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regulation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: legal regulation"> <meta name="keywords" content="legal regulation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="legal regulation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2922</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: legal regulation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2922</span> The Legal Regulation of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing In South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amy%20Gooden">Amy Gooden</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite its prevalence, direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT) remains under-investigated in South Africa (SA), and the issue of regulation is yet to be examined. Therefore, this research maps the current legal landscape relating to DTC-GT in SA through a legal analysis of the extant law relevant to the industry and the issues associated therewith – with the intention of determining if and how DTC-GT is legally governed. This research analyses: whether consumers are legally permitted to collect their saliva; whether DTC-GT are medical devices; licensing, registering, and advertising; importing and exporting; and genetic research conducted by companies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct-to-consumer%20genetic%20testing" title="direct-to-consumer genetic testing">direct-to-consumer genetic testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20testing" title=" genetic testing"> genetic testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title=" law"> law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation" title=" regulation"> regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Africa" title=" South Africa"> South Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153430/the-legal-regulation-of-direct-to-consumer-genetic-testing-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2921</span> Problems concerning Legal Regulation of Electronic Governance in Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giga%20Phartenadze">Giga Phartenadze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the legal framework of regulation of electronic governance, those norms are considered which include measures for improvement of functions of public institutions and a complex of actions for raising their standard such as websites of public institutions, online services, some forms of internet interactions and higher level of internet services. An important legal basis for electronic governance in Georgia is Georgian Law about Electronic Communications which defines legal and economic basis for utilizing electronic communication systems in Georgia. As for single electronic basis for e-governance regulation, it can be said that it does not exist at all. The official websites of public institutions do not have standards for proactive spreading of information. At the same time, there is no common legal norm which would make all public institutions have an official website for public relations, accountability, publicity, and raising information quality. Electronic governance in Georgia needs comprehensive legal regulation. Public administration in electronic form is on the initial stage of development. Currently existing legal basis has a low quality for public institutions and officials as well as citizens and business. Services of e-involvement and e-consultation have also low quality. So far there is no established legal framework for e-governance. Therefore, a single legislative system of e-governance should be created which will help develop effective, comprehensive and multi component electronic systems in the country (central, regional, local levels). Such comprehensive legal framework will provide relevant technological, institutional, and informational conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title="law">law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-government" title=" e-government"> e-government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20administration" title=" public administration"> public administration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgia" title=" Georgia"> Georgia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41634/problems-concerning-legal-regulation-of-electronic-governance-in-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2920</span> EU Regulation 868/04: Report of a Unilateral Approach on Unfair Subsidisation and Unfair Pricing Practices and Its Failure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Trimarchi">Andrea Trimarchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is designed to provide a comprehensive overview on the EU Regulation No. 868/2004 concerning protection against subsidisation and unfair pricing practices regarding non-EU carriers and causing injury to Community air carriers. The analysis will focus, at first, on the exegetical scrutiny of the legal categories encompassed by the Regulation. In addition to that, while considering the peculiarities of such legal instrument, the attention will be addressed on the assessment on its effectiveness. The Regulation, indeed, having received lots of criticism, is in need of a profound revision. In this context, the present work will try to take into account the policy alternatives. In light of the failure of Regulation 868, which is to be seen as the expression of a unilateral and regional approach, there would seem to be the necessity for the aviation sector to reconsider the topic of subsidisation and unfair pricing practices in a more international oriented manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-EU%20airlines" title="non-EU airlines">non-EU airlines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aviation" title=" aviation"> aviation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subisidisation" title=" subisidisation"> subisidisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unfair" title=" unfair"> unfair</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52130/eu-regulation-86804-report-of-a-unilateral-approach-on-unfair-subsidisation-and-unfair-pricing-practices-and-its-failure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2919</span> The Impact of Corporate Governance Regulation in the Nigerian Banking Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simisola%20I.%20Akintoye">Simisola I. Akintoye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunday%20K.%20Iyaniwura"> Sunday K. Iyaniwura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent global corporate failures have called for increase in the need to regulate corporate governance across the world. In Nigeria, the impact of corporate governance regulation in the banking sector has reached epidemic levels contributing to the country’s economic depression. This study critically evaluates Nigeria’s corporate governance regime and explores how weak regulation has impacted on the banking sector. By adopting a socio legal methodology, the study analyses both theoretical and empirical works from a socio-scientific point of view to examine the role of Nigeria’s legal, cultural and social arrangements in corporate governance regulation. The study reveals that Nigeria’s institutional arrangement has contributed to its weak system of corporate governance regulation with adverse effects on the banking sector. The research mainly impacts on current global corporate governance literature in sub-Saharan Africa by contributing to knowledge of the peculiarities of corporate governance regulation in different institutional jurisdictions. The particular focus on emerging economies such as Nigeria expands on the need for countries to develop a bespoke system of corporate governance regulation that takes into consideration the peculiarities of individual countries devoid of external influence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banks" title="banks">banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title=" corporate governance"> corporate governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emerging%20economies" title=" emerging economies"> emerging economies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66303/the-impact-of-corporate-governance-regulation-in-the-nigerian-banking-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2918</span> Biodiversity and Biotechnology: Some Considerations about the International Regulation of Agriculture and the International Legal System on Access to Genetic Resources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leandro%20Moura%20da%20Silva">Leandro Moura da Silva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The international community has strived to create legal mechanisms to protect their biodiversity, but this can represent, sometimes, particularly in the case of regulatory regime on access to genetic resources, an excessive nationalism which transforms itself into a