CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Lemn - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )rowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ianuarie","februarie","martie","aprilie","mai","iunie","iulie","august","septembrie","octombrie","noiembrie","decembrie"],"wgRequestId":"6179756a-fbe5-44d1-a302-71463f513882","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Lemn","wgTitle":"Lemn","wgCurRevisionId":16849448,"wgRevisionId":16849448,"wgArticleId":168441,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NDL","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NKC","Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate","Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN","Lemn"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Lemn","wgRelevantArticleId":168441,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ro","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ro"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q287","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wood-1.jpg/1200px-Wood-1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wood-1.jpg/960px-Wood-1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Lemn - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemn"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificare" href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ro)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ro.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemn"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Abonare Atom" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Lemn rootpage-Lemn skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Sari la conținut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Meniul principal" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Meniul principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Meniul principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Meniul principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Vedeți pagina principală [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principală</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente" title="Lista ultimelor schimbări realizate în acest wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Schimbări recente</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cafenea" title="Informații despre evenimentele curente"><span>Cafenea</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Aleatoriu" title="Afișează o pagină aleatoare [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Articol aleatoriu</span></a></li><li id="n-Facebook" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/WikipediaRomana" rel="nofollow"><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Participare" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Participare" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Participare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Cum-încep-pe-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Bun_venit"><span>Cum încep pe Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Cuprins" title="Locul în care găsiți ajutor"><span>Ajutor</span></a></li><li id="n-Portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:R%C4%83sfoire"><span>Portaluri tematice</span></a></li><li id="n-Articole-cerute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articole_cerute"><span>Articole cerute</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="enciclopedia liberă" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ro.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:C%C4%83utare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia" aria-label="Căutare în Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Căutare</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Unelte personale"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspect" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspect</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro" class=""><span>Donații</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Lemn" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu" class=""><span>Creare cont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Lemn" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Autentificare</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte personale" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte personale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Meniul de utilizator" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro"><span>Donații</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Lemn" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creare cont</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Lemn" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Autentificare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cuprins" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Botanica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Botanica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Botanica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Botanica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Botanica subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Botanica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Structura_lemnului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structura_lemnului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Structura lemnului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structura_lemnului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compoziția_chimică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compoziția_chimică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Compoziția chimică</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compoziția_chimică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietăți_fizice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietăți_fizice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Proprietăți fizice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietăți_fizice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anizotropie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anizotropie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Anizotropie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anizotropie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietăți_higroscopice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietăți_higroscopice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Proprietăți higroscopice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietăți_higroscopice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietăți_acustice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietăți_acustice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Proprietăți acustice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietăți_acustice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietăți_termice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietăți_termice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>Proprietăți