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migration</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: irregular migration"> <meta name="keywords" content="irregular migration"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="irregular migration"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1280</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: irregular migration</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1220</span> Labour Standards and Bilateral Migration Flows in ASEAN</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rusmawati%20Said">Rusmawati Said</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Kar%20Yee"> N. Kar Yee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmaddy%20Haris"> Asmaddy Haris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study employs a panel data set of ASEAN member states, 17 European Union (EU) countries, 7 American countries and 11 other Asia Pacific countries (China Mainland and Hong Kong SAR are treated as two separated countries) to investigate the role of labour standards in explaining the pattern of bilateral migration flows in ASEAN. Using pooled Ordinary Least Square (OLS) this study found mixed results. The result varies on how indicators were used to measure the level of labour standards in the empirical analysis. In one side, better labour standards (represented by number of strikes and weekly average working hours) promote bilateral migration among the selected countries. On the other side, increase in cases of occupational injuries lead to an increase in bilateral migration, reflecting that worsen in working conditions do not influence the workers’ decision from moving. The finding from this study become important to policy maker as the issues of massive low skilled workers have a significant impact to the role of labour standard in shaping the migration flows. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labour%20standard" title="labour standard">labour standard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASEAN" title=" ASEAN"> ASEAN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economics%20and%20financial%20engineering" title=" economics and financial engineering"> economics and financial engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19241/labour-standards-and-bilateral-migration-flows-in-asean" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1219</span> The Influence of Migration on Migrants' Culture: A Study on Egyptian Nubians' Migration to Investigate Culture Changes </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Hassan">Tarek Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanaa%20Abouras"> Sanaa Abouras</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Some factors such as interaction of migration process, cultural identity have an impact in a way that may lead to cultural disinheritance. Even if migrants' culture would not be lost, it may be affected by the new society culture. Therefore, it is anticipated that migration of an ethnic group would impact the culture of that group. Nubians; an ethnic group originated in South Egypt, have experienced migration that took place in the sixties of the past century. Nubians were forced to leave their origin land and relocate to Kom Ombo; an Egyptian town to the north of Aswan. The effect of migration on national culture, social homogeneity or the interest of social contact influences the attitudes of natives towards migration. Hence, it is very important for societies to help migrants to adapt to the new culture and at the same time not to impede migrants' effort to maintain their own culture. This study aims to investigate the effect of internal migration on the culture of Egyptian Nubians in order to predict if Nubian can maintain their own culture after the migration. Research question: what is the cultural influence of Nubians' migration from Egyptian Nubia to their new destinations? The researchers' hypothesis: there is mutual influence between the two cultures of Nubians and non-Nubians in Egypt. Results supported researchers' hypothesis as they observed that the Nubians managed to reserve balance between the maintenance of their own culture and the adoption of some cultural features of the community of their new destination(s). Also, the study examined why Nubians adhere to their culture although they left their land forever. Questionnaire and interviews were used to collect data from 80 informants; 40 Nubians and 40 non-Nubians in Kom-Ombo and the two cities of Cairo and Alexandria. Results suggested that there is obvious mutual cultural impact between Nubians and non-Nubians. The findings of this study would trigger the researchers to conduct further research on minorities for the deeper understanding of the impact of/on the culture of minorities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture%20change" title="culture change">culture change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture%20influence" title=" culture influence"> culture influence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture%20maintenance" title=" culture maintenance"> culture maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minority%20migration" title=" minority migration"> minority migration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85226/the-influence-of-migration-on-migrants-culture-a-study-on-egyptian-nubians-migration-to-investigate-culture-changes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1218</span> Migration, Agency and Subjectivity in Helon Habila's Travellers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bankole%20Wright">Bankole Wright</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The late 20th to the early 21st century has been predominantly characterized by the movement of individuals from one country to another country or countries. The chief reasons for migration have always been premised on socio-cultural, socio-political and socio-economic factors, with influences of migration finding expression through various ways. Indeed, migration experiences have formed points of subjectivity which functions as agencies that propel migrants to strongly quest for migrating from their home space to other socio-cultural space that performs the role of escape for them. This paper interrogates the discourse of migration, agency and subjectivity in Helon Habila’s Travellers. The essay explores the interconnectedness between migration which is the physical [as deployed in this paper] movement from one location to another, agency as seen in the ability to act based on various ideological frameworks within which the action is taken, and subjectivity which identifies with the predominant factors that influence human actions; and how these connections are responsible for defining the diaspora individual. The discourse of what makes migrants desire to move from their various spaces is as critical as the experiences they face in their various host land. Hence, this paper demonstrates, through the analysis of an African diasporic novel, that the quest for migration is mostly determined by certain agencies in the diaspora home space, which characters have been subjects of and desire to escape. Traveller is a novel which chronicles the various experiences of migrants who journey from their various home space to another land as a result of different agencies that precipitated their migration. This paper engages these agencies as impediments to human survival. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title="migration">migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agency" title=" agency"> agency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subjectivity" title=" subjectivity"> subjectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helon%20Habila" title=" Helon Habila"> Helon Habila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diaspora" title=" diaspora"> diaspora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=home" title=" home"> home</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space" title=" space"> space</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132863/migration-agency-and-subjectivity-in-helon-habilas-travellers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1217</span> The Role of Temporary Migration as Coping Mechanism of Weather Shock: Evidence from Selected Semi-Arid Tropic Villages in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalandi%20Charan%20Pradhan">Kalandi Charan Pradhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we investigate does weather variation determine temporary labour migration using 210 sample households from six Semi-Arid Tropic (SAT) villages for the period of 2005-2014 in India. The study has made an attempt to examine how households use temporary labour migration as a coping mechanism to minimise the risk rather than maximize the utility of the