significant obstacle to scientific progress causing damages to the country and to local farmers. Although it has been poorly publicized in the media, the international legal system was marked, in 2014, by the entry into force of the Nagoya Protocol, which regulates the access and benefit sharing of genetic resources of the States Party to that legal instrument. However, it’s not reasonable to think of regulating access to genetic resources without reflecting on the links of this important subject with other related issues, such as family farming and agribusiness, food safety, food security, intellectual property rights (on seeds, genetic material, new plant varieties, etc.), environmental sustainability, biodiversity, and biosafety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title="international law">international law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation%20on%20agriculture" title=" regulation on agriculture"> regulation on agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agronomy%20techniques" title=" agronomy techniques"> agronomy techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20resources%20and%20new%20crop%20varieties" title=" genetic resources and new crop varieties"> genetic resources and new crop varieties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBD" title=" CBD"> CBD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagoya%20Protocol" title=" Nagoya Protocol"> Nagoya Protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITPGRFA" title=" ITPGRFA"> ITPGRFA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34512/biodiversity-and-biotechnology-some-considerations-about-the-international-regulation-of-agriculture-and-the-international-legal-system-on-access-to-genetic-resources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">502</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2917</span> Legal Regulations for the Environmental Pollution of Multinational Corporations in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Rui">Zhang Rui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multinational corporations have significantly increased their investment in China due to their strong economic strength and advanced production technology. On the one hand, this has promoted the development of China's economy, created a large amount of tax revenue for China's finance, and brought huge economic benefits to China's economic development. On the other hand, it has also consumed huge resources in China and even caused serious environmental damage, which has attracted widespread attention from all sectors of society to the environmental violations committed by multinational corporations in China. Due to the incomplete legal regulation of environmental responsibility of multinational corporations in China, there are legal gaps that provide convenient conditions for them to transfer pollution. These multinational corporations in China will take advantage of the loopholes in Chinese laws and even achieve "zero pollution" in their home country's environmental protection, but their branches in China only meet the minimum standards stipulated by Chinese environmental protection laws. Therefore, the differential treatment of environmental protection by multinational corporations urgently needs to be regulated from a legal perspective in China to promote the balance and harmony between ecological environment protection and economic development. At present, the environmental pollution caused by multinational corporations in China has received widespread attention from Chinese scholars. Through research on the environmental pollution and legal aspects of multinational corporations in China, it not only helps to enrich the theoretical research results of environmental pollution and legal regulation of multinational corporations in China, but also promotes the continuous improvement of the relevant legal system for environmental pollution caused by multinational corporations in China, so as to effectively regulate the environmental pollution caused by multinational corporations in China in practice, and provide legal basis for the governance of environmental violations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title="international law">international law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20law" title=" environmental law"> environmental law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20corporations" title=" multinational corporations"> multinational corporations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jurisdiction" title=" jurisdiction"> jurisdiction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193085/legal-regulations-for-the-environmental-pollution-of-multinational-corporations-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2916</span> Impact of Regulation on Trading in Financial Derivatives in Europe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Florianov%C3%A1">H. Florianová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Ne%C5%A1leha"> J. Nešleha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Financial derivatives are considered to be risky investment instruments which could possibly bring another financial crisis. As prevention, European Union and its member states have released new legal acts adjusting this area of law in recent years. There have been several cases in history of capital markets worldwide where it was shown that legislature may affect behavior of subjects on capital markets. In our paper we analyze main events on selected European stock exchanges in order to apply them on three chosen markets - Czech capital market represented by Prague Stock Exchange, German capital market represented by Deutsche Börse and Polish capital market represented by Warsaw Stock Exchange. We follow time series of development of the sum of listed derivatives on these three stock exchanges in order to evaluate popularity of those exchanges. Afterwards we compare newly listed derivatives in relation to the speed of development of these exchanges. We also make a comparison between trends in derivatives and shares development. We explain how a legal regulation may affect situation on capital markets. If the regulation is too strict, potential investors or traders are not willing to undertake it and move to other markets. On the other hand, if the regulation is too vague, trading scandals occur and the market is not reliable from the prospect of potential investors or issuers. We see that making the regulation stricter usually discourages subjects to stay on the market immediately although making the regulation vaguer to interest more subjects is usually much slower process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20markets" title="capital markets">capital markets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20derivatives" title=" financial derivatives"> financial derivatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investors%27%20behavior" title=" investors' behavior"> investors' behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation" title=" regulation"> regulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60375/impact-of-regulation-on-trading-in-financial-derivatives-in-europe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2915</span> Exploring the Intersection Between the General Data Protection Regulation and the Artificial Intelligence Act</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20J%C4%99drzejczak">Maria Jędrzejczak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patryk%20Pieni%C4%85%C5%BCek"> Patryk Pieniążek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The European legal reality is on the eve of significant change. In European Union law, there is talk of a “fourth industrial revolution”, which is driven by massive data resources linked to powerful algorithms and powerful computing capacity. The above is closely linked to technological developments in the area of artificial intelligence, which has prompted an analysis covering both the legal environment as well as the economic and social impact, also from an ethical perspective. The discussion on the regulation of artificial intelligence is one of the most serious yet widely held at both European Union and Member State level. The literature expects legal solutions to guarantee security for fundamental rights, including privacy, in artificial intelligence systems. There is no doubt that personal data have been increasingly processed in recent years. It would be impossible for artificial intelligence to function without processing large amounts of data (both personal and non-personal). The main driving force behind the current development of artificial intelligence is advances in computing, but also the increasing availability of data. High-quality data are crucial to the effectiveness of many artificial intelligence systems, particularly when using techniques involving model training. The use of computers and artificial intelligence technology allows for an