CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <title>Practice Areas Archive - Koskie Minsky LLP</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://kmlaw.ca/practice-areas/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Practice Areas Archive - Koskie Minsky LLP" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://kmlaw.ca/practice-areas/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Koskie Minsky LLP" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://kmlaw.ca/practice-areas/","url":"https://kmlaw.ca/practice-areas/","name":"Practice Areas Archive - Koskie Minsky LLP","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://kmlaw.ca/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://kmlaw.ca/practice-areas/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://kmlaw.ca/practice-areas/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://kmlaw.ca/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Practice Areas"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://kmlaw.ca/#website","url":"https://kmlaw.ca/","name":"Koskie Minsky LLP","description":"Justice Matters","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://kmlaw.ca/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//code.jquery.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Koskie Minsky LLP » Practice Areas Feed" href="https://kmlaw.ca/practice-areas/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/kmlaw.ca\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://kmlaw.ca/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: underline;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widgetopts-styles-css' href='https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/plugins/widget-options/assets/css/widget-options.css?ver=4.0.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='megamenu-css' href='https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/uploads/maxmegamenu/style.css?ver=bc872b' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://kmlaw.ca/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=6.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='vueloadst-css' href='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue-loading-overlay@3/dist/vue-loading.css?ver=6.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jqui-css' href='//code.jquery.com/ui/1.12.1/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='s2css-css' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/select2/4.0.0/css/select2.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sage/main.css-css' href='https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/themes/koskie-new/dist/styles/main_81343c84.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2.6.10/dist/vue.js?ver=6.7" id="vuejs-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/axios/0.19.0/axios.min.js?ver=6.7" id="axios-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/vee-validate/2.2.13/vee-validate.min.js?ver=6.7" id="validateform-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue-loading-overlay@3?ver=6.7" id="vueload-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js?ver=6.7" id="jquery-ui-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/themes/koskie-new/resources/assets/js/modernizr.js?ver=6.7" id="modernizr-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/themes/koskie-new/resources/assets/js/foundation.js?ver=6.7" id="foundation-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/themes/koskie-new/resources/assets/js/foundation.accordion.js?ver=6.7" id="foundation-accordion-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/themes/koskie-new/resources/assets/js/main.js?ver=6.7" id="main-scripts-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://kmlaw.ca/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <script async src="//140136.tctm.co/t.js"></script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NDBLHKGW');</script>  <script type="text/javascript">var ajaxurl = "https://kmlaw.ca/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php";</script><link rel="icon" href="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/cropped-KMlogo-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/cropped-KMlogo-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/cropped-KMlogo-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/cropped-KMlogo-270x270.png" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> a.biggerButton { text-transform: uppercase; } div.precopy p { font-size: 1.6em; } a.bigButton{ text-transform: uppercase; } div.callout div.calloutHeader strong.title { text-transform: uppercase !important; } li.accordion-navigation h2{ text-transform: uppercase !important; } div#aboutLinks ul.links > li > a { text-transform: uppercase !important; background-color: #f4f4f4 !important; } div#latestNewsEvents p, div#latestCaseDevs p { font-size: 1em; font-family: GothamBook, sans-serif; } p.typeStatus a { font-weight: normal !important; } </style> <style type="text/css">/** Mega Menu CSS: fs **/</style> <link href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Merriweather:400,700,400italic,700italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> <script> /** * If browser back button was used, flush cache * This ensures that