CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Gustavo Gutiérrez - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3a74eb39-c567-42a9-81e4-6128d1014e3e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Gustavo_Gutiérrez","wgTitle":"Gustavo Gutiérrez","wgCurRevisionId":1260634499,"wgRevisionId":1260634499,"wgArticleId":1577645,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from October 2024","Articles with hCards","Pages using Template:Post-nominals with customized linking","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2024","Articles needing additional references from October 2024","All articles needing additional references","All articles with unsourced statements", "Articles with unsourced statements from October 2024","Commons category link from Wikidata","1928 births","2024 deaths","20th-century Peruvian writers","21st-century Peruvian writers","Anti-poverty advocates","Catholic philosophers","Catholic socialists","Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968) alumni","Catholicism and far-left politics","Christian Peace Conference members","Christian radicals","Christian socialist theologians","Deaths from pneumonia in Peru","Liberation theologians","National University of San Marcos alumni","People from Lima","Peruvian Christian religious leaders","Peruvian Christian socialists","Peruvian Christian theologians","Peruvian Dominicans","Peruvian people of Quechua descent","Peruvian philosophers","University of Notre Dame faculty","World Christianity scholars"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Gustavo_Gutiérrez","wgRelevantArticleId":1577645,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q335384","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled": false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Gustavo_gutierrez_%28Peruvian_theologian%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1444"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Gustavo_gutierrez_%28Peruvian_theologian%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="963"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="770"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Gustavo Gutiérrez - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Gustavo_Gutiérrez rootpage-Gustavo_Gutiérrez skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foundations_of_liberation_theology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundations_of_liberation_theology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Foundations of liberation theology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundations_of_liberation_theology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ideology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Las_Casas_Institute_and_move_to_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Las_Casas_Institute_and_move_to_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Las Casas Institute and move to United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Las_Casas_Institute_and_move_to_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings_on_the_option_for_the_poor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings_on_the_option_for_the_poor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Writings on the option for the poor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writings_on_the_option_for_the_poor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_funeral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_funeral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Death and funeral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_funeral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Criticisms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Accolades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Selected works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gustavo Gutiérrez</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2_(%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9)" title="غوستافو غوتيريز (عالم عقيدة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غوستافو غوتيريز (عالم عقيدة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez_Merino" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez-Merino_D%C3%ADaz" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez-Merino Díaz – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez-Merino Díaz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez_(te%C3%B3logo)" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez (teólogo) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez (teólogo)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez_Merino" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez_Merino" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EB%B3%B4_%EA%B5%AC%ED%8B%B0%EC%97%90%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="구스타보 구티에레스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구스타보 구티에레스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%91%D7%95_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A1" title="גוסטבו גוטיירס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גוסטבו גוטיירס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="جوستافو جوتيريز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوستافو جوتيريز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9" title="グスタボ・グティエレス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グスタボ・グティエレス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez_Merino" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81,_%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Гутьеррес, Густаво – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гутьеррес, Густаво" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%93%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%94%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Густаво Гутьєррес – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Густаво Гутьєррес" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez_(godavan)" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez (godavan) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Gustavo Gutiérrez (godavan)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B2%83%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E9%90%B5%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="古斯塔沃·古鐵雷斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="古斯塔沃·古鐵雷斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q335384#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&oldid=1260634499" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&id=1260634499&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGustavo_Guti%25C3%25A9rrez"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGustavo_Guti%25C3%25A9rrez"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gustavo_Gutierrez_Merino_(Peruvian_theologian)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q335384" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Peruvian theologian (1928–2024)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Gustavo Gutiérrez, see <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez (disambiguation)">Gustavo Gutiérrez (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Gutiérrez-Merino</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> Díaz</i>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Reverend" title="The Reverend">The Reverend</a></span></div><div class="fn">Gustavo Gutiérrez</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">OP</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustavo_gutierrez_(Peruvian_theologian).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gustavo_gutierrez_%28Peruvian_theologian%29.jpg/220px-Gustavo_gutierrez_%28Peruvian_theologian%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gustavo_gutierrez_%28Peruvian_theologian%29.jpg/330px-Gustavo_gutierrez_%28Peruvian_theologian%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Gustavo_gutierrez_%28Peruvian_theologian%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="438" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Gutiérrez in 2007</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Gustavo Gutiérrez-Merino Díaz</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1928-06-08</span>)</span>8 June 1928<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, Peru</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">22 October 2024<span style="display:none">(2024-10-22)</span> (aged 96)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Lima, Peru</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Leuven_(1834%E2%80%931968)" title="Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968)">Catholic University of Leuven</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Lyon" title="Catholic University of Lyon">Catholic University of Lyon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li><li>professor</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employers</th><td class="infobox-data org"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">University of Notre Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Peru" title="Pontifical Catholic University of Peru">Pontifical Catholic University of Peru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_liberation_theology" title="Latin American liberation theology">Latin American liberation theology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Preferential_option_for_the_poor" class="mw-redirect" title="Preferential option for the poor">preferential option for the poor</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Theology_of_Liberation" title="A Theology of Liberation">A Theology of Liberation</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Legion of Honor">Legion of Honor</a> <br /> 1993 <br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences_members_(1994%E2%80%932005)#2002" title="List of American Academy of Arts and Sciences members (1994–2005)">Member</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><br /> 2002 <br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Asturias_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Asturias Award">Prince of Asturias Award</a> <br /> 2003 <br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacem_in_Terris_Peace_and_Freedom_Award" title="Pacem in Terris Peace and Freedom Award"><i>Pacem in Terris</i> Peace and Freedom Award</a> <br /> 2016 <br /></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ecclesiastical career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data">Christianity</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Church</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ordained</th><td class="infobox-data">1959</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Congregations served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Iglesia Cristo Redentor, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADmac_District" title="Rímac District">Rímac</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gustavo Gutiérrez-Merino Díaz</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">OP</a></span> (8 June 1928 – 22 October 2024) was a Peruvian philosopher, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_theologian" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic theologian">Catholic theologian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dominican_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican priest">Dominican priest</a> who was one of the founders of <a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology_in_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation theology in Latin America">liberation theology in Latin America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Løland_2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Løland_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His 1971 book <i><a href="/wiki/A_Theology_of_Liberation" title="A Theology of Liberation">A Theology of Liberation</a></i> is considered pivotal to the formation of liberation theology.<sup id="cite_ref-apnews-2024_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apnews-2024-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He held the <a href="/wiki/John_Cardinal_O%27Hara" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cardinal O'Hara">John Cardinal O'Hara</a> Professorship of Theology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">University of Notre Dame</a> and was a visiting professor at universities in North America and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gutiérrez studied medicine and literature at the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_San_Marcos" title="National University of San Marcos">National University of San Marcos</a> before deciding to become a <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">priest</a>. He began studying theology at the <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Theology,_Catholic_University_of_Leuven" title="Faculty of Theology, Catholic University