increase in the speed and efficiency of the actions taken, but also creates security risks for the data processed of an unprecedented magnitude. The proposed regulation in the field of artificial intelligence requires analysis in terms of its impact on the regulation on personal data protection. It is necessary to determine what the mutual relationship between these regulations is and what areas are particularly important in the personal data protection regulation for processing personal data in artificial intelligence systems. The adopted axis of considerations is a preliminary assessment of two issues: 1) what principles of data protection should be applied in particular during processing personal data in artificial intelligence systems, 2) what regulation on liability for personal data breaches is in such systems. The need to change the regulations regarding the rights and obligations of data subjects and entities processing personal data cannot be excluded. It is possible that changes will be required in the provisions regarding the assignment of liability for a breach of personal data protection processed in artificial intelligence systems. The research process in this case concerns the identification of areas in the field of personal data protection that are particularly important (and may require re-regulation) due to the introduction of the proposed legal regulation regarding artificial intelligence. The main question that the authors want to answer is how the European Union regulation against data protection breaches in artificial intelligence systems is shaping up. The answer to this question will include examples to illustrate the practical implications of these legal regulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20protection%20law" title="data protection law">data protection law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20data" title=" personal data"> personal data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI%20law" title=" AI law"> AI law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20data%20breach" title=" personal data breach"> personal data breach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185310/exploring-the-intersection-between-the-general-data-protection-regulation-and-the-artificial-intelligence-act" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2914</span> Regulating Information Asymmetries at Online Platforms for Short-Term Vacation Rental in European Union– Legal Conondrum Continues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vesna%20Lukovic">Vesna Lukovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Online platforms as new business models play an important role in today’s economy and the functioning of the EU’s internal market. In the travel industry, algorithms used by online platforms for short-stay accommodation provide suggestions and price information to travelers. Those suggestions and recommendations are displayed in search results via recommendation (ranking) systems. There has been a growing consensus that the current legal framework was not sufficient to resolve problems arising from platform practices. In order to enhance the potential of the EU’s Single Market, smaller businesses should be protected, and their rights strengthened vis-à-vis large online platforms. The Regulation (EU) 2019/1150 of the European Parliament and of the Council on promoting fairness and transparency for business users of online intermediation services aims to level the playing field in that respect. This research looks at Airbnb through the lenses of this regulation. The research explores key determinants and finds that although regulation is an important step in the right direction, it is not enough. It does not entail sufficient clarity obligations that would make online platforms an intermediary service which both accommodation providers and travelers could use with ease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm" title="algorithm">algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20platforms" title=" online platforms"> online platforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ranking" title=" ranking"> ranking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumers" title=" consumers"> consumers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EU%20regulation" title=" EU regulation"> EU regulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134715/regulating-information-asymmetries-at-online-platforms-for-short-term-vacation-rental-in-european-union-legal-conondrum-continues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2913</span> Protection of Minor's Privacy in Bosnian Herzegovinian Media (Legal Regulation and Current Media Reporting)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilija%20Musa">Ilija Musa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Positive legal regulation of juvenile privacy protection, current state of showing a child in BH media and possibilities of a child’s privacy protection by more adequate media legislature which should be arranged in accordance to recommendations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Privacy of the minors in Bosnian-Herzegovinian media is insufficiently legally arranged. Due to the fact that there is no law on media area arrangement at the state level, electronic media are under jurisdiction of Communications regulatory agency, which at least partially, regulated the sector of radio and television broadcasting by adequate protection of child’s privacy. However, print and online media are under jurisdiction of non-governmental association Print and online media council in B&H which is not authorized to punish violators of this body’s Codex, what points out the necessity of passing the unique media law which would enable sanctioning the child’s privacy violation. The analysis of media content, which is a common violation of the child's privacy, analysis of positive legislation which regulates the media, confirmed the working hypothesis by which the minor’s protection policy in BH media is not protected at the appropriate level. Taking this into consideration, in the conclusion of this article the author gives recommendations for the regulation of legal protection of minor’s privacy in BH media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title=" media"> media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legislation" title=" legislation"> legislation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privacy%20protection" title=" privacy protection"> privacy protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bosnia%20Herzegovina" title=" Bosnia Herzegovina"> Bosnia Herzegovina</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31179/protection-of-minors-privacy-in-bosnian-herzegovinian-media-legal-regulation-and-current-media-reporting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2912</span> Lease Contract: Concept and Types, Comparative Legal Analysis Between Bulgarian Legislation and European Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veselin%20Konstantinov%20Hristov">Veselin Konstantinov Hristov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the lease contract has become more and more applicable and occupies a key place in commercial relations and business. In Bulgaria, the legal regulation of the leasing contract is relatively new and imperfectly developed. There are many legal loopholes and it is they that determine the need for a comparative legal analysis. The purpose of the study is to analyze the various European legislations regarding the leasing contract and to find effective solutions for the legal system of Bulgaria. First of all, are examined the concept of the leasing contract, which originated in the United States of America around the 1950s and spread in Europe, and the etymology of the term "leasing". After that, the main types of lease contracts – financial and operational – are examined and analyzed in detail. Their features and characteristics were studied, as well as a comparative analysis was made between them. Next, in the research, a comparative-legal analysis of the leasing contract in different European countries was made in terms of its development and distribution, as well as its legal characteristics. The mechanism of action and functioning of the leasing contract in several European countries is analyzed. Conclusions are made regarding the legal framework under which the lease contract is most effective. Types of leasing contracts specific only to certain European countries and their advantages are examined. In conclusion, recommendations are made to improve the legal framework of the leasing contract in Bulgaria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20financing" title="alternative financing">alternative financing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leasing%20contract" title=" leasing contract"> leasing contract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financing%20instruments" title=" financing