user will always see an accurate, up-to-date view based on their state * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8788802/prevent-safari-loading-from-cache-when-back-button-is-clicked */ (function () { window.onpageshow = function(event) { if (event.persisted) { window.location.reload(); } }; })(); </script> </head> <body class="archive post-type-archive post-type-archive-practice-area mega-menu-main-nav page.blade app-data index-data archive-data archive-practice-area-data"> <div id="headerWrap"> <div id="header" class="container"> <a id="logo" href="/" title="Koskie Minsky LLP homepage"> <img class="l-desktop" src="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/themes/koskie-new/resources/assets/img/kos_logo_black.svg" longdesc="Koskie Minsky LLP Website Logo" alt="Koskie Minsky Justice Matters" width="206" height="106" /> </a> <nav> <a id="menuButton" href="#" title="Open Menu" aria-label="Open the menu"> <div class="hamburger" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="hamburger-bar"></span> <span class="hamburger-bar"></span> <span class="hamburger-bar"></span> </div> </a> <div id="mega-menu-wrap-main-nav" class="mega-menu-wrap"><div class="mega-menu-toggle"><div class="mega-toggle-blocks-left"></div><div class="mega-toggle-blocks-center"></div><div class="mega-toggle-blocks-right"><div class='mega-toggle-block mega-menu-toggle-animated-block mega-toggle-block-0' id='mega-toggle-block-0'><button aria-label="Toggle Menu" class="mega-toggle-animated mega-toggle-animated-slider" type="button" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="mega-toggle-animated-box"> <span class="mega-toggle-animated-inner"></span> </span> </button></div></div></div><ul id="mega-menu-main-nav" class="mega-menu max-mega-menu mega-menu-horizontal mega-no-js" data-event="hover" data-effect="fade" data-effect-speed="200" data-effect-mobile="disabled" data-effect-speed-mobile="0" data-mobile-force-width="false" data-second-click="go" data-document-click="collapse" data-vertical-behaviour="standard" data-breakpoint="1200" data-unbind="true" data-mobile-state="collapse_all" data-mobile-direction="vertical" data-hover-intent-timeout="300" data-hover-intent-interval="100"><li class='mega-practice-areas-style mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-current-menu-item mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-13080 practice-areas-style' id='mega-menu-item-13080'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/" aria-expanded="false" aria-current="page" tabindex="0">Practice Areas<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-13081' id='mega-menu-item-13081'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/civil-litigation/" aria-expanded="false">Civil Litigation<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-text-only mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13085 text-only' id='mega-menu-item-13085'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#">We have litigation expertise and experience at all court levels, both trial and appellate, and before public and professional tribunals.</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13123' id='mega-menu-item-13123'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/civil-litigation/mediation-arbitration/">Mediation/Arbitration</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13124' id='mega-menu-item-13124'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/civil-litigation/appellate-court-practice-2/">Appellate Court Litigation</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13132' id='mega-menu-item-13132'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/civil-litigation/commercial-leasing-litigation/">Commercial Leasing Litigation</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13126' id='mega-menu-item-13126'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/civil-litigation/commercial-litigation/">Commercial Litigation</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13127' id='mega-menu-item-13127'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/civil-litigation/construction-liens-and-construction-litigation/">Construction Liens And Construction Litigation</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13128' id='mega-menu-item-13128'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/civil-litigation/cross-border-litigation-enforcing-foreign-judgments-and-letters-rogatory-in-canada/">Cross-Border Litigation - Enforcing Foreign Judgments And Letters Rogatory In Canada</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13125' id='mega-menu-item-13125'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/civil-litigation/employment-law/">Employment Law</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13129' id='mega-menu-item-13129'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/civil-litigation/mortgage-enforcement/">Mortgage Enforcement</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13130' id='mega-menu-item-13130'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/civil-litigation/privacy/">Privacy And Compliance</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13131' id='mega-menu-item-13131'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/civil-litigation/professional-negligence-and-insurance-litigation/">Professional Negligence And Insurance Litigation</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-13082' id='mega-menu-item-13082'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/class-action/" aria-expanded="false">Class Actions<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-text-only mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13092 text-only' id='mega-menu-item-13092'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#">We have extensive experience handling complex class actions in a wide variety of areas including residential schools, crown liability, environmental claims, securities misrepresentation, employment law, product liability and consumer protection.