termice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietăți_termice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formarea_lemnului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formarea_lemnului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Formarea lemnului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formarea_lemnului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alterarea_lemnului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alterarea_lemnului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Alterarea lemnului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alterarea_lemnului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilizări" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilizări"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Utilizări</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilizări-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produse_din_lemn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produse_din_lemn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Produse din lemn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Produse_din_lemn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lemn</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 152 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-152" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">152 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hout" title="Hout – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hout" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holz" title="Holz – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Holz" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A8%E1%89%B5" title="እንጨት – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እንጨት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fusta" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holt" title="Holt – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Holt" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A8" title="خشب – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خشب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%A3%DC%90" title="ܩܝܣܐ – aramaică" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܝܣܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A8" title="خشب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خشب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madera" title="Madera – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Madera" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxta" title="Taxta – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Taxta" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AC_(%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="آغاج (ماده) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آغاج (ماده)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D2%99%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Үҙағас – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Үҙағас" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoiz" title="Hoiz – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Hoiz" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C4%97ina" title="Medėina – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Medėina" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahoy" title="Kahoy – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kahoy" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Драўніна – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Драўніна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Драўніна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Драўніна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Дървесина – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дървесина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="लकड़ी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लकड़ी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0" title="কাঠ – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাঠ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koad" title="Koad – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Koad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drvo_(materijal)" title="Drvo (materijal) – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Drvo (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fusta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A0" title="Chà – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chà" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahoy" title="Kahoy – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kahoy" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%93" title="ᎠᏓ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏓ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8E%D9%88" title="چێو – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چێو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9Fa%C3%A7" title="Ağaç – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ağaç" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%99evo" title="Dřevo – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dřevo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8B%D0%B2%C4%83%C3%A7_(%D0%B9%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85)" title="Йывăç (йăмлăх) – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йывăç (йăмлăх)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pren" title="Pren – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pren" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A6_(materiale)" title="Træ (materiale) – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Træ (materiale)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holz" title="Holz – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Holz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textci" title="Textci – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Textci" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9E%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Ξύλο – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ξύλο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8gn" title="Lègn – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Lègn" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood" title="Wood – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wood" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligno" title="Ligno – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ligno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madera" title="Madera – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Madera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puit" title="Puit – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Puit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zur" title="Zur – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maera" title="Maera – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Maera" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A8" title="چوب – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چوب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuaines" title="Puuaines – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puuaines" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kau" title="Kau – fijiană" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kau" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois" title="Bois – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holt" title="Holt – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Holt" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hout" title="Hout – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hout" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhmad" title="Adhmad – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Adhmad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8" title="木 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="木" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwa" title="Bwa – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Bwa" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiodh" title="Fiodh – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fiodh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvyra" title="Yvyra – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvyra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taap%C3%BCla" title="Taapüla – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Taapüla" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katako" title="Katako – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Katako" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muk" title="Muk – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Muk" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A5_(%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%9D)" title="עץ (חומר גלם) – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עץ (חומר גלם)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="लकड़ी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लकड़ी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakrri" title="Lakrri – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Lakrri" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drvo_(materijal)" title="Drvo (materijal) – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Drvo (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwa" title="Bwa – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bwa" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa_(anyag)" title="Fa (anyag) – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fa (anyag)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BF" title="Փայտ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փայտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligno" title="Ligno – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ligno" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kayu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%83k%C3%BA" title="Ńkú – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ńkú" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiruk" title="Qiruk – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Qiruk" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligno" title="Ligno – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ligno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%B0ur" title="Viður – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Viður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legno" title="Legno – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Legno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="木材" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kayu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მერქანი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მერქანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%C9%A3a%E1%B9%9B" title="Asɣaṛ – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asɣaṛ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%89ee%C9%A3a" title="Ɖeeɣa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɖeeɣa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%88_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Ағаш (материал) – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ағаш (материал)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A9%EC%9E%AC" title="목재 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="목재" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Жыгач – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жыгач" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignum" title="Lignum – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lignum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holz_(Material)" title="Holz (Material) – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Holz (Material)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenio" title="Lenio – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lenio" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hout" title="Hout – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hout" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legn" title="Legn – lombardă" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Legn" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediena" title="Mediena – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mediena" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koksne" title="Koksne – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Koksne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaju" title="Kaju – madureză" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Kaju" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madureză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazo_(akora)" title="Hazo (akora) – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hazo (akora)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kayu" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="തടി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1" title="लाकूड – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लाकूड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kayu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injam" title="Injam – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Injam" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="သစ်သား – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သစ်သား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88" title="چو – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignammo" title="Lignammo – napolitană" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lignammo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holt_(Bostoff)" title="Holt (Bostoff) – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Holt (Bostoff)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holt" title="Holt – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Holt" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%81" title="सिँ – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सिँ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hout" title="Hout – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hout" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevirke" title="Trevirke – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Trevirke" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treverk" title="Treverk – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Treverk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fusta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuaines" title="Puuaines – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Puuaines" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%9C" title="ਲੱਕੜ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੱਕੜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2" title="Bò – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Bò" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drewno_(technika)" title="Drewno (technika) – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Drewno (technika)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2sch" title="Bòsch – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bòsch" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DA%A9%DA%91%DB%8C" title="لکڑی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لکڑی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%DA%AB%DB%8C" title="لرګی – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لرګی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27iru" title="Q'iru – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'iru" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemnu" title="Lemnu – aromână" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Lemnu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromână" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Древесина – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Древесина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B4" title="ᱠᱟᱴ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱴ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignu_(materia)" title="Lignu (materia) – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lignu (materia)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wid" title="Wid – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%BA" title="ڪاٺ – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪاٺ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drvo_(materijal)" title="Drvo (materijal) – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Drvo (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akccu%E1%B8%8D" title="Akccuḍ – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Akccuḍ" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood" title="Wood – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wood" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drevo" title="Drevo – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Drevo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les" title="Les – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Les" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alwaax" title="Alwaax – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Alwaax" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druri" title="Druri – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Druri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Дрво (материјал) – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дрво (материјал)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai" title="Kai – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kai" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A4" title="Trä – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Trä" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubao" title="Ubao – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ubao" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D)" title="மரம் (மூலப்பொருள்) – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மரம் (மூலப்பொருள்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95" title="చెక్క – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చెక్క" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%AF%D0%B1" title="Чӯб – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чӯб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89" title="ไม้ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไม้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahoy" title="Kahoy – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kahoy" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAkau_(langa)" title="ʻAkau (langa) – tongană" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻAkau (langa)" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahta" title="Tahta – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tahta" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Үзагач – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Үзагач" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Деревина – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Деревина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DA%A9%DA%91%DB%8C" title="لکڑی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لکڑی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yog%CA%BBoch" title="Yogʻoch – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yogʻoch" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81egno" title="Łegno – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łegno" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu_(material)" title="Pu (material) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Pu (material)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%E1%BB%97" title="Gỗ – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gỗ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out" title="Out – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Out" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boad" title="Boad – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Boad" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahoy" title="Kahoy – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kahoy" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="木材" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A5" title="האלץ – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="האלץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="木材" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%A2" title="Chhâ – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhâ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8" title="木 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="木" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukhuni" title="Ukhuni – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukhuni" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q287#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lemn" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Lemn" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lemn"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lemn"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Lemn" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Lemn" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fișier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&oldid=16849448" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Lemn&id=16849448&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLemn"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLemn"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Lemn"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lemn&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wood" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q287" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wood-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wood-1.jpg/330px-Wood-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wood-1.jpg/500px-Wood-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wood-1.jpg/960px-Wood-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Verschiedene_holzarten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Verschiedene_holzarten.jpg/300px-Verschiedene_holzarten.