instruments"> financing instruments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167808/lease-contract-concept-and-types-comparative-legal-analysis-between-bulgarian-legislation-and-european-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2911</span> Navigating the Legal Seas: The Freedom to Choose Applicable Law in Tort</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Vora%20%28Hoxha%29">Sara Vora (Hoxha)</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An essential feature of any international lawsuit is the ability of the parties to pick the law that would apply in the event of a tort claim. This option to choose the law to use in tort cases is based on Article 14 and 4/3 of the Rome II Regulation. The purpose of this article is to examine the boundaries of this freedom, as well as its relevance in international legal disputes. The article opens with a brief introduction to the basics of tort law. After a short introduction, the article demonstrates why Article 14 and 4/3 of the Rome II Regulation are so crucial to the right to select appropriate law in tort cases. The notion of the right to select the law to use in tort cases is examined, along with its breadth and possible restrictions. The article presents case studies to demonstrate how the right to select relevant law in tort might be put into practise. Case results and the judges' rationales for their rulings are examined. The possible influence of the right to select applicable law in tort on the process of harmonisation is also explored in this study. The results are summarised and the primary research question is addressed in the last section of the paper. In conclusion, the parties' ability to pick the law that rules their dispute via the freedom to choose relevant law in tort is a crucial feature of cross-border litigation. Despite certain restrictions, this freedom is nevertheless an important part of the legal structure that governs international conflicts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applicable%20law" title="applicable law">applicable law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tort" title=" tort"> tort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rome%20II%20regulation" title=" Rome II regulation"> Rome II regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20to%20choose" title=" freedom to choose"> freedom to choose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-border%20litigation" title=" cross-border litigation"> cross-border litigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonization%20of%20tort%20law" title=" harmonization of tort law"> harmonization of tort law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165981/navigating-the-legal-seas-the-freedom-to-choose-applicable-law-in-tort" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2910</span> Regulating the Emerging Platform Economy in Ethiopia: Issues in the Ride-Hailing Platforms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nebiat%20Lemenih%20Lenger">Nebiat Lemenih Lenger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, the digital economy is evolving faster than ever in Ethiopia. Platforms that provide a ride-hailing service are growing fast in the country. The market welcomed them as they disrupt it with quality services and lower prices. This revolution is, however, not without challenges. These include cybersecurity breaches, facilitating illegal economic activities, and challenging concepts of privacy. To mitigate the risks and utilize the benefits, appropriate regulation should be introduced in the economy. By identifying legal and institutional gaps in Ethiopia`s digital economy, this research work assists the government`s effort to create a better digital economy. Moreover, this study, being a pioneer study in the area, will be an input for further studies in academia. The research employs a qualitative legal research method and analyzes various legal and policy instruments in Ethiopia in comparison with best international experiences. As this research applies a qualitative research method, a grounded theory method of data analysis is used. The research concluded that Ethiopia is far from designing appropriate legal and regulatory infrastructures. Due to the government monopoly of the sector, there is poor digital infrastructure in the country. The existing labor laws have no specific provisions on the rights and obligations of gig workers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gig%20economy" title=" gig economy"> gig economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital" title=" digital"> digital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ride-hailing" title=" ride-hailing"> ride-hailing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation" title=" regulation"> regulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168150/regulating-the-emerging-platform-economy-in-ethiopia-issues-in-the-ride-hailing-platforms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2909</span> Translation and Legal Terminology: Techniques for Coping with the Untranslatability of Legal Terms between Arabic and English</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafat%20Alwazna">Rafat Alwazna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Technical lexicon is witnessing a large upsurge in the use of new terminologies whose emergence is an inevitable result of the spread of high-quality technology, the existence of scientific paradigms and the fast growth of research in different disciplines. One important subfield of terminology is legal terminology, which forms a crucial part of legal studies, and whose translation from one legal system into another is deemed a formidable and arduous task that needs to be properly performed by legal translators. Indeed, the issue of untranslatability of legal terms, particularly between originally unrelated languages, like legal Arabic and legal English, has long been a real challenge in legal translation. It stems from the conceptual incongruency between legal terms of different legal languages, which are derived from different legal cultures and legal systems. Such conceptual asymmetry is owing to the fact that law has no universal reference and that legal language is what determines the degree of difference in conceptual correspondence. The present paper argues that although conceptual asymmetry, which is the main reason for the issue of untranslatability of legal terms, cannot be denied in legal translation, there exist certain translation techniques which, if properly adopted, would resolve the issue of untranslatability of legal terms and therefore achieve acceptable legal translation. Hence, the question of untranslatability of legal terms should no longer exist within the context of legal translation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20incongruency" title="conceptual incongruency">conceptual incongruency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Legal%20terms" title=" Legal terms"> Legal terms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20techniques" title=" translation techniques"> translation techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=untranslatability" title=" untranslatability"> untranslatability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86078/translation-and-legal-terminology-techniques-for-coping-with-the-untranslatability-of-legal-terms-between-arabic-and-english" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2908</span> The Problem of Legal Regulation of Joint Physical Custody: The Polish Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarzyna%20Kami%C5%84ska">Katarzyna Kamińska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of the work is to present the results of the studies regarding joint physical custody in the Polish legal system. The issues addressed fit into the ongoing process of modernising family law regulations and their adaptation to changing social reality in Poland. The Polish legislator now faces a dilemma: whether to introduce into Polish law a developed substantive or procedural regulation of joint physical custody and then whether it should be considered a legal presumption. Joint physical custody after divorce or separation is theoretically possible in Poland. It can either follow from the court’s independent proposal based on the assessment of the circumstances or from the parenting plan submitted by parents wishing to jointly retain full parental authority. However, joint physical custody does not result directly from the Polish Family and Guardianship Code. Therefore, there is real legal uncertainty in this matter, which leads to different treatment of citizens by the public authorities and courts. Another problem is that joint physical custody is misunderstood by the Polish courts. The main thesis of the work is that joint physical custody does not only mean the system of symmetrical child care (50/50), and the possibility to award joint physical custody will require the courts to