CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Reconstructing the quills | SOHL.COM</title> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://sohl.com/xmlrpc.php"> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />  <script id="wpcom_remote_login_js"> var wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth = ''; function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( element_id ) { var dom_node = document.getElementById( element_id ); if ( dom_node ) { dom_node.parentNode.removeChild( dom_node ); } } function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( class_name ) { var dom_nodes = document.querySelectorAll( '.' + class_name ); for ( var i = 0; i < dom_nodes.length; i++ ) { dom_nodes[ i ].parentNode.removeChild( dom_nodes[ i ] ); } } function wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup() { wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( "wpcom_remote_login_msg" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_js" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_iframe" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_styles" ); } // Watch for messages back from the remote login window.addEventListener( "message", function( e ) { if ( e.origin === "https://r-login.wordpress.com" ) { var data = {}; try { data = JSON.parse( e.data ); } catch( e ) { wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); return; } if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN' ) { // Clean up the login check iframe wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); var id_regex = new RegExp( /^[0-9]+$/ ); var token_regex = new RegExp( /^.*|.*|.*$/ ); if ( token_regex.test( data.token ) && id_regex.test( data.wpcomid ) ) { // We have everything we need to ask for a login var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); script.src = '/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=validate' + '&wpcomid=' + data.wpcomid + '&token=' + encodeURIComponent( data.token ) + '&host=' + window.location.protocol + '//' + window.location.hostname + '&postid=173' + '&is_singular=1'; document.body.appendChild( script ); } return; } // Safari ITP, not logged in, so redirect if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REDIRECT' ) { window.location = 'https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=' + window.location.href; return; } // Safari ITP, storage access failed, remove the request if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REMOVE' ) { var css_zap = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 782px ) { html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } }'; var style_zap = document.createElement( 'style' ); style_zap.type = 'text/css'; style_zap.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css_zap ) ); document.body.appendChild( style_zap ); var e = document.getElementById( 'wpcom_request_access_iframe' ); e.parentNode.removeChild( e ); document.cookie = 'wordpress_com_login_access=denied; path=/; max-age=31536000'; return; } // Safari ITP if ( data.msg === 'REQUEST_ACCESS' ) { console.log( 'request access: safari' ); // Check ITP iframe enable/disable knob if ( wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth !== 'safari_itp_iframe' ) { return; } // If we are in a "private window" there is no ITP. var private_window = false; try { var opendb = window.openDatabase( null, null, null, null ); } catch( e ) { private_window = true; } if ( private_window ) { console.log( 'private window' ); return; } var iframe = document.createElement( 'iframe' ); iframe.id = 'wpcom_request_access_iframe'; iframe.setAttribute( 'scrolling', 'no' ); iframe.setAttribute( 'sandbox', 'allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation' ); iframe.src = 'https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=request_access&origin=' + encodeURIComponent( data.origin ) + '&wpcomid=' + encodeURIComponent( data.wpcomid ); var css = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 46px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 46px !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 660px ) { html { margin-top: 71px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 71px !important; } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { display: block; height: 71px !important; } } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { border: 0px; height: 46px; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; z-index: 99999; background: #23282d; } '; var style = document.createElement( 'style' ); style.type = 'text/css'; style.id = 'wpcom_request_access_styles'; style.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css ) ); document.body.appendChild( style ); document.body.appendChild( iframe ); } if ( data.msg === 'DONE' ) { wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); } } }, false ); // Inject the remote login iframe after the page has had a chance to load // more critical resources window.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function( e ) { var iframe = document.createElement( "iframe" ); iframe.style.display = "none"; iframe.setAttribute( "scrolling", "no" ); iframe.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); iframe.src = "https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php" + "?wpcom_remote_login=key" + "&origin=aHR0cHM6Ly9zb2hsLmNvbQ%3D%3D" + "&wpcomid=107846770" + "&time=1732881888"; document.body.appendChild( iframe ); }, false ); </script> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//widgets.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts-api.wp.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="SOHL.COM » Feed" href="https://sohl.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="SOHL.COM » Comments Feed" href="https://sohl.com/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="SOHL.COM » Reconstructing the quills Comments Feed" href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function addLoadEvent(func) { var oldonload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function () { oldonload(); func(); } } } /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?m=1719498190i&ver=6.8-alpha-59438"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJxtzFsKgCAQheENZaMg+BStRXQI80oz0vbDCILo5cAHhx/OJlwtjIUhd9FS30Ih2JGbdfEx5FrH+J6Q4MBkGb1olfij2RFN8J9MIeIbvjXua16UUUZLLY3eL2BkNNM=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJydzEEOwiAQheELCWNrFV0YzwKUkKkIZGbQcPtWN+5cuHx5+X54VeVLlpAFamoRM0Ns23SB4vZQgOdw0UbvwTVMM7hU/F0ldGSpA0tPQXvmHfwMfRTDEqTaN7e9NFGRcP43QVYwR/7y2+M6mMN4NNP5NC4rOVVP3w==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> .has-text-align-justify { text-align:justify; } .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-4-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QzcxLzilNSS3WzyrWz01NyUxMzUnNTc0rQeEU5CRWphbp5qSmJyZX6uVm5uklFxfr6OPTDpRD5sM02efaGpoZmFkYGRuZGmQBAHPvL0Y=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-8-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??/wp-content/mu-plugins/core-compat/wp-mediaelement.css,/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcom-bbpress-premium-themes.css?m=1432920480j&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans: 'Albert Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya: Alegreya, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--arvo: Arvo, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda: 'Bodoni Moda', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque: 'Bricolage Grotesque', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cabin: Cabin, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--chivo: Chivo, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner: Commissioner, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant: Cormorant, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime: 'Courier Prime', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro: 'Crimson Pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono: 'DM Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display: 'DM Serif Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--domine: Domine, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond: 'EB Garamond', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue: Epilogue, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang: Fahkwang, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--figtree: Figtree, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one: 'Fjalla One', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces: Fraunces, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito: Gabarito, system-ui;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova: 'Ibarra Real Nova', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif: 'Instrument Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: Inter, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--jost: Jost, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--literata: Literata, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--lora: Lora, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather: Merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat: Montserrat, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader: Newsreader, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono: 'Noto Sans Mono', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--nunito: Nunito, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--overpass: Overpass, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif: 'PT Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--petrona: Petrona, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla: Piazzolla, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display: 'Playfair Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--poppins: Poppins, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--raleway: Raleway, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto: Roboto, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab: 'Roboto