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interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocho_Inmortales_del_Part%C3%ADu_Comunista_de_China" title="Ocho Inmortales del Partíu Comunista de China – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ocho Inmortales del Partíu Comunista de China" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuit_Immortals" title="Vuit Immortals – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vuit Immortals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osm_nesmrteln%C3%BDch_Komunistick%C3%A9_strany_%C4%8C%C3%ADny" title="Osm nesmrtelných Komunistické strany Číny – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Osm nesmrtelných Komunistické strany Číny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BChrungsgenerationen_in_der_Volksrepublik_China" title="Führungsgenerationen in der Volksrepublik China – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Führungsgenerationen in der Volksrepublik China" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocho_Inmortales_del_Partido_Comunista_de_China" title="Ocho Inmortales del Partido Comunista de China – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ocho Inmortales del Partido Comunista de China" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="هشت بزرگ حزب کمونیست چین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هشت بزرگ حزب کمونیست چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huit_immortels_du_Parti_communiste_chinois" title="Huit immortels du Parti communiste chinois – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Huit immortels du Parti communiste chinois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/8%EB%8C%80_%EC%9B%90%EB%A1%9C" title="8대 원로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="8대 원로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delapan_Sesepuh_Partai_Komunis_Tiongkok" title="Delapan Sesepuh Partai Komunis Tiongkok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Delapan Sesepuh Partai Komunis Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_anziani_del_Partito_Comunista_Cinese" title="Otto anziani del Partito Comunista Cinese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Otto anziani del Partito Comunista Cinese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%83%E8%80%81" title="八大元老 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="八大元老" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_%C3%A5tte_eldste" title="De åtte eldste – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De åtte eldste" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oito_Anci%C3%B5es" title="Oito Anciões – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oito Anciões" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Восемь бессмертных Коммунистической партии Китая – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Восемь бессмертных Коммунистической партии Китая" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osem_nesmrte%C4%BEn%C3%BDch_Komunistickej_strany_%C4%8C%C3%ADny" title="Osem nesmrteľných Komunistickej strany Číny – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Osem nesmrteľných Komunistickej strany Číny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_%C3%A5tta_od%C3%B6dliga" title="De åtta odödliga – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="De åtta odödliga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AA" title="แปดผู้อาวุโส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แปดผู้อาวุโส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_Kom%C3%BCnist_Partisi%27nin_Sekiz_%C3%96l%C3%BCms%C3%BCz%C3%BC" title="Çin Komünist Partisi'nin Sekiz Ölümsüzü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin Komünist Partisi'nin Sekiz Ölümsüzü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9A%D0%9F%D0%9A" title="Вісім безсмертних КПК – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вісім безсмертних КПК" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1t_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_nguy%C3%AAn_l%C3%A3o" 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.hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the group of leadership members of the Chinese Communist Party during the 20th century. For the Taoist deities, see <a href="/wiki/Eight_Immortals" title="Eight Immortals">Eight Immortals</a>.</div> <p> The <b>Eight Great Eminent Officials</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">八大元老</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Bā dà yuánlǎo</span></i>), abbreviated as the <b>Eight Elders</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">八老</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Bā lǎo</span></i>), were a group of elderly members of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP) who held substantial power in the last two decades of the 20th century. In the English-speaking world, these men are often called <b>The Eight Immortals</b> as an <a href="/wiki/Allusion" title="Allusion">allusion</a> to the Taoist deities commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/Eight_Immortals" title="Eight Immortals">Eight Immortals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eight_Elders&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Central_Advisory_Commission" title="Central Advisory Commission">Central Advisory Commission</a> was the institutional power base of the Eight Elders.<sup id="cite_ref-:Hirata_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Hirata-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 277">: 277 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a>, who emerged as China's top leader in December 1978, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Plenary_Session_of_the_11th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee</a>, was the most powerful of the group, but his power was never absolute, and he had to consult and make compromises with the other seven Elders, of whom the most prominent were <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a> (considered the second and third in power, respectively, and both associated with the leftist hard-liners and opposition to <a href="/wiki/Gaigekaifang" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaigekaifang">reform</a> and market-oriented economy).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deng's allies among the Elders included <a href="/wiki/Yang_Shangkun" title="Yang Shangkun">Yang Shangkun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peng_Zhen" title="Peng Zhen">Peng Zhen</a>. </p><p>By the late 1980s, all Elders, including Deng himself, were united in opposition to further political reforms, while holding different views on economic and foreign affairs. </p><p>According to reformist General Secretary <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a>, of all the Elders, Li Xiannian was the most prominent, most active and most successful in opposing and blocking changes and reforms in both political and economic issues.<sup id="cite_ref-zhao_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhao-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Important decisions were often made in Deng's home. The Eight Elders were able to remove three Party leaders. <a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a> was gradually removed from Premier and Party chairman between 1980 and 1981; <a href="/wiki/Hu_Yaobang" title="Hu Yaobang">Hu Yaobang</a> was removed in 1987; and, <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a> was removed in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-scmp20120420xiang_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp20120420xiang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deng, the core of the eight Elders, retired after the 5th Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee (November 1989), when he resigned from his last official title (Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a>), and the rest of the Elders officially retired after the 14th Party Congress in October 1992 when the Central Advisory Commission was abolished. They still held decisive influence behind the scenes until Deng's death in February 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eight_Elders&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The membership was never formally stated. With <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> as the main holder of power, the eight elders are accepted to include:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs additional references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">additional citation(s) needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Image </th> <th>Position(s) Held </th> <th>Birthplace<br /><small>(Ancestry)</small> </th> <th>Ref </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a><br />(1904–1997) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deng_Xiaoping_at_the_arrival_ceremony_for_the_Vice_Premier_of_China_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Deng_Xiaoping_at_the_arrival_ceremony_for_the_Vice_Premier_of_China_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Deng_Xiaoping_at_the_arrival_ceremony_for_the_Vice_Premier_of_China_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Deng_Xiaoping_at_the_arrival_ceremony_for_the_Vice_Premier_of_China_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Deng_Xiaoping_at_the_arrival_ceremony_for_the_Vice_Premier_of_China_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Deng_Xiaoping_at_the_arrival_ceremony_for_the_Vice_Premier_of_China_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Deng_Xiaoping_at_the_arrival_ceremony_for_the_Vice_Premier_of_China_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="1147" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramount Leader">Paramount Leader</a> (1978–1989)<br /><a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Politburo Standing Committee">Politburo Standing Committee</a> (1977–1987)<br /><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Political Consultative Conference</a> Chairman (1978–1983)<br /><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> Chairman (1981–1989)<br /><a href="/wiki/Central_Advisory_Commission" title="Central Advisory Commission">Central Advisory Commission</a> Chairman (1982–1987) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a>, Sichuan<br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Jishui_County" title="Jishui County">Jishui</a>, Jiangxi)</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a><br />(1905–1995) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1959_Chen_Yun_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/1959_Chen_Yun_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-1959_Chen_Yun_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/1959_Chen_Yun_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-1959_Chen_Yun_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/1959_Chen_Yun_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-1959_Chen_Yun_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="402" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Politburo Standing Committee">Politburo Standing Committee</a> (1978–1987)<br /><a href="/wiki/Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a> First Secretary (1979–1987)<br /><a href="/wiki/Central_Advisory_Commission" title="Central Advisory Commission">Central Advisory Commission</a> Chairman (1987–1992) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qingpu,_Shanghai" title="Qingpu, Shanghai">Qingpu</a>, Shanghai </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a><br />(1909–1992) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Li_Xiannian1985.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Li_Xiannian1985.jpg/100px-Li_Xiannian1985.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Li_Xiannian1985.jpg/150px-Li_Xiannian1985.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Li_Xiannian1985.jpg/200px-Li_Xiannian1985.jpg 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="727" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Politburo Standing Committee">Politburo Standing Committee</a> (1977–1987)<br /><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_PRC" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the PRC">President of the PRC</a> (1983–1988)<br /><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a> Chairman (1988–1992) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huang%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Huang'an">Huang'an</a>, Hubei </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Peng_Zhen" title="Peng Zhen">Peng Zhen</a><br />(1902–1997) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhou_Enlai,_Peng_Zhen_and_Zhang_Junqiu_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Zhou_Enlai%2C_Peng_Zhen_and_Zhang_Junqiu_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="94" data-file-height="148" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a> (1983–1988) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Shanxi" title="Houma, Shanxi">Houma</a>, Shanxi </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Yang_Shangkun" title="Yang Shangkun">Yang Shangkun</a><br />(1907–1998) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yang_Shangkun_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Yang_Shangkun_2.jpg/100px-Yang_Shangkun_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Yang_Shangkun_2.jpg/150px-Yang_Shangkun_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Yang_Shangkun_2.jpg/200px-Yang_Shangkun_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="613" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_PRC" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the PRC">President of the PRC</a> (1988–1993)<br /><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> Vice chairman (1982–1992) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tongnan,_Chongqing" title="Tongnan, Chongqing">Tongnan</a>, Chongqing </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Bo_Yibo" title="Bo Yibo">Bo Yibo</a><br />(1908–2007) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boyibo1946.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Boyibo1946.jpg/100px-Boyibo1946.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Boyibo1946.jpg/150px-Boyibo1946.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Boyibo1946.jpg/200px-Boyibo1946.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="695" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Advisory_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Advisory Committee">Central Advisory Committee</a> Vice chairman (1982–1992) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dingxiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Dingxiang">Dingxiang</a>, Shanxi </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhen_(general)" title="Wang Zhen (general)">Wang Zhen</a><br />(1908–1993) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wangzhen1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Wangzhen1955.jpg/100px-Wangzhen1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Wangzhen1955.jpg/150px-Wangzhen1955.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Wangzhen1955.jpg/200px-Wangzhen1955.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="443" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of the People's Republic of China">Vice President of the People's Republic of China</a> (1988–1993)<br /><a href="/wiki/Central_Advisory_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Advisory Committee">Central Advisory Committee</a> Vice chairman (1985–1992) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang">Liuyang</a>, Hunan </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Song_Renqiong" title="Song Renqiong">Song Renqiong</a><br />(1909–2005) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Songrenqiong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Songrenqiong.jpg/100px-Songrenqiong.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Songrenqiong.jpg/150px-Songrenqiong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Songrenqiong.jpg/200px-Songrenqiong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="443" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Advisory_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Advisory Committee">Central Advisory Committee</a> Vice chairman (1985–1992) </td> <td>Liuyang, Hunan </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Deng_Yingchao" title="Deng Yingchao">Deng Yingchao</a><br />(1904–1992) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deng_Yingchao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Deng Yingchao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Deng_Yingchao.jpg/100px-Deng_Yingchao.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Deng_Yingchao.jpg/150px-Deng_Yingchao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Deng_Yingchao.jpg/199px-Deng_Yingchao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="478" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a> Chairwoman (1983–1988) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a>, Guangxi<br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Guangshan_County" title="Guangshan County">Guangshan</a>, Henan)</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="Xi Zhongxun">Xi Zhongxun</a><br />(1913–2002) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi_Zhongxun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Xi_Zhongxun.jpg/100px-Xi_Zhongxun.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Xi_Zhongxun.jpg/150px-Xi_Zhongxun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Xi_Zhongxun.jpg/200px-Xi_Zhongxun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="284" data-file-height="347" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CCP_Politburo" class="mw-redirect" title="CCP Politburo">CCP Politburo</a> (1982–1987)<br /><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a> Vice Chairman (1988–1993) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fuping_County,_Shaanxi" title="Fuping County, Shaanxi">Fuping</a>, Shaanxi<br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a>, Henan)</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Wan_Li" title="Wan Li">Wan Li</a><br />(1916–2015) </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China">Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China</a> (1980–1988)<br /><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a> (1988–1993)<br /><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP Politburo</a> (1982–1992) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dongping_County,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongping County, Shandong">Dongping</a>, Shandong </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Timeline of the life span of members</dt></dl> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_ap2luwz3d6zl8wytlp62ygzyburme6m"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Wan_Li" coords="623,182,701,206" title="Wan Li" alt="Wan Li" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" coords="553,164,665,188" title="Xi Zhongxun" alt="Xi Zhongxun" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Song_Renqiong" coords="569,146,694,170" title="Song Renqiong" alt="Song Renqiong" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Deng_Yingchao" coords="500,128,625,152" title="Deng Yingchao" alt="Deng Yingchao" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Bo_Yibo" coords="580,109,665,133" title="Bo Yibo" alt="Bo Yibo" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Yang_Shangkun" coords="532,91,657,115" title="Yang Shangkun" alt="Yang Shangkun" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" coords="516,73,608,97" title="Chen Yun" alt="Chen Yun" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Wang_Zhen" coords="505,55,604,79" title="Wang Zhen" alt="Wang Zhen" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Peng_Zhen" coords="527,37,625,61" title="Peng Zhen" alt="Peng Zhen" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" coords="500,19,612,43" title="Li Xiannian" alt="Li Xiannian" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" coords="527,0,652,24" title="Deng Xiaoping" alt="Deng Xiaoping" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_ap2luwz3d6zl8wytlp62ygzyburme6m" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/ap2luwz3d6zl8wytlp62ygzyburme6m.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descendants">Descendants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eight_Elders&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Descendants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Descendants of the eight Elders who have benefited significantly from nepotism and cronyism constitute a group now known as "the <a href="/wiki/Princelings" title="Princelings">Princelings</a>" or the "Crown Prince Party". Its members, rising through party ranks, can easily overrule any opposition in their jurisdictions, even if they are assigned to a local administrative position. They are often seen to outrank other party officials and possess greater prestige due to their lineage.<sup id="cite_ref-scmp20120420xiang_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp20120420xiang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P."><i>Bloomberg</i></a> has reported on the extensive wealth accumulated by these descendants via their roles in various public and private companies.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eight_Elders&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"> <caption>Membership according to various authors </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>LA Times 1992<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Tkacik 2004<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>SCMP 2008<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Bloomberg 2012<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Andrésy 2015<sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Bendini 2016<sup id="cite_ref-:5_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Deng Xiaoping </td> <td>Deng Xiaoping </td> <td>Deng Xiaoping </td> <td>Deng Xiaoping </td> <td>Deng Xiaoping </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>Yang Shangkun </td> <td>Yang Zhangkun </td> <td>Yang Shangkun </td> <td>Yang Shangkun </td> <td>Yang Shangkun </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Chen Yun </td> <td>Chen Yun </td> <td>Chen Yun </td> <td>Chen Yun </td> <td>Chen Yun </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Li Xiannian </td> <td>Li Xiannian </td> <td>Li Xiannian </td> <td>Li Xiannian </td> <td>Li Xiannian </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Peng Zhen </td> <td>Peng Zhen </td> <td>Peng Zhen </td> <td>Peng Zhen </td> <td>Peng Zhen </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Wang Zhen </td> <td>Wang Zhen </td> <td>Wang Zhen </td> <td>Wang Zhen </td> <td>Wang Zhen </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>Bo Yibo </td> <td>Bo Yibo </td> <td>Bo Yibo </td> <td>Bo Yibo </td> <td>Bo Yibo </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>Song Renqiong </td> <td> </td> <td>Song Renqiong </td> <td>Song Renqiong </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td> </td> <td>Deng Yingchao </td> <td>Deng Yingchao </td> <td> </td> <td>Deng Yingchao </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Others </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Xi Zhongxun </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Xi Zhongxun </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Wan Li </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eight_Elders&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJoseph2010" class="citation book cs1">Joseph, William A. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kk80evDTZIYC&pg=PA112"><i>Politics in China: An Introduction</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533530-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533530-9"><bdi>978-0-19-533530-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+in+China%3A+An+Introduction&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-533530-9&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkk80evDTZIYC%26pg%3DPA112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEight+Elders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Hirata-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Hirata_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirata2024" class="citation book cs1">Hirata, Koji (2024). <i>Making Mao's Steelworks: Industrial Manchuria and the Transnational Origins of Chinese Socialism</i>. Cambridge Studies in the History of the People's Republic of China series. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-009-38227-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-009-38227-4"><bdi>978-1-009-38227-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Mao%27s+Steelworks%3A+Industrial+Manchuria+and+the+Transnational+Origins+of+Chinese+Socialism&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.series=Cambridge+Studies+in+the+History+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China+series&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1-009-38227-4&rft.aulast=Hirata&rft.aufirst=Koji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEight+Elders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhao2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao, Ziyang</a> (May 19, 2009). Ignatius, Adi; Pu, Bao; Chiang, Renee (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_3WTqOaAOWkC"><i>Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-5407-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-5407-6"><bdi>978-1-4391-5407-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prisoner+of+the+State%3A+The+Secret+Journal+of+Premier+Zhao+Ziyang&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2009-05-19&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-5407-6&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Ziyang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_3WTqOaAOWkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEight+Elders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zhao-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zhao_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacFarquhar, Roderick. "Foreword" in Zhao Ziyang (2009). Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Zhao Ziyang. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4391-4938-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-4391-4938-0">1-4391-4938-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scmp20120420xiang-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scmp20120420xiang_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scmp20120420xiang_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Xiang, Lanxin (April 20, 2012). 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Graphics: Chloe Whiteaker, Fan Wenxin, Michael Wei, Danny Dougherty and Phil Kuntz. Reporting: Michael Forsythe, Shai Oster, Dune Lawrence, Natasha Khan and Henry Sanderson<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Mapping+China%27s+Red+Nobility&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fgraphics%2F2012-mapping-chinas-red-nobility%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEight+Elders" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolley1992" class="citation web cs1">Holley, David (January 12, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-01-12-mn-393-story.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Eight Elders' Wield Power Behind the Scenes in China"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929215434/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-01-12-mn-393-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=%27Eight+Elders%27+Wield+Power+Behind+the+Scenes+in+China&rft.date=1992-01-12&rft.aulast=Holley&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1992-01-12-mn-393-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEight+Elders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrésy2015" class="citation book cs1">Andrésy, Agnès (November 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F6jTCgAAQBAJ"><i>Xi Jinping: Red China, The Next Generation</i></a>. UPA. p. 142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-6601-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-6601-5"><bdi>978-0-7618-6601-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Xi+Jinping%3A+Red+China%2C+The+Next+Generation&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=UPA&rft.date=2015-11-20&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-6601-5&rft.aulast=Andr%C3%A9sy&rft.aufirst=Agn%C3%A8s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF6jTCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEight+Elders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBendini2016" class="citation web cs1">Bendini, Roberto (June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2016/570470/EXPO_IDA(2016)570470_EN.pdf">"The Cultural Revolution in China: its 50th anniversary was ignored but its legacy lives on today"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>europarl.europa.eu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160911162643/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2016/570470/EXPO_IDA(2016)570470_EN.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=europarl.europa.eu&rft.atitle=The+Cultural+Revolution+in+China%3A+its+50th+anniversary+was+ignored+but+its+legacy+lives+on+today&rft.date=2016-06&rft.aulast=Bendini&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2FRegData%2Fetudes%2FIDAN%2F2016%2F570470%2FEXPO_IDA%282016%29570470_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEight+Elders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-26/immortals-beget-china-capitalism-from-citic-to-godfather-of-golf.html">"Heirs of Mao's Comrades Rise as New Capitalist Nobility"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121227134448/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-26/immortals-beget-china-capitalism-from-citic-to-godfather-of-golf.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Heirs+of+Mao%27s+Comrades+Rise+as+New+Capitalist+Nobility&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2012-12-26%2Fimmortals-beget-china-capitalism-from-citic-to-godfather-of-golf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEight+Elders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eight_Elders&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/97/0509/nat7.html">AsiaWeek article</a></li> <li>John Ruwitch '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081004144914/http://uk.reuters.com/article/featuresNews/idUKHKG18826120070914?pageNumber=1">China's leaders tug strings of power in retirement</a>' (<a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Chinese Communist Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Central Committee</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Leader</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Duxiu" title="Chen Duxiu">Chen Duxiu</a> (1921–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Zhongfa" title="Xiang Zhongfa">Xiang Zhongfa</a> (1928–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Gu" title="Bo Gu">Bo Gu</a> (1931–1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Wentian" title="Zhang Wentian">Zhang Wentian</a> (1935–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> (1943–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a> (1976–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Yaobang" title="Hu Yaobang">Hu Yaobang</a> (1981–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a> (1989–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a> (2002–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> (2012–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Decision-making bodies</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Departments</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Publicity Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="International Department of the Chinese Communist Party">International Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Work_Department" title="Social Work Department">Social Work Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission">Political and Legal Affairs Commission</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Directly administered</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Office of the Chinese Communist Party">General Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Office of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">Office of the General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Bureau" title="Central Guard Bureau">Central Guard Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Regiment" title="Central Guard Regiment">Central Guard Unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_of_State_Secrets_Protection" title="National Administration of State Secrets Protection">Secrecy Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Cryptography_Administration" title="State Cryptography Administration">Cryptography Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Administration_of_China" title="National Archives Administration of China">Central Archives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Policy_Research_Office" title="Central Policy Research Office">Policy Research Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Commissions<br />for co-ordination</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Auditing Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">Auditing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms_Commission" title="Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission">Comprehensively Deepening Reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensive_Law-based_Governance_Commission" title="Central Comprehensive Law-based Governance Commission">Comprehensive Law-based Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_Commission" title="Central Financial Commission">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Financial and Economic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Cyberspace_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission">Cyberspace Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace_Administration_of_China" title="Cyberspace Administration of China">Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military-Civil_Fusion_Development_Committee" title="Central Military-Civil Fusion Development Committee">Integrated Military and Civilian Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Science_and_Technology_Commission" title="Central Science and Technology Commission">Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guidance_Commission_on_Building_Spiritual_Civilization" title="Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization">Spiritual Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Institutional_Organization_Commission" title="Central Institutional Organization Commission">Institutional Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Public_Sector_Reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of Public Sector Reform (page does not exist)">Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Secrecy_Commission" title="Central Secrecy Commission">Secrecy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_of_State_Secrets_Protection" title="National Administration of State Secrets Protection">Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Health_Commission" title="Central Health Commission">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Committee_on_Party_and_State_Merit_and_Honor_Commendation" title="Working Committee on Party and State Merit and Honor Commendation">Party and State Merit and Honor Commendation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Air_Traffic_Management_Committee" title="Central Air Traffic Management Committee">Air Traffic Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Dispatched institutions<br />for co-ordination</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Working_Committee_of_Central_and_State_Organs" title="Working Committee of Central and State Organs">Working Committee of Central and State Organs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_Work_Commission" title="Central Financial Work Commission">Central Financial Work Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Liaison_Office" title="Hong Kong Liaison Office">Hong Kong Work Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Liaison_Office" title="Macau Liaison Office">Macau Work Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security">Office for Safeguarding National Security</a> in Hong Kong</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Leading_small_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading small group"><span style="color: white">Leading groups</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Leading_Group_for_Cryptography_Work&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Leading Group for Cryptography Work (page does not exist)">Cryptography Work</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Cryptography_Administration" title="State Cryptography Administration">Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Education_Work_Leading_Group" title="Central Education Work Leading Group">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Rural_Work_Leading_Group" title="Central Rural Work Leading Group">Rural Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Inspection_Work" title="Central Leading Group for Inspection Work">Inspection Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Military_Reform" title="Central Leading Group for Military Reform">Military Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Propaganda,_Ideology_and_Culture" title="Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture">Propaganda, Ideology and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Party_Building" title="Central Leading Group for Party Building">Party Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_United_Front_Work" title="Central Leading Group for United Front Work">United Front Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Taiwan_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs">Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_on_Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs">Hong Kong and Macau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office">Office</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Party_School" title="Central Party School">Central Party School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Governance" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Academy of Governance">Chinese Academy of Governance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Party_History_and_Literature" title="Institute of Party History and Literature">Institute of Party History and Literature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qiushi" title="Qiushi">Qiushi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guangming_Daily" title="Guangming Daily">Guangming Daily</a></i></li> <li>Executive Leadership Academies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Executive_Leadership_Academy_Pudong" title="China Executive Leadership Academy Pudong">Pudong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Executive_Leadership_Academy_Yan%27an" title="China Executive Leadership Academy Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Executive_Leadership_Academy_Jinggangshan" title="China Executive Leadership Academy Jinggangshan">Jinggangshan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">National Congress</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">1st (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="2nd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">2nd (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="3rd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">3rd (1923)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="4th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">4th (1925)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="5th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">5th (1927)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="6th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">6th (1928)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="7th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">7th (1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="8th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">8th (1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">9th (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="10th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">10th (1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="11th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">11th (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="12th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">12th (1982)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="13th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">13th (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">14th (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">15th (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">16th (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">17th (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">18th (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">19th (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">20th (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;">Leadership sittings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Elected by the<br />Central Committee</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Politburo Standing Committee</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4th_Central_Bureau_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="4th Central Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party">4th: 1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="5th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">5th: 1927–1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="6th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">6th: 1928–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="7th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">7th: 1945–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="8th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="9th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">9th: 1969–1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="10th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">10th: 1973–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="11th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">11th: 1977–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="12th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="13th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="15th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Politburo</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Central_Leading_Organisation_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="3rd Central Leading Organisation of the Chinese Communist Party">3rd: 1923–1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Central_Bureau_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="4th Central Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party">4th: 1925–1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="5th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">5th: 1927–1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="6th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">6th: 1928–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="7th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">7th: 1945–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="8th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="9th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">9th: 1969–1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="10th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">10th: 1973–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="11th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">11th: 1977–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="13th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)"><span style="color: white">Military Commission</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Central_Revolutionary_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">7th: 1945–1949 & 1954–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">9th: 1969–1973</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">10th: 1973–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">11th: 1977–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=16th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=17th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="17th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=18th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="18th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=19th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="19th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=20th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Approved by the<br />Central Committee</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Secretariat</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="8th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="11th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">11th: 1980–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="12th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="13th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="15th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection"><span style="color: white">CCDI Standing Committee</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium_of_the_7th_Central_Supervisory_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidium of the 7th Central Supervisory Commission (page does not exist)">7th 1949–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium_of_the_8th_Central_Supervisory_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidium of the 8th Central Supervisory Commission (page does not exist)">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Committee_of_the_11th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Committee of the 11th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">11th: 1978–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Committee_of_the_12th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Committee of the 12th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Committee_of_the_13th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Committee of the 13th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Committee_of_the_14th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Committee of the 14th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_15th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 15th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_16th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 16th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Committee_of_the_17th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Committee of the 17th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_18th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_19th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection"><span style="color: white">CCDI Secretary</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_De" title="Zhu De">Zhu De</a> (1949–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Biwu" title="Dong Biwu">Dong Biwu</a> (1955–68)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a> (1978–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Shi" title="Qiao Shi">Qiao Shi</a> (1987–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Jianxing" title="Wei Jianxing">Wei Jianxing</a> (1992–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Guanzheng" title="Wu Guanzheng">Wu Guanzheng</a> (2002–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Guoqiang" title="He Guoqiang">He Guoqiang</a> (2007–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Qishan" title="Wang Qishan">Wang Qishan</a> (2012–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a> (2017–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Secretary General of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Secretary General of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;">Elected by<br />National Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Central Committee</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Central_Bureau_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="1st Central Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party">1st: 1921–1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="2nd Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">2nd: 1922–1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="3rd Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">3rd: 1923–1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="4th Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">4th: 1925–1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="5th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">5th: 1927–1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="6th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">6th: 1928–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="7th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">7th: 1945–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="8th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="9th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">9th: 1969–1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="10th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">10th: 1973–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">11th: 1977–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Central Commission for Discipline Inspection"><span style="color: white">Discipline Inspection</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5th_Central_Supervisory_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5th Central Supervisory Commission (page does not exist)">5th: 1927–1928</a></li> <li>6th: <a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Central_Review_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Central Review Committee (page does not exist)">1928–1933</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Party_Affairs_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Party Affairs Commission (page does not exist)">1933–1945</a></li> <li>7th: <a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">1949–1955</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Central_Supervisory_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Central Supervisory Commission (page does not exist)">1955–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Central_Supervisory_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Central Supervisory Commission (page does not exist)">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">11th: 1978–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">15th: 1997–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="16th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="17th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;">Wider organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_CCP" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the CCP">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia (China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Youth_League_of_China" title="Communist Youth League of China">Communist Youth League of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Pioneers_of_China" title="Young Pioneers of China">Young Pioneers of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front (China)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_organization" title="People's organization">People's organization</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Ideologies</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong_Thought" class="mw-redirect" title="Mao Zedong Thought">Mao Zedong Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping_Theory" title="Deng Xiaoping Theory">Deng Xiaoping Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Represents" title="Three Represents">Three Represents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Outlook_on_Development" title="Scientific Outlook on Development">Scientific Outlook on Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color:white">Groupings</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_clique" title="Shanghai clique">Shanghai clique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanpai" title="Tuanpai">Tuanpai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_clique" title="Tsinghua clique">Tsinghua clique</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eight Elders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princelings" title="Princelings">Princelings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_clique" title="Fujian clique">Fujian clique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zhijiang_Army" title="New Zhijiang Army">New Zhijiang Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishan_Society" title="Xishan Society">Xishan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_Bolsheviks" title="28 Bolsheviks">28 Bolsheviks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuanggui" title="Shuanggui">Shuanggui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoauthoritarianism_(China)" title="Neoauthoritarianism (China)">Neoauthoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_campaigns_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="List of 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