of Leuven">Theology Faculty of Leuven</a> in Belgium and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Lyon" title="Catholic University of Lyon">in Lyon</a>, France. </p><p>His theological focus connected salvation and liberation through the <a href="/wiki/Preferential_option_for_the_poor" class="mw-redirect" title="Preferential option for the poor">preferential option for the poor</a>, with an emphasis on improving the material conditions of the impoverished. Gutiérrez proposed that <a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">revelation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">eschatology</a> have been excessively <a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)">idealized</a> at the expense of efforts to bring about the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of God">Kingdom of God</a> on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His methodology was often critical of the social and economic injustice he believed to be responsible for poverty in Latin America, and of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_clergy" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic clergy">Catholic clergy</a>. The central pastoral question of his work was: "How do we convey to the poor that God loves them?"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gustavo Gutiérrez was born in the Montserrat <a href="/wiki/Barrio" title="Barrio">barrio</a> of Lima on 8 June 1928 to <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">mestizo</a> parents of Hispanic and <a href="/wiki/Quechua_people" title="Quechua people">Quechua</a> descent.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was afflicted with <a href="/wiki/Osteomyelitis" title="Osteomyelitis">osteomyelitis</a> as an adolescent and was frequently bed-ridden. He had to use a wheelchair from age 12 to 18.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He described this time as a formative experience, claiming it instilled the value of hope through prayer and the love of family in friends. Gutiérrez lived in <a href="/wiki/Barranco_District" title="Barranco District">Barranco</a>, and studied at Colegio San Luis; among his close friends during those years was <a href="/wiki/Javier_Mari%C3%A1tegui" title="Javier Mariátegui">Javier Mariátegui</a>, with whom he later studied medicine. He described this experience as having had a profound impact on his interest in theology.<sup id="cite_ref-Hartnett_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartnett-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gutiérrez initially studied medicine at the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_San_Marcos" title="National University of San Marcos">National University of San Marcos</a> in Lima in order to become a <a href="/wiki/Psychiatrist" title="Psychiatrist">psychiatrist</a>. He also became involved with <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Action" title="Catholic Action">Catholic Action</a>, which greatly influenced his later theological arguments. </p><p>While in medical school, Gutiérrez realized he wanted to become a priest.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_(spanish)2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio_(spanish)2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He completed his theological studies in the Theology Faculty of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Leuven_(1834%E2%80%931968)" title="Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968)">Leuven</a> in Belgium and at <a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Lyon" title="Catholic University of Lyon">Lyon</a> in France, where he studied under <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Lubac" title="Henri de Lubac">Henri de Lubac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yves_Congar" title="Yves Congar">Yves Congar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie-Dominique_Chenu" title="Marie-Dominique Chenu">Marie Dominique Chenu</a>, Christian Ducoq, and several others.<sup id="cite_ref-Botella_Cubells_2011_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Botella_Cubells_2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also here where Gutiérrez was introduced to the Dominican and Jesuit ideologies, and was influenced by the work of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Schillebeeckx" title="Edward Schillebeeckx">Edward Schillebeeckx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Karl Rahner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_K%C3%BCng" title="Hans Küng">Hans Küng</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Metz" title="Johann Baptist Metz">Johann Baptist Metz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His time in Europe influenced Gutiérrez to discuss the openness of the Church to the contemporary world. He was also influenced by Protestant theologians such as <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Karl Barth</a> and social scientists such as <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Perroux" title="François Perroux">François Perroux</a> and his idea of development.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959, Gutiérrez was ordained a <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">priest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brittanica_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brittanica-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While studying in Europe, Gutiérrez was exposed to other, non-religious thinkers who had a profound impact on his ideology and the eventual formation of <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_liberation_theology" title="Latin American liberation theology">Latin American liberation theology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hartnett_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartnett-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the Faculty of Theology in Lyon, he studied <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> – on whom he did a philosophy licentiate at the University of Louvrain – and <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolutionary theorists</a> traditionally opposed or discouraged by the church.<sup id="cite_ref-Klaiber_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klaiber-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marx's discussion of <a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">class struggle</a> and the material conditions of poverty provided Gutiérrez a framework for understanding socio-economic inequality.