households. The study employs panel Logit regression model to predict the probability of household having at least one temporary labour migrant. As per as econometrics result, it is found that along with demographic and socioeconomic factors; weather variation plays an important role to determine the decision of migration at household level. In order to capture the weather variation, the study uses mean crop yield deviation over the study periods. Based on the random effect logit regression result, the study found that there is a concave relationship between weather variation and decision of temporary labour migration. This argument supports the theory of New Economics of Labour Migration (NELM), which highlights the decision of labour migration not only maximise the households’ utility but it helps to minimise the risks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporary%20migration" title="temporary migration">temporary migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socioeconomic%20factors" title=" socioeconomic factors"> socioeconomic factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weather%20variation" title=" weather variation"> weather variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop%20yield" title=" crop yield"> crop yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logit%20estimation" title=" logit estimation"> logit estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85113/the-role-of-temporary-migration-as-coping-mechanism-of-weather-shock-evidence-from-selected-semi-arid-tropic-villages-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1216</span> The Reform of Chinese Migration Law and Its Actual Implementation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Jie">Wang Jie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article advances the reform of Chinese migration law through an analysis of the updated and former versions of the Chinese migration law, specifically for the Exit-Entry Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China and Regulations on Foreigners’ Permanent Residence in the People’s Republic of China(Exposure Draft), which was most recently issued in 2012 and 2020 respectively. After a fundamental reform of China’s migration law, China’s immigration legal framework has become relatively well developed compared with the previous one. Immigration procedures are available online and these procedures have become relatively simple. Comparative research for the Chinese migration laws has been done during the past several years for its legislation, legal reference for western countries and its preliminary implementation. Some results show that the reform is a superficial one and may not have a practical effect on China’s current immigration legal framework. However, complete results cannot be obtained only through the comparative research of legal definitions. Some practical case studies will also be required to analyze in detail to demonstrate the reasons that some reforms still remain at the superficial level and what further progress is required in China's immigration legal framework. This is a perspective that has been overlooked in most comparative law studies. In the first part, this article will conduct a simple comparative study of the reform of Chinese migration law and use cases studies to illustrate the reform of Chinese migration law. In the second part, this article will point out another perspective that is easily overlooked, that is, how do the Chinese nationals treat the reform: whether it is a legislative advance or a failure, and whether it deepens social tensions between nationals and immigrants. In the third part, the article will discuss Chinese migration law through China’s international law perspective with international organizations, such as International Organization for Migration and International Labour Organization will also be discussed to dialectically judge the reform of Chinese migration law. This article will adopt case and comparative studies to conduct overall research based on the reform of Chinese migration law and try to put forward more constructive advice for China’s immigration legal framework. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20migration%20law" title="Chinese migration law">Chinese migration law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reform" title=" reform"> reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreigners" title=" foreigners"> foreigners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigration%20legal%20framework" title=" immigration legal framework"> immigration legal framework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145950/the-reform-of-chinese-migration-law-and-its-actual-implementation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1215</span> The Role of Risk Attitudes and Networks on the Migration Decision: Empirical Evidence from the United States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamanna%20Rimi">Tamanna Rimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A large body of literature has discussed the determinants of migration decision. However, the potential role of individual risk attitudes on migration decision has so far been overlooked. The research on migration literature has studied how the expected income differential influences migration flows for a risk neutral individual. However, migration takes place when there is no expected income differential or even the variability of income appears as lower than in the current location. This migration puzzle motivates a recent trend in the literature that analyzes how attitudes towards risk influence the decision to migrate. However, the significance of risk attitudes on migration decision has been addressed mostly in a theoretical perspective in the mainstream migration literature. The efficient outcome of labor market and overall economy are largely influenced by migration in many countries. Therefore, attitudes towards risk as a determinant of migration should get more attention in empirical studies. To author’s best knowledge, this is the first study that has examined the relationship between relative risk aversion and migration decision in US market. This paper considers movement across United States as a means of migration. In addition, this paper also explores the network effect due to the increasing size of one’s own ethnic group to a source location on the migration decision and how attitudes towards risk vary with network effect. Two ethnic groups (i.e. Asian and Hispanic) have been considered in this regard. For the empirical estimation, this paper uses two sources of data: 1) U.S. census data for social, economic, and health research, 2010 (IPUMPS) and 2) University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study, 2010 (HRS). In order to measure relative risk aversion, this study uses the ‘Two Sample Two-Stage Instrumental Variable (TS2SIV)’ technique. This is a similar method of Angrist (1990) and Angrist and Kruegers’ (1992) ‘Two Sample Instrumental Variable (TSIV)’ technique. Using a probit model, the empirical investigation yields the following results: (i) risk attitude has a significantly large impact on migration decision where more risk averse people are less likely to migrate; (ii) the impact of risk attitude on migration varies by other demographic characteristics such as age and sex; (iii) people with higher concentration of same ethnic households living in a particular place are expected to migrate less from their current place; (iv) the risk attitudes on migration vary with network effect. The overall findings of this paper relating risk attitude, migration decision and network effect can be a significant contribution addressing the gap between migration theory and empirical study in migration literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title="migration">migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20effect" title=" network effect"> network effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20attitude" title=" risk attitude"> risk attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.S.