29.shtml">"NASA Shuttle Fleet Grounded after Challenger explosion"</a>. <i>wsws.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wsws.org&rft.atitle=NASA+Shuttle+Fleet+Grounded+after+Challenger+explosion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Farticles%2F2005%2Fjul2005%2Fshut-j29.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410145115/http://www.deepastronomy.com/hubble-deep-field.html">"Hubble Deep Field - The most important image ever taken?"</a>. <i>Deep Astronomy</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deepastronomy.com/hubble-deep-field.html">the original</a> on 2008-04-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deep+Astronomy&rft.atitle=Hubble+Deep+Field+-+The+most+important+image+ever+taken%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deepastronomy.com%2Fhubble-deep-field.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gao-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gao_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFGAO1994" class="citation web cs1">GAO (June 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.gao.gov/t2pbat3/151975.pdf">"<i>Space Station: Impact of the Expanded Russian Role on Funding and Research</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. GAO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Space+Station%3A+Impact+of+the+Expanded+Russian+Role+on+Funding+and+Research&rft.pub=GAO&rft.date=1994-06&rft.au=GAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.gao.gov%2Ft2pbat3%2F151975.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nrk.no/urix/disse-fire-skal-til-manen-1.16362623">https://www.nrk.no/urix/disse-fire-skal-til-manen-1.16362623</a>. <a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a>.no. Retrieved 2023-04-03</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.proactiveinvestors.com/companies/news/1015588/blue-origin-scores-3-4b-nasa-contract-for-artemis-v-moon-landing-1015588.html">https://www.proactiveinvestors.com/companies/news/1015588/blue-origin-scores-3-4b-nasa-contract-for-artemis-v-moon-landing-1015588.html</a>. Retrieved 2023-05-19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obama-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-obama_20-0">19.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-obama_20-1">19.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8489097.stm">"Obama cancels space program"</a>. BBC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Obama+cancels+space+program&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fsci%2Ftech%2F8489097.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/editorial/outlook/6854790.html">"Slashed NASA budget leaves the US no longer a space leader"</a>. Chron.com. 7 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slashed+NASA+budget+leaves+the+US+no+longer+a+space+leader&rft.pub=Chron.com&rft.date=2010-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fdisp%2Fstory.mpl%2Feditorial%2Foutlook%2F6854790.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Creech2014" class="citation web cs1">Stephen Creech (April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307231643/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/Creech_SLS_Deep_Space.pdf">"NASA's Space Launch System: A Capability for Deep Space Exploration"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/Creech_SLS_Deep_Space.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA%27s+Space+Launch+System%3A+A+Capability+for+Deep+Space+Exploration&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2014-04&rft.au=Stephen+Creech&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2FCreech_SLS_Deep_Space.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190522231716/https://www.nasa.gov/topics/moon-to-mars/">"Moon to Mars | NASA"</a>. 25 June 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/topics/moon-to-mars/">the original</a> on 2019-05-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moon+to+Mars+%26%23124%3B+NASA&rft.date=2018-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ftopics%2Fmoon-to-mars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4599634.stm">"BBC Mission guide: New Horizons"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+Mission+guide%3A+New+Horizons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fsci%2Ftech%2F4599634.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSpaceflight2013" class="citation web cs1">Spaceflight, Mike Wall 2013-09-13T09:09:40Z (13 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/22783-voyager-1-interstellar-space-star-flyby.html">"Interstellar Traveler: NASA's Voyager 1 Probe On 40,000-Year Trek to Distant Star"</a>. <i>Space.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Interstellar+Traveler%3A+NASA%27s+Voyager+1+Probe+On+40%2C000-Year+Trek+to+Distant+Star&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft.aulast=Spaceflight&rft.aufirst=Mike+Wall+2013-09-13T09%3A09%3A40Z&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F22783-voyager-1-interstellar-space-star-flyby.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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