<sup id="cite_ref-Klaiber_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klaiber-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foundations_of_liberation_theology">Foundations of liberation theology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundations of liberation theology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When he returned to Peru in the late 1950s, Gutiérrez began to formulate his understanding of Latin American "reality" – the foundation and driving force of <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_liberation_theology" title="Latin American liberation theology">Latin American liberation theology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He wrote: "I come from a continent in which more than 60% of the population lives in a state of poverty, and 82% of those find themselves in <a href="/wiki/Extreme_poverty" title="Extreme poverty">extreme poverty</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gutiérrez focused his efforts on the rediscovery of love thy neighbor as the central axiom of Christian life.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He contended that the European theology he had studied did not reflect the oppressive material conditions in Latin America. In 2003, Gutiérrez reminisced that his "parishioners in Lima would ... teach me volumes about hope in the midst of suffering". The relationship of suffering with Christianity would inspire his book <i>On Job</i>, published in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-Hartnett_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartnett-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his parish ministry, Gutiérrez was at one time pastor of the <i>Iglesia Cristo Redentor</i> (Church of Christ the Redeemer) in <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADmac_District" title="Rímac District">Rímac</a>, Peru.<sup id="cite_ref-Brittanica_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brittanica-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gutiérrez drafted an outline of his theological proposal at the conference "Towards a Theology of Liberation" during the Second Meeting of Priests and Laity in Chimbote, Peru, between 21 and 25 July 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this proposal, he cited on multiple occasions <a href="/wiki/Vatican_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican II">Vatican II</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Gaudium_et_spes" title="Gaudium et spes">Gaudium et spes</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul VI">Paul VI</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Populorum_progressio" title="Populorum progressio">Populorum progressio</a></i>. To Gutiérrez, the source of the problems of Latin America was the sin manifested in an unjust social structure. His solution to this problem was to emphasize the dignity of the poor by prioritizing the glory of God present in them.<sup id="cite_ref-Botella_Cubells_2011_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Botella_Cubells_2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This perspective would be refined over the next three years, until Gutiérrez published <i><a href="/wiki/A_Theology_of_Liberation" title="A Theology of Liberation">A Theology of Liberation</a></i> in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Largely as a result of his work, <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_liberation_theology" title="Latin American liberation theology">Latin American liberation theology</a> thus emerged as a biblical analysis of poverty. Gutiérrez distinguished two forms of poverty: a "scandalous state" and a "spiritual childhood". He noted that, while the former is abhorred by God, the second is valued. Gutiérrez identified that each form of poverty was present in Latin America, wherein one hungers for bread and for God. It is only through the manifestation of a committed faith that the purposes of God can be manifested to man, regardless of the color or social class under which he was born. Liberation theology insists on prioritizing the gift of life as the supreme manifestation of God.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gutiérrez asserted that his understanding of poverty as a "scandalous state" is reflected in Luke's beatitude "Blessed are you poor, for the kingdom of God is yours", whereas his interpretation of it as "spiritual childhood" has precedent in Matthew's verse, "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of Heaven". He argued that there are forms of poverty beyond economic.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gutiérrez saw Christian salvation as something that can be brought about by human action. He argued that Christian liberation has three levels - political ("liberation of the people from the political and economic structures which oppress them"), psychological ("liberation of the human being from those things that do not let him or her take on his or her own destiny"), and lastly theological ("liberation of the person from sin by communion with God"). He saw these three levels as interdependent, and thus dependent on each other. The final salvation of humanity would be carried out through a "historical structure" of liberation, defined by Gutiérrez as emergence of a socialist system.<sup id="cite_ref-utopia_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utopia-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote "that a socialist system is more in accord with the Christian principles of true brotherhood, justice and peace… only socialism can enable Latin America to achieve true development…”<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his support for socialism, Gutiérrez reformed <a href="/wiki/Socialist_reformism" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist reformism">reformism</a> and called for a social revolution instead. He called Catholics to reject "naive reformism" and insisted that the Catholic Church must "break its ties with the present order', become "one with the poor" and dedicate itself to the "revolutionary cause". In this, he wrote that "only by overcoming a society divided into classes .. . by eliminating the private appropriation of wealth created by human toil, can we build the foundation of a more just society". In 1985, when asked if liberation theologians could support welfare-oriented capitalism as a basis for a preferential option for the poor, he replied: "I don't know any who do."