%20market" title=" U.S. market"> U.S. market</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92466/the-role-of-risk-attitudes-and-networks-on-the-migration-decision-empirical-evidence-from-the-united-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1214</span> Migration in Times of Uncertainty</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harman%20Jaggi">Harman Jaggi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Steinsaltz"> David Steinsaltz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shripad%20Tuljapurkar"> Shripad Tuljapurkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the effect of fluctuations on populations is crucial in the context of increasing habitat fragmentation, climate change, and biological invasions, among others. Migration in response to environmental disturbances enables populations to escape unfavorable conditions, benefit from new environments and thereby ride out fluctuations in variable environments. Would populations disperse if there is no uncertainty? Karlin showed in 1982 that when sub-populations experience distinct but fixed growth rates at different sites, greater mixing of populations will lower the overall growth rate relative to the most favorable site. Here we ask if and when environmental variability favors migration over no-migration. Specifically, in random environments, would a small amount of migration increase the overall long-run growth rate relative to the zero migration case? We use analysis and simulations to show how long-run growth rate changes with migration rate. Our results show that when fitness (dis)advantages fluctuate over time across sites, migration may allow populations to benefit from variability. When there is one best site with highest growth rate, the effect of migration on long-run growth rate depends on the difference in expected growth between sites, scaled by the variance of the difference. When variance is large, there is a substantial probability of an inferior site experiencing higher growth rate than its average. Thus, a high variance can compensate for a difference in average growth rates between sites. Positive correlations in growth rates across sites favor less migration. With multiple sites and large fluctuations, the length of shortest cycle (excursion) from the best site (on average) matters, and we explore the interplay between excursion length, average differences between sites and the size of fluctuations. Our findings have implications for conservation biology: even when there are superior sites in a sea of poor habitats, variability and habitat quality across space may be key to determining the importance of migration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title="migration">migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable-environments" title=" variable-environments"> variable-environments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random" title=" random"> random</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersal" title=" dispersal"> dispersal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluctuations" title=" fluctuations"> fluctuations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=habitat-quality" title=" habitat-quality"> habitat-quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158611/migration-in-times-of-uncertainty" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1213</span> Temporal Migration and Community Development in Rural Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gunawan%20Prayitno">Gunawan Prayitno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kakuya%20Matshusima"> Kakuya Matshusima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiyoshi%20Kobayashi"> Kiyoshi Kobayashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesia’s rural regions are characterized by wide-spread poverty, under-employment, and surplus of low-skilled labor. The aim of this paper is to empirically prove the effect of social ties (strong and weak tie) as social capital construct on households’ migration decision in the case of developing country (Indonesia). The methodology incorporated indicators of observe variables (four demographic attributes data: income, occupation, education, and family members) and indicators of latent variables (ties to neighbors, ties to community and sense of place) provided by responses to survey questions to aid in estimating the model. Using structural equation model that we employed in Mplus program, the result of our study shows that ties to community positively have a significant impact to the decision of respondents (migrate or not). Besides, education as observed variable directly influences the migration decisions. It seems that higher level of education have impact on migration decision. Our current model so far could explain the relation between social capital and migration decision choice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title="migration">migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ties%20to%20community" title=" ties to community"> ties to community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ties%20to%20neighbors" title=" ties to neighbors"> ties to neighbors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38539/temporal-migration-and-community-development-in-rural-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1212</span> Migration, Violent Extremism and Gang Violence in Trinidad and Tobago</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raghunath%20Mahabir">Raghunath Mahabir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper provides an analysis of the existing evidence on the relationships between the migration of Venezuelans into Trinidad and Tobago, violent extremism and gang violence. Arguing that there is a dearth of reliable data on the subject matter, the paper fills the gap by providing relevant definitions of terms used, discusses the sources of data and identifies the causes for this migration and the subsequent ramifications for Trinidad and Tobago and for the migrants themselves. A simple but clear classification pointing to the nexus between migration gang violence and violent extremism is developed, following the logic of migration of criminals(gang members), the need to link with local gangs and the view that certain elements within the TnT society has become radicalized to the point where violent extremism is being displayed in different ways. The paper highlights implications for further policy debate:the imperatives for more effective communication between government officials responsible for migration and those personnel who are tasked with countering violent extremism and gang violence: promoting and executing better integration and social inclusion policies which are necessary to minimize social exclusion, and the threat of violent extremist agendas emanating from both Venezuelans and Trinidadians and generally to establish strong analytical framework grounded in stronger definitions, more reliable data and other evidence which can guide further research and analysis and contribute to policy formation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title="migration">migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violent%20extremism" title=" violent extremism"> violent extremism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gangs" title=" gangs"> gangs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venezuela" title=" Venezuela"> Venezuela</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181452/migration-violent-extremism-and-gang-violence-in-trinidad-and-tobago" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1211</span> Anthropogenic Impact on Migration Process of River Yamuna in Delhi-NCR Using Geospatial Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Asim">Mohd Asim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Nageswara%20Rao"> K. Nageswara Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work was carried out on River Yamuna passing through Delhi- National Capital Region (Delhi-NCR) of India for a stretch of about 130 km to assess the anthropogenic impact on the channel migration process for a period of 200 years with the help of satellite data and topographical maps with integration of geographic information system environment. Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) application was used to quantify river channel migration in ArcGIS environment. The average river channel migration was calculated to be 22.8 m/year for the entire study area. River channel migration was found to be moving in westward and eastward direction. Westward migration is more than 4 km maximum in length and eastward migration is about 4.19 km. The river has migrated a total of 32.26 sq. km of area. The results reveal that the river is being impacted by various human activities. The impact indicators include engineering structures, sand mining, embankments, urbanization, land use/land cover, canal network. The DSAS application was also used to predict the position of river channel in future for 2032 and 2042 by analyzing the past and present rate and direction of movement. The length of channel in 2032 and 2042 will be 132.5 and 141.6 km respectively. The channel will migrate maximum after crossing Okhla Barrage near Faridabad for about 3.84 sq. km from 2022 to 2042 from west to east. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20migration" title="river migration">river migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20Yamuna" title=" river Yamuna"> river Yamuna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropogenic%20impacts" title=" anthropogenic impacts"> anthropogenic impacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSAS" title=" DSAS"> DSAS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Delhi-NCR" title=" Delhi-NCR"> Delhi-NCR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150261/anthropogenic-impact-on-migration-process-of-river-yamuna-in-delhi-ncr-using-geospatial-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150261.