Slab', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rubik: Rubik, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rufina: Rufina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sora: Sora, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4: 'Source Serif 4', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono: 'Space Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--syne: Syne, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--texturina: Texturina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist: Urbanist, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans: 'Work Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) !important;}.has-chivo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--chivo) !important;}.has-commissioner-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner) !important;}.has-cormorant-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant) !important;}.has-courier-prime-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime) !important;}.has-crimson-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro) !important;}.has-dm-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono) !important;}.has-dm-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans) !important;}.has-dm-serif-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display) !important;}.has-domine-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--domine) !important;}.has-eb-garamond-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond) !important;}.has-epilogue-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue) !important;}.has-fahkwang-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang) !important;}.has-figtree-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--figtree) !important;}.has-fira-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans) !important;}.has-fjalla-one-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one) !important;}.has-fraunces-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces) !important;}.has-gabarito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans) !important;}.has-ibarra-real-nova-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova) !important;}.has-instrument-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}.has-josefin-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans) !important;}.has-jost-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--jost) !important;}.has-libre-baskerville-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville) !important;}.has-libre-franklin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin) !important;}.has-literata-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--literata) !important;}.has-lora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--lora) !important;}.has-merriweather-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather) !important;}.has-montserrat-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat) !important;}.has-newsreader-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader) !important;}.has-noto-sans-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono) !important;}.has-nunito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--nunito) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-overpass-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--overpass) !important;}.has-pt-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif) !important;}.has-petrona-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--petrona) !important;}.has-piazzolla-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla) !important;}.has-playfair-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display) !important;}.has-plus-jakarta-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans) !important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-10-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/moon/vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/verbum-comments.css?m=1729082728i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='verbum-gutenberg-css-css' href='https://widgets.wp.com/verbum-block-editor/block-editor.css?ver=1721244820' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-12-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??/wp-content/mu-plugins/comment-likes/css/comment-likes.css,/i/noticons/noticons.css?m=1436783281j&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wilson-raleway-css' href='https://fonts-api.wp.com/css?family=Raleway%3A400%2C700&ver=6.8-alpha-59438' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wilson-latos-css' href='https://fonts-api.wp.com/css?family=Lato%3A400%2C700%2C400italic%2C700italic&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext&ver=6.8-alpha-59438' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-16-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9jsEKwjAQRH/IuFSi6EH8FGnDGlOT3ZBNCP69qXgIVHqbgXkzAzUqw5SRMuQnBhSIZYLqvDCB5LfHvRHZQZcLRUVfrCOBGXMczevnIXCD7o4MWCRMrhHyX65K1+NLzfeAqtFw2LqRcPJsm7TQUp3dgiyy8mzG7NpYb9TDjy4t6C1ch9P5OBwuWuv5A09jcIM=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='print-css-17-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/global-print/global-print.css?m=1465851035i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='print' /> <style id='jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css'> :root { --font-headings: unset; --font-base: unset; --font-headings-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; --font-base-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-20-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJyNjcEKwjAQRH/IuA1aehI/ReImJKmb3eAmFP9eW3oRL16GeTC8gaUaFG6BG5RuKvWYWWEOrTp87AxFZA3fKShocs/gnfevrWaOR1Q9wP+mW2YEFcyODEkU/YIfW0uhfH7TGSLJ3dE6uJaLneww2mkYT/MbUOlJHA==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack_related-posts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var related_posts_js_options = {"post_heading":"h4"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var actionbardata = {"siteID":"107846770","postID":"173","siteURL":"https:\/\/sohl.com","xhrURL":"https:\/\/sohl.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"ccf9f61fa5","isLoggedIn":"","statusMessage":"","subsEmailDefault":"instantly","proxyScriptUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/js\/wpcom-proxy-request.js?ver=20211021","shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7ivS2-2N","i18n":{"followedText":"New posts from this site will now appear in your <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/read\">Reader<\/a>","foldBar":"Collapse this bar","unfoldBar":"Expand this bar"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https:\/\/s1.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/moon\/vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/build\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJx1jcEKwjAQRH/I7aJQm4v4KVKTpSQmm5hsqP17I0SoB0/DMI83uCbQkYVYMFRIvi6WCzqSNOtH7xhiZLxZ1niv1hvM5GchAykWKb9tCJYHVw64E7vGeIGU42v7bk3mq6HyGd2zUt567AV/IQh2ye20w9dwOU6nUSl1nkb3Bl4WTnE='></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rlt-proxy-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ rltInitialize( {"token":null,"iframeOrigins":["https:\/\/widgets.wp.com"]} ); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress.com" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/comment-page-1/#comments" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/p7ivS2-2N' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=json&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsohl.com%2F2011%2F01%2F18%2Freconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/xml+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=xml&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsohl.com%2F2011%2F01%2F18%2Freconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" />  <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Reconstructing the quills" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/" /> <meta property="og:description" content="See the post The Quills: the forgotten American folk woodwind for general information about the American instruments known as the quills. African players make their own instruments, and I imagine t…" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2011-01-18T12:00:00+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2016-03-03T08:28:56+00:00" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="SOHL.COM" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://normsohl.com/Quills/676_Thumb.JPG" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="269" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="205" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/WordPresscom" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@MertBevin" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@MertBevin" /> <meta name="twitter:text:title" content="Reconstructing the quills" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://normsohl.com/Quills/676_Thumb.JPG?w=144" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=32" sizes="16x16" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=32" sizes="16x16" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=114" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://sohl.com/osd.xml" title="SOHL.COM" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://s1.wp.com/opensearch.xml" title="WordPress.com" /> <style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style> <style type="text/css"> .recentcomments a { display: inline !important; padding: 0 !important; margin: 0 !important; } table.recentcommentsavatartop img.avatar, table.recentcommentsavatarend img.avatar { border: 0px; margin: 0; } table.recentcommentsavatartop a, table.recentcommentsavatarend a { border: 0px !important; background-color: transparent !important; } td.recentcommentsavatarend, td.recentcommentsavatartop { padding: 0px 0px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; } td.recentcommentstextend { border: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 2px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstextend { padding: 0px 10px 2px 0px; } td.recentcommentstexttop { border: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstexttop { padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; } </style> <meta name="application-name" content="SOHL.COM" /><meta name="msapplication-window" content="width=device-width;height=device-height" /><meta name="msapplication-tooltip" content="Articles and posts on music and technology by Norm Sohl" /><meta name="description" content="See the post The Quills: the forgotten American folk woodwind for general information about the American instruments known as the quills. African players make their own instruments, and I imagine that Henry Thomas did as well. Recent players of the cane fife in America do so as well. So, what do you need to know in order to…" /> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-173 single-format-standard wp-custom-logo customizer-styles-applied individual-blog jetpack-reblog-enabled has-site-logo"> <div id="page" class="hfeed site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header" role="banner"> <div class="site-branding"> <a href="https://sohl.com/" class="site-logo-link" rel="home" itemprop="url"><img width="300" height="300" src="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg?w=300" class="site-logo attachment-wilson-site-logo" alt="" decoding="async" data-size="wilson-site-logo" itemprop="logo" srcset="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg?w=300 300w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg?w=600 600w, https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg?w=150 150w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" data-attachment-id="609" data-permalink="https://sohl.com/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1-jpg/" data-orig-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg" data-orig-size="1365,1365" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg" data-image-description="<p>https://sohlblog.files.wordpress.com/2016/03/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg</p> " data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://sohl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-10379879_10202874010786112_5522152788271755950_o-1.jpg?w=788" /></a> <h1 class="site-title"><a href="https://sohl.com/" rel="home">SOHL.COM</a></h1> <h2 class="site-description">Articles and posts on music and technology by Norm Sohl</h2> </div> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation" role="navigation"> <h1><span class="screen-reader-text">Primary Menu</span></h1> <button class="menu-toggle"><span class="genericon genericon-menu"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span></button> <div class="menu-posts-container"><ul id="menu-posts" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-599" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-599"><a href="https://sohl.com/maptone/">An Atlas of Consonance</a></li> <li id="menu-item-590" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-590"><a href="https://sohl.com/2016/03/26/renaissance-3-hole-pipes/">Renaissance 3-Hole Pipes</a></li> <li id="menu-item-596" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-596"><a href="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/">Court Musette, late 17th Century</a></li> <li id="menu-item-595" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-595"><a href="https://sohl.com/2005/06/15/a-french-grand-cornemuse-18th-c-private-collection/">A French grand cornemuse, 18th c, private collection</a></li> <li id="menu-item-591" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-591"><a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/">The Quills: the forgotten American folk woodwind.</a></li> <li id="menu-item-592" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post current-menu-item menu-item-592"><a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/" aria-current="page">Reconstructing the quills</a></li> <li id="menu-item-593" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-593"><a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/14/practical-acoustics-of-the-pan-pipes/">Practical Acoustics of pan Pipes</a></li> <li id="menu-item-594" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-594"><a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/02/cane/">Break cane for fun and profit</a></li> <li id="menu-item-597" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-597"><a href="https://sohl.com/1996/02/02/renrecorders/">3d renderings of renaissance recorders</a></li> <li id="menu-item-598" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-598"><a href="https://sohl.com/2016/03/05/momma-told-me-thered-be-days-like-this/">Momma told me there’d be days like this</a></li> <li id="menu-item-765" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-765"><a href="https://sohl.com/privacy-policy-for-a-glass-bead-game/">Privacy policy for “A Glass Bead Game”</a></li> <li id="menu-item-781" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-781"><a href="https://sohl.com/a-glass-bead-game/">A Glass Bead Game</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <article id="post-173" class="post-173 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-american-instruments category-historical-musical-instruments tag-acoustics tag-musical-instruments tag-panpipes tag-quills"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">Reconstructing the quills</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2011-01-18T12:00:00+00:00">January 18, 2011</time><time class="updated" datetime="2016-03-03T08:28:56+00:00">March 3, 2016</time></a></span><span class="byline"><span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://sohl.com/author/normsohl/">Norm Sohl</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p class="style3"><em>See the post <a href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/2007/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/">The Quills: the forgotten American folk woodwind </a>for general information about the American instruments known as the quills.</em></p> <p class="style3">African players make their own instruments, and I imagine that Henry Thomas did as well. Recent players of the cane fife in America do so as well. So, what do you need to know in order to make a historically accurate instrument?</p> <p class="style3">First off, you need to understand the difference between the cane fife (quills) and the panpipe form of the instrument, and decide which one you want to pursue. There are modern players and makers of the cane fife form of the instrument, so for the moment I’m going to concentrate on the panpipe version made famous by Henry Thomas.</p> <p>There are no surviving instruments identified as American (pan pipe) quills. I was told by Smithsonian conservator and banjo scholar Scott Odell that the collection in the Smithsonian once contained a set of quills that had been donated in the late 1800s along with a mountain dulcimer. The dulcimer survives, but the current whereabouts of the quills is unknown, and may have been lost.</p> <p>Fortunately, we have a great deal of information in the form of Thomas’s audio recordings, and we can study these to determine fairly precise measurements that will allow us to reproduce the instrument that Thomas played.</p> <p>I started with the classic Bulldoze Blues, which stands out for its especially well played quills part. Here is a short except from<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/Bulldoze_Clip.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Bull Doze Blues</span></a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in case you are not familiar with the song.</p> <h3>An analysis of the Quills featured in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Bull Doze Blues</i></h3> <p>I first listened to the piece to determine the number of pipes, and then applied audio analysis tools to a digital recording of the song in order to determine the exact pitch of the pipes–some of them sound for too short a period of time (for me, at least) to get an accurate feel for the pitch of the pipe by ear.</p> <p>This worked fairly well, and I was able to determine that 8 different notes were sounded, so that the instrument contained at least 8 pipes. I had less luck with the audio analysis. I used the Spectrum tools in Sound Forge, but some of the notes sounded for too short a period of time still to get an accurate rendering. This was obvious after I had made some bamboo prototypes (thanks to some generous neighbors who let me raid their bamboo patch).</p> <p>Although the pipes were tuned within .25 Hz. using a frequency generator and an oscilloscope, the finished instrument did not play well with the original instrument – clearly, something was wrong.</p> <p>I decided to make larger samples for analysis by condensing all notes of a particular pitch into a single file. This proved to be an straightforward if time consuming task, again using Sound Forge. I simply worked my way through the master file, and clipped each quills note, and appended it to a file that held other notes of the same pipe.</p> <p>Here is what I was able to determine:</p> <table id="table1" style="height:385px;" border="1" width="704"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="101">Pipe number</td> <td width="162">Total duration of sound</td> <td width="127">Approximate pitch of highest point of graph</td> <td width="122">Approximate pitch of note estimated by ear</td> <td width="167">Approximate Amplitude of note</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/676.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Pipe 1</span></a></td> <td width="162">2.4</td> <td width="127">676 Hz</td> <td width="122">680 Hz</td> <td width="167">-37 dB</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/731.