</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13093' id='mega-menu-item-13093'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/cases/">Cases</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-13083' id='mega-menu-item-13083'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/labour-law/" aria-expanded="false">Labour Law<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-text-only mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13094 text-only' id='mega-menu-item-13094'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#">We are one of Canada’s most distinguished union-side legal teams, serving unions, workers and professional groups in the public and private sectors.</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13095' id='mega-menu-item-13095'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/labour-law/collective-bargaining/">Collective Bargaining</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13096' id='mega-menu-item-13096'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/labour-law/employment-standards/">Employment Standards</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13097' id='mega-menu-item-13097'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/labour-law/grievance-arbitration/">Grievance Arbitration</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13098' id='mega-menu-item-13098'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/labour-law/human-rights/">Human Rights</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13099' id='mega-menu-item-13099'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/labour-law/interest-arbitration/">Interest Arbitration</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13101' id='mega-menu-item-13101'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/labour-law/internal-union-affairs/">Internal Union Affairs</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13100' id='mega-menu-item-13100'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/labour-law/judicial-review-proceedings/">Judicial Review Proceedings</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13102' id='mega-menu-item-13102'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/labour-law/labour-board-proceedings/">Labour Relations Board Proceedings</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13103' id='mega-menu-item-13103'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/labour-law/occupational-health-and-safety/">Occupational Health And Safety</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13104' id='mega-menu-item-13104'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/labour-law/workers-compensation/">Workers' Compensation</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-13084' id='mega-menu-item-13084'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/pension-and-benefits/" aria-expanded="false">Pension and Benefits<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-text-only mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13121 text-only' id='mega-menu-item-13121'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#">We are one of the largest and most respected pension and employee benefits practices in the country, advising and representing unions (…)</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13105' id='mega-menu-item-13105'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/pension-and-benefits/employee-life-and-health-trusts/">Employee Life And Health Trusts</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13106' id='mega-menu-item-13106'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/pension-and-benefits/multi-employer-pension-and-benefit-plans/">Multi-Employer Pension And Benefit Plans</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13107' id='mega-menu-item-13107'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/pension-and-benefits/pension-and-benefit-issues-in-bankruptcy-and-restructuring/">Pension And Benefit Issues In Bankruptcy And Restructuring</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13108' id='mega-menu-item-13108'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/pension-and-benefits/pension-fund-investments/">Pension Fund Investments</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13109' id='mega-menu-item-13109'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/pension-and-benefits/pension-and-benefit-litigation-and-regulatory-proceedings/">Pension And Benefit Litigation And Regulatory