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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-개요" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#개요"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>개요</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-개요-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-복소_표본화" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#복소_표본화"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>복소 표본화</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-복소_표본화-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="목차" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">표본화</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 35개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="استعيان – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استعيان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8)" title="Дискретизация (обработка на сигнали) – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дискретизация (обработка на сигнали)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mostratge_digital" title="Mostratge digital – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mostratge digital" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vzorkov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Vzorkování – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vzorkování" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_(signalbehandling)" title="Sampling (signalbehandling) – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sampling (signalbehandling)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abtastung_(Signalverarbeitung)" title="Abtastung (Signalverarbeitung) – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abtastung (Signalverarbeitung)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%88%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%83%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Δειγματοληψία σήματος – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δειγματοληψία σήματος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_(signal_processing)" title="Sampling (signal processing) – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sampling (signal processing)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specimenado" title="Specimenado – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Specimenado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muestreo_(se%C3%B1al)" title="Muestreo (señal) – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Muestreo (señal)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskreetimine" title="Diskreetimine – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Diskreetimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_(%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B4_%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84)" title="نمونه‌برداری (پردازش سیگنال) – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نمونه‌برداری (پردازش سیگنال)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89chantillonnage_(signal)" title="Échantillonnage (signal) – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Échantillonnage (signal)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%94_(%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="דגימה (עיבוד אותות) – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דגימה (עיבוד אותות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopa_uzorka" title="Stopa uzorka – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stopa uzorka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campionamento_(teoria_dei_segnali)" title="Campionamento (teoria dei segnali) – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Campionamento (teoria dei segnali)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%9C%AC%E5%8C%96" title="標本化 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="標本化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дискретизаций – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Дискретизаций" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_(%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8)" title="Примеркување (обработка на сигнали) – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Примеркување (обработка на сигнали)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensampelan_(pemprosesan_isyarat)" title="Pensampelan (pemprosesan isyarat) – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pensampelan (pemprosesan isyarat)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample" title="Sample – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sample" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling" title="Sampling – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sampling" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_(signalbehandling)" title="Sampling (signalbehandling) – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sampling (signalbehandling)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B3bkowanie" title="Próbkowanie – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Próbkowanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amostragem_de_sinal" title="Amostragem de sinal – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amostragem de sinal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C8%99antionare_(procesare_de_semnal)" title="Eșantionare (procesare de semnal) – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Eșantionare (procesare de semnal)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="페이지 도구"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Signal_Sampling.