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Pipe 2</span></a></td> <td width="162">2.9</td> <td width="127">731 Hz</td> <td width="122">731 Hz</td> <td width="167">-36 dB</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/854.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Pipe 3</span></a></td> <td width="162">14.6</td> <td width="127">854 Hz</td> <td width="122">851 Hz</td> <td width="167">-34 dB</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/961.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Pipe 4</span></a></td> <td width="162">8.3</td> <td width="127">961 Hz</td> <td width="122">961 Hz</td> <td width="167">-36 dB</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/1061.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Pipe 5</span></a></td> <td width="162">17.9</td> <td width="127">1061 Hz</td> <td width="122">1055 Hz</td> <td width="167">-36 dB</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/1247.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Pipe 6</span></a></td> <td width="162">10.5</td> <td width="127">1247 Hz</td> <td width="122">1256 Hz</td> <td width="167">-33 dB</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/1421.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Pipe 7</span></a></td> <td width="162">0.6</td> <td width="127">1421 Hz</td> <td width="122">1442 Hz</td> <td width="167">-40 dB</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/1666.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Pipe 8</span></a></td> <td width="162">3.6</td> <td width="127">1666 Hz</td> <td width="122">1696 Hz</td> <td width="167">-32 dB</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>The approximate pitch is just that–approximate. When playing the quills, it is possible to play the pipe so that it’s pitch varies a considerable amount. It is also possible that the record it’s self was pressed slightly off center, causing different notes to playback at slightly different frequencies.</p> <p>In any case, the record is what we have to work with, and it is a starting point for a more accurate analysis. This time, I selected the entire body of each one of these audio files, and subjected them to Sound Forge’s Spectrum Analysis tools. The results are shown below. You can click on each graph to view a full-size image.</p> <table id="table2" border="1" width="56%"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="101">Pipe number</td> <td>Spectrum analysis from Sound Forge 7, full sample is selected.</td> <td width="127">Approximate pitch of highest point of graph</td> <td width="122">Approximate pitch of note estimated by ear</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101">Pipe 1</td> <td><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/676.JPG"><img src="https://i0.wp.com/normsohl.com/Quills/676_Thumb.JPG" alt="" width="269" height="205" border="0" /></a>The note is split into two peaks at 676 and 687. When analyzed by ear, the pitch seems to fall around 680, which makes sense, since the ear tends to average out rapid variation in pitch.</p> <p> </td> <td width="89">676</td> <td width="101">680</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101">Pipe 2</td> <td><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/731.JPG"><img src="https://i0.wp.com/normsohl.com/Quills/731_Thumb.JPG" alt="" width="269" height="205" border="0" /></a></td> <td width="89">731</td> <td width="101">731</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101">Pipe 3</td> <td><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/854.JPG"><img src="https://i0.wp.com/normsohl.com/Quills/854_Thumb.JPG" alt="" width="269" height="205" border="0" /></a></td> <td width="89">854</td> <td width="101">851</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101">Pipe 4</td> <td><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/961.JPG"><img src="https://i0.wp.com/normsohl.com/Quills/961_Thumb.JPG" alt="" width="269" height="205" border="0" /></a></td> <td width="89">961</td> <td width="101">961</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101">Pipe 5</td> <td><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/1061.JPG"><img src="https://i0.wp.com/normsohl.com/Quills/1061_Thumb.JPG" alt="" width="269" height="206" border="0" /></a>There is some variation and “flutter-tounging on this note, which gives a range of perceived pitches. I’ve chosen 1055 as the strongest note heard, but you might feel otherwise. The pipes play sharp when the player blows harder, and that is clearly what is happening in some of the samples used to make this track.</p> <p> </td> <td width="89">1061</td> <td width="101">1055</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101">Pipe 6</td> <td><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/1247.JPG"><img src="https://i0.wp.com/normsohl.com/Quills/1247_Thumb.JPG" alt="" width="269" height="205" border="0" /></a></td> <td width="89">1247</td> <td width="101">1256</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101">Pipe 7</td> <td><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/1421.JPG"><img src="https://i0.wp.com/normsohl.com/Quills/1421_Thumb.JPG" alt="" width="269" height="206" border="0" /></a>Another short sample with two nodes. Although the peak is on the lower node, the note sounds higher, as shown to the right.</p> <p> </td> <td width="89">1421</td> <td width="101">1442</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101">Pipe 8</td> <td><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/1666.JPG"><img src="https://i0.wp.com/normsohl.com/Quills/1666_Thumb.JPG" alt="" width="269" height="205" border="0" /></a></td> <td width="89">1666</td> <td width="101">1696</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>As you would expect, the pipes with the longest samples provide the most accurate results.</p> <p>The recording of Bulldoze blues plays back a bit sharp of the key of Ab. It is said that Henry Thomas played with a capo high on the neck of his guitar, so this is very possible. It is also possible that the recording machine ran a bit slow, which would have given a faster sounding performance and a higher pitch. This was done on occasion by 78 rpm recording engineers to add more punch to a recording by making the player just a bit faster than they were in real life. If this was the case, and the recording was as much as a semitone sharp, the key of G would be a reasonable guess for the original key of the song.</p> <h4>Using the key of Ab major pentatonic, what notes do the pitches determined above give us?</h4> <table id="table3" border="1" width="60%"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="101">Pipe number</td> <td width="177">Note name and reference pitch, A=440</td> <td width="78">Difference</td> <td width="87">Approximate pitch of note by ear</td> <td width="110">Approximate Amplitude of note</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"></td> <td width="177">Eb (6th octave) 622.25Not represented in this octave.</td> <td width="78"></td> <td width="87"></td> <td width="110"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/676.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Pipe 1</span></a></td> <td width="177">E (6th octave) 659.26.Not a member of the scale, but rather a “blues” note that always slides into F.</td> <td width="78">20.74 Hz</td> <td width="87">680 Hz</td> <td width="110">-37 dB</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/731.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Pipe 2</span></a></td> <td width="177">F (6th octave) 698.45</td> <td width="78">32.55 Hz</td> <td width="87">731 Hz</td> <td width="110">-36 dB</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"></td> <td width="177">G (6th octave) 783.99</td> <td width="78"></td> <td width="87"></td> <td width="110"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/854.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Pipe 3</span></a></td> <td width="177">Ab (6th octave) 830.60</td> <td width="78">20.4 Hz</td> <td width="87">851 Hz</td> <td width="110">-34 dB</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/961.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Pipe 4</span></a></td> <td width="177">Bb (6th octave) 932.32</td> <td width="78">28.68 Hz</td> <td width="87">961 Hz</td> <td width="110">-36 dB</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/1061.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Pipe 5</span></a></td> <td width="177">C (7th octave) 1046.50</td> <td width="78">8.5 Hz</td> <td width="87">1055 Hz</td> <td width="110">-36 dB</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"></td> <td width="177">Db (7th octave) 1108.73</td> <td width="78"></td> <td width="87"></td> <td width="110"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/1247.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Pipe 6</span></a></td> <td width="177">Eb (7th octave) 1244.50</td> <td width="78">11.5 Hz</td> <td width="87">1256 Hz</td> <td width="110">-33 dB</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/1421.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Pipe 7</span></a></td> <td width="177">F (7th octave) 1396.91</td> <td width="78">45.09 Hz</td> <td width="87">1442 Hz</td> <td width="110">-40 dB</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"></td> <td width="177">G 7th octave) 1567.982.</td> <td width="78"></td> <td width="87"></td> <td width="110"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="101"><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/1666.mp3"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Pipe 8</span></a></td> <td width="177">Ab (7th octave) 1661.21</td> <td width="78">34.79 Hz</td> <td width="87">1696 Hz</td> <td width="110">-32 dB</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4>Why is the first pipe so “out of tune”?</h4> <p>It is likely that the whole set of pipes is tuned a bit sharp (or the cutting lathe for the recording was running slower than 78 rpm). Even considering that ,one oddity that stands out – the first pipe plays a E, and the 6th pipe plays an Eb. This causes some problems when determining the scale and mode of the instrument, although I’m certain it did not bother Thomas at all–the sharpened E is always used to slide into the F pipe, and is never played on it’s own. In other words, it might be a “blue” note, used for effect.</p> <p>It may be that cane was not available in a proper size for a longer pipe to play Eb, or it may just be that this is the effect that Thomas wanted. In any case, it works very well in the context of the song. The Eb in the second octave is played as a true scale element, and is used much more often (10 seconds total, compared to 2 total for the first pipe).</p> <h4>The easy way: a simple set of pipes in G Pentatonic</h4> <p>For ease of playing with other instruments such as the guitar, it makes sense to assume that the recording is about a semitone fast, and that the first note is un-intentionally sharp. If you take the values shown above and drop them by about a semitone, and flatten the first pipe to match it’s octave, you end up with a pentatonic scale in the key of G, starting on the note D. This is a very reasonable pitch to use for a set if all you want to do is play quills.</p> <p>Given those pitches, we still need to know two things before we can make a pipe – the length of the pipe and it’s internal diameter that would provide the pitches shown in the chart. Since there is no easy way of calculating this, I did some empirical research on the physics of stopped pipes which can be found at the following page:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://normsohl.com/Acoustics%20of%20Pan%20Pipes/Pan%20Pipes.htm"><span style="color:#0066cc;">The Acoustics of Pan Pipes</span></a>.</p> <table id="table6" border="0" width="426" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <colgroup> <col width="147" /> <col width="175" /> <col width="104" /></colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left" height="17">Adjusted pitch</td> <td align="left" width="175">Estimated internal length from graph</td> <td align="left" width="104">Internal diameter Bore</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">G</td> <td>53.8</td> <td>4.55</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">E</td> <td>63.12</td> <td>5.74</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">D</td> <td>70.85</td> <td>6.44</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">B</td> <td>84.26</td> <td>7.66</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">A</td> <td>94.58</td> <td>8.60</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">G</td> <td>106.16</td> <td>9.65</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="style1" height="17">E</td> <td>126.24</td> <td>11.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">D</td> <td>141.7</td> <td>12.88</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>The numbers are far more precise than are needed for an instrument made out of a irregular material like bamboo. The bore can be a good bit larger or smaller (experiment with what gives you a good, strong sound). You should start each pipe longer than you think you need by at least a couple of mm. You can always make a pipe shorter, but never a longer. One way is by melting wax into the pipe to raise its sound. If you do that, don’t leave the instrument in a hot car.</p> <h4>The hard way: what size pipes match the recording?</h4> <p>On the other hand, you might just want an instrument just like Thomas used. Knowing what we know about the acoustics of stopped pipes, what would this set of pipes have looked like?</p> <p>The first step here is to figure out what size pipes (length and width) would provide the pitches shown in the chart. Since there is no easy way of calculating this, I did some research on the physics of stopped pipes which can be found at the following page:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://normsohl.com/Acoustics%20of%20Pan%20Pipes/Pan%20Pipes.htm"><span style="color:#0066cc;">The Acoustics of Pan Pipes</span></a>.</p> <p>Based on the information on that page, the following values look like good starting points for making a reproduction of Thomas’s instrument to match the pitch of the recordings.</p> <table id="table4" border="0" width="426" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <colgroup> <col width="147" /> <col width="175" /> <col width="104" /></colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left" width="147" height="17">Pitch from recording</td> <td align="left" width="175">Estimated internal length from graph</td> <td align="left" width="104">Internal diameter Bore</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">1696</td> <td>49.07</td> <td>4.46</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">1442</td> <td>57.72</td> <td>5.62</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">1256</td> <td>66.26</td> <td>6.30</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">1055</td> <td>78.89</td> <td>7.31</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">961</td> <td>86.60</td> <td>7.93</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">851</td> <td>97.80</td> <td>8.82</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">731</td> <td>113.85</td> <td>10.11</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">684</td> <td>121.68</td> <td>10.73</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4>What material were the quills made of?</h4> <p>Now that we know how many pipes were in the instrument and roughly what the length and diameter of the pipes would have been, the next step is to find the appropriate materials. Many historical sources that mention the quills mention that they were made of cane. In the American south, this can be only one plant–Arundinaria Gigantea, also known as Southern Cane, Switch Cane, and Canebrake Bamboo. It is the only native bamboo found in North America, and is common in southern states. For more information, see the page:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/Cane.htm"><span style="color:#0066cc;">Cane</span></a>.</p> <p>If you live in the south, cane might be a real possibility, but if not bamboo is a adequate second choice, and that is where I focused my attention. Another good source is South-American “trade” panpipes, which are often sold in import stores. The cane in these instruments is thin-walled, and the pipes are usually finished enough to play well. A good friend and neighbor, Chris (who has helped me with my work and research for this web page) has created an excellent set using this method:</p> <p><img class="style6" src="https://i0.wp.com/normsohl.com/Quills/Girl%2520scout%2520camping%2520trip%2520summer%25202008%2520012_small.JPG" alt="Girl scout camping trip summer 2008 012.JPG (2243002 bytes)" width="100" height="133" /><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/Girl%20scout%20camping%20trip%20summer%202008%20016.JPG"><img class="style6" src="https://i0.wp.com/normsohl.com/Quills/Girl%2520scout%2520camping%2520trip%2520summer%25202008%2520016_small.JPG" alt="Girl scout camping trip summer 2008 016.JPG (4121026 bytes)" width="100" height="75" /></a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://normsohl.com/Quills/Girl%20scout%20camping%20trip%20summer%202008%20020.JPG"><img class="style6" src="https://i0.wp.com/normsohl.com/Quills/Girl%2520scout%2520camping%2520trip%2520summer%25202008%2520020_small.JPG" alt="Girl scout camping trip summer 2008 020.JPG (2926328 bytes)" width="100" height="75" /></a></p> <div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-173" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-173" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-linkedin-173" class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon" href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/?share=linkedin" target="_blank" title="Click to share on LinkedIn" ><span>LinkedIn</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-107846770-173-6749ade010e71' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20241129#blog_id=107846770&post_id=173&origin=sohlblog.wordpress.com&obj_id=107846770-173-6749ade010e71&domain=sohl.com' data-name='like-post-frame-107846770-173-6749ade010e71' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div> <div id='jp-relatedposts' class='jp-relatedposts' > <h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3> </div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links"> Categories: <a href="https://sohl.com/category/american-instruments/" rel="category tag">American instruments</a>, <a href="https://sohl.com/category/historical-musical-instruments/" rel="category tag">Historical Musical Instruments</a> </span> <span class="tag-links"> Tags: <a href="https://sohl.com/tag/acoustics/" rel="tag">acoustics</a>, <a href="https://sohl.com/tag/musical-instruments/" rel="tag">musical instruments</a>, <a href="https://sohl.com/tag/panpipes/" rel="tag">panpipes</a>, <a href="https://sohl.com/tag/quills/" rel="tag">quills</a> </span> </footer> </article> <nav class="navigation post-navigation" role="navigation"> <h1 class="screen-reader-text">Post navigation</h1> <div class="nav-links"> <div class="nav-previous"><a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/14/practical-acoustics-of-the-pan-pipes/" rel="prev"><span class="meta-nav">←</span> Practical Acoustics of pan Pipes</a></div><div class="nav-next"><a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/" rel="next">The Quills: the forgotten American folk woodwind. <span class="meta-nav">→</span></a></div> </div> </nav> <div id="comments" class="comments-area"> <h2 class="comments-title"> 2 thoughts on “<span>Reconstructing the quills</span>” </h2> <ol class="comment-list"> <li id="comment-3" class="pingback even thread-even depth-1"> <div class="comment-body"> Pingback: <a href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/2016/03/03/practical-acoustics-of-the-pan-pipes/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Practical Acoustics of the pan Pipes | Sohl</a> </div> </li> <li id="comment-6" class="pingback odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1"> <div class="comment-body"> Pingback: <a href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">The Quills: the forgotten American folk woodwind. | Sohl</a> </div> </li> </ol> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a comment <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/comment-page-1/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3><form action="https://sohl.com/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form" novalidate> <div id="comment-form__verbum" class="transparent"></div><div class="verbum-form-meta"><input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='173' id='comment_post_ID' /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' /> <input type="hidden" name="highlander_comment_nonce" id="highlander_comment_nonce" value="fbec04f9af" /> <input type="hidden" name="verbum_show_subscription_modal" value="" /></div><p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="248b274de8" /></p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>Δ<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="207"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div id="secondary" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> <aside id="block-3" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p></p> </aside><aside id="blog_subscription-7" class="widget widget_blog_subscription jetpack_subscription_widget"><h1 class="widget-title"><label for="subscribe-field">Subscribe to Blog via Email</label></h1> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__container"> <form action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" data-blog="107846770" data-post_access_level="everybody" id="subscribe-blog" > <p>Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email.</p> <p id="subscribe-email"> <label id="subscribe-field-label" for="subscribe-field" class="screen-reader-text" > Email Address: </label> <input type="email" name="email" style="width: 95%; padding: 1px 10px" placeholder="Email Address" value="" id="subscribe-field" required /> </p> <p id="subscribe-submit" > <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe"/> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="107846770"/> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/comment-page-1/"/> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="widget"/> <input type="hidden" name="redirect_fragment" value="subscribe-blog"/> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="724f9d538d" /> <button type="submit" class="wp-block-button__link" > Subscribe </button> </p> </form> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__subscount"> Join 32 other subscribers </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div id="tertiary" class="widget-areas clear" role="complementary"> <div class="widget-area"> <aside id="categories-3" class="widget widget_categories"><h1 class="widget-title">Categories</h1> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-241560"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/acoustics/">acoustics</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-468047237"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/american-instruments/">American instruments</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-172980313"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/historical-musical-instruments/">Historical Musical Instruments</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-200"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> </li> </ul> </aside><aside id="search-3" class="widget widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://sohl.com/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s"> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search"> <span class="genericon genericon-search"></span> </form> </aside> <aside id="recent-posts-3" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> <h1 class="widget-title">Recent Posts</h1> <ul> <li> <a href="https://sohl.com/2021/08/27/311/">Court Musette, late 17th Century</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://sohl.com/2016/03/26/renaissance-3-hole-pipes/">Renaissance 3-Hole Pipes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://sohl.com/2016/03/05/momma-told-me-thered-be-days-like-this/">Momma told me there’d be days like this</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/">The Quills: the forgotten American folk woodwind.</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/" aria-current="page">Reconstructing the quills</a> </li> </ul> </aside><aside id="recent-comments-3" class="widget widget_recent_comments"><h1 class="widget-title">Recent Comments</h1> <table class="recentcommentsavatar" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"> <tr><td title="bull doze blues – dangblog" class="recentcommentsavatartop" style="height:48px; width:48px;"><a href="https://dangblog.wordpress.com/2023/07/17/bull-doze-blues/" rel="nofollow"></a></td><td class="recentcommentstexttop" style=""><a href="https://dangblog.wordpress.com/2023/07/17/bull-doze-blues/" rel="nofollow">bull doze blues…</a> on <a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/comment-page-1/#comment-3638">The Quills: the forgotten Amer…</a></td></tr><tr><td title="William Webster" class="recentcommentsavatarend" style="height:48px; width:48px;"><a href="http://Ragtimewillie.net" rel="nofollow"><img alt='' src='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9ffd4043c7eb21cc3b865f1c32039fd55ff5cb7f3d482b1c91562a0fe3e02b7e?s=48&d=identicon&r=G' srcset='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9ffd4043c7eb21cc3b865f1c32039fd55ff5cb7f3d482b1c91562a0fe3e02b7e?s=48&d=identicon&r=G 1x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9ffd4043c7eb21cc3b865f1c32039fd55ff5cb7f3d482b1c91562a0fe3e02b7e?s=72&d=identicon&r=G 1.5x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9ffd4043c7eb21cc3b865f1c32039fd55ff5cb7f3d482b1c91562a0fe3e02b7e?s=96&d=identicon&r=G 2x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9ffd4043c7eb21cc3b865f1c32039fd55ff5cb7f3d482b1c91562a0fe3e02b7e?s=144&d=identicon&r=G 3x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9ffd4043c7eb21cc3b865f1c32039fd55ff5cb7f3d482b1c91562a0fe3e02b7e?s=192&d=identicon&r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-48' height='48' width='48' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /></a></td><td class="recentcommentstextend" style=""><a href="http://Ragtimewillie.net" rel="nofollow">William Webster</a> on <a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/comment-page-1/#comment-1351">The Quills: the forgotten Amer…</a></td></tr><tr><td title="The Quills: the forgotten American folk woodwind. | Sohl" class="recentcommentsavatarend" style="height:48px; width:48px;"><a href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/" rel="nofollow"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=48' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=48 1x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=72 1.5x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=96 2x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=144 3x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=192 4x' class='avatar avatar-48' height='48' width='48' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /></a></td><td class="recentcommentstextend" style=""><a href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/" rel="nofollow">The Quills: the forg…</a> on <a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/comment-page-1/#comment-6">Reconstructing the quills</a></td></tr><tr><td title="Cane | Sohl" class="recentcommentsavatarend" style="height:48px; width:48px;"><a href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/2011/01/02/cane/" rel="nofollow"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=48' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=48 1x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=72 1.5x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=96 2x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=144 3x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=192 4x' class='avatar avatar-48' height='48' width='48' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /></a></td><td class="recentcommentstextend" style=""><a href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/2011/01/02/cane/" rel="nofollow">Cane | Sohl</a> on <a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/comment-page-1/#comment-5">The Quills: the forgotten Amer…</a></td></tr><tr><td title="Reconstructing the quills | Sohl" class="recentcommentsavatarend" style="height:48px; width:48px;"><a href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/2007/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/" rel="nofollow"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=48' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=48 1x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=72 1.5x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=96 2x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=144 3x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=192 4x' class='avatar avatar-48' height='48' width='48' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /></a></td><td class="recentcommentstextend" style=""><a href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/2007/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/" rel="nofollow">Reconstructing the q…</a> on <a href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/20/the-quills-the-forgotten-american-folk-woodwind/comment-page-1/#comment-4">The Quills: the forgotten Amer…</a></td></tr> </table> </aside><aside