CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "dl.acm.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e74f8db392691bd',cH: 'wOExTiwKn7s4qZNcNguOCH4lQIhynSwtrvRgxULi4m4-1732404888-1.2.1.1-KgvBcBZUAMczR3MMjbGkp9TLKwgcI8oU7sAk_U_Zgtc9wj_v9bDZL5FDc.e6qZ.6',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1145\/2740908.2742024?__cf_chl_tk=mG4qP8l294DaQhIPAdEPWyNYYA8Uv0DGhDMLqEo.pck-1732404888-1.0.1.1-knGtkceHBBHwn479uYl2kYkRCJs_McjL3FDsVh2920o",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732404888',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1145\/2740908.2742024?__cf_chl_f_tk=mG4qP8l294DaQhIPAdEPWyNYYA8Uv0DGhDMLqEo.pck-1732404888-1.0.1.1-knGtkceHBBHwn479uYl2kYkRCJs_McjL3FDsVh2920o",md: "788hg78TNYzSb55WmXNAz92A405ebi9RgBwr3TRHtmA-1732404888-1.2.1.1-QL1FvhK9TJ_OupxxPT66Y5VEfQC.N_hOsmk0ti2y3ZvGl3gFxywgUAv1QNnrzfH9GdLzpQeEuabgq89wXYDy30OAiE0mVg5AYQO5l4TK2QTTjxaPdbbrXZTPVR2cuvhq40thi3zQU6iKJFNpYkDL5a8PROINLq5CuGqpNbYpuDFeqlmF43bxx1.d.ei3MCoXsKsY1cXY9ZyXjMSQ22lXsNtckxtlyaa3AOi6W.VNyVsPwbxx4j64yxVzcjNfs7Z9Q3l_y07BmO1kVzfPiMXCxolGBDoSY53ZBMykZc34SXRDVYUoJk.xxee9nhbyYu1RXOKE3oP0sAOrEEUchXxoa6jseUjOt2wLyQ0YzFuuy6ytwbtGlieylf3oJEerMYfe5L3wmEbIvLeZg_RJeDne6WGkVhnjKZU9kgivZJwGIJNyQZo.VGp7BBWFqIVpT.jYq2E.BSXi4udKZjHHRVSWGZCUjufie4fntHJHjPYSJYJLJ5PdRMDF5K_xBq7to3wYha7b_x2gccB7uU4w1We6adp..YCkOCXrW4lTBeThdt5pVJCxrbqpQnL2pJORQKrvBueX6A8zOyLvo.4utGfLGY_DZ5Zz3Xafv47h7Q5WbXBAD.oIdtnrIFcC.22B4amrxaBfh6AJK92RrKeq4UtYwKhGhdU33Ib2nuhyS9M75dZzcUvcwQq1clNIzpW0X9Ud6HcLGKVrEWOAcH5mg0hMLHXkTPOwfZrvMv0p5DD7XbAsVvQCH38YBNVP5fdnAh.DI3.7v4hczUe1T26NzGdv4O_UAEIENge8UB8NukRXgPPAyjij4qLdmdQuKmxno5S51tV3rNBMKbKcA7dBJs_3JhBq21d6WamboT.igCKraIldHLIOTHSHRL1CWMdjgLmOp5QhGTdOP1L3WFISybu37BhHxTMvp_i.eyxMmhoMET8LD2coUJc_Kx_cutX4Z7gZShvXUvoVSmbD4_e92eCmbHTYqy6SywvC9l7Amai.ZB0YPehPvCex0wQKucI8_3cekhyBl6Km73k547O6BqTSUI7PECjpknXLY1mQpS0J.enB.54wXi.21r31i32ppQww1IRZ11azMpDaSyK5ayLI5Dt7rwJqbnWIoVbqxKZO9isyLILsYB5B44Y8LZ9vjgEr2Gfd9WpRuddy9NpoJ6XhMWHuM9_CXy8hwYI5WYBdNOgl82uUvQQ._qPfR4BFem10Fu8OhNVH4pZcRZtYnPIhjVf1g3txwVNf1KH0zTpW1G.173wmMQZCFiS6_oI8QisW8IeA39rqv4Kdp64ch91li2QMmuAohTKjpj1NUi6yexJ8EXcXi0gr4qnSD85O4_IUwNgRBeIvs2wqtjPU3vDK9Uw0jNf9CZxlSBMWL_EBNTRBVcxzfwLm3rY8VSHi9A4SE8.2jEFnb6GZdiObRfq2RESu.BuRYqMAtv9FRjIO2cWCP0fNRGAoQi.qTDica4rygipeVwCUp7Pb7qhGm9rLH0LL7EXs2tN4kewWmShwVY72y0a4CTPk0tXt1pIdPRO83hmal3vxlGYsEgMLKoirDOYApUmmXEue2f14q.QkmDPwwpdVlNJfNgR1REYRv.LCqwUZGRZpCl7sT4SzzSR6eurPRciAiPNpDxHdfhLTsEi4ScC8ja9fMPFf5SYUxIX2kgN.l00JfTBfZmd69QNa97A2dvowrk3jVp4DEaH0uNRs06y0TnN2EsZAk24f4YG0k13rqN_tMeQz.HVnhQpISc5LEOr_twZthW0dO27ItPWGuezFwH54onILJ4nWZ3uTrW6UxBumSbtjbyGmmEUyG4jCrOHTvJRMtB.HIxM4DHvsddXBlpZeLQB1B3qaFcXaesqUnuGwvzF_c1ZOV0lkDmhKvjR5Xhs.DX3JW27WgmDeMApOFtnXbjJsiq98sJHZnXbuHrB.y6MFPYP_B55sAtT2qZobM7oCjcI3zy5tJ3YRpVvFPBc_85korzqAidAmk.uxpPusFRjsFKbY4fX4JydQZ2IzeZgqBf_a1M06w2lE13xdH1e0RCoZmsB1tBDSTe54lTV6PH8SQWs4RJZRnkatNLIG8S11YlN9vzwNcpylHdsI_0melZsAnj70fnqMmsEGhP5mnjNOH4lI.a3UqcuWjyjjkZCguDBTyxzqcRNPCuUdZ.WUKCCZIx4kKpRci5dlRJlsZ_0S5w_Q4VfazXaArFyn6kvdIBCdG7K8M3icsM543p.cgiX_AHswwGea5uvaQwed7nUeYUx3QkrMV1djJujoZE5c_LLN1tIXHswQshhwU9LBFIEgejslKvtEco0O0sFRpggGmS1B_fKxSKqvp9WCsyHoS4GM7nvjSYWYiWjVQ4y6zGhmYgOkAtJPPH67zN46DIL30oc0EEEUp7GBQzJZqL1C9YIjDGu00Riw9dWxXQNf3cjqhPff9MpPT68ujLU.7Ag_5G4LwbCVRMs5LBdSQjhOyL1vmUKwJ0dG52VqQ4MPjAP3EGSMvufvLtfPTgE9Q1nNFLUNDl43bp7QDnox.UD8P5reaPFeytPndQKCy1DqFbPjSVzbElrfKvkdcG0m4zSVDM7TlInxyNdlc.ASm4JLanmKRKln9gCJcS3HcUCU4.nmSlZxxQAv0gSY46QgV2JcDu2_PnBaXQ9PJf_Eu.HtYwOVslspcyVXZgW9a.Ooh0vNSDYuBK6oE9lhsyXWxUrBGluajTsWdZ3A9wDKeNypM7Ib6ANAT1bw8xJIXUfuCS4u2gY0V_ltY1vL4993klnVttqf6ORRQapWzOZXqteDt6MnMn7df.oY6VBee7NDyWPP7ZX3DSUsCJGksRrJUaw_aG5WjGBGxoXdXU2qWTcpnqQsN7dytXFXZ.mA6CJIxeich.GsxWwdVYrhwickQTR87Jhpe1MHs24IvjE6CXVQ5AhJRa37WupuN2qARrqNTjd5okdQ.Me8MC2r8ThhTMpAoVJdB0T8edhFCTqQcgU5fKc0zppTuLQ4tol6FDRaGgrn_QWtLATv",mdrd: "J9xzk8WzlhbBBg9cUun4omhuEl_JsHFIXvLJxffc5Pc-1732404888-1.2.1.1-QfbtztnRzsFxbMujmB1FN4sEdNes9Up6lmO2GUGiYTR55Gyaw8EdU_OjYaJj3GGBuJjahJzuHernYrIPHBj4W6wIobFK9qX2JrRkJWt5ZWh2kIfvIIs7Ud6hKPFadebTQ75rRfg.fJoZ83nMb_0WI2PqQ5V0a8MqzG0iTwHsx3xEJ8dCgukGjsEUyvmxWNIyOA5B7Jr947oZIKetSX5NV6nOyJsDh7bEbjmPaKwR4vs8WqaW9YxpRKRbaKhTGmn9CxZ3n2jSVJFUOMC2yIyKCrKEK2BWXNjhPSX2AsxSW3c_GtYDPrI4QLeLVCcgYy8z76bGqoGc4bY.ijTX0wgbtlzkWNpfQr34WTJw3uuqiZG_5Bqx8RR2ISA8mwnE9AWT2ZfqOsQm05seyO.d9cvzgzxRltp60Db7m8K0XAD99.BCRdnWM1HCHmpzvZdvWlMTz.xmKbbw019w3_74GM9RitPvLALVf94vzbE8XOq2Jh_j0HMyw.5AlovXVx32TyokAJx6s2rB4WBK9AVEqiVYuOaJ_TD3RBpadAHhfPYgRoFzWMC260wlVVyZugGFD5CYYYkeuey5niGHudoUqgpR_2qzMhqFMVMBZS0tMwBisPjKAGUN5IUj3NI8D5kulkGcYycoeW6iDUOx4zn.okVBdFK2rKvHxgqvxT7R20jIdgoheGn4rVyeIyt7YymPg.NgjfebUfOu8BFc3GWvJ8r0MQJCF_VPNewky7Ed3glYmjjcyAFIOc_ASKNCgC0qaOiCvyf8SnMt6DNiQP1wsCqy7k2XMt7k3XzL9eDwLWgJxVfufEDf4UhajMWF97rabqTd9NMwhHOCavRururE.A9KKGQf68h0EvCp3QbT4YecD671.u2CXw.LRIIbHY.WOr2VdKJ2BP9Buoljr2SOZqb3t8a19jw7sYL.p8q6wTdG.XoqBDInXU07EwriRaJr9GSjy0XxlxhKQ3eGtdAcqXtONNXW4YI1ouhOhoMYtIRrhbY77u7lzf3U.GFAreiYIEDMRf0uDjAZUonNpDm7tmwtJwGDwYCV8uhk99OwyZCfHmqYP0scA_0YFMMiZQYkx.qHbXX5N.HjaaZ.yCTzMpXfwnGBvcW65qeBweUudcJYcCUP4ZIZ6GR2X2it8qgEZLl8fiMUvOA0ZF_rde8J2uY59a0OG3DVvx8AllZWUNgtargLrm_Rjfn3WnG5_E4.j2PxSmzjXvAXeXHg2dtPcbagfx9y5sNh9ClWMrM4IJoN5GR.XFr2QM7SD4ufMrvx6oARP0avwKmkrNYFDObqpVFlqsAoH9ribv8ezO6PWTVcTbuOltsZIp0S5izOSZndFT5m7ScUmMnIUHHTPepgDjJQLgDKfj4A6ntfva9Ei3fTVvjAeyba7r2iP1HMwGL7c6DhAqMPALLQ6ca6r8PfSdbj_gfW4G2mlPpMEYTIT2vYRIBk.MC9xW5_wvZsyDVtbCo3jK5nQaWBTXhRRIaMYC1zbX_UeSf1x0bvXpJzQRGd6Ujt_Iycp2Cj4wYW156XPgYqATPE45x1HiWtSSOjZ.U4g.GGNgqDCHorhZxFiPUqD8fELuBFWFBy9jOvnxeJvB1hIV3piSh.6y7nzdAPqc5IekR0fGTBfSO5aww8GbTa95ObRhqtIycn_1UgzgfMuHuSogwTZoUSCgY5h692A5sooqun7Op_5C3bfGFjssd5NFIIeQar1.oIcgtxDGt5HFLlgdyo.Ss3bz8qDAi2RowS4wuO7jIbbArPdUPpBZl7aJyxatBbMCW.XoAfD1qnfbPNmvNJGHyWpRnXO_v8tlwP2k7Yy5KlxrnhdrHCKsYXvXH_zK2HGrb788ex4fP6Tv5seYQ5bgnmZJYpmU7Kd6sJHZ480cB0ZCSXfzzs32H.EMvrONSAP870wMFaDiuFDTktuawj887AWJaCW.eI08PRlysoMtCc5My0MxRrQfpQ7ig"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e74f8db392691bd';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1145\/2740908.2742024?__cf_chl_rt_tk=mG4qP8l294DaQhIPAdEPWyNYYA8Uv0DGhDMLqEo.pck-1732404888-1.0.1.1-knGtkceHBBHwn479uYl2kYkRCJs_McjL3FDsVh2920o" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>