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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hadron</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="هادرون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هادرون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadr%C3%B3n" title="Hadrón – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hadrón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="هادرون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هادرون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8" title="হ্যাড্রন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হ্যাড্রন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Адрон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адрон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Гадроны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гадроны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Адрон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Адрон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadr%C3%B3" title="Hadró – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hadró" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Адрон – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Адрон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrone" title="Adrone – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Adrone" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadronid" title="Hadronid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hadronid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αδρόνιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αδρόνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadr%C3%B3n" title="Hadrón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hadrón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrono" title="Hadrono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hadrono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadroi" title="Hadroi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hadroi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="هادرون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هادرون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadr%C3%B3n" title="Hadrón – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hadrón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%89%E0%AA%A8" title="હેડ્રૉન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હેડ્રૉન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="강입자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="강입자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Հադրոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հադրոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="हैड्रॉन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हैड्रॉन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadroni" title="Hadroni – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hadroni" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isigqezema" title="Isigqezema – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isigqezema" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterkeind" title="Sterkeind – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sterkeind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrone" title="Adrone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Adrone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F" title="האדרון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האדרון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჰადრონები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰადრონები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Адрон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Адрон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadroni" title="Hadroni – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hadroni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadronas" title="Hadronas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hadronas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хадрон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хадрон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ഹാഡ്രോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാഡ്രോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="हॅड्रॉन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हॅड्रॉन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Адрон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Адрон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဟဒရွန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟဒရွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3" title="ハドロン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハドロン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adron" title="Adron – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Adron" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adron" title="Adron – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Adron" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8" title="ਹੈਡ੍ਰੌਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੈਡ੍ਰੌਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="ہیڈرون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہیڈرون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%89%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="هاډرون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هاډرون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrony" title="Hadrony – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hadrony" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1dron" title="Hádron – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hádron" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Адрон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Адрон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadr%C3%B3n" title="Hadrón – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hadrón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadroni" title="Hadroni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hadroni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF" title="வன்மி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வன்மி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adron" title="Adron – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Adron" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="แฮดรอน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แฮดรอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Адрон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Адрон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%81" title="ثقیلہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ثقیلہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90" title="强子 