carefully weigh the pros and cons of such an arrangement in each individual case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20physical%20custody" title="joint physical custody">joint physical custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shared%20parenting" title=" shared parenting"> shared parenting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divorce" title=" divorce"> divorce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation" title=" separation"> separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20authority" title=" parental authority"> parental authority</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176316/the-problem-of-legal-regulation-of-joint-physical-custody-the-polish-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2907</span> Designing a Legal Framework for Social Innovation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prapin%20Nuchpiam">Prapin Nuchpiam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The importance of social innovation has become increasingly significant as the process of developing effective solutions to social problems and being a force of change for people’s better quality of life. In order to promote social innovation, active collaboration between government, business organizations, and the civil society sector is needed. A proper legal framework also plays an important role in building the social innovation ecosystem. Currently, there is no specific law designed for social innovation or a so-called “social innovation law”. One of the legal frameworks for social innovation is the development of hybrid legal forms for social enterprises such as the UK’s Community Interest Company (CIC), the US’s Low-Profit Limited Liability Company (L3C) and the US’s Benefit Corporation (B-Corp), among others. This is because social enterprise is recognized as an organizational form of social innovation with its aim for social benefit goals and the achievement of financial sustainability. Nonetheless, there has been a debate over the differences and similarities between social innovation and social enterprise. Thus, social enterprise law might not fit well with social innovation, resulting in a search for a legal framework specially designed for social innovation. This paper aims to study the interrelationship between social innovation, social enterprise, and the role of law to see whether we need a specific law for social innovation. If so, what should such a legal framework look like? The paper will provide a critical analysis of innovative legal forms for social enterprise as a type of social innovation law. A proper legal framework for social innovation could help promote the sector, which could result in finding new solutions to social problems. It will also bring about a greater common understanding of the exciting development of legal scholarship in this way, which will, in turn, serve as a productive basis or direction for further research on this increasingly important topic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20innovation" title="social innovation">social innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20enterprise" title=" social enterprise"> social enterprise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20framework" title=" legal framework"> legal framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation" title=" regulation"> regulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174610/designing-a-legal-framework-for-social-innovation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2906</span> State’s Responsibility of Space Debris</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athari%20Farhani">Athari Farhani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abstract The existence of space debris is a direct implication of human activities in outer space. The amount of orbital debris resulting from human exploration and use of outer space has been steadily increasing in the history of human exploration and use of outer space, so that space debris in the responsibility of the launching state. Space debris not only hs a direct impact on environmentalpollution but can also harm and endanger the safety of human life. Despite the legal provisions governing the exploration and use of outer space, both international space law and liability convention, however, these legal provisions are only basic prinsiples, so that further thought or effort are needed, such as new international legal instruments to regulate the existence of space debris. The method used in this research is normative juridical with an approach to written legal regulation, especially international agreements related to space law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%E2%80%99s%20responsibility" title="state’s responsibility">state’s responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20debris" title=" space debris"> space debris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outerspace" title=" outerspace"> outerspace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title=" international law"> international law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167497/states-responsibility-of-space-debris" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2905</span> The Effect of Technology on Legal Securities and Privacy Issues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nancy%20Samuel%20Reyad%20Farhan">Nancy Samuel Reyad Farhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> even though international crook law has grown considerably inside the ultimate decades, it still remains fragmented and lacks doctrinal cohesiveness. Its idea is defined within the doctrine as pretty disputable. there is no concrete definition of the term. in the home doctrine, the hassle of crook law troubles that rise up within the worldwide setting, and international troubles that get up in the national crook regulation, is underdeveloped each theoretically and nearly. To the exceptional of writer’s know-how, there aren't any studies describing worldwide elements of crook law in a complete way, taking a more expansive view of the difficulty. This paper provides consequences of a part of the doctoral studies, assignment a theoretical framework of the worldwide crook law. It ambitions at checking out the present terminology on international components of criminal law. It demonstrates differences among the notions of global crook regulation, criminal regulation international and law worldwide crook. It confronts the belief of crook regulation with associated disciplines and indicates their interplay. It specifies the scope of international criminal regulation. It diagnoses the contemporary criminal framework of global components of criminal regulation, referring to each crook law issues that rise up inside the international setting, and international problems that rise up within the context of national criminal law. ultimately, de lege lata postulates had been formulated and route of modifications in global criminal law turned into proposed. The followed studies hypothesis assumed that the belief of international criminal regulation became inconsistent, not understood uniformly, and there has been no conformity as to its location inside the system of regulation, objective and subjective scopes, while the domestic doctrine did not correspond with international requirements and differed from the global doctrine. applied research strategies covered inter alia a dogmatic and legal technique, an analytical technique, a comparative approach, in addition to desk studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20privacy%20issues" title="social networks privacy issues">social networks privacy issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20security%20issues" title=" social networks security issues"> social networks security issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20privacy%20precautions%20measures" title=" social networks privacy precautions measures"> social networks privacy precautions measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20security%20precautions%20measures" title=" social networks security precautions measures"> social networks security precautions measures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190040/the-effect-of-technology-on-legal-securities-and-privacy-issues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">31</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2904</span> The Impact of Emoticons in the Workplace: Legal Challenges and Regulatory Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacques%20C.