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="425" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Verschiedene_holzarten.jpg/450px-Verschiedene_holzarten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Verschiedene_holzarten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Oval_Stool_with_Incised_Carving_LACMA_AC1993.218.11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Oval_Stool_with_Incised_Carving_LACMA_AC1993.218.11.jpg/300px-Oval_Stool_with_Incised_Carving_LACMA_AC1993.218.11.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Oval_Stool_with_Incised_Carving_LACMA_AC1993.218.11.jpg/450px-Oval_Stool_with_Incised_Carving_LACMA_AC1993.218.11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Oval_Stool_with_Incised_Carving_LACMA_AC1993.218.11.jpg/600px-Oval_Stool_with_Incised_Carving_LACMA_AC1993.218.11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1668" /></a><figcaption>Piesă de mobilier originară din nordul <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeriei</a> ce este expusă în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Los Angeles County Museum of Art — pagină inexistentă">Los Angeles County Museum of Art</a> din <a href="/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Statele Unite ale Americii">Statele Unite ale Americii</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Lemnul</b> este un material natural care provine din plantele lemnoase, arbori, arbuști etc., fiind compus în majoritate din <a href="/wiki/Celuloz%C4%83" title="Celuloză">celuloză</a> și <a href="/wiki/Lignin%C4%83" title="Lignină">lignină</a> și în mică parte din <a href="/wiki/Gum%C4%83" title="Gumă">gume</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83%C8%99in%C4%83" class="mw-disambig" title="Rășină">rășini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Materii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materii — pagină inexistentă">materii</a> <a href="/wiki/Tanin" title="Tanin">tanante</a> și materii colorante. </p><p>Lemnul, o materie de origine organică, este produs de plantele lemnoase care fac parte din grupa vegetalelor superioare <a href="/wiki/Cormofite" class="mw-redirect" title="Cormofite">cormofite</a> - plante vasculare care sunt formate din țesutul lemnos (<a href="/wiki/Xilem" title="Xilem">xilem</a>) și țesutul liberian (<a href="/wiki/Floem" title="Floem">floem</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Botanica">Botanica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Botanica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Botanica"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structura_lemnului">Structura lemnului</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Structura lemnului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Structura lemnului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Holz_querschnitt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Holz_querschnitt.jpg/250px-Holz_querschnitt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Holz_querschnitt.jpg/330px-Holz_querschnitt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Holz_querschnitt.jpg/440px-Holz_querschnitt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>0  <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%83duv%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Măduvă — pagină inexistentă">Măduvă</a>; 1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inele_anuale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inele anuale — pagină inexistentă">Inele anuale</a>; 2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canal_de_r%C4%83%C8%99in%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canal de rășină — pagină inexistentă">Canal de rășină</a>; 3 Raze primare; 4 Raze secundare; 5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambiu — pagină inexistentă">Cambiu</a>; 6 Razele bastului; 7 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felogen — pagină inexistentă">Felogen</a>; 8 <a href="/wiki/Bast" class="mw-redirect" title="Bast">Bast</a>; 9 <a href="/wiki/Scoar%C8%9B%C4%83" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Scoarță">Scoarță</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Microscopic lemnul este diferit privit, în funcție de planul în care este secționat. Lemnul este alcătuit din mai multe tipuri de țesuturi vegetale: țesutul vascular, fibre, parenchimul de rezervă. </p> <ul><li><i>Fibre</i>: fascicule de celule rezistente, dispuse într-un sens axial, care asigură rigiditatea si rezistența mecanică a lemnului. Sunt constituite dintr-un amestec de <a href="/wiki/Celuloz%C4%83" title="Celuloză">celuloză</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemiceluloz%C4%83" title="Hemiceluloză">hemiceluloză</a> și <a href="/wiki/Lignin%C4%83" title="Lignină">lignină</a>.</li> <li><i>Țesutul vascular</i>: este compus din vase, celule tubulare prin care se conduce seva brută de la rădăcini la frunze. La conifere aceste vase sunt numite traheide. Vasele conductoare sunt adesea asociate cu celulele parenchimatice (numite și <a href="/wiki/Parenchim" title="Parenchim">parenchim</a>), care contribuie la transportul de nutrienți în arbore.</li> <li><i>Celulele de rezervă parenchimatice</i>, cu pereti îngroșați și lignificati, care însoțesc țesutul vascular. Aceste celule participă la funcția de sustinere. Orientarea lor este transversală și radială pornind de la axa longitudinală a arborelui.</li></ul> <p>Lemnul are o structură anatomică specifică fiecărei specii de arbore, astfel încât acestea pot fi recunoscute în funcție de diferențele structurale. Descrierea științifică a structurilor lemnului și de determinarea speciilor de arbori ține de anatomia lemnului. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compoziția_chimică"><span id="Compozi.C8.9Bia_chimic.C4.83"></span>Compoziția chimică</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Compoziția chimică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Compoziția chimică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lemnul constă în principal din substanțe organice, precum și din substante anorganice (1 până la 1,5 %). De asemenea, poate avea umiditate variabilă. Are în <a href="/wiki/Compozi%C8%9Bie_chimic%C4%83" title="Compoziție chimică">compoziție</a>: </p> <ul><li>Celuloză (40–50 %)</li> <li>Lignină (20–30 %)</li> <li>Hemiceluloză (15–25 %)</li> <li>Alte substanțe organice: polizaharide, pentozani, hexozani, rășini, taninuri, coloranți, ceară, alcaloizi</li> <li>Apă</li></ul> <p>Există trei tipuri de apă în lemn: </p> <ol><li>Apa liberă este apa prezentă în lemnul verde.