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1210</span> On the Move: Factors Impacting the Migratory Decision-Making Capabilities of Gambians Relocating to Europe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeremy%20Goldsmith">Jeremy Goldsmith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Gambia, the smallest country in mainland Africa and one of the poorest countries on Earth, is currently experiencing historically unprecedented levels of out-migration to Europe. As a result, Gambians are currently among the top four nationalities emigrating to Europe. The central question that this thesis will address is: what factors impact the migration-related decision-making capabilities of Gambians? Based on interviews with NGOs, as well as those who have migrated and returned, are planning to migrate, and their friends and families, a pattern will emerge. This pattern will be woven into first person narratives which will explore the politico-economic, environmental, and socio-cultural factors that inform individual decision-making with regards to migration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title="migration">migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=The%20Gambia" title=" The Gambia"> The Gambia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa" title=" Africa"> Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politico-economic" title=" politico-economic"> politico-economic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociocultural" title=" sociocultural"> sociocultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental" title=" environmental"> environmental</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60771/on-the-move-factors-impacting-the-migratory-decision-making-capabilities-of-gambians-relocating-to-europe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1209</span> Inferring Human Mobility in India Using Machine Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asra%20Yousuf">Asra Yousuf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajaykumar%20Tannirkulum"> Ajaykumar Tannirkulum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inferring rural-urban migration trends can help design effective policies that promote better urban planning and rural development. In this paper, we describe how machine learning algorithms can be applied to predict internal migration decisions of people. We consider data collected from household surveys in Tamil Nadu to train our model. To measure the performance of the model, we use data on past migration from National Sample Survey Organisation of India. The factors for training the model include socioeconomic characteristic of each individual like age, gender, place of residence, outstanding loans, strength of the household, etc. and his past migration history. We perform a comparative analysis of the performance of a number of machine learning algorithm to determine their prediction accuracy. Our results show that machine learning algorithms provide a stronger prediction accuracy as compared to statistical models. Our goal through this research is to propose the use of data science techniques in understanding human decisions and behaviour in developing countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title="development">development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20migration" title=" internal migration"> internal migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction "> prediction </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91270/inferring-human-mobility-in-india-using-machine-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1208</span> The Other Dreamers: A Study of the Relationship between Returned Migration and Entrepreneurship</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascual%20Garc%C3%ADa">Pascual García</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20Ochoa"> Francisco Ochoa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessica%20Ordo%C3%B1ez"> Jessica Ordoñez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The links between migration and development have been widely written and analyzed from different perspectives. However, the nexus between entrepreneurship and migration is of recent interest. The different studies related to this have focused on the ventures of ethnic enclaves, or on transnational businesses, which link the community of origin and destination. Beyond this perspective, this work analyzes the return migration, (a few studies until now, but forming part of a theoretical body of migration). As a result of the European crisis started between 2007-2008. Many Ecuadorians who lived in Europe, decided to return to their place of origin. The rise of the price of the oil and commodities presented a better panorama in Ecuador than in Europe. Faced with the magnitude of returnees, the opportunities for entrepreneurship in Ecuador increased (Accumulation of human capital, social capital, learned skills and capital). Thus there is an interest in the possibility of returned migrants in the country to start a business in their place of origin. The following study is the result of this. A survey of 110 returned migrants was carried out in the south of Ecuador and, using a Probit econometric model, we determined that the variables specified as geographic area, sex, education level are not significant, so they are not determinant when undertaking. However, time abroad and skills learned, if they were significant at the time of the decision to start a business. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title="entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=returned%20migration" title=" returned migration"> returned migration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81793/the-other-dreamers-a-study-of-the-relationship-between-returned-migration-and-entrepreneurship" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1207</span> Particle Migration in Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluid </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shamik%20Hazra">Shamik Hazra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sushanta%20Mitra"> Sushanta Mitra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashis%20Sen"> Ashis Sen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite growing interest of microparticle manipulation in non-Newtonian fluids, combined effect of viscoelasticity and shear thinning on particle lateral position is not well understood. We performed experiments with rigid microparticles of 15 µm diamater in popular Shear thinning viscoelastic (STVE) liquid poyethylene oxide (PEO) of different molecular weights (MW) and concentrations (c), for Reynolds number (Re) < 1. Microparticles in an STVE liquid revealed four different migration regimes: original streamline (OS), bimodal (BM), centre migration (CM) and defocusing (DF), depending upon the Re and c and interplay of different forces is also elucidated. Our investigation will be helpful to select proper polymer concentration to achieve desired particle focusing inside microchannel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20migration" title="lateral migration">lateral migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microparticle" title=" microparticle"> microparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene%20oxide" title=" polyethylene oxide"> polyethylene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20thinning" title=" shear thinning"> shear thinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscoelasticity" title=" viscoelasticity"> viscoelasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128138/particle-migration-in-shear-thinning-viscoelastic-fluid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1206</span> World on the Edge: Migration and Cross Border Crimes in West Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeyemi%20Kamil%20Hamzah">Adeyemi Kamil Hamzah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The contiguity of nations in international system suggests that world is a composite of socio-economic unit with people exploring and exploiting the potentials in the world via migrations. Thus, cross border migration has made positive contributions to social and economic development of individuals and nations by increasing the household incomes of the host countries. However, the cross border migrations in West Africa are becoming part of a dynamic and unstable world migration system. This is due to the nature and consequences of trans-border crimes in West Africa, with both short and long term effects on the socio-economic viability of developing countries like West African States. The paper identified that migration influenced cross-border crimes as well as the high spate of insurgencies in the sub-region. Furthermore, the consequential effect of a global village has imbalanced population flows, making some countries host and parasites to others. Also, stern and deft cross-border rules and regulations, as well as territorial security and protections, ameliorate cross border crimes and migration in West African sub-regions. Therefore, the study concluded that cross border migration is the linchpin of all kinds of criminal activities which affect the security of states in the sub-region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-border%20migration" title="cross-border migration">cross-border migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=border%20crimes" title=" border crimes"> border crimes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=West%20Africa" title=" West Africa"> West Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalisation" title=" globalisation"> globalisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88736/world-on-the-edge-migration-and-cross-border-crimes-in-west-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1205</span> Fatherhood and Migration among Chinese Returnees in Hong Kong: A Literature Review </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucille%20Lok-Sun%20Ngan">Lucille Lok-Sun Ngan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are significant gaps in both the migration and family literatures regarding the gendered parenting of Chinese migrants. Evidence from the literature informs us that the child-focused parenting style of the West has altered, with positive consequences, parent–child relationships in migrant families. In particular, second-generation migrants have developed hybrid identities distinct from those of their overseas-born parents and the locals. On returning to their place of origin, they may undergo yet another process of change in values, and in behaviour, in order to adapt to the local culture. As migration changes values, personality and practice at personal, interpersonal and familial levels, the cross-cultural experiences of returnees inevitably affect their own fatherhood journeys in their country of origin. This paper reviews current literature on fatherhood and migration and identifies the gaps and limitations that pertain to understanding the paternal experiences of Chinese return migrants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20returnees" title="Chinese returnees">Chinese returnees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural%20experiences" title=" cross-cultural experiences"> cross-cultural experiences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatherhood" title=" fatherhood"> fatherhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybridity" title=" hybridity"> hybridity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13365/fatherhood-and-migration-among-chinese-returnees-in-hong-kong-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1204</span> Traced Destinies: A Study on the Migration of Brazilian Children for Switzerland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flavia%20%20Schuler%20Gomes">Flavia Schuler Gomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20Brito%20Dias"> Cristina Brito Dias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emily%20Schuler"> Emily Schuler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the emerging themes in modern society is migration. What in the past was a route mostly traveled by men, is currently carried out by women and even children. In this sense, the objective of this research was to understand the experiences and repercussions of the migration in the life of young Brazilians who went to Switzerland. The specific objectives were: to know the causes and consequences of migration; how was the adaptation in the country in emotional and educational terms; as how the interviewees feel the impact of living with two cultures simultaneously. The research had a qualitative methodology. The participants were eight young men and women, between the ages of 18 and 25, who migrated to Switzerland as a child. The instrument used was interview technique of life history. The collected data were analyzed through the thematic content analysis. The results indicate that the young people migrated to accompany their mothers; in terms of nationality, two participants feel completely Swiss, and six believe they share Swiss and Brazilian aspects. None of the participants followed an academic career, having secondary education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation" title="adaptation">adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87272/traced-destinies-a-study-on-the-migration-of-brazilian-children-for-switzerland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1203</span> Being Young in Times of Change: Transformative Aspects of Migration across Generations in South Wollo, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adamnesh%20A.%20Bogale">Adamnesh A. Bogale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorte%20Thorsen"> Dorte Thorsen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to learn how children/siblings left behind due to parental migration experience care and the effects of the separation. It also aims to unpack the experiences of youth migrants in rural Ethiopia. It focuses specifically on how children and youth are affected in order to highlight in which areas intervention can enhance or inadvertently undermine the development impact of migration on young people. Based on a qualitative study in South Wollo, Ethiopia, which was undertaken in three stages in 2017-19 and involved 34 households and a number of key informants, the analysis offers insights into how migration contributes to household sustainability and, in the process, alters intergenerational relationships and dynamics. Contemporary migration in Ethiopia is complex and highly gendered. For young women, the migration corridor from Ethiopia to the Middle East is the most important, whereas young men mostly engage in local migration or travel to South Africa or Sudan. Arguing that children and youths’ experience of migration must be understood in the context of the moral, affective, and material economies, the paper distinguishes between young people’s experiences of migration as children of migrants, as siblings of a migrant, and as migrants. The material shows that children and youths demonstrate different experiences in parental migration depending on age, care arrangement, and the ability to communicate with an absent mother. Migration has a different implication for younger siblings depending on their gender. The division of work and future responsibilities post marriage combine to disadvantage female siblings while male siblings are either unaffected or reaped the benefits of investments made with remittances. Finally, migration is a mechanism to change generational power relationships. As remitters, young migrants yield better recognition in the family, though not always to the degree that they can control the use of remittances. The power to make decisions is not tied only to material resources and the household; migration facilitates social change that opens space for young women to have more influence over their own lives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title="migration">migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth" title=" youth"> youth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generations" title=" generations"> generations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186010/being-young-in-times-of-change-transformative-aspects-of-migration-across-generations-in-south-wollo-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1202</span> State Capacity and the Adoption of Restrictive Asylum Policies in Developing Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duncan%20K.%20Espenshade">Duncan K. Espenshade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scholars have established expectations regarding how the political and economic interests of a country's people and elites can influence its migration policies. Most of the scholarship exploring the adoption of migration policies focuses on the developed world, focusing on the cultural, political, and economic influences that drive restrictive policies in developed countries. However, despite the scholarly focus on migration policies in developed countries, most internationally displaced people reside in developing countries. Furthermore, while the political and economic factors that influence migration policy in developed countries are likely at play in developing states, developing states also face unique hurdles to policy formation not present in developed states. Namely, this article explores how state capacity, or in this context, a state's de facto ability to restrict or absorb migration inflows, influences the adoption of migration policies in developing countries. Using Cox-Proportional hazard models and recently introduced data on asylum policies in developing countries, this research finds that having a greater ability to restrict migration flows is associated with a reduced likelihood of adopting liberal asylum policies. Future extensions of this project will explore the adoption of asylum policies as a two-stage process, in which the available decision set of political actors is first constrained by a state's restrictive and absorptive capacity in the first stage, with the political, economic, and cultural factors influencing the policy adopted in the second stage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20capacity" title="state capacity">state capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations" title=" international relations"> international relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20policy" title=" foreign policy"> foreign policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154951/state-capacity-and-the-adoption-of-restrictive-asylum-policies-in-developing-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1201</span> Hidden Markov Movement Modelling with Irregular Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victoria%20Goodall">Victoria Goodall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Fatti"> Paul Fatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norman%20Owen-Smith"> Norman Owen-Smith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hidden Markov Models have become popular for the analysis of animal tracking data. These models are being used to model the movements of a variety of species in many areas around the world. A common assumption of the model is that the observations need to have regular time steps. In many ecological studies, this will not be the case. The objective of the research is to modify the movement model to allow for irregularly spaced locations and investigate the effect on the inferences which can be made about the latent states. A modification of the likelihood function to allow for these irregular spaced locations is investigated, without using interpolation or averaging the movement rate. The suitability of the modification is investigated using GPS tracking data for lion (Panthera leo) in South Africa, with many observations obtained during the night, and few observations during the day. Many nocturnal predator tracking studies are set up in this way, to obtain many locations at night when the animal is most active and is difficult to observe. Few observations are obtained during the day, when the animal is expected to rest and is potentially easier to observe. Modifying the likelihood function allows the popular Hidden Markov Model framework to be used to model these irregular spaced locations, making use of all the observed data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hidden%20Markov%20Models" title="hidden Markov Models">hidden Markov Models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irregular%20observations" title=" irregular observations"> irregular observations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20movement%20modelling" title=" animal movement modelling"> animal movement modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nocturnal%20predator" title=" nocturnal predator"> nocturnal predator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56744/hidden-markov-movement-modelling-with-irregular-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1200</span> Numerical Simulation of Phase Transfer during Cryosurgery for an Irregular Tumor Using Hybrid Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rama%20Bhargava">Rama Bhargava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current paper, numerical simulation has been performed for the two-dimensional time dependent Pennes’ heat transfer model which is solved for irregular diseased tumor cells. An elliptic cryoprobe of varying sizes is taken at the center of the computational domain in such a manner that the location of the probe is fixed throughout the computation. The phase transition occurs due to the effect of probe with infusion of different nanoparticles Au, Al₂O₃, Fe₃O₄. The cooling performance of these nanoparticles injected at very low temperature, has been studied by implementing a hybrid FEM/EFGM method in which the whole domain is decomposed into two subdomains. The results are shown in terms of temperature profile inside the computational domain. Rate of cooling is obtained for various nanoparticles and it is observed that infusion of Au nanoparticles is very much efficient in increasing the heating rate than other nanoparticles. Such numerical scheme has direct applications where the domain is irregular. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryosurgery" title="cryosurgery">cryosurgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20EFGM%2FFEM" title=" hybrid EFGM/FEM"> hybrid EFGM/FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141329/numerical-simulation-of-phase-transfer-during-cryosurgery-for-an-irregular-tumor-using-hybrid-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1199</span> Academic Mobility and International Migration: Challenges and Opportunities for African Skilled Immigrants in Sweden</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Kubai">Anne Kubai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the Lisbon Summit in 2007, discussion and dialogue on ways of enhancing collaboration between Africa and the EU on the issues of migration, mobility and employment has intensified. The Africa-EU Partnership on migration, mobility and employment aims to provide far-reaching responses on migration and employment challenges; and facilitate mobility of people in Africa and the EU. However, since the outcomes of the proposed policies depend on the political interests and institutional capacities of both the EU and African states that are involved, the results have so far been uncoordinated and scattered. Also, many European countries have eased their entry regulations with regard to highly skilled migrants, and there is need to explore the implications of such changes. Therefore, this contribution will address the following questions: How has the progression of migration and border management in the Nordic countries, particularly Sweden, affected the flow and mobility of highly skilled migrants from Africa? What is the possible impact of the changes in receiving countries (such as introduction of tuition fees and more stringent admission regulations for foreign students in Sweden) on skilled migration and mobility? How can highly skilled immigrants be a source of research knowledge between international and local institutions and researchers both in sending and receiving countries? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20mobility" title="academic mobility">academic mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skilled" title=" skilled"> skilled</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African" title=" African"> African</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research" title=" research"> research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migrants" title=" migrants"> migrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sweden" title=" Sweden"> Sweden</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6504/academic-mobility-and-international-migration-challenges-and-opportunities-for-african-skilled-immigrants-in-sweden" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1198</span> Immigration Solutions for the United States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20Robert%20Alldritt">Philip Robert Alldritt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The continuing increase in human migration is at crisis levels in all areas of the planet. The causes are varied, and the risks are high for the migrants. Migration has been ongoing since the beginning of human emergence on the planet, but for the first time in our historic memory has the, migration reached this level of critical mass. The causes are many. Climate collapse, economic opportunity, drug cartel activity, political upheaval, and gang wars. Many locations are seemingly “within reach” of the migrants, and the push factors are so loaded with hopelessness that almost anyone would be willing to risk anything to improve their conditions. There is no argument about that mass migrations are occurring and will increase in the future. The solutions to this increase are complex. This paper will examine the causes of migration and attempt to provide some reasonable solutions to mitigate the migrations with equitable outcomes