%20Duvenhage">Jacques C. Duvenhage</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of emoticons or so-called ‘emojis’ has gained much attention, not only in the daily use thereof with friends or family but also within the workplace amongst co-workers and employers. Even though emojis may be seen as a way to express feelings or even ideas, it may present legal challenges in the workplace. With new emojis being created on a daily basis, communicating through emojis, whether via phone, email or social media platforms, can become convoluted, especially within the working environment. The question to be addressed is how and/or whether Australian legislators will regulate the use of emojis (as a form of technology) in the workplace to prevent harassment, discrimination and other forms of prejudice. The emojis sent to co-workers may be interpreted by employees and even employers in different ways depending on their age, sexual orientation, and cultural background. Therefore, Australian courts will need to interpret an emoji’s meaning on a case-by-case basis. This paper will explore the use of emojis in the workplace (drawing on a desktop study), the impact emojis have on the employer-employee relationship as well as co-worker relationships, its legal application through case studies and whether a legal framework should be adopted by Australian legislators on this issue. Furthermore, this paper will reflect on the legal framework and application of emojis in the workplace considering foreign jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom and the United States of America and whether Australia should adopt similar legal approaches to these jurisdictions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emoticons" title="emoticons">emoticons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20approaches" title=" legal approaches"> legal approaches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation" title=" regulation"> regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workplace" title=" workplace"> workplace</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98479/the-impact-of-emoticons-in-the-workplace-legal-challenges-and-regulatory-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2903</span> Determination of International Jurisdiction of Courts over Disputes Arising from Electronic Consumer Contracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aslihan%20Coban">Aslihan Coban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a result of the rapid development of information communication technology, especially the internet, consumers have become an active party in commerce and in law. Consequently, the protection of consumers in cross-border contracts has become increasingly important. This paper is confined to the international jurisdiction of courts over disputes arising from electronic consumer contracts according to the ‘5718 Turkish Act on Private International Law and Civil Procedure’ and the ‘1215/2012 Council Regulation On Jurisdiction and The Recognition and Enforcement Of Judgments In Civil and Commercial Matters’ (Hereafter ‘Brussels I Regulation’). The international jurisdiction of courts for consumer contracts is recognized under both acts above-mentioned; however, there exist some differences between the said legal regulations. Firstly, while there is a specific provision for electronic consumer contracts in Brussels I Regulation, there is no specific provision in the Turkish Act. Secondly, under the Turkish Act, habitual residence, domicile, and workplace of the other party who is not a consumer are all accepted as jurisdiction elements; while domicile is the only jurisdiction element in Brussels I Regulation. Thirdly, the ability to make jurisdiction agreements in disputes arising from electronic consumer contracts is a controversial issue under the Turkish Act while it is explicitly regulated under Brussels I Regulation that such jurisdiction agreements can be concluded by complying with certain conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brussels%20I%20Regulation" title="Brussels I Regulation">Brussels I Regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20consumer%20contracts" title=" electronic consumer contracts"> electronic consumer contracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jurisdiction" title=" jurisdiction"> jurisdiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jurisdiction%20agreement" title=" jurisdiction agreement"> jurisdiction agreement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93339/determination-of-international-jurisdiction-of-courts-over-disputes-arising-from-electronic-consumer-contracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2902</span> Challenges in Learning Legal English from the Students’ Perspective at Hanoi Law University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nhac%20Thanh%20Huong">Nhac Thanh Huong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Legal English, also known as Language of the Law (Mellinkoff, David. 2004), is an indispensable factor contributing to the development of legal field. At Hanoi Law University, legal English is a compulsory subject in the syllabus of legal English major; International Trade law and Fast-track law training program. The question that what obstacles students face with when dealing with legal English, however, has not been answered at that institution. Therefore, this present research, which makes use of survey questionnaires as the main method, aims to study the challenges of learning legal English from the students’ perspective, from which some useful solutions are drawn up to overcome these difficulties and improve the effectiveness of learning legal English. The results indicate notable difficulties arising from the level of general English skills, the characteristics of legal English and legal background knowledge. These findings lay a scientific foundation for suggesting some solutions for practical applications in teaching as well as learning legal English among both teachers and students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title="challenges">challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HLU" title=" HLU"> HLU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Legal%20English" title=" Legal English"> Legal English</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%27%20perspective" title=" students' perspective"> students' perspective</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95596/challenges-in-learning-legal-english-from-the-students-perspective-at-hanoi-law-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2901</span> Legal Regulation and Critical Analysis for an Effectively Treatment of Pharmaceutical Waste </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merita%20Dauti">Merita Dauti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edita%20Alili-Idrizi"> Edita Alili-Idrizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sihana%20Ahmeti%20%E2%80%93Lika"> Sihana Ahmeti –Lika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ledjan%20Malaj"> Ledjan Malaj </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The extermination and proper disposal of pharmaceutical wastes from expired and unused medications remains a disputable issue due to their specific nature and characteristics. Even though the hazards from these wastes are already well known in terms of environment and human health, people still treat them as usual wastes. At a national level, in many countries the management of pharmaceutical and medical wastes has been one of the main objectives in order to protect people’s health and the environment. Even though many legal regulations exist in this respect, there has not been a single law that would clearly explain the procedures of returning medicines, ways of selection, treatment and extermination of pharmaceutical wastes. This paper aims at analyzing the practices of pharmaceutical waste management and treatment in some European countries as well as a review of the legislation and official guidelines in managing these kinds of wastes and protecting the environment and human health. A suitable treatment and management of expired medications and other similar wastes would be in the interest of public health in the first place, as well as in the interest of healthcare institutions and other bodies engaged in environment protection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmaceutical%20waste" title="pharmaceutical waste">pharmaceutical waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20regulation" title=" legal regulation"> legal regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proper%20disposal" title=" proper disposal"> proper disposal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment%20pollution" title=" environment pollution"> environment pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10453/legal-regulation-and-critical-analysis-for-an-effectively-treatment-of-pharmaceutical-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2900</span> Juridically Secure Trade Mechanisms for Alternative Dispute Resolution in Transnational Business Negotiations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linda%20Frazer">Linda Frazer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A pluralistic methodology focuses on promoting an understanding that an alternative juridical framework for the