</li> <li>Apa legată este apa care intră în compoziția fibrelor. Ea este cea care cauzează contracții în timpul uscării.</li> <li>Apa de compoziție este apa care intră în compoziția moleculelor. Eliminarea acesteia duce la distrugerea lemnului (de exemplu, în incendii).</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proprietăți_fizice"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bi_fizice"></span>Proprietăți fizice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietăți fizice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietăți fizice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rezilien%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Reziliență">Reziliență</a>;</li> <li>Rezistență la <a href="/wiki/For%C8%9B%C4%83_de_%C3%AEntindere" title="Forță de întindere">tracțiune</a> și <a href="/wiki/For%C8%9B%C4%83_de_compresiune" title="Forță de compresiune">compresiune</a>;</li> <li>Durabilitatea;</li> <li>Proprietăți izolatoare.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anizotropie">Anizotropie</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Anizotropie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Anizotropie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aproape toate proprietățile structurale ale lemnului sunt diferite în cele trei direcții principale (axială, radială, tangențială). Aceasta cauzează contracții inegale a lemnului în timpul uscării. La unele specii de lemn, contracția axială maximă este de 0,3 %, radială de 5 % și tangențială de 10 %. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proprietăți_higroscopice"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bi_higroscopice"></span>Proprietăți higroscopice</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietăți higroscopice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietăți higroscopice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proprietățile higroscopice ale lemnului cauzează o stabilitate dimensională relativ scăzuta în diferite umidități ambientale. Lemnul uscat este mai higroscopic decat cel umed, iar calitatea lemnului depinde de umiditatea climei. Variația concentrației de apă sub punctul de saturare determină schimbări ale structurii lemnului. Unele tipuri de lemn, precum cel de tec, au o contracție scăzută de umiditate din cauza substanțelor hidrofobe prezente. Pentru a micșora caracterul higroscopic al lemnului, acesta este acoperit cu un strat subtire de vopsea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proprietăți_acustice"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bi_acustice"></span>Proprietăți acustice</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietăți acustice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietăți acustice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Viteza sunetului în lemn, de-a lungul fibrelor lemnoase, are o valoare de 4000 până la 6000 m/s, pe când în cereale este de doar 400 – 2000 m/s. Parametrii care influențează viteza sunetului sunt densitatea, elasticitatea, lungimea fibrelor, unghiul, conținutul de umiditate, fisurile. Datorită proprietăților sale acustice excelente, lemnul este utilizat la fabricarea <a href="/wiki/Instrument_muzical" title="Instrument muzical">instrumentelor muzicale</a>. Dar lemnul poate fi utilizat și ca material de izolare fonică. Placa cu o densitate de suprafață de 15 – 20 kg/m2 realizează o izolare fonică de 24 - 26 dB. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proprietăți_termice"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bi_termice"></span>Proprietăți termice</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietăți termice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietăți termice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Datorită porozității sale, lemnul este un conductor slab de căldură, prin urmare este foarte potrivit ca izolare termică. Molidul are o <a href="/wiki/Conductivitate_termic%C4%83" title="Conductivitate termică">conductivitate termică</a> de 0.22 W / mK (pentru comparație <a href="/wiki/Beton" title="Beton">betonul</a> are 0,69 W / mK), iar plăcile izolatoare - 0.14 W / mK sau mai mică. Plăcile aglomerate poroase ajung la 0.05 W / mK. Conductibilitate termică crește cu conținutul de umiditate și densitatea materialului. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Capacitate_termic%C4%83_masic%C4%83" title="Capacitate termică masică">Capacitatea termică masică</a> la lemn este de aproximativ patru ori mai mare decât la <a href="/wiki/Fier" title="Fier">fier</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dilatare_termic%C4%83" title="Dilatare termică">Dilatarea</a> poate fi neglijată în practică la lemn, deoarece aceasta va fi compensată de contracția la uscare. </p><p>Descompunerea termică lemnului începe la temperaturi de peste 105 °C; la 200 °C este foarte mult accelerată și atinge cota maximă la 275 °C. O degradare termică a lemnului poate să apară în timpul expunerii prelungite la temperaturi mai mici de 100 °C. Punctul de aprindere al lemnului este între 200 și 275 °C. În absența <a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">oxigenului</a> se poate produce <a href="/wiki/Piroliz%C4%83" title="Piroliză">piroliza</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formarea_lemnului">Formarea lemnului</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Formarea lemnului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Formarea lemnului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lemnul se formează din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambiu — pagină inexistentă">cambiu</a>, situat între lemn și scoarța copacului (creștere secundară). Culoarea acestuia este dată de pigmenții prezenți în celulele lemnoase, de la alb (paltin, carpen), alb-gălbui (mesteacăn, tei, brad), roșcat (cireș, păr) până la negru (abanos), și chiar în cadrul aceleiași specii, în funcție de vârsta arborelui, condițiile de creștere, sănătate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alterarea_lemnului">Alterarea lemnului</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Alterarea lemnului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Alterarea lemnului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilizări"><span id="Utiliz.C4.83ri"></span>Utilizări</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Utilizări" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Utilizări"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Jahrtausendturm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jahrtausendturm.jpg/200px-Jahrtausendturm.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jahrtausendturm.jpg/300px-Jahrtausendturm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jahrtausendturm.jpg/400px-Jahrtausendturm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Lemnul este utilizat în scopuri multiple și în mai multe forme: </p> <ul><li>Cea mai importantă utilizare la nivel mondial este cea de combustibil: lemnul oferă circa 3,5 kWh/kg (1 metru cub de lemn este echivalentul caloric a 0,147 tone petrol = 1480 kWh).