id="categories-3" class="widget widget_categories"><h1 class="widget-title">Categories</h1> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-241560"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/acoustics/">acoustics</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-468047237"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/american-instruments/">American instruments</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-172980313"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/historical-musical-instruments/">Historical Musical Instruments</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-200"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://sohl.com/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> </li> </ul> </aside> </div> </div> <div class="site-info"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_custom_powered" rel="nofollow">Website Powered by WordPress.com</a>. </div> </footer> </div>  <script type="text/javascript" src="//0.gravatar.com/js/hovercards/hovercards.min.js?ver=202448f4980d8e1cc3e91fc638e6937ed764a50008b0b2c4d629358cfba6a39234c795" id="grofiles-cards-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpgroho-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var WPGroHo = {"my_hash":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/gravatar-hovercards/wpgroho.js?m=1610363240i'></script> <script> // Initialize and attach hovercards to all gravatars ( function() { function init() { if ( typeof Gravatar === 'undefined' ) { return; } if ( typeof Gravatar.init !== 'function' ) { return; } Gravatar.profile_cb = function ( hash, id ) { WPGroHo.syncProfileData( hash, id ); }; Gravatar.my_hash = WPGroHo.my_hash; Gravatar.init( 'body', '#wp-admin-bar-my-account', { i18n: { 'Edit your profile': 'Edit your profile', 'View profile': 'View profile', 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.': 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.', 'Profile not found.': 'Profile not found.', 'Too Many Requests.': 'Too Many Requests.', 'Internal Server Error.': 'Internal Server Error.', }, } ); } if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) { init(); } else { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init ); } } )(); </script> <div style="display:none"> <div class="grofile-hash-map-9e978c5ed8ba75df9a18f78f9e52642b"> </div> </div> <div id="actionbar" style="display: none;" class="actnbr-pub-wilson actnbr-has-follow"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-comment" href="https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/#comments"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-comment" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M12 16l-5 5v-5H5c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V5c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h14c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2v9c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-7z"/></g></svg> <span>Comment </span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-reblog" href=""> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-reblog" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M22.086 9.914L20 7.828V18c0 1.105-.895 2-2 2h-7v-2h7V7.828l-2.086 2.086L14.5 8.5 19 4l4.5 4.5-1.414 1.414zM6 16.172V6h7V4H6c-1.105 0-2 .895-2 2v10.172l-2.086-2.086L.5 15.5 5 20l4.5-4.5-1.414-1.414L6 16.172z"/></g></svg><span>Reblog</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner actnbr-follow-bubble"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://sohl.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 1x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=75&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 1.5x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=100&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 2x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=150&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 3x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=200&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 4x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> SOHL.COM </a> </li> <div class="actnbr-message no-display"></div> <form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" style="display: none;"> <div class="actnbr-follow-count">Join 32 other subscribers</div> <div> <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email address" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Enter your email address" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" /> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="107846770" /> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/comment-page-1/" /> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" /> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="724f9d538d" /> <div class="actnbr-button-wrap"> <button type="submit" value="Sign me up"> Sign me up </button> </div> </form> <li class="actnbr-login-nudge"> <div> Already have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fsohl.com%252F2011%252F01%252F18%252Freconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe%252F">Log in now.</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-ellipsis" height="24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M7 12c0 1.104-.896 2-2 2s-2-.896-2-2 .896-2 2-2 2 .896 2 2zm12-2c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2zm-7 0c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2z"/></g></svg> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-more"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://sohl.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 1x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=75&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 1.5x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=100&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 2x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=150&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 3x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/592f6d983e95de52299b8a8a2b365225cdbb2679b54541f04fc55557ebe8600b?s=200&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 4x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> SOHL.COM </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-customize"> <a href="https://sohlblog.wordpress.com/wp-admin/customize.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsohlblog.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F01%2F18%2Freconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe%2Fcomment-page-1%2F"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-customize" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M2 6c0-1.505.78-3.08 2-4 0 .845.69 2 2 2 1.657 0 3 1.343 3 3 0 .386-.08.752-.212 1.09.74.594 1.476 1.19 2.19 1.81L8.9 11.98c-.62-.716-1.214-1.454-1.807-2.192C6.753 9.92 6.387 10 6 10c-2.21 0-4-1.79-4-4zm12.152 6.848l1.34-1.34c.607.304 1.283.492 2.008.492 2.485 0 4.5-2.015 4.5-4.5 0-.725-.188-1.4-.493-2.007L18 9l-2-2 3.507-3.507C18.9 3.188 18.225 3 17.5 3 15.015 3 13 5.015 13 7.5c0 .725.188 1.4.493 2.007L3 20l2 2 6.848-6.848c1.885 1.928 3.874 3.753 5.977 5.45l1.425 1.148 1.5-1.5-1.15-1.425c-1.695-2.103-3.52-4.092-5.448-5.977z"/></g></svg> <span>Customize</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-follow"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-signup"><a href="https://wordpress.com/start/">Sign up</a></li> <li class="actnbr-login"><a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fsohl.com%252F2011%252F01%252F18%252Freconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe%252F">Log in</a></li> <li class="actnbr-shortlink"><a href="https://wp.me/p7ivS2-2N">Copy shortlink</a></li> <li class="flb-report"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://sohl.com/2011/01/18/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Report this content </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-reader"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/read/blogs/107846770/posts/173"> View post in Reader </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-subs"> <a href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/">Manage subscriptions</a> </li> <li class="actnbr-fold"><a href="">Collapse this bar</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <script> window.addEventListener( "load", function( event ) { var link = document.createElement( "link" ); link.href = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.css?v=20241015"; link.type = "text/css"; link.rel = "stylesheet"; document.head.appendChild( link ); var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.src = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.js?v=20231122"; script.defer = true; document.body.appendChild( script ); } ); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.WPCOM_sharing_counts = {"https:\/\/sohl.com\/2011\/01\/18\/reconstructing-the-quills-a-lost-american-panpipe\/":173}; </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="comment-like-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var comment_like_text = {"loading":"Loading...","swipeUrl":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/comment-likes\/js\/lib\/swipe.js?ver=20131008"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="verbum-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.VerbumComments = {"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a reply.":"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a reply.","Log in or provide your name and email to leave a comment.":"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a comment.","Receive web and mobile notifications for posts on this site.":"Receive web and mobile notifications for posts on this site.","Name":"Name","Email (address never made public)":"Email (address never made public)","Website (optional)":"Website (optional)","Leave a reply. (log in optional)":"Leave a reply. (log in optional)","Leave a comment. (log in optional)":"Leave a comment. (log in optional)","Log in to leave a reply.":"Log in to leave a reply.","Log in to leave a comment.":"Log in to leave a comment.","Logged in via %s":"Logged in via %s","Log out":"Log out","Email":"Email","(Address never made public)":"(Address never made public)","Instantly":"Instantly","Daily":"Daily","Reply":"Reply","Comment":"Comment","WordPress":"WordPress","Weekly":"Weekly","Notify me of new posts":"Notify me of new posts","Email me new posts":"Email me new posts","Email me new comments":"Email me new comments","Cancel":"Cancel","Write a comment...":"Write a comment...","Write a reply...":"Write a reply...","Website":"Website","Optional":"Optional","We'll keep you in the loop!":"We'll keep you in the loop!","Loading your comment...":"Loading your comment...","Discover more from":"Discover more from SOHL.COM","Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.":"Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.","Continue reading":"Continue reading","Never miss a beat!":"Never miss a beat!","Interested in getting blog post updates? Simply click the button below to stay in the loop!":"Interested in getting blog post updates? Simply click the button below to stay in the loop!","Enter your email address":"Enter your email address","Subscribe":"Subscribe","Comment sent successfully":"Comment sent successfully","Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.":"Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.","siteId":107846770,"postId":173,"mustLogIn":false,"requireNameEmail":true,"commentRegistration":false,"connectURL":"https:\/\/sohlblog.wordpress.com\/public.api\/connect\/?action=request&domain=sohl.com","logoutURL":"https:\/\/sohlblog.wordpress.com\/wp-login.php?action=logout&_wpnonce=0151358be9","homeURL":"https:\/\/sohl.com\/","subscribeToBlog":true,"subscribeToComment":true,"isJetpackCommentsLoggedIn":false,"jetpackUsername":"","jetpackUserId":0,"jetpackSignature":"","jetpackAvatar":"https:\/\/0.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=identicon&r=G","enableBlocks":true,"enableSubscriptionModal":true,"currentLocale":"en","isJetpackComments":false,"allowedBlocks":["core\/paragraph","core\/list","core\/code","core\/list-item","core\/quote","core\/image","core\/embed","core\/quote","core\/code"],"embedNonce":"0bbc833b6a","verbumBundleUrl":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/moon\/vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/features\/verbum-comments\/dist\/index.js","isRTL":false,"vbeCacheBuster":1721244820,"iframeUniqueId":0} /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJyNUctuwzAM+6G5WtZDdxn2KYNjK4kSv2bZ7fL3U5sGK9qg2MkGRVKUBKekTAwFQ4GRwceWHKrKmHUvmKLQxd3IL3DD81UlV3sKDI4mZPiuWHHQwTrMK5mCcdVKUVwtcYEjBhvzuZSimztybucpPPEesSRtJiXQKZnorwXJGMPqpmuJXpdC5oEOnA20lZwVcm6rlx7eSw8GzYzy2DloT0a5qO1f8I0kV6Faph3vgHthGdALLdUWTuRYwooi6CP1ulB8mHiTzhMlcQ+T6qKprDr62VrsmiNjcvPWOh/NRQ5sMqWyrOnJ2Hoi9ljUfvcKX2fdCnT5Qrb/ON7tzS4ey0V40Bmttna+fCn01/Sf/qM5vB2aw3vT7Mdflxb7OQ=='></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomfacebook', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtwitter', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomlinkedin', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=580,height=450' ); return false; } } ); } )(); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { var wpcom_reblog = { source: 'toolbar', toggle_reblog_box_flair: function (obj_id, post_id) { // Go to site selector. This will redirect to their blog if they only have one. const postEndpoint = `https://wordpress.com/post`; // Ideally we would use the permalink here, but fortunately this will be replaced with the // post permalink in the editor. const originalURL = `${ document.location.href }?page_id=${ post_id }`; const url = postEndpoint + '?url=' + encodeURIComponent( originalURL ) + '&is_post_share=true' + '&v=5'; const redirect = function () { if ( ! window.open( url, '_blank' ) ) { location.href = url; } }; if ( /Firefox/.test( navigator.userAgent ) ) { setTimeout( redirect, 0 ); } else { redirect(); } }, }; window.wpcom_reblog = wpcom_reblog; })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // <![CDATA[ (function() { try{ if ( window.external &&'msIsSiteMode' in window.external) { if (window.external.msIsSiteMode()) { var jl = document.createElement('script'); jl.type='text/javascript'; jl.async=true; jl.src='/wp-content/plugins/ie-sitemode/custom-jumplist.php'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(jl, s); } } }catch(e){} })(); // ]]> </script> <iframe src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/master.html?ver=20241129#ver=20241129&origin=https://sohl.com' scrolling='no' id='likes-master' name='likes-master' style='display:none;'></iframe> <div id='likes-other-gravatars' class='wpl-new-layout' role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <div class="likes-text"> <span>%d</span> </div> <ul class="wpl-avatars sd-like-gravatars"></ul> </div> <script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?67" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript"> _tkq = window._tkq || []; _stq = window._stq || []; _tkq.push(['storeContext', {'blog_id':'107846770','blog_tz':'0','user_lang':'en','blog_lang':'en','user_id':'0'}]); _stq.push(['view', {'blog':'107846770','v':'wpcom','tz':'0','user_id':'0','post':'173','subd':'sohlblog'}]); _stq.push(['extra', {'crypt':'UE40eW5QN0p8M2Y/RE1mNzc2NTVTamdsd0xoLz9RQkM2K298TXY9bERQMXc2MjhEaVZfb2wwakRoSj0mUkp1THptM1NdbkV1WjZIcU9mVWQmPUIvMlN6Jk8wW3NYVEJ3dWZOWExuWD8zdyVKZFh2U2QyLjg1M1RIbGE0dlY2QWxQL01fUWNORH40SF1VNTNTTDVQZndtbHZIfFFrNFM5aV1OMkY1bzRZSEF5YmhaRDFwLHdRJmFyL1tmUnNoJjNtVjg2VXRHMnwmUWhRNHd8VSUveGtsb1ZNcEcrcmR0fnJQRGY/ZkNMTFhiM3o5U3FiMDJ5OFBdZHYxK0lsQVhKWzZpMXMvLlg2T3VbVUlVMktCU1BxcHksM0owVFJZYmJuT0Rsbz9yaFY5MVNuP1NSTDRJWlkraithSVlwMC1DLSZNcjgza1UvaThILn5Xfis='}]); _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '107846770', '173' ]); </script> <noscript><img src="https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" style="height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:1px;" alt="" /></noscript> <script> ( function() { function getMobileUserAgentInfo() { if ( typeof wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info === 'object' ) { wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.init(); var mobileStatsQueryString = ''; if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_platforms' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_devices' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.isIPad() ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'ipad_views' + '=' + 'views'; } if ( mobileStatsQueryString != '' ) { new Image().src = document.location.protocol + '//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv' + mobileStatsQueryString + '&baba=' + Math.random(); } } } document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', getMobileUserAgentInfo ); } )(); </script> <script type='disabled' id='wp-enqueue-dynamic-script:wp-i18n:after:1'> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script> (function() { 'use strict'; const fetches = {}; const promises = {}; const urls = { 'wp-hooks': 'https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v19.7.0/build/hooks/index.min.js?m=1732574862i&ver=84e753e2b66eb7028d38', 'wp-i18n': 'https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v19.7.0/build/i18n/index.min.js?m=1732574862i&ver=bd5a2533e717a1043151', 'verbum': 'https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/moon/vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/verbum-comments.js?m=1731949294i&minify=false&ver=97043884103359931e09' }; const loaders = { 'verbum': () => { fetchExternalScript('wp-hooks'); fetchExternalScript('wp-i18n'); fetchExternalScript('verbum'); promises['wp-hooks'] = promises['wp-hooks'] || loadWPScript('wp-hooks'); promises['wp-i18n'] = promises['wp-i18n'] || promises['wp-hooks'].then( () => loadWPScript('wp-i18n') ); promises['verbum'] = promises['verbum'] || promises['wp-i18n'].then( () => loadWPScript('verbum') ); return promises['verbum']; }, }; const scriptExtras = { 'wp-i18n': { translations: 0, before: 0, after: 1 }, }; window.WP_Enqueue_Dynamic_Script = { loadScript: (handle) => { if (!loaders[handle]) { console.error('WP_Enqueue_Dynamic_Script: unregistered script `' + handle + '`.'); } return loaders[handle](); } }; function fetchExternalScript(handle) { if (!urls[handle]) { return Promise.resolve(); } fetches[handle] = fetches[handle] || fetch(urls[handle], { mode: 'no-cors' }); return fetches[handle]; } function runExtraScript(handle, type, index) { const id = 'wp-enqueue-dynamic-script:' + handle + ':' + type + ':' + (index + 1); const template = document.getElementById(id); if (!template) { return Promise.reject(); } const script = document.createElement( 'script' ); script.innerHTML = template.innerHTML; document.body.appendChild( script ); return Promise.resolve(); } function loadExternalScript(handle) { if (!urls[handle]) { return Promise.resolve(); } return fetches[handle].then(() => { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { const script = document.createElement('script'); script.onload = () => resolve(); script.onerror = (e) => reject(e); script.src = urls[handle]; document.body.appendChild(script); }); }); } function loadExtra(handle, pos) { const count = (scriptExtras[handle] && scriptExtras[handle][pos]) || 0; let promise = Promise.resolve(); for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) { promise = promise.then(() => runExtraScript(handle, pos, i)); } return promise; } function loadWPScript(handle) { // Core loads scripts in this order. See: https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress/blob/a59eb9d39c4fcba834b70c9e8dfd64feeec10ba6/wp-includes/class-wp-scripts.php#L428. return loadExtra(handle, 'translations') .then(() => loadExtra(handle, 'before')) .then(() => loadExternalScript(handle)) .then(() => loadExtra(handle, 'after')); } } )(); </script> </body> </html>