regulation of transnational business negotiations (TBN) between private business parties is fundamentally required. This paper deals with the evolving assessment of the doctoral research of the author which demonstrated that due to insufficient juridical tools, negotiations are commonly misunderstood within the complexity of pluralistic and conflicting legal regimes. This inadequacy causes uncertainty in the enforcement of legal remedies, leaving business parties surprised. Consequently, parties cannot sufficiently anticipate when and how legal rights and obligations are created, often counting on oral or incomplete agreements which may lead to the misinterpretation of the extent of their legal rights and obligations. This uncertainty causes threats to business parties for fear of creating unintended legal obligations or, conversely, that law will not enforce intended agreements for failure to pass the tests of contractual validity. A need to find a manner to set default standards of communications and standards of conduct to monitor our evolving global trade would aid law to provide the security, predictability and foreseeability during alternative dispute resolution required by TBN parties. The conclusion of this study includes a proposal of new trade mechanisms, termed 'Bills of Negotiations' (BON) to enhance party autonomy and promote the ability for TBN parties to self-regulate within the boundaries of law. BON will be guided by a secure juridical institutionalized setting that caters to guiding communications during TBN and resolving disputes that arise along the negotiation processes on a fast track basis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20resolution%20disputes" title="alternative resolution disputes">alternative resolution disputes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADR" title=" ADR"> ADR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=good%20faith" title=" good faith"> good faith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=good%20faith" title=" good faith"> good faith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=juridical%20security" title=" juridical security"> juridical security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20regulation" title=" legal regulation"> legal regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade%20mechanisms" title=" trade mechanisms"> trade mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnational%20business%20negotiations" title=" transnational business negotiations"> transnational business negotiations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102044/juridically-secure-trade-mechanisms-for-alternative-dispute-resolution-in-transnational-business-negotiations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2899</span> The EU’s Role in Exporting Digital Privacy and Security Standards: A Legal Framework for Global Normative Diffusion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuval%20Reinfeld">Yuval Reinfeld</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the European Union’s expanding influence as a global regulatory power, particularly in the realms of legal, security, and privacy challenges within the digital landscape. As digital regulation becomes increasingly vital, the EU has positioned itself as a leading exporter of privacy and cybersecurity standards through landmark frameworks like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA), and the Digital Services Act (DSA). These regulations have set global benchmarks, extending their influence well beyond Europe’s borders by shaping legal frameworks in third countries and guiding the development of global digital governance. Central to this regulatory diffusion is the European Court of Justice (CJEU), whose rulings consistently reinforce and extend the reach of EU standards on an international scale. Through mechanisms such as trade agreements, adequacy decisions, and multilateral cooperation, the EU has constructed a regulatory ecosystem that other jurisdictions increasingly adopt. This paper investigates key CJEU cases to illustrate how the EU’s legal instruments in privacy, security, and AI contribute to its role as a global standard-setter. By examining the intersection of digital governance, international law, and normative power, this research provides a thorough analysis of the EU’s regulatory impact on global privacy, cybersecurity, and AI frameworks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20privacy" title="digital privacy">digital privacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cybersecurity" title=" cybersecurity"> cybersecurity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GDPR" title=" GDPR"> GDPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union%20Law" title=" European Union Law"> European Union Law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20normative%20power" title=" global normative power"> global normative power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191507/the-eus-role-in-exporting-digital-privacy-and-security-standards-a-legal-framework-for-global-normative-diffusion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2898</span> Cross-border Data Transfers to and from South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amy%20Gooden">Amy Gooden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meshandren%20Naidoo"> Meshandren Naidoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Genetic research and transfers of big data are not confined to a particular jurisdiction, but there is a lack of clarity regarding the legal requirements for importing and exporting such data. Using direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT) as an example, this research assesses the status of data sharing into and out of South Africa (SA). While SA laws cover the sending of genetic data out of SA, prohibiting such transfer unless a legal ground exists, the position where genetic data comes into the country depends on the laws of the country from where it is sent – making the legal position less clear. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-border" title="cross-border">cross-border</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data" title=" data"> data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20testing" title=" genetic testing"> genetic testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title=" law"> law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation" title=" regulation"> regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research" title=" research"> research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharing" title=" sharing"> sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Africa" title=" South Africa"> South Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153435/cross-border-data-transfers-to-and-from-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2897</span> The Current And Prospective Legal Regime of Non-Orbital Flights</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Koutsika">Olga Koutsika</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals primarily with the question of the legal framework of non-orbital flights. The submission is based upon two pillars, starting with the ill-defined current legal regime and proceeding to further recommendations for the prospective legal regime for non-orbital flights. For this reason, the paper focuses on certain key legal aspects of the topic, including among other things liability, responsibility, jurisdiction, registration and authorisation. Furthermore, taking into consideration the hybrid nature of both the craft conducting non-orbital flights and of the flights themselves, which exit airspace but do not enter an orbit in outer space, the paper addresses each legal question from the perspective of both air law and space law and concludes to a number of recommendations regarding the applicability of each legal regime for each legal question individually. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20regime" title="current regime">current regime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20framework" title="legal framework">legal framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-orbital%20flights" title=" non-orbital flights"> non-orbital flights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prospective%20regime" title="prospective regime">prospective regime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42270/the-current-and-prospective-legal-regime-of-non-orbital-flights" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2896</span> The Regulation of Reputational Information in the Sharing Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emre%20Bayaml%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu">Emre Bayamlıoğlu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to provide an account of the legal and the regulative aspects of the algorithmic reputation systems with a special emphasis on the sharing economy (i.e., Uber, Airbnb, Lyft) business model. The first section starts with an analysis of the legal and commercial nature of the tripartite relationship among the parties, namely, the host platform, individual sharers/service providers and the consumers/users. The section further examines to what extent an algorithmic system of reputational information could serve as an alternative to legal regulation. Shortcomings are explained and analyzed with specific examples from Airbnb Platform which is a pioneering success in the sharing economy. The following section focuses on the issue of governance and control of the reputational information. The section first analyzes the legal consequences of algorithmic filtering systems to detect undesired comments and how a delicate balance could be struck between the competing interests such as freedom of speech, privacy and the integrity of the commercial reputation. The third section deals with the problem of manipulation by users. Indeed many sharing economy businesses employ certain techniques of data mining and natural language processing to verify consistency of the feedback. Software agents referred as "bots" are employed by the users to "produce" fake reputation values. Such automated techniques are deceptive with significant negative effects for undermining the trust upon which the reputational system is built. The third section is devoted to explore the concerns with regard to data mobility, data ownership, and the privacy. Reputational information provided by the consumers in the form of textual comment may be regarded as a writing which is eligible to copyright protection. Algorithmic reputational systems also contain personal data pertaining both the individual entrepreneurs and the consumers. The final section starts with an overview of the notion of reputation as a communitarian and collective form of referential trust and further provides an evaluation of the above legal arguments from the perspective of public interest in the integrity of reputational information. The paper concludes with certain guidelines and design principles for algorithmic reputation systems, to address the above raised legal implications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharing%20economy" title="sharing economy">sharing economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20principles%20of%20algorithmic%20regulation" title=" design principles of algorithmic regulation"> design principles of algorithmic regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reputational%20systems" title=" reputational systems"> reputational systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20data%20protection" title=" personal data protection"> personal data protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privacy" title=" privacy"> privacy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20473/the-regulation-of-reputational-information-in-the-sharing-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2895</span> An Investigation the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training on the Reduction of Cognitive-Emotion Regulation Problem in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboobeh%20Sadeghi">Mahboobeh Sadeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Izadi%20Khah"> Zahra Izadi Khah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansour%20Hakim%20Javadi"> Mansour Hakim Javadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Gholamali%20Lavasani"> Masoud Gholamali Lavasani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Since there is a relation between psychological and physiological factors, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of Emotion Regulation training on cognitive emotion regulation problem in patients with Multiple Sclerosis(MS) Method: In a randomized clinical trial thirty patients diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis referred to state welfare organization were selected. The sample group was randomized into either an experimental group or a nonintervention control group. The subjects participated in 75-minute treatment sessions held three times a week for 4weeks (12 sessions). All 30 individuals were administered with Cognitive Emotion Regulation questionnaire (CERQ). Participants completed the questionnaire in pretest and post-test. Data obtained from the questionnaire was analyzed using Mancova. Results: Emotion Regulation significantly decreased the Cognitive Emotion Regulation problems patients with Multiple sclerosis (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Emotion Regulation can be used for the treatment of cognitive-emotion regulation problem in Multiple sclerosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multiple%20Sclerosis" title="Multiple Sclerosis">Multiple Sclerosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive-emotion%20regulation" title=" cognitive-emotion regulation"> cognitive-emotion regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20regulation" title=" emotion regulation"> emotion regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MS" title=" MS"> MS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8075/an-investigation-the-effectiveness-of-emotion-regulation-training-on-the-reduction-of-cognitive-emotion-regulation-problem-in-patients-with-multiple-sclerosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2894</span> Curbing Abuses of Legal Power in the Society</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tajudeen%20Ojo%20Ibraheem">Tajudeen Ojo Ibraheem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a world characterized by greed and the lust for power and its attendant trappings, abuse of legal power is nothing new to most of us. Legal abuses of power abound in all fields of human endeavour. Accounts of such abuses dominate the mass media and for the average individual, no single day goes by without his getting to hear about at least one such occurrence. This paper briefly looks at the meaning of legal power, what legal abuse is all about, its causes, and some of its manifestations in the society. Its consequences will also be discussed and some suggestions for reform will be made. In the course of the paper, references will be made to various jurisdictions around the world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abuse" title="abuse">abuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal" title=" legal"> legal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power" title=" power"> power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society" title=" society"> society</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31888/curbing-abuses-of-legal-power-in-the-society" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2893</span> Legal Regulation of Personal Information Data Transmission Risk Assessment: A Case Study of the EU’s DPIA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cai%20Qianyi">Cai Qianyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the midst of global digital revolution, the flow of data poses security threats that call China's existing legislative framework for protecting personal information into question. As a preliminary procedure for risk analysis and prevention, the risk assessment of personal data transmission lacks detailed guidelines for support. Existing provisions reveal unclear responsibilities for network operators and weakened rights for data subjects. Furthermore, the regulatory system's weak operability and a lack of industry self-regulation heighten data transmission hazards. This paper aims to compare the regulatory pathways for data information transmission risks between China and Europe from a legal framework and content perspective. It draws on the “Data Protection Impact Assessment Guidelines” to empower multiple stakeholders, including data processors, controllers, and subjects, while also defining obligations. In conclusion, this paper intends to solve China's digital security shortcomings by developing a more mature regulatory framework and industry self-regulation mechanisms, resulting in a win-win situation for personal data protection and the development of the digital economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20information%20data%20transmission" title="personal information data transmission">personal information data transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DPIA" title=" DPIA"> DPIA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20service%20provider" title=" internet service provider"> internet service provider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20information%20data%20transimission" title=" personal information data transimission"> personal information data transimission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183049/legal-regulation-of-personal-information-data-transmission-risk-assessment-a-case-study-of-the-eus-dpia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20regulation&page=2">2</a></li> <li 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