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He praised Marxism as "simply the best theory available for ensuring that theology is adequately contextual".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stressing his support for a socialist revolution, Gutiérrez stressed: "Hence we speak of social revolution, not reform; of liberation, not development; of socialism, not the modernization of the prevailing system. ‘Realists’ call these statements romantic and utopian. And they should, for the rationality of these statements is of a kind quite unfamiliar to them."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Explaining his solution to the poverty in Latin America, he wrote: "Only the complete destruction of the present state of things, the profound transformation of the ownership system, the coming to power of the exploited class, a social revolution will put an end to this dependency. They alone will allow a transition to a socialist society, or at least will make it possible."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gutiérrez was a friend of <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Torres_Restrepo" title="Camilo Torres Restrepo">Camilo Torres Restrepo</a>, a liberation theologian who heeded his calls for participating in a socialist revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marxist influences were prevalent in Gutiérrez's political views. Cameron Swathwood argues that "the overriding theme in Gutiérrez’s conception of liberation theology is its pro-Marxist and anti-capitalist sentiments", and noted that Gutiérrez used Marxist terminology and always referred to the "bourgeois, capitalists, and multinational corporations" in a negative tone. Gutiérrez also cited <a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a>, and argued that "the current economic system is purposefully designed to funnel all its resources to the top, away from the oppressed masses beneath". Historian <a href="/wiki/Edward_Norman_(historian)" title="Edward Norman (historian)">Edward Norman</a> called Gutiérrez "the most distinguished of the Marxist theologians in South America."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main Marxist revolutionaries and intellectual that Gutiérrez cited and incorporated ideas from were <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Carlos_Mari%C3%A1tegui" title="José Carlos Mariátegui">José Carlos Mariátegui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>, Che Guevara, <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> and <a href="/wiki/An%C3%ADbal_Quijano" title="Aníbal Quijano">Aníbal Quijano</a>. On Gutiérrez's Marxist thought, Javier Valiente Núñez wrote: "The novelty of Gutiérrez’s use of Marxism, with the only precedent of Camilo Torres, is precisely the confrontation of his Latin American decolonial Marxism, which is quite complex, heterogeneous and indefinite, with the Christian teaching."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Gutiérrez's political thought also rejected and modified some aspects of Marxism. <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Dussel" title="Enrique Dussel">Enrique Dussel</a> noted the absence of <a href="/wiki/Dialectical_materialism" title="Dialectical materialism">dialectical materialism</a> in liberation theology: "Liberation theologians, like Gustavo Gutierrez, Juan Luis Segundo, and Leonardo Boff, do not assume the dialectical materialism of Engels, Lenin or Stalin, but a more “humanist” Marx by Gramsci, Marcuse or Bloch. This Marxist “humanist” perspective that is focused on a social criticism of the reality is the one used by these theologians in order to elaborate a scientific approach to the causes of poverty and exclusion in Latin America."<sup id="cite_ref-utopia_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utopia-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gutiérrez personally highlighted that a single area where liberation theology differed from Marxism was <a href="/wiki/Dependency_theory" title="Dependency theory">dependency theory</a>, which liberation theology embraced. He acknowledged that while dependency theory itself had many Marxist elements, it "cannot simply be reduced to the Marxist version."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Las_Casas_Institute_and_move_to_United_States">Las Casas Institute and move to United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Las Casas Institute and move to United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974, Gutiérrez founded the Lima branch of the <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_Las_Casas#cultural_legacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartolomé de Las Casas">Bartolomé de Las Casas Institute</a>. The Institute, in its mission statement, sought to use theology as a means of addressing contemporary social issues and educating through research, engagement with lawmakers, and collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots organizations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After facing criticism for his work (including from Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Juan_Luis_Cipriani_Thorne" title="Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne">Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne</a>, the Archbishop of Lima), Gutiérrez left Peru and joined the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican Order</a> near the turn of the millennium,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> taking a teaching post at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">University of Notre Dame</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, he held the <a href="/wiki/John_Cardinal_O%27Hara" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cardinal O'Hara">John Cardinal O'Hara</a> Professorship of Theology. He later taught at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard">Harvard</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université de Montréal">University of Montréal</a> and other schools.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings_on_the_option_for_the_poor">Writings on the option for the poor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Writings on the option for the poor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez_1988_(Peruvian_theologian).