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="强子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90" title="強子 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="強子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90" title="强子 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="强子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q101667#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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</div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hadrons" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q101667" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Composite subatomic particle</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bosons-Hadrons-Fermions-RGB-png2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bosons-Hadrons-Fermions-RGB-png2.png/338px-Bosons-Hadrons-Fermions-RGB-png2.png" decoding="async" width="338" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bosons-Hadrons-Fermions-RGB-png2.png/507px-Bosons-Hadrons-Fermions-RGB-png2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bosons-Hadrons-Fermions-RGB-png2.png/676px-Bosons-Hadrons-Fermions-RGB-png2.png 2x" data-file-width="4817" data-file-height="1643" /></a><figcaption>A hadron is a <a href="/wiki/Composite_particle" class="mw-redirect" title="Composite particle">composite subatomic particle</a>. Every hadron must fall into one of the two fundamental classes of particle, <a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">bosons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">fermions</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">particle physics</a>, a <b>hadron</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/cc\/En-us-hadron.ogg\/En-us-hadron.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-hadron.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/En-us-hadron.ogg/En-us-hadron.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-hadron.ogg" title="File:En-us-hadron.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>; from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a> <i> </i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%81%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἁδρός">ἁδρός</a><i> (hadrós)</i> 'stout, thick') is a <a href="/wiki/Composite_particle" class="mw-redirect" title="Composite particle">composite subatomic particle</a> made of two or more <a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">quarks</a> <a href="/wiki/Bound_state" title="Bound state">held together</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Strong_interaction" title="Strong interaction">strong interaction</a>. They are analogous to <a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">molecules</a>, which are held together by the <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">electric force</a>. Most of the <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a> of ordinary <a href="/wiki/Matter" title="Matter">matter</a> comes from two hadrons: the <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a>, while most of the mass of the protons and neutrons is in turn due to the <a href="/wiki/Binding_energy" title="Binding energy">binding energy</a> of their constituent quarks, due to the strong force. </p><p>Hadrons are categorized into two broad families: <a href="/wiki/Baryon" title="Baryon">baryons</a>, made of an odd number of <a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">quarks</a> (usually three) and <a href="/wiki/Meson" title="Meson">mesons</a>, made of an even number of quarks (usually two: one quark and one <a href="/wiki/Antiparticle" title="Antiparticle">antiquark</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-GellMann-1964_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GellMann-1964-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protons and neutrons (which make the majority of the mass of an <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a>) are examples of baryons; <a href="/wiki/Pion" title="Pion">pions</a> are an example of a meson. <a href="/wiki/Exotic_hadrons" class="mw-redirect" title="Exotic hadrons">"Exotic" hadrons</a>, containing more than three valence quarks, have been discovered in recent years. A <a href="/wiki/Tetraquark" title="Tetraquark">tetraquark</a> state (an <a href="/wiki/Exotic_meson" title="Exotic meson">exotic meson</a>), named the <a href="/wiki/Z(4430)" title="Z(4430)">Z(4430)</a><sup>−</sup>, was discovered in 2007 by the <a href="/wiki/Belle_experiment" title="Belle experiment">Belle Collaboration</a><sup id="cite_ref-Choi-etal-2008-Belle_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Choi-etal-2008-Belle-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and confirmed as a resonance in 2014 by the <a href="/wiki/LHCb" class="mw-redirect" title="LHCb">LHCb</a> collaboration.<sup id="cite_ref-LHCb2014_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LHCb2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two <a href="/wiki/Pentaquark" title="Pentaquark">pentaquark</a> states (<a href="/wiki/Exotic_baryon" title="Exotic baryon">exotic baryons</a>), named <span class="nowrap">P<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">c</sub></span></span>(4380)</span> and <span class="nowrap">P<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">c</sub></span></span>(4450)</span>, were discovered in 2015 by the <a href="/wiki/LHCb" class="mw-redirect" title="LHCb">LHCb</a> collaboration.<sup id="cite_ref-Aaij-etal-2015-LHCb-Jψp_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aaij-etal-2015-LHCb-Jψp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several more exotic hadron candidates and other colour-singlet quark combinations that may also exist. </p><p>Almost all "free" hadrons and antihadrons (meaning, in isolation and not bound within an <a href="/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">atomic nucleus</a>) are believed to be <a href="/wiki/Particle_decay" title="Particle decay">unstable</a> and eventually decay into other particles. The only known possible exception is free protons, which <a href="/wiki/Proton_decay" title="Proton decay">appear to be stable</a>, or at least, take immense amounts of time to decay (order of 10<sup>34+</sup> years). By way of comparison, free neutrons are the <a href="/wiki/Free_neutron_decay" title="Free neutron decay">longest-lived unstable particle</a>, and decay with a <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> of about 611 seconds, and have a mean lifetime of 879 seconds,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PDG_Live:_2020_Review_of_Particle_Physics_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PDG_Live:_2020_Review_of_Particle_Physics-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> see <a href="/wiki/Free_neutron_decay" title="Free neutron decay">free neutron decay</a>. </p><p>Hadron physics is studied by colliding hadrons, e.g. protons, with each other or <a href="/wiki/High-energy_nuclear_physics" title="High-energy nuclear physics">the nuclei of dense, heavy elements</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> (Pb) or <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> (Au), and detecting the debris in the produced <a href="/wiki/Particle_shower" title="Particle shower">particle showers</a>. A similar process occurs in the natural environment, in the extreme upper-atmosphere, where muons and mesons such as pions are produced by the collisions of <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray" title="Cosmic ray">cosmic rays</a> with rarefied gas particles in the outer atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology_and_etymology">Terminology and etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadron&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology and etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "hadron" is a <a href="/wiki/New_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="New Greek">new Greek</a> word introduced by <a href="/wiki/Lev_Okun" title="Lev Okun">L. B. Okun</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Plenary_talk" class="mw-redirect" title="Plenary talk">plenary talk</a> at the 1962 <a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_High_Energy_Physics" title="International Conference on High Energy Physics">International Conference on High Energy Physics</a> at <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Okun-1962-CERN-plenary_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Okun-1962-CERN-plenary-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He opened his talk with the definition of a new category term: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Notwithstanding the fact that this report deals with weak interactions, we shall frequently have to speak of strongly interacting particles. These particles pose not only numerous scientific problems, but also a terminological problem. The point is that "<i>strongly interacting particles</i>" is a very clumsy term which does not yield itself to the formation of an adjective. For this reason, to take but one instance, decays into strongly interacting particles are called "non-<a href="/wiki/Leptonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Leptonic">leptonic</a>". This definition is not exact because "non-leptonic" may also signify photonic. In this report I shall call strongly interacting particles "hadrons", and the corresponding decays "hadronic" (the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἁδρός</span></span> signifies "large", "massive", in contrast to <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">λεπτός</span></span> which means "small", "light"). I hope that this terminology will prove to be <span class="nowrap">convenient. — <a href="/wiki/Lev_Okun" title="Lev Okun">L. B. Okun</a> (1962)<sup id="cite_ref-Okun-1962-CERN-plenary_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Okun-1962-CERN-plenary-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadron&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadron_colors.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A green and a magenta ("antigreen") arrow canceling out each other out white, representing a meson; a red, a green, and a blue arrow canceling out to white, representing a baryon; a yellow ("antiblue"), a magenta, and a cyan ("antired") arrow canceling out to white, representing an antibaryon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hadron_colors.svg/170px-Hadron_colors.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="515" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hadron_colors.svg/255px-Hadron_colors.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hadron_colors.svg/340px-Hadron_colors.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption>All types of hadrons have zero total color charge (three examples shown).</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Quark_model" title="Quark model">quark model</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Amsler-etal-2008-PDG_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amsler-etal-2008-PDG-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the properties of hadrons are primarily determined by their so-called <i><a href="/wiki/Valence_quark" class="mw-redirect" title="Valence quark">valence quarks</a></i>. For example, a <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> is composed of two <a href="/wiki/Up_quark" title="Up quark">up quarks</a> (each with <a href="/wiki/Electric_charge" title="Electric charge">electric charge</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">+<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span>, for a total of +<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">4</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> together) and one <a href="/wiki/Down_quark" title="Down quark">down quark</a> (with electric charge <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">−<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span>). Adding these together yields the proton charge of +1. Although quarks also carry <a href="/wiki/Color_charge" title="Color charge">color charge</a>, hadrons must have zero total color charge because of a phenomenon called <a href="/wiki/Color_confinement" title="Color confinement">color confinement</a>. That is, hadrons must be "colorless" or "white". The simplest ways for this to occur are with a quark of one color and an <a href="/wiki/Antiparticle" title="Antiparticle">antiquark</a> of the corresponding anticolor, or three quarks of different colors. Hadrons with the first arrangement are a type of <a href="/wiki/Meson" title="Meson">meson</a>, and those with the second arrangement are a type of <a href="/wiki/Baryon" title="Baryon">baryon</a>. </p><p>Massless virtual gluons compose the overwhelming majority of particles inside hadrons, as well as the major constituents of its mass (with the exception of the heavy <a href="/wiki/Charm_quark" title="Charm quark">charm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bottom_quark" title="Bottom quark">bottom quarks</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Top_quark" title="Top quark">top quark</a> vanishes before it has time to bind into a hadron). The strength of the <a href="/wiki/Strong_interaction" title="Strong interaction">strong-force</a> <a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">gluons</a> which bind the quarks together has sufficient energy (<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">E</span>) to have resonances composed of massive (<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">m</span>) quarks (<a href="/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy_equivalence" title="Mass–energy equivalence"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">E</span> ≥ <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">mc</span><sup>2</sup></a>). One outcome is that short-lived pairs of <a href="/wiki/Virtual_particle" title="Virtual particle">virtual</a> quarks and antiquarks are continually forming and vanishing again inside a hadron. Because the virtual quarks are not stable wave packets (quanta), but an irregular and transient phenomenon, it is not meaningful to ask which quark is real and which virtual; only the small excess is apparent from the outside in the form of a hadron. Therefore, when a hadron or anti-hadron is stated to consist of (typically) two or three quarks, this technically refers to the constant excess of quarks versus antiquarks. </p><p>Like all <a href="/wiki/Subatomic_particle" title="Subatomic particle">subatomic particles</a>, hadrons are assigned <a href="/wiki/Quantum_number" title="Quantum number">quantum numbers</a> corresponding to the <a href="/wiki/Representation_theory" title="Representation theory">representations</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Poincar%C3%A9_group" title="Poincaré group">Poincaré group</a>: <span class="texhtml"><i>J</i><sup>PC</sup> </span>(<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">m</span>), where <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">J</span> is the <a href="/wiki/Spin_(physics)" title="Spin (physics)">spin</a> quantum number, <span class="texhtml">P</span> the intrinsic parity (or <a href="/wiki/Parity_(physics)" title="Parity (physics)">P-parity</a>), <span class="texhtml">C</span> the charge conjugation (or <a href="/wiki/C-parity" class="mw-redirect" title="C-parity">C-parity</a>), and <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">m</span> is the particle's <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a>. Note that the mass of a hadron has very little to do with the mass of its valence quarks; rather, due to <a href="/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy_equivalence" title="Mass–energy equivalence">mass–energy equivalence</a>, most of the mass comes from the large amount of energy associated with the <a href="/wiki/Strong_interaction" title="Strong interaction">strong interaction</a>. Hadrons may also carry <a href="/wiki/Flavour_quantum_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavour quantum number">flavor quantum numbers</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Isospin" title="Isospin">isospin</a> (<a href="/wiki/G-parity" title="G-parity">G-parity</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Strangeness" title="Strangeness">strangeness</a>. All quarks carry an additive, conserved quantum number called a <a href="/wiki/Baryon_number" title="Baryon number">baryon number</a> (<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">B</span>), which is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">+<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> for quarks and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">−<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> for antiquarks. This means that baryons (composite particles made of three, five or a larger odd number of quarks) have <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">B</span> = 1 whereas mesons have <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">B</span> = 0. </p><p>Hadrons have <a href="/wiki/Excited_state" title="Excited state">excited states</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Resonance_(particle_physics)" title="Resonance (particle physics)">resonances</a>. Each <a href="/wiki/Ground_state" title="Ground state">ground state</a> hadron may have several excited states; several hundred different resonances have been observed in experiments. Resonances decay extremely quickly (within about 10<sup>−24</sup> <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">seconds</a>) via the strong nuclear force. </p><p>In other <a href="/wiki/Phase_(matter)" title="Phase (matter)">phases</a> of <a href="/wiki/Matter" title="Matter">matter</a> the hadrons may disappear. For example, at very high temperature and high pressure, unless there are sufficiently many flavors of quarks, the theory of <a href="/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics" title="Quantum chromodynamics">quantum chromodynamics</a> (QCD) predicts that quarks and <a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">gluons</a> will no longer be confined within hadrons, "because the <a href="/wiki/Coupling_constant" title="Coupling constant">strength</a> of the strong interaction <a href="/wiki/Coupling_constant#Running_coupling" title="Coupling constant">diminishes with energy</a>". This property, which is known as <a href="/wiki/Asymptotic_freedom" title="Asymptotic freedom">asymptotic freedom</a>, has been experimentally confirmed in the energy range between 1 <a href="/wiki/GeV" class="mw-redirect" title="GeV">GeV</a> (gigaelectronvolt) and 1 <a href="/wiki/TeV" class="mw-redirect" title="TeV">TeV</a> (teraelectronvolt).<sup id="cite_ref-Bethke-2007_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bethke-2007-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All <a href="/wiki/Free_particle" title="Free particle">free</a> hadrons <a href="/wiki/Proton_decay" title="Proton decay">except (<i>possibly</i>) the proton and antiproton</a> are <a href="/wiki/Exponential_decay" title="Exponential decay">unstable</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baryons">Baryons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadron&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Baryons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Baryon" title="Baryon">Baryon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exotic_baryon" title="Exotic baryon">Exotic baryon</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Baryon" title="Baryon">Baryons</a> are hadrons containing an odd number of valence quarks (at least 3).<sup id="cite_ref-GellMann-1964_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GellMann-1964-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most well-known baryons such as the <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> have three valence quarks, but <a href="/wiki/Pentaquark" title="Pentaquark">pentaquarks</a> with five quarks—three quarks of different colors, and also one extra quark-antiquark pair—have also been proven to exist. Because baryons have an odd number of quarks, they are also all <a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">fermions</a>, <i>i.e.</i>, they have half-integer <a href="/wiki/Spin_(physics)" title="Spin (physics)">spin</a>. As quarks possess <a href="/wiki/Baryon_number" title="Baryon number">baryon number</a> <i>B</i> = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span>, baryons have baryon number <i>B</i> = 1. Pentaquarks <i>also</i> have <i>B</i> = 1, since the extra quark's and antiquark's baryon numbers cancel. </p><p>Each type of baryon has a corresponding antiparticle (antibaryon) in which quarks are replaced by their corresponding antiquarks. For example, just as a proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark, its corresponding antiparticle, the antiproton, is made of two up antiquarks and one down antiquark. </p><p>As of August 2015, there are two known pentaquarks, <span class="nowrap">P<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">c</sub></span></span>(4380)</span> and <span class="nowrap">P<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">c</sub></span></span>(4450)</span>, both discovered in 2015 by the <a href="/wiki/LHCb" class="mw-redirect" title="LHCb">LHCb</a> collaboration.<sup id="cite_ref-Aaij-etal-2015-LHCb-Jψp_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aaij-etal-2015-LHCb-Jψp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mesons">Mesons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadron&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mesons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Meson" title="Meson">Meson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exotic_meson" title="Exotic meson">Exotic meson</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Meson" title="Meson">Mesons</a> are hadrons containing an even number of valence quarks (at least two).<sup id="cite_ref-GellMann-1964_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GellMann-1964-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most well known mesons are composed of a quark-antiquark pair, but possible <a href="/wiki/Tetraquark" title="Tetraquark">tetraquarks</a> (four quarks) and <a href="/wiki/Hexaquark" title="Hexaquark">hexaquarks</a> (six quarks, comprising either a dibaryon or three quark-antiquark pairs) may have been discovered and are being investigated to confirm their nature.<sup id="cite_ref-Mann-2013-06-Wired_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mann-2013-06-Wired-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several other hypothetical types of <a href="/wiki/Exotic_meson" title="Exotic meson">exotic meson</a> may exist which do not fall within the quark model of classification. These include <a href="/wiki/Glueball" title="Glueball">glueballs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_meson" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid meson">hybrid mesons</a> (mesons bound by excited <a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">gluons</a>). </p><p>Because mesons have an even number of quarks, they are also all <a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">bosons</a>, with integer <a href="/wiki/Spin_(physics)" title="Spin (physics)">spin</a>, <i>i.e.</i>, 0, +1, or −1. They have baryon number <span class="nowrap"><span class="texhtml"> <i>B</i> = <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214402035">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.0em 0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.1em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">3</span></span>⁠</span> − <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">3</span></span>⁠</span> = 0 </span>.</span> Examples of mesons commonly produced in particle physics experiments include <a href="/wiki/Pion" title="Pion">pions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaon" title="Kaon">kaons</a>. Pions also play a role in holding <a href="/wiki/Atomic_nuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic nuclei">atomic nuclei</a> together via the <a href="/wiki/Residual_strong_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Residual strong force">residual strong force</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadron&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_hadron" title="Exotic hadron">Exotic hadron</a></li> <li>Hadron therapy, a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Particle_therapy" title="Particle therapy">particle therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadronization" title="Hadronization">Hadronization</a>, the formation of hadrons out of quarks and gluons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Hadron_Collider" title="Large Hadron Collider">Large Hadron Collider</a> (LHC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_particles" title="List of particles">List of particles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_baryons" title="List of baryons">List of baryons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mesons" title="List of mesons">List of mesons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard model">Standard model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subatomic_particle" title="Subatomic particle">Subatomic particle</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadron&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> The proton and neutrons' respective antiparticles are expected to follow the same pattern, but they are difficult to capture and study, because they immediately annihilate on contact with ordinary matter.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadron&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GellMann-1964-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GellMann-1964_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GellMann-1964_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GellMann-1964_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGell-Mann1964" class="citation journal cs1">Gell-Mann, M. (1964). "A schematic model of baryons and mesons". <i>Physics Letters</i>. <b>8</b> (3): 214–215. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964PhL.....8..214G">1964PhL.....8..214G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0031-9163%2864%2992001-3">10.1016/S0031-9163(64)92001-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Letters&rft.atitle=A+schematic+model+of+baryons+and+mesons&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=214-215&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0031-9163%2864%2992001-3&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1964PhL.....8..214G&rft.aulast=Gell-Mann&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Choi-etal-2008-Belle-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Choi-etal-2008-Belle_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoi2008" class="citation journal cs1">Choi, S.-K.; et al. (<a href="/wiki/Belle_experiment" title="Belle experiment">Belle Collaboration</a>) (2008). "Observation of a resonance-like structure in the <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>π<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">±</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span>Ψ′ mass distribution in exclusive B→K<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>π<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">±</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span>Ψ′ decays". <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>100</b> (14): 142001. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0708.1790">0708.1790</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PhRvL.100n2001C">2008PhRvL.100n2001C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.100.142001">10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.142001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18518023">18518023</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119138620">119138620</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Observation+of+a+resonance-like+structure+in+the+%3Cspan+style%3D%22white-space%3Anowrap%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22display%3Ainline-block%3Bmargin-bottom%3A-0.3em%3Bvertical-align%3A0.8em%3Bline-height%3A1.0em%3Bfont-size%3A80%25%3Btext-align%3Aright%22%3E%3Csup+style%3D%22font-size%3Ainherit%3Bline-height%3Ainherit%3Bvertical-align%3Abaseline%22%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E%3Cbr+%2F%3E%3Csub+style%3D%22font-size%3Ainherit%3Bline-height%3Ainherit%3Bvertical-align%3Abaseline%22%3E%3C%2Fsub%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%26pi%3B%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22display%3Ainline-block%3Bmargin-bottom%3A-0.3em%3Bvertical-align%3A0.8em%3Bline-height%3A1.0em%3Bfont-size%3A80%25%3Btext-align%3Aleft%22%3E%3Csup+style%3D%22font-size%3Ainherit%3Bline-height%3Ainherit%3Bvertical-align%3Abaseline%22%3E%26plusmn%3B%3C%2Fsup%3E%3Cbr+%2F%3E%3Csub+style%3D%22font-size%3Ainherit%3Bline-height%3Ainherit%3Bvertical-align%3Abaseline%22%3E%3C%2Fsub%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%CE%A8%E2%80%B2+mass+distribution+in+exclusive+B%E2%86%92K%3Cspan+style%3D%22white-space%3Anowrap%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22display%3Ainline-block%3Bmargin-bottom%3A-0.3em%3Bvertical-align%3A0.8em%3Bline-height%3A1.0em%3Bfont-size%3A80%25%3Btext-align%3Aright%22%3E%3Csup+style%3D%22font-size%3Ainherit%3Bline-height%3Ainherit%3Bvertical-align%3Abaseline%22%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E%3Cbr+%2F%3E%3Csub+style%3D%22font-size%3Ainherit%3Bline-height%3Ainherit%3Bvertical-align%3Abaseline%22%3E%3C%2Fsub%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%26pi%3B%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22display%3Ainline-block%3Bmargin-bottom%3A-0.3em%3Bvertical-align%3A0.8em%3Bline-height%3A1.0em%3Bfont-size%3A80%25%3Btext-align%3Aleft%22%3E%3Csup+style%3D%22font-size%3Ainherit%3Bline-height%3Ainherit%3Bvertical-align%3Abaseline%22%3E%26plusmn%3B%3C%2Fsup%3E%3Cbr+%2F%3E%3Csub+style%3D%22font-size%3Ainherit%3Bline-height%3Ainherit%3Bvertical-align%3Abaseline%22%3E%3C%2Fsub%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%CE%A8%E2%80%B2+decays&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=142001&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A119138620%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008PhRvL.100n2001C&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0708.1790&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18518023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.100.142001&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=S.-K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LHCb2014-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LHCb2014_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAaij2014" class="citation journal cs1">Aaij, R.; et al. (<a href="/wiki/LHCb" class="mw-redirect" title="LHCb">LHCb collaboration</a>) (2014). 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hadron" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:hadron"><i>hadron</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Particles" title="Template:Particles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Particles" title="Template talk:Particles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Particles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Particles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Particles_in_physics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">Particles in physics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elementary_particle" title="Elementary particle">Elementary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">Fermions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">Quarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Up_quark" title="Up quark">Up (quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up_antiquark" class="mw-redirect" title="Up antiquark">antiquark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_quark" title="Down quark">Down (quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_antiquark" class="mw-redirect" title="Down antiquark">antiquark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charm_quark" title="Charm quark">Charm (quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charm_antiquark" class="mw-redirect" title="Charm antiquark">antiquark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strange_quark" title="Strange quark">Strange (quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strange_antiquark" class="mw-redirect" title="Strange antiquark">antiquark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_quark" title="Top quark">Top (quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_antiquark" class="mw-redirect" title="Top antiquark">antiquark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_quark" title="Bottom quark">Bottom (quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_antiquark" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottom antiquark">antiquark)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lepton" title="Lepton">Leptons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positron" title="Positron">Positron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muon" title="Muon">Muon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muon" title="Muon">Antimuon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_(particle)" title="Tau (particle)">Tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_(particle)" title="Tau (particle)">Antitau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">Neutrino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electron_neutrino" title="Electron neutrino">Electron neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino#Antineutrinos" title="Neutrino">Electron antineutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muon_neutrino" title="Muon neutrino">Muon neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino#Antineutrinos" title="Neutrino">Muon antineutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_neutrino" title="Tau neutrino">Tau neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino#Antineutrinos" title="Neutrino">Tau antineutrino</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">Bosons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Gauge_boson" title="Gauge boson">Gauge</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photon" title="Photon">Photon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">Gluon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons" title="W and Z bosons">W and Z bosons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Scalar_boson" title="Scalar boson">Scalar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higgs_boson" title="Higgs boson">Higgs boson </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_(physics)" title="Ghost (physics)">Ghost fields</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faddeev%E2%80%93Popov_ghost" title="Faddeev–Popov ghost">Faddeev–Popov ghosts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hypothetical_particles" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypothetical particles">Hypothetical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Superpartner" title="Superpartner">Superpartners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Gaugino" title="Gaugino">Gauginos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gluino" title="Gluino">Gluino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitino" title="Gravitino">Gravitino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photino" title="Photino">Photino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axino" title="Axino">Axino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chargino" title="Chargino">Chargino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higgsino" title="Higgsino">Higgsino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutralino" title="Neutralino">Neutralino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfermion" title="Sfermion">Sfermion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stop_squark" title="Stop squark">Stop squark</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axion" title="Axion">Axion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curvaton" title="Curvaton">Curvaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilaton" title="Dilaton">Dilaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_graviton" title="Dual graviton">Dual graviton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graviphoton" title="Graviphoton">Graviphoton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graviton" title="Graviton">Graviton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflaton" title="Inflaton">Inflaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leptoquark" title="Leptoquark">Leptoquark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_monopole" title="Magnetic monopole">Magnetic monopole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majoron" title="Majoron">Majoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorana_fermion" title="Majorana fermion">Majorana fermion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_photon" title="Dark photon">Dark photon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preon" title="Preon">Preon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterile_neutrino" title="Sterile neutrino">Sterile neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachyon" title="Tachyon">Tachyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%E2%80%B2_and_Z%E2%80%B2_bosons" title="W′ and Z′ bosons">W′ and Z′ bosons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_and_Y_bosons" title="X and Y bosons">X and Y bosons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bound_state" title="Bound state">Composite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hadrons" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hadrons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Baryon" title="Baryon">Baryons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleon" title="Nucleon">Nucleon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiproton" title="Antiproton">Antiproton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antineutron" title="Antineutron">Antineutron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_baryon" title="Delta baryon">Delta baryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_baryon" title="Lambda baryon">Lambda baryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_baryon" title="Sigma baryon">Sigma baryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_baryon" title="Xi baryon">Xi baryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_baryon" title="Omega baryon">Omega baryon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Meson" title="Meson">Mesons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pion" title="Pion">Pion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rho_meson" title="Rho meson">Rho meson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eta_meson" class="mw-redirect" title="Eta meson">Eta and eta prime mesons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_eta_meson" title="Bottom eta meson">Bottom eta meson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_meson" title="Phi meson">Phi meson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J/psi_meson" title="J/psi meson">J/psi meson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_meson" title="Omega meson">Omega meson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upsilon_meson" title="Upsilon meson">Upsilon meson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaon" title="Kaon">Kaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_meson" title="B meson">B meson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D_meson" title="D meson">D meson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarkonium" title="Quarkonium">Quarkonium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Exotic_hadron" title="Exotic hadron">Exotic hadrons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetraquark" title="Tetraquark">Tetraquark</a> (<a href="/wiki/Double-charm_tetraquark" title="Double-charm tetraquark">Double-charm tetraquark</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaquark" title="Pentaquark">Pentaquark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">Atomic nuclei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Atoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_atom" title="Exotic atom">Exotic atoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Positronium" title="Positronium">Positronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muonium" title="Muonium">Muonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauonium">Tauonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onium" title="Onium">Onia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pionium" title="Pionium">Pionium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protonium" title="Protonium">Protonium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superatom" title="Superatom">Superatoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">Molecules</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Hypothetical_composite_particles" title="Category:Hypothetical composite particles">Hypothetical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Baryons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hexaquark" title="Hexaquark">Hexaquark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heptaquark" title="Heptaquark">Heptaquark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyrmion" title="Skyrmion">Skyrmion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Mesons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glueball" title="Glueball">Glueball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_meson" title="Theta meson">Theta meson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_meson" title="T meson">T meson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesonic_molecule" title="Mesonic molecule">Mesonic molecule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeron" title="Pomeron">Pomeron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diquark" title="Diquark">Diquark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-hadron" title="R-hadron">R-hadron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quasiparticle" title="Quasiparticle">Quasiparticles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anyon" title="Anyon">Anyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davydov_soliton" title="Davydov soliton">Davydov soliton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropleton" title="Dropleton">Dropleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exciton" title="Exciton">Exciton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fracton_(subdimensional_particle)" title="Fracton (subdimensional particle)">Fracton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_hole" title="Electron hole">Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnon" title="Magnon">Magnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonon" title="Phonon">Phonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmaron" title="Plasmaron">Plasmaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmon" title="Plasmon">Plasmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polariton" title="Polariton">Polariton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaron" title="Polaron">Polaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roton" title="Roton">Roton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trion_(physics)" title="Trion (physics)">Trion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_baryons" title="List of baryons">Baryons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mesons" title="List of mesons">Mesons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_particles" title="List of particles">Particles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_quasiparticles" title="List of quasiparticles">Quasiparticles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_particle_discoveries" title="Timeline of particle discoveries">Timeline of particle discoveries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_subatomic_physics" title="History of subatomic physics">History of subatomic physics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_atomic_and_subatomic_physics" title="Timeline of atomic and subatomic physics">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Model" title="Standard Model">Standard Model</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_formulation_of_the_Standard_Model" title="Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model">mathematical formulation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subatomic_particle" title="Subatomic particle">Subatomic particles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particle" title="Particle">Particles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiparticle" title="Antiparticle">Antiparticles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">Nuclear physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eightfold_way_(physics)" title="Eightfold way (physics)">Eightfold way</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quark_model" title="Quark model">Quark model</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_matter" title="Exotic matter">Exotic 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