Proceedings</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13110' id='mega-menu-item-13110'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/pension-and-benefits/corporate-and-commercial/">Corporate And Commercial</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13111' id='mega-menu-item-13111'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/pension-and-benefits/pension-plan-surpluses/">Pension Plan Surpluses</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13112' id='mega-menu-item-13112'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/pension-and-benefits/public-sector-pension-and-benefit-plans/">Public Sector Pension And Benefit Plans</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-13113' id='mega-menu-item-13113'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/practice-areas/pension-and-benefits/taxation-of-pensions-and-benefits/">Taxation Of Pensions And Benefits</a></li> </ul> </li></ul> </li><li class='mega-header-left mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-13076 header-left' id='mega-menu-item-13076'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/lawyers/" tabindex="0">Lawyers</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-13146' id='mega-menu-item-13146'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/cases/" tabindex="0">Cases</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-13078' id='mega-menu-item-13078'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://kmlaw.ca/about/" tabindex="0">About</a></li><li class='mega-header-right mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-current_page_parent mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-13075 header-right' id='mega-menu-item-13075'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://kmlaw.ca/news-events/" tabindex="0">News & Events</a></li><li class='mega-header-right mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-13079 header-right' id='mega-menu-item-13079'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://kmlaw.ca/contact-us/" tabindex="0">Contact</a></li></ul></div> </nav> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <nav> <a name="top"></a> </nav> <div id="crumbsWrap"> <div id="crumbs"> <div class="search-wrapper"> <form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" class="searchform" action="https://kmlaw.ca/"> <div> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="s">Search for:</label> <input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search" /> </div> </form> <a id="searchButton" class="trigger" title="Search Koskie Minsky"><img src="/wp-content/themes/koskie-new/resources/assets/img/magnifier_small.svg" alt="Search" longdesc="Search Koskie Minsky website" width="16" height="16"></a> </div> <p id="breadcrumbs"><span><span><a href="https://kmlaw.ca/">Home</a></span> / <span class="breadcrumb_last" aria-current="page">Practice Areas</span></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="wrap container" role="document"> <div class="content"> <main class="main"> <div id="contentWrap"> <div class="container"> <div class="sidebar-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-8 columns leftSide"> <main id="main"> <h1>Practice Areas</h1> <div class="precopy"> <p>We provide advice and representation on a wide range of legal issues in four core practice areas.</p> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="practiceArea" style="border-top: 12px solid #940307; background-color: #F4F4F4;" > <a href="https://kmlaw.ca/practice-areas/civil-litigation/" title="Civil Litigation"> <h2>Civil Litigation</h2> <p>We have litigation expertise and experience at all court levels, both trial and appellate, and before public and professional tribunals.</p> </a> </div> <div class="practiceArea" style="border-top: 12px solid #005100; background-color: #F4F4F4;" > <a href="https://kmlaw.ca/practice-areas/class-action/" title="Class Actions"> <h2>Class Actions</h2> <p>We have extensive experience handling complex class actions in a wide variety of areas including residential schools, crown liability, environmental claims, securities misrepresentation, employment law, product liability and consumer protection.</p> </a> </div> <div class="practiceArea" style="border-top: 12px solid #480448; background-color: #F4F4F4;" > <a href="https://kmlaw.ca/practice-areas/labour-law/" title="Labour Law"> <h2>Labour Law</h2> <p>We are one of Canada’s most distinguished union-side legal teams, serving unions, workers and professional groups in the public and private sectors.</p> </a> </div> <div class="practiceArea" style="border-top: 12px solid #0F4477; background-color: #F4F4F4;" > <a href="https://kmlaw.ca/practice-areas/pension-and-benefits/" title="Pension and Benefits"> <h2>Pension and Benefits</h2> <p>We are one of the largest and most respected pension and employee benefits practices in the country, advising and representing unions, plan boards of trustees and other administrative bodies, employees and retirees in the leading pension, benefits and bankruptcy matters in Canada.</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </main> </div> <div class="large-4 columns rightAside"> <div id="asideMeet"> <strong class="title">LAWYERS</strong> <hr class="dark" /> <a href="https://kmlaw.ca/lawyers/abir-shamim/"> <img width="820" height="450" src="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/AbirShamim-KoskieMinsky-April2023-820x450-1.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="Abir Shamim Profile photo" longdesc="Featured Lawyer Widget Image" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/AbirShamim-KoskieMinsky-April2023-820x450-1.jpg 820w, https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/AbirShamim-KoskieMinsky-April2023-820x450-1-300x165.jpg 300w, https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/AbirShamim-KoskieMinsky-April2023-820x450-1-768x421.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px" /> <h3>Abir Shamim </h3> <p class="meetType">Associate </p> <p>Abir is an associate lawyer in Koskie Minsky’s Pension and Benefits Department and a member of their Bankruptcy and Restructuring<span class="more-arrow"></span></p> </a> <hr /> </div> <div class="combined-images"> <a target="_blank" title="2024 Lexpert Ranked" href="http://www.lexpert.ca/directory/law-firm-profile/koskie-minsky-llp-304"> <div><img alt="2024 Lexpert Ranked" src="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/LexpertDirectory_2024_Firm.png" longdesc="2024 Lexpert Ranked"></div> </a> <a target="_blank" title="KM Listed in Best Lawyers 2024" href="https://www.bestlawyers.com/firms/koskie-minsky-llp/38187/CA"> <div><img alt="KM Listed in Best Lawyers 2024" src="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/bestlawyers_2024-e1694543529589.png" longdesc="KM Listed in Best Lawyers 2024"></div> </a> <a target="_blank" title="KM Listed in Chambers Canada 2025" href="https://chambers.com/law-firm/koskie-minsky-llp-canada-20:169021"> <div><img alt="KM Listed in Chambers Canada 2025" src="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Chambers_Canada_Rankings_FirmLogo_2025.jpg" longdesc="KM Listed in Chambers Canada 2025"></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> </div> <div id="footerWrap"> <a href="#top" id="to-the-top">Back to the top of the page.</a> <hr/> <div id="footer" class="container"> <div id="footerSocial"> <a href="https://twitter.com/kmlawllp" title="Follow us on Twitter, opens a new window" target="_blank"><img src="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/themes/koskie-new/resources/assets/img/twitter.svg" longdesc="Koskie Minsky Twitter account" alt="Twitter" width="31" height="30"/></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/koskie-minsky-llp" title="Follow us on LinkedIn, opens a new window" target="_blank"><img src="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/themes/koskie-new/resources/assets/img/linkedin.svg" longdesc="Koskie Minsky LinkedIn account" alt="LinkedIn" width="31" height="25"/></a> </div> <p> ©2024 KOSKIE MINSKY LLP<br/> WEBSITE BY <a class="blueText" href="https://believeco.com/" target="_blank" title="Believeco, opens a new window">BELIEVECO</a> </p> <p> <a href="/legal#">LEGAL</a> | <a href="/sitemap">SITEMAP</a> </p> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/themes/koskie-new/dist/scripts/main_81343c84.js" id="sage/main.js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/select2/4.0.0/js/select2.min.js" id="select2-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-includes/js/hoverIntent.min.js?ver=1.10.2" id="hoverIntent-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://kmlaw.ca/wp-content/plugins/megamenu/js/maxmegamenu.js?ver=3.4" id="megamenu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function () { var sz = document.createElement('script'); sz.type = 'text/javascript'; sz.async = true; sz.src = '//siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_6000544.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(sz, s); })(); /*]]>*/ </script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery(".practice-areas-style li").mouseenter( function (e) { jQuery(this).parent('ul').addClass('make-bg'); }); jQuery(".about-style li").mouseenter( function (e) { jQuery(this).parent('ul').addClass('make-bg'); }); jQuery(".practice-areas-style li").mouseleave( function (e) { jQuery(this).parent('ul').removeClass('make-bg'); }); jQuery(".about-style li").mouseleave( function (e) { jQuery(this).parent('ul').removeClass('make-bg'); }); jQuery('.mega-sub-menu a').click(function(){ location.href = this.href; }); }); jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery(".accordion-navigation").each(function(){ if (jQuery(this).children('.hd-link').outerHeight() > 100) { jQuery(this).addClass('with-fix mobile-fix'); } if (jQuery(this).outerHeight() > 190) { jQuery(this).children('.hd-link').addClass('more-lines'); } }); jQuery('#mega-menu-main-nav li:last-child').after('<li><div class="mobile-search-wrapper"><form id="mob-searchform" class="searchform" action="/" method="get"><div><label class="screen-reader-text" for="mob-s" tabindex="0">Search for:</label><input id="mob-s" type="text" name="s" value="" aria-label="Search for" required="required" aria-required="required" tabindex="1" placeholder="Search"><input id="mob-searchsubmit" type="submit" value="Search" aria-label="Submit search form" tabindex="2"></div></form></div></li>'); jQuery('.mobile-search-wrapper').on('click', function(){ jQuery(this).addClass('visible'); }); }); </script> </body> </html> </body> </html>