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez_1988_%28Peruvian_theologian%29.jpg/170px-Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez_1988_%28Peruvian_theologian%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez_1988_%28Peruvian_theologian%29.jpg/255px-Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez_1988_%28Peruvian_theologian%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez_1988_%28Peruvian_theologian%29.jpg/340px-Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez_1988_%28Peruvian_theologian%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1047" data-file-height="1340" /></a><figcaption>Gutiérrez in 1988</figcaption></figure> <p>Gutiérrez called for understanding the reality of the poor, and contended that being poor is not simply lacking the economic resources for development.<sup id="cite_ref-ajc_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ajc-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the contrary, Gutiérrez understood poverty as "a way of living, of thinking, of loving, of praying, of believing and waiting, of spending free time, of fighting for life." He simultaneously emphasized that poverty is the result of flawed social institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-ajc_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ajc-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While many theologians oversimplify poverty's social roots, for Gutiérrez the origin of poverty was considerably more complex. In Latin America, it originates from the times of the conquest and to that is added several political, geographical, and personal factors.<sup id="cite_ref-ajc_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ajc-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The proclamation of the gospel in the midst of the unjust situation in Latin America leads to a <a href="/wiki/Praxis_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Praxis model">praxis</a> based on principles derived from the word of God. In the article "Theology and Poverty", Gutiérrez recalled that this option should lead to three well-defined actions, with the <a href="/wiki/Option_for_the_poor" title="Option for the poor">preferential option for the poor</a> unfolding as a fundamental axis of the Christian life on three levels:<sup id="cite_ref-ajc_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ajc-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>The announcement and testimony of the reign of God denounces poverty.</li> <li>The intelligence of faith reveals essential aspects of God and provides a perspective for theological work.</li> <li>Walking in the footsteps of Jesus, otherwise known as spirituality, is, on the deepest level, the basis on which everything else rests.</li></ol> <p>The main biblical foundation for this praxis lies in the <a href="/wiki/Kenosis" title="Kenosis">kenotic</a> incarnation of Christ. To Gutiérrez, the ministry of Christ among the rejected and despised of his time is a clear example for the contemporary Church. Furthermore, "the incarnation is an act of love. <a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Christ becomes man</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">dies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">rises</a> to <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">liberate us</a>, and makes us enjoy freedom. To die and be resurrected with Christ is to overcome death and enter into a new life. The cross and the resurrection seal our freedom." The freedom of Christ is seen by Gutiérrez as the source of spiritual and economic freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Theological reflection on liberation extends beyond a simple discourse lacking in practical and concrete implications. Reflection on the situation of the poor leads to what liberation theologians call "liberating praxis", where they attempt to rectify the process by which the faith of the Church builds the economic, spiritual and intellectual liberation of socially oppressed peoples as fulfillment of the kingdom of God. The liberating praxis, then, has its basis in the love that God manifests for us and in the sense of solidarity and fellowship that should exist in interpersonal relationships among the children of God. Gutiérrez developed several concepts in concert with education activist and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Freire" title="Paulo Freire">Paulo Freire</a>, whose 1968 seminal work <i><a href="/wiki/Pedagogy_of_the_Oppressed" title="Pedagogy of the Oppressed">Pedagogy of the Oppressed</a></i> explored the concept of praxis and a preferential option for the poor.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_funeral">Death and funeral</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death and funeral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gutiérrez died from <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> in a convent in Lima on 22 October 2024, at the age of 96.<sup id="cite_ref-apnews-2024_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apnews-2024-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 October 2024, a wake service, <a href="/wiki/Vespers" title="Vespers">vespers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> celebrating the memory of Gutiérrez were all held at the Dominican residence in Lima where he resided.<sup id="cite_ref-wakefuneralandburial_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wakefuneralandburial-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 October, Gutiérrez was granted a public funeral at <a href="/wiki/Basilica_and_Convent_of_Santo_Domingo,_Lima" title="Basilica and Convent of Santo Domingo, Lima">Basilica of the Most Holy Rosary</a>, presided over by Archbishop of Lima <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Castillo_Mattasoglio" title="Carlos Castillo Mattasoglio">Carlos Castillo Mattasoglio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wakefuneralandburial_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wakefuneralandburial-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-funeralservice_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-funeralservice-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-farewellserviceandmore_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farewellserviceandmore-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moments before the funeral began, a video broadcast of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> aired in which he paid to tribute to Gutiérrez, describing him as "A man of the Church who knew how to be silent when he had to be silent, who knew how to suffer when it was his turn to suffer, who knew how to carry forward so much apostolic fruit and so much rich theology."