</li></ul> <p>Arderea are loc în trei etape: în prima, lemnul este uscat la temperaturi de până la 150 °C, evaporând apa conținută. Apoi, între 150 °C și 600 °C are loc <a href="/wiki/Piroliz%C4%83" title="Piroliză">piroliza</a>. Componentele gazoase din lemn sunt apoi eliberate și este format cărbune. În sfârșit, de la 400 la 1300 °C, are loc <a href="/wiki/Oxidare" title="Oxidare">oxidarea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ardere" title="Ardere">arderea</a>). </p> <ul><li>Lemnul mai este utilizat ca material de construcție: case de lemn, poduri, traverse de cale ferată, mobilă, parchet, diferite elemente de design interior.</li> <li>Lemnul este utilizat și în industrie; din acesta se folosește în special <a href="/wiki/Celuloz%C4%83" title="Celuloză">celuloza</a> și <a href="/wiki/Lignin%C4%83" title="Lignină">lignina</a>: din lemn se face hârtie (celuloză), plăci aglomerate din lemn (PAL), plăci din fibre de lemn (PFL) și alte sortimente de panouri prefabricate, lacuri și vopsele, lipici (lignină), diferite materiale sintetice, rășini etc.</li> <li>Lemnul mai este folosit în artă, alimentație etc.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produse_din_lemn">Produse din lemn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Produse din lemn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Produse din lemn"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Arta_lemnului.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/thumb/a/a1/Arta_lemnului.jpg/220px-Arta_lemnului.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/thumb/a/a1/Arta_lemnului.jpg/330px-Arta_lemnului.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/thumb/a/a1/Arta_lemnului.jpg/440px-Arta_lemnului.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><i>Arta lemnului</i></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Pl%C4%83ci_aglomerate" class="mw-redirect" title="Plăci aglomerate"><b>PAL</b></a> (<i>plăci aglomerate din lemn</i>) repezintă panouri obținute din coajă și resturi de lemn, provenite de la procesatorii de lemn, care sunt utilizate în industria mobilei, dar în procent extrem de mic se pot găsi și în formă brută în magazinele de bricolaj<sup id="cite_ref-z2011-07-09_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z2011-07-09-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-z2010-02-23_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z2010-02-23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/MDF" title="MDF">MDF</a></b> (<i>medium-density fibreboard</i>) este tot un material folosit în industria mobilei, însă de o calitate mai ridicată față de PAL<sup id="cite_ref-z2011-07-09_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z2011-07-09-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. MDF-ul se obține din bușteni, dar și din resturi decojite<sup id="cite_ref-z2011-07-09_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z2011-07-09-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/OSB" title="OSB">OSB</a></b> (<i>Oriented strand board</i>) - plăci din fibre orientate reprezintă plăcile folosite în special în industria construcțiilor pentru pereți, podele, acoperișuri, dar pot fi folosite și pentru cutii de transport sau paleți<sup id="cite_ref-z2011-07-09_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z2011-07-09-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-z2010-02-23_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z2010-02-23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-z2011-07-09-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-z2011-07-09_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-z2011-07-09_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-z2011-07-09_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-z2011-07-09_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zf.ro/business-construct/sub-ce-forma-ies-padurile-din-tara-8410465">Sub ce formă ies pădurile din țară</a>, 30 iun 2011, zf.ro, accesat la 9 iulie 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-z2010-02-23-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-z2010-02-23_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-z2010-02-23_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zf.ro/companii/kronospan-a-angajat-270-de-oameni-la-brasov-si-nu-se-opreste-5151926/">Kronospan a angajat 270 de oameni la Brasov si nu se opreste</a>, 04.12.2009, zf.ro, accesat la 23 februarie 2010</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>H.H. Bosshard <i>Holzkunde Teil I-III</i>, Birkhäuser Verlag, Stuttgart 1982–1998, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3764316306" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7643-1630-6</a>.</li> <li>M. Chudnoff: <i>Tropical Timbers of the World</i>, USDA Forest Service Handbook # 607, 466 p. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3935638825" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-935638-82-5</a>.</li> <li>D. Fengel, G. Wegener: <i>Wood – Chemistry, Ultrastructure, Reactions</i>, Verlag N. Kessel, Reprint 2003, 613 S. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3935638396" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-935638-39-6</a>.</li> <li>Dietger Grosser: <i>Die Hölzer Mitteleuropas – Ein mikrophotographischer Holzatlas</i>, Verlag N. Kessel, 2003. 87 Abb., 2 Falttafeln zur Bestimmung der Holzarten, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3935638221" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-935638-22-1</a>.</li> <li>Karl Hasel, Ekkehard Schwartz: <i>Forstgeschichte – Ein Grundriss für Studium und Praxis</i>, 3. Aufl. 2002. 394 Seiten, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3935638264" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-935638-26-4</a>.</li> <li>R. Bruce Hoadley: <i>Holz als Werkstoff</i>, O. Meier Verlag, Ravensburg 1990, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3473425605" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-473-42560-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Radkau" title="Joachim Radkau">Joachim Radkau</a>: <i>Holz : wie ein Naturstoff Geschichte schreibt</i>. oekom-Verlag 2007. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3865810497" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-86581-049-7</a>.</li> <li>J.F. Rijsjdijk, P.B. Laming (1994): Physical and related properties of 145 timbers. Kluwer, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 393 S. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0792328752" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7923-2875-2</a>.</li> <li>F.H. Schweingruber, A. Börner, E.-D. Schulze: <i>Atlas of Woody Plant Stems. Environment, Structure and Environmental Modifications.</i> Springer, Heidelberg 2006, 229 S. mit zahlreichen Abbildungen, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3540325239" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-540-32523-9</a>.