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Signal_Sampling.png/300px-Signal_Sampling.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Signal_Sampling.png/450px-Signal_Sampling.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Signal_Sampling.png/600px-Signal_Sampling.png 2x" data-file-width="1107" data-file-height="718" /></a><figcaption>신호 샘플링 표현. 연속 값은 초록색으로 표현하였고 이산 값은 파란 색으로 표현하였다.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%ED%98%B8_%EC%B2%98%EB%A6%AC" title="신호 처리">신호 처리</a>에서 <b>표본화</b>(標本化) 또는 <b>샘플링</b>(sampling)은 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%B0%EC%86%8D_%EC%8B%A0%ED%98%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="연속 신호 (없는 문서)">연속 신호</a>(유동적인 신호)를 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%B0_%EC%8B%A0%ED%98%B8" title="이산 신호">이산 신호</a>(수치화된 신호)로 감소시키는 것을 말한다. 이를테면 <a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%A6%AC" title="소리">파동</a> (연속 시간 신호)을 일련의 표본(이산 시간 신호)으로 바꾸는 것을 들 수 있다. </p><p><b>표본</b>은 시간 및 공간의 한 점의 값이나 값들의 모임을 가리킨다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="개요"><span id=".EA.B0.9C.EC.9A.94"></span>개요</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%91%9C%EB%B3%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 개요"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>일정한 모집단으로부터 표본을 얻기 위한 방법이 표본추출법인데, 거기에 여러 가지 방법이 있다. 이하 주요한 것만을 설명한다. 가장 기본적인 것은 단순임의추출(單純任意抽出)이다. 이는 모집단의 구성 요소의 어느 것이든 표본으로 선정될 확률이 동일하게 되게끔 하는 추출법이다. 그러나 이 방법은 모집단이 클 경우 등에는 곤란하거나 비용이 많이 들거나 하는 경우가 많아, 이하에 설명하는 것과 같은 별개의 추출법이 이용되는 수가 많다. 층화추출법(層化抽出法)은 모집단 전체를 몇 개의 부분, 즉 층(層)으로 분할하고 각 층에 전체의 표본을 할당하는 방법이다. 이 방법은 모집단을 구성하는 여러 가지 층을 빠짐없이 표본으로 포함시킴으로써 추정의 정도(精度)를 상승시킨다. 만일 각 층으로부터의 추출이 단순임의추출이면 이 방법은 층화임의추출이라고 불린다. 층화추출에 있어서의 한 가지 중요한 문제는 표본을 여러 가지 층에 어떻게 할당하는가 하는 것이 문제이다. 각 층의 크기에 비례하여 할당하는 방법이 비례층화추출이다. 또 모집단의 각 층에 있어서의 확률변수의 분산이 상당히 다른 경우에는, 그것을 고려에 넣은 표본할당을 실시하면 추정의 정밀도가 크게 상승하는 수가 있다. 또 표본의 단위비용(單位費用)이 각 층 사이에서 상이할 때에는 비용과 추정의 효율성을 생각하여 표본활동을 하는 것이 바람직한 것이다. 이와 같은 배려를 베푼 할당을 최적할당이라 부른다. 여론조사나 시장조사에서 흔히 쓰이는 방법의 하나에 할당추출법(割當抽出法)이 있는데, 이는 어떤 특성을 갖는 표본에서 각각 특정의 할당수만 추출하는 방법이다. 이는 유의추출(有意抽出： 조사자의 판단으로 대표적인 것이라든가 조사가 용이하다고 생각하는 것을 표본으로 하는 방법)에 속하는 것이다. 모집단 전체를 비교적 작은 부분집단, 즉 집락(集落)으로 나누어 그 집락을 단위로 하여 임의 추출을 하고 선정된 집락을 모두 표본으로 하는 방법을 집락추출(集落抽出)이라 한다. 이 집락이 지리적 단위인 경우에는 이를 지역추출(地域抽出)이라 한다. 각 집락이나 층(層), 다시 모집단으로부터 표본을 추출할 경우에 단순임의추출에 의하지 않고 그 구성 요소에 일련번호를 붙이고, 어떤 일정한 간격으로 표본을 추출하는 방법이 있다. 이것이 계통추출(系統抽出)이다. 이 방법은 구성 단위의 배열순서에 주기성(周期性)이 있는 경우에는 표본이 대표적이 되지 않을 염려가 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="복소_표본화"><span id=".EB.B3.B5.EC.86.8C_.ED.91.9C.EB.B3.B8.ED.99.94"></span>복소 표본화</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%91%9C%EB%B3%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 복소 표본화"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>복소표본화는 두 개의 연관된 파형을 동시에 표본화함으로써 복소수로 표현될 수 있는 표본쌍을 얻는 과정을 말한다. 한 파형 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {s}}(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {s}}(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/68c41a48746327134561c7e5ef1b34f835472348" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.941ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {s}}(t)}"></span>이 다른 파형 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c484de351ba40ccb9a5ad522c29c1aac5686c0df" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.739ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s(t)}"></span>의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%90%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%98" title="힐베르트 변환">힐베르트 변환</a>이라 할 때, 복소함수 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{a}(t)=s(t)+j\cdot {\hat {s}}(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{a}(t)=s(t)+j\cdot {\hat {s}}(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d0699bfa1ec673b310f5b4b154139f3361b8b23f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.097ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{a}(t)=s(t)+j\cdot {\hat {s}}(t)}"></span>를 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%B4%EC%84%9D_%EC%8B%A0%ED%98%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="해석 신호 (없는 문서)">해석 신호</a>라고 하는데, 이 함수의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%91%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%90_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%98" title="푸리에 변환">푸리에 변환</a>의 음수부는 0이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%91%9C%EB%B3%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8%ED%99%94" title="디지털화">디지털화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%91%9C%EB%B3%B8%ED%99%94_%EC%A0%95%EB%A6%AC" title="표본화 정리">표본화 정리</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%91%9C%EB%B3%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%8C_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%8C%80%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="글로벌 세계대백과사전">글로벌 세계대백과사전</a>》, 〈표본추출법〉</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%91%9C%EB%B3%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span style="font-size: smaller;" title="언어: 영어">(영어)</span></b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stsip.org">Journal devoted to Sampling Theory</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" 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