<sup id="cite_ref-funeralservice_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-funeralservice-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pope's video broadcast, which took place from Rome, had been prepared by the Archbishopric of Lima.<sup id="cite_ref-funeralservice_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-funeralservice-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-farewellserviceandmore_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farewellserviceandmore-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was estimated that more than 1,000 people, in person as well as virtually, attended Gutiérrez's funeral.<sup id="cite_ref-farewellserviceandmore_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farewellserviceandmore-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among those who spoke at his funeral were UNEC national advisor and <a href="/wiki/Chiclayo" title="Chiclayo">Chiclayo</a> leader Yolanda Díaz, cartoonist Juan Acevado and Provincial Superior of the Dominicans of Peru Fr. Romulo Vasquez Gavidia, OP.<sup id="cite_ref-farewellserviceandmore_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farewellserviceandmore-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the funeral, Gutiérrez's remains were taken to Cristo Redentor Parish in Rímac, where he served as the priest.<sup id="cite_ref-farewellserviceandmore_50-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farewellserviceandmore-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Castillo delivered a homily, while Father Andrés Gallego, who replaced Gutiérrez as the parish priest, delivered a farewell prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-farewellserviceandmore_50-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farewellserviceandmore-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wakefuneralandburial_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wakefuneralandburial-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to his Basilica of the Most Holy Rosary ceremony, Gutiérrez's Cristo Redentor Parish and burial ceremonies were open to the public as well.<sup id="cite_ref-wakefuneralandburial_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wakefuneralandburial-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gutiérrez's body is buried in <a href="/wiki/El_%C3%81ngel_Cemetery" title="El Ángel Cemetery">El Ángel Cemetery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wakefuneralandburial_48-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wakefuneralandburial-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Special:EditPage/Gustavo Gutiérrez">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Gutiérrez was an influential figure within 20th century theology, and responses to his work have been polarized.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Arthur F. McGovern identifies liberation theology as an anomaly within theologian fields, arguing such discourse is generally limited to academic circles and that such theories can have considerable and tangible impact on Latin America's socioeconomic conditions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Liberation theology was intended as a call to all believers in Latin America to act on the biblical commitment to the poor.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Gutiérrez's message on material and economic conditions serves to place inequality in both religious and political discourse.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Gutiérrez's thought has influenced theology, both in Latin America and abroad.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This influence can be observed from the evangelical proposal of the <a href="/wiki/Integral_mission" title="Integral mission">integral mission</a> developed years after the origin of liberation,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the development of social ministries within the evangelical churches in the last decades.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among Gutiérrez's most prominent followers are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Echeray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Echeray (page does not exist)">Hugo Echeray</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Echeray" class="extiw" title="es:Hugo Echeray">es</a>]</span> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Felipe_Zegarra_Russo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Felipe Zegarra Russo (page does not exist)">Luis Felipe Zegarra Russo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Felipe_Zegarra_Russo" class="extiw" title="es:Luis Felipe Zegarra Russo">es</a>]</span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His friends included the German theologian <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ludwig_M%C3%BCller" title="Gerhard Ludwig Müller">Gerhard Ludwig Müller</a>, the former Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Müller, after studying his thought, stated: "The theology of Gustavo Gutiérrez, how it is considered, is orthodox because it is orthopractic and teaches us the correct Christian way of acting, since it derives from authentic faith."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his 90th birthday, in 2018, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> thanked him for his contributions "to the church and humanity through your theological service and your preferential love for the poor and discarded of society."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Gutiérrez's propositions were never censored by the Church, he was asked to modify some of them.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gutiérrez also took pains to prevent his theology from being drawn into the wider network of controversial stances adopted by some of his colleagues. For example, once in the 1970s in <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Argentina" title="Córdoba, Argentina">Córdoba, Argentina</a>, he refused to begin his lecture until Father <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Podest%C3%A1" title="Jerónimo Podestá">Jerónimo Podestá</a>, a fellow liberation theologian who argued for the <a href="/wