CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134149bde66fe01',cH: 'xLLv8NkXYOezZjoRp2ugVYnGnwCtZs61DdVWayxztHk-1739777514-1.2.1.1-6SekzbU1pjh2Oydy4qNAcXAHydEg3S_SzrQgOFZmVVrPUoXgug80YyGnGBA8b_.a',cUPMDTk: "\/10012698\/endnote?__cf_chl_tk=p.8YHSBGpravRwoLDqaQtqkPqm5kPSvAJceqQB.js20-1739777514-1.0.1.1-EcY26TsnV6xJu4Dkhit8k2u4qFBGgrRY0Ica260kNys",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777514',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10012698\/endnote?__cf_chl_f_tk=p.8YHSBGpravRwoLDqaQtqkPqm5kPSvAJceqQB.js20-1739777514-1.0.1.1-EcY26TsnV6xJu4Dkhit8k2u4qFBGgrRY0Ica260kNys",md: "XwROJMNv2Lt3Jh4GNt5Kwk0E.Siil9uVIvM8mCG4AoM-1739777514-1.2.1.1-_3khefB.dVXt.sIiX2PTKli9mUd0PaKeiFMnbJ93POX5ANry.QfGFeS55YIcSm6cfkeJCJCz6YzTLLlI_SMtaON2ro63jwk9mTNElTydobTJKv9cQDD2UT03vwRImo0BN2D4tx0bwTbAcbWfc1e6kwUe6QGOG_YD__qMUjy1xB3nJM4rdEvvvbf68w6aL7hr_6KpA5VjWTVIiGSbZ4uXYmEXuV1C030QZmsE8imeK..Ep4mYcM32g2.e4_dWNnms3z7jOpdoVhcrs6JkOvEv8hboroceUeYHdunP3pRHuO3gB4cGt4GIX87.BfeeT3six7RPH6mx6CXnYvjWyE.Be7.wSkPcrudJsdLQXc_TRMSI01jnujYm5ixOWUfzlBl5L8mEWYwp9iAc0QAvX.OJPXyaiz1tdiQ2x38fPnoj_rHxmUdQ22a0HAekwlSUP6qGcD14WFT0v1xRReR0u8KpI4_k6vGskDKdl6fnuM_eRYeQmkBLaZeS0wyKGjpv7eXVEW87MgT_plehsHQRHFINlDuuzx0.TYHeq9JvzGkraZEVA1qYnpuBdrveN5FDZy1N9W0WnGINOevz_YURjFPhX6mC6CFsW3270jNQprSVg128RpjP_ef9SK0npj0OTIH3YV6Qh0moy8JPBE2ua7C8cBHylOHnP5vBITdUDkKcS6T2xDkdBqiu_PCsEy1Uy9L4Mt0qijU3O2rBwIjNE5eHGfObhrvFILHW69JqSF3ivxOG5BZ7krZInAsRswC9tWCB9y5V9ldBqjEpTR8hQ7MBNGY3lW0J_URyeirB9_gP7AQW4Nn0cowXsKImgFJ9CvhS6KEHfoDYxylLu4JVI0UuNb0Gzk5bUflHvGlz.Jdtxu15WDAOYZ6ZS7XCUfQH4Wt8Tdt3d7NEUk47p9Dwqw7qgxq5QSHeJaM9MEkk6zndP.O6Dw4yTZBnLjoJLsxVq7yh9HmuPtWnPj0fUgbWHqZX55PB5zgAJp9pRoOxFBDQbmvsbbhXRoWrKq79IcVH8cwdEsD.g7gUePQV48sn3nuY__PK836xIcIquTmzpcAryXfmXjUpi0YqqOjjLtthSGkNgoFoHPcRduKWSLAXCC4RUSnqaqlXyk2xuyoTOmGLSpdNGyPvBynuHvFEh9C..SlEwHDJUnhQfbGEiLsLXH3gR0nezFR2eKpjey.Y_rZs.IMEOa5gLNy2xK3_AGJn__NC6gqbayEyNuoW4eqfWCgD_8dEiCf_G.IYFCN_JJh5DdaoYyfN5drbPDsQXFUSynkH43iwiNeLeAT.RIkRVE86qLxtT1C0vNbNqdfBdIkOJ39k4v4MmQzms2i2sThAeQU5ALZWPH15aHyrEfM.SwGTBzNov5fx4D2BP.X_0BQYLY6kU2NZ7d7KXlsDzrh3ECzvOmKAgToytgbDE.RJdsHGo4kl1zcAyfwCFCavOAR766SCZuY_e0fGN4v5V71W1IeLM9ZcgXLNgqYq5HdlO1eY5CW2xKNxh3UGRnRKtvgptrhSJSdy1Klb_Yi960WvQlkQWRRYm.wMPonAXF1JSdK6Zg9ocHOr1W0ikiH9Wq4DWCt5PsuLlYprDBzMlijCX08nvd0.PrD.gcdNmKNVsvdaFMxrmqZdfP01q5VnTJiLv7nObuOuFSnddgOXU4y86OK7OCJktQyB8Gz9fin5KyvSu2UzZ.9YVDPfCHg7C.fJraQJoy9mWLPUXJH.x7tyXuw_bOJcNi6TQdXP7clLdxj3tGDVGobzHES_ZIn3QpiumuwLY5sJM4hwBc2n4PCeWlxG2HESJN6.U6b55so8KcpYqZp6p0koghjTcvAiK3JKGgpU.g4RtQEyaRXu5ShliaeOhDYamXC.TNhj9.DCvKN1I5F9TkyWxXE7RwFpaFvcd0k",mdrd: "bjtGypdAbvCmWN3jXwXB56.q91WWp7PilAg0ylos020-1739777514-1.2.1.1-Lfj9VGmUhrNAiAd6OC6Aw0l2Eq0M.j.E58EoTBMBUm9.3EvomIunwvfQzpm2v9YCgaV0ezXC_BZcyXxtijJQIyIxAmAmB__xgc23AIq5KtPz3HgWKtKmq0aA3_pcYZAyEEDGiuX_J0Ccsm0MQ7irG09M6MP5o2dSvTBjqtGcv1vxZzKwrvqbbzRw8cJfj2birOKSh6jAosIufZQcwMirxipjaFtNpvkrW5LrDtbT4vw50.jWv2T0K52tbNLhp7vxCvJymqtETLx1AL4oz_2B2L9Av_MI8ng5acQy3KJTdmwfwyh6nnez8pmlKXvAJ.Rlhf4fq9CxotzKW8yol3nzz39vtRmlFC_mQX18iYPG3InbeGLfTQ6f7QPKkSgL.gPyfKpcysGx6Qk8Jl_3Wa5EtrBI_0TLFsHlbXo0UQr7hEuscTYiwvO07BfCAVmaQi_pn88h3TZXt1n.m7CzyYf4TZEOQemNX3FLLDm4DSkPUFDlyQD8YnxvVu7SwCh0ugcYUFoUjWEkA5TF1nErKDMrU4KyV6Iay4xC9SMc0eQIFdkb7ym8Nz3po2W7.abPAI46QF05BMsJSlyWJWEyNI4GWV8mvvvfw_StkJLCBpHr87G.EJvpBvUtDXfJpd_3wYtZUd4lHloEfbRVekU_VtbFza4jP2MqUpU2tKLuHH0zFXHnAMOAq6Deig19H7kyH3bJ_zjHR6aDcPKb17jLKvYtcW0R7FiPJXRCxe2Xv3bQ_BfP7giUTciWky9PVn9AX7PreZwUSHBhs.cU88yxlCFqO8ogwlWUd4BA_jsEyG0u9nFiHfWFOT8NvIH0B7m2YFCNxFWicXriT3q3pMlN6PksgvO5j1P0IEh.jO6i62ZDOuKKcglMNxQNcHszJVdC3oI64MHEHA2tdE2N1FN2W1Zb4okX0pHeHp5Jf6JvR4iimGfop.ZKuU_0gic4QqcMCvQW2qDIFcMu1o6hzepRQ9D2br6euN0vl7Op8vcJ51ljeMi0HkGs7anSOAu1A1GKgYVBGkx9sbtWQYw69vNhZjUeIJSWeSdMiVO0cpNIzjtsalTXjseLLqCPk9QRH4xOb32wyvSp4ggqghWNEHEKDcEr5aTTnFRmO5ndA67SxVGxrXCE5n1Mp4rOaM_K2RtjUkpNL8N3ZUVwMHZ6411.KBGwRSgiLdcetLYf5zrgE_sOUj4C.nkhp46YMlyfDqvtnMbzpTG7Xs4J_WdoJxbHf1665wwhit9byRlwDkR8taav4zNMnnmWjFK07eRropWr.KMkqoZlARbJFAiJasoJXDpAN69OkygJWTtLIt0IFu7zQgE_WyC9vlk1TMQADOjVjfzfqDRqBTC8krq6VezwRh_SaZ1fqi2cEs0RlxX4RmKz332ifFFEPOgHWO95KHXN0RmLslN9k_11UcgrFOgLAgVbWD1YfHsQ35t4oKNcTLx0aZKC084A.f8XTGdvH.ONEpPku64cFHenrxwqbYDA1nONAmkTmvH748GKbXL15W1tGLVFDx8YP0ZcGYHwrF6fJqCAa0QuiaOwSFmy_7lqcZkKp3wRW3aVWAbWjwJz1E_8Ea488b_0fGXpEfPfuWqyIYQzgG29bj0vnCogPe9JToFWoL4UdQjUJGrpkulX5JkWBy_rP8Z1vmD2rRDZInuf_Z4rYp9QU4LpxKFWAUyEoaCjEPX8zcc1inxkqm5kh5uHxx.pgZQZGdEUl1peCS97PqgCJ4tGRzaxX9QxP984jF25evg2YdIEgjDj8zNEncbZyStCF6OGhiRyI48Rb7gJivjDUVn6qyiuujAPqfLE6VkQ08WKbyRtYy5qsqb0kXzzwRxeHPvflcdhAAOnaDpF_o43b1J6GwP3WvKugKA8zSoWODntJsJBIA9LQwZFbs5ncv0s2y84Ntjc1jqpz9ZdZOmMoG8sdCsu9OG8bKZUb9cPAmXZJv247AqrgrYVsgc2a9wZRtBn0o1b5o0bd5uL6J4X"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134149bde66fe01';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10012698\/endnote?__cf_chl_rt_tk=p.8YHSBGpravRwoLDqaQtqkPqm5kPSvAJceqQB.js20-1739777514-1.0.1.1-EcY26TsnV6xJu4Dkhit8k2u4qFBGgrRY0Ica260kNys" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>