that may guide immigration policy in impacted areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigration" title="immigration">immigration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis" title=" crisis"> crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate" title=" climate"> climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cartels" title=" cartels"> cartels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170512/immigration-solutions-for-the-united-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1197</span> Influential Elements Shaping Intra-Regional Migration Within the Higher Education Landscape of Kashmir</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tasaduk%20Musood">Tasaduk Musood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the dynamic landscape of higher education, intra-regional migration within Kashmir represents a complex interplay of influential elements. This qualitative research study aims to explore and analyze the multifaceted factors that significantly shape the patterns and motivations driving students' migration within the region. The study employed a qualitative research approach. The research is carried out with a sample of 60 participants, consisting of 30 male and 30 female students selected from various higher education institutions in the Punjab region. Through self-structured interviews and thematic analysis, the research unravels the underlying drivers, aspirations, challenges, and opportunities that underpin the phenomenon of intra-regional migration in the Kashmiri higher education landscape. The results of this study are expected to offer valuable insights for policymakers, educational institutions, and stakeholders to better understand, address, and potentially enhance the experiences and outcomes of shareholders of students engaged in intra-regional mobility within Kashmir's higher education domain. This study's findings aim to contribute significantly to the existing body of knowledge surrounding intra-regional migration within Kashmir's higher education landscape, offering a nuanced understanding of the drivers behind student mobility. Ultimately, this research endeavors to facilitate more informed and effective decision-making in addressing the evolving dynamics of intra-regional migration in Kashmir's higher education sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intra-regional%20migration" title="intra-regional migration">intra-regional migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20migration%20patterns" title=" student migration patterns"> student migration patterns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20mobility" title=" student mobility"> student mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kashmir" title=" kashmir"> kashmir</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177111/influential-elements-shaping-intra-regional-migration-within-the-higher-education-landscape-of-kashmir" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1196</span> Seismic Isolation System for Irregular Structure with the Largest Isolation Building Area in the World</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houmame%20Benbouali">Houmame Benbouali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces the design, analysis, tests and application of a new isolation system used in irregular structure, also briefly introduces the recent research, and development on seismic isolation of civil buildings in China. A very large platform (2 stories RC frame) with plane size 1500m wide and 2000m long was built to cover the city railway communication hub area. About 50 isolation house buildings (9 stories RC frame) with 480,000 M2 were built on the top floor of platform. A new advanced isolation system named Storied-Isolation was used to ensure the seismic safety for this irregular structure with the largest isolation house building area in the world. This new isolation system has been used widely in China. There are over 400 buildings with seismic isolation have been built in China until 2003. This paper will introduce the recent research, and development on seismic isolation of civil buildings in China, including the tendency of application on seismic isolation, different isolation systems, different design level being used, design codes, application status and examples of application. Also the paper makes discussion of some problems on the future development of seismic isolation in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil%20buildings" title="civil buildings">civil buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floor" title=" floor"> floor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irregular%20structure" title=" irregular structure"> irregular structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20isolation" title=" seismic isolation"> seismic isolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44558/seismic-isolation-system-for-irregular-structure-with-the-largest-isolation-building-area-in-the-world" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1195</span> An Assessment into the Drift in Direction of International Migration of Labor: Changing Aspirations for Religiosity and Cultural Assimilation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Toqueer%20Akhter">Syed Toqueer Akhter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabia%20Zulfiqar"> Rabia Zulfiqar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper attempts to trace the determining factor- as far as individual preferences and expectations are concerned- of what causes the direction of international migration to drift in certain ways owing to factors such as Religiosity and Cultural Assimilation. The narrative on migration has graduated from the age long ‘push/pull’ debate to that of complex factors that may vary across each individual. We explore the longstanding factor of religiosity widely acknowledged in mentioned literature as a key variable in the assessment of migration, wherein the impact of religiosity in the form of a drift into the intent of migration has been analyzed. A more conventional factor cultural assimilation is used in a contemporary way to estimate how it plays a role in affecting the drift in direction. In particular what our research aims at achieving is to isolate the effect our key variables: Cultural Assimilation and Religiosity have on direction of migration, and to explore how they interplay as a composite unit- and how we may be able to justify the change in behavior displayed by these key variables. In order to establish a true sense of what drives individual choices we employ the method of survey research and use a questionnaire to conduct primary research. The questionnaire was divided into six sections covering subjects including household characteristics, perceptions and inclinations of the respondents relevant to our study. Religiosity was quantified using a proxy of Migration Network that utilized secondary data to estimate religious hubs in recipient countries. To estimate the relationship between Intent of Migration and its variants three competing econometric models namely: the Ordered Probit Model, the Ordered Logit Model and the Tobit Model were employed. For every model that included our key variables, a highly significant relationship with the intent of migration was estimated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20migration" title="international migration">international migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drift%20in%20direction" title=" drift in direction"> drift in direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20assimilation" title=" cultural assimilation"> cultural assimilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religiosity" title=" religiosity"> religiosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordered%20probit%20model" title=" ordered probit model"> ordered probit model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32297/an-assessment-into-the-drift-in-direction-of-international-migration-of-labor-changing-aspirations-for-religiosity-and-cultural-assimilation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1194</span> International-Migration and Land Use Change in Ghana: Assessment of the Multidimensional Effects on National Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baffoe%20Kingsley">Baffoe Kingsley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The consequence of the migration of young people from rural farming communities in the global south to the global north is a well-known phenomenon. While climate change and its accompanying socio-economic structures continue to be the driver, what is not really known is how left behinds are compelled to convert lands meant for the production of traditional staples such as cereals, vegetables, and tubers to the production of export-driven cashew plantations due to youth migration. The consequence of such migration on the development of Ghana and its food security is multidimensional. Using an ethnographic research design, the study revealed that the majority of farmers in the area are now aged, and farm labor has become scarce, which has impeded the cultivation of traditional staples for the population. It has also been established that in the absence of farm labor, most farmers have reduced farm sizes for the production of staples and increased the production of cashews. The practice has, in tend, resulted in a scarcity of land for the cultivation of staples. The study recommends further inquiry into how the effects of migration and cashew production as diversification in agriculture influence national development in Ghana. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=staple%20food%20crops" title="staple food crops">staple food crops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cashew%20plantations" title=" cashew plantations"> cashew plantations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182377/international-migration-and-land-use-change-in-ghana-assessment-of-the-multidimensional-effects-on-national-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1193</span> The Internal Migration in Jiangxi Province, China after the Migrating Decision</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gourida%20Siham">Gourida Siham </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chinese society has witnessed a continuing trend of nationwide rural to urban migration since the 1970's. Before that age, under restricted hukou systems, peasants were kept still and fixed in the farm land. The year 1978 and later years saw the control of migration in China was relaxed gradually, freeing peasants to start their own businesses and reach out to work also in urban areas. Since then the “floating population” (migrants without local hukou) took great momentum and drew great attention from both the media and academia. The scale of such internal migration is enormous –the floating population has reached to a number of 79 million in 2000, and as of 2010, the number of migrant workers from rural China amounts to over 221 million and according to the annual survey results projections by National Bureau of Statistics; the total migrant workers in china in 2012 amounted to 262.61 million, which refers to an increase of 9.83 million compared with the previous year with increase percentage by 3.9%. Using China’s Jiangxi Province as a case, this paper examines patterns of internal migration as a response of emigrations in the context of high emigration communities. Our findings suggest that emigration of individuals initially deterred both inter-provincial and intra- provincial migration of other family members, and yet, overtime they had an increasing propensity to migrate internally at both scales. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20migration" title="internal migration">internal migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jiangxi" title=" jiangxi"> jiangxi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanchang" title=" nanchang"> nanchang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remittances" title=" remittances"> remittances</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11816/the-internal-migration-in-jiangxi-province-china-after-the-migrating-decision" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11816.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1192</span> Political Deprivations, Political Risk and the Extent of Skilled Labor Migration from Pakistan: Finding of a Time-Series Analysis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Toqueer%20Akhter">Syed Toqueer Akhter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Hamid"> Hussain Hamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last few decades an upward trend has been observed in the case of labor migration from Pakistan. The emigrants are not just economically motivated and in search of a safe living environment towards more developed countries in Europe, North America and Middle East. The opportunity cost of migration comes in the form of brain drain that is the loss of qualified and skilled human capital. Throughout the history of Pakistan, situations of political instability have emerged ranging from violation of political rights, political disappearances to political assassinations. Providing security to the citizens is a major issue faced in Pakistan due to increase in crime and terrorist activities. The aim of the study is to test the impact of political instability, appearing in the form of political terror, violation of political rights and civil liberty on skilled migration of labor. Three proxies are used to measure the political instability; political terror scale (based on a scale of 1-5, the political terror and violence that a country encounters in a particular year), political rights (a rating of 1-7, that describes political rights as the ability for the people to participate without restraint in political process) and civil liberty (a rating of 1-7, civil liberty is defined as the freedom of expression and rights without government intervention). Using time series data from 1980-2011, the distributed lag models were used for estimation because migration is not a onetime process, previous events and migration can lead to more migration. Our research clearly shows that political instability appearing in the form of political terror, political rights and civil liberty all appeared significant in explaining the extent of skilled migration of Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skilled%20labor%20migration" title="skilled labor migration">skilled labor migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20terror" title=" political terror"> political terror</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20rights" title=" political rights"> political rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil%20liberty" title=" civil liberty"> civil liberty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20lag%20model" title=" distributed lag model"> distributed lag model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8865/political-deprivations-political-risk-and-the-extent-of-skilled-labor-migration-from-pakistan-finding-of-a-time-series-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1028</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1191</span> Problems of Youth Employment in Agricultural Sector of Georgia and Causes of Migration </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kharaishvili">E. Kharaishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chavleishvili"> M. Chavleishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Lobzhanidze"> M. Lobzhanidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Damenia"> N. Damenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Sagareishvili"> N. Sagareishvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article substantiates that youth employment in Georgia, especially in the agricultural sector, is an acute socio-economic problem. The paper analyzes the indicators of youth employment and unemployment rates by age and gender in the agriculture sector. Research revealed that over the past decade, the unemployment rate in rural areas has decreased; however, the problem of unemployment is more sensitive than in the city in this field. The article established youth unemployment rates in rural areas; it assesses labor and educational migration causes. Based on the survey, there are proposed findings and recommendations of the agricultural sector about improving youth employment, reducing unemployment rate, reaching migration processes optimization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth%20employment" title="youth employment">youth employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20agricultural%20sector" title=" the agricultural sector"> the agricultural sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unemployment%20rate" title=" unemployment rate"> unemployment rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth%20migration" title=" youth migration"> youth migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20education" title=" agricultural education"> agricultural education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71814/problems-of-youth-employment-in-agricultural-sector-of-georgia-and-causes-of-migration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71814.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irregular%20migration&page=2" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irregular%20migration&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irregular%20migration&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">3</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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