</li> <li>Paul Lehfeldt: <i>Holzbaukunst</i> [Reprint 2001, Reprint-Verlag Leipzig], Leipzig und Holzminden o.J., <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/382621210X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-8262-1210-X</a>.</li> <li>Udo Mantau, Jörg Wagner, Janett Baumann: <i>Stoffstrommodell HOLZ: Bestimmung des Aufkommens, der Verwendung und des Verbleibs von Holzprodukten</i>, Müll und Abfall 37(6), S. 309 -), <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0027-2957">0027-2957</a></li> <li>Peter Niemz: <i>Physik des Holzes und der Holzwerkstoffe</i>, DRW-Verlag, Stuttgart 1993, 243 Seiten, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3871813249" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-87181-324-9</a></li> <li>Erhard Schuster: <i>Wald und Holz – Daten aus der Geschichte der Nutzung und Bewirtschaftung des Waldes, der Verwendung des Holzes und wichtiger Randgebiete</i>, 2 Bände, Kessel Verlag, Remagen. 669 Seiten. 2006–2. A. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3935638620" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-935638-62-0</a> und 3935638639.</li> <li>Anselm Spring, Maximilian Glas: <i>Holz. Das fünfte Element</i>, Frederking & Thaler, München 2005, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3894053984" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-89405-398-4</a>.</li> <li>Wagenführ <i>Holzatlas</i>, Fachbuchverlag Leipzig, Leipzig 2006, Hanser-Verlag, 816 S. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3446406492" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-446-40649-2</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear:right;border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0 0 1em 1em;font-size:90%;background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9);color:color:var(--color-base, #000);width:230px;padding:2px;spacing:2px;text-align:center;float:right"><div style="float:left;vertical-align:middle"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left:35px;line-height:normal;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wood?uselang=ro">lemn</a></b></span></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanialibera.ro/timpul-liber/casa-mea/cum-se-trateaza-lemnul-231933.html">Cum se tratează lemnul?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723234925/http://www.romanialibera.ro/timpul-liber/casa-mea/cum-se-trateaza-lemnul-231933.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2011-07-23">23 iulie 2011</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., 22 iulie 2011, <i>România liberă</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crestinortodox.ro/datini-obiceiuri-superstitii/arta-prelucrarii-lemnului-120123.html">Arta prelucrarii lemnului</a>, 3 iulie 2012, <i>CrestinOrtodox.ro</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemn&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherestea" title="Cherestea">Cherestea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_bate_%C3%AEn_lemn" class="mw-redirect" title="A bate în lemn">A bate în lemn</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11976008h">cb11976008h</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11976008h">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4025668-6">4025668-6</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85147783">sh85147783</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567803">00567803</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114403&CON_LNG=ENG">ph114403</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemn&oldid=16849448">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemn&oldid=16849448</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Lemn" title="Categorie:Lemn">Lemn</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorii ascunse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Categorie:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_BNF" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_GND" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_LCCN" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_NDL" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NDL">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_NKC" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NKC">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_control_de_autoritate" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate">Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_ce_folosesc_leg%C4%83turi_automate_c%C4%83tre_ISBN" title="Categorie:Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN">Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 25 februarie 2025, ora 19:12.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. Vedeți detalii la <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Termenii de utilizare</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Politica de confidențialitate</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Despre">Despre Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Termeni">Termeni</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Cod de conduită</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dezvoltatori</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ro.wikipedia.org">Statistici</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declarație cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemn&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versiune mobilă</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Căutare</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lemn</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>152 limbi</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Adăugare subiect</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c6f46dcf-czrmk","wgBackendResponseTime":116,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.128","walltime":"0.315","ppvisitednodes":{"value":211,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":5581,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":18,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":5,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2156,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 127.811 1 -total"," 62.36% 79.700 1 Format:Commonscat"," 31.30% 40.007 1 Format:Control_de_autoritate"," 4.67% 5.973 1 Format:Webarchive"," 1.37% 1.747 1 Format:ISSN"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.058","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2082394,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7c9555c6d9-g6v4b","timestamp":"20250325133917","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Lemn","url":"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemn","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q287","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q287","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-01-27T18:06:49Z","dateModified":"2025-02-25T16:12:06Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9c\/Wood-1.jpg","headline":"material ob\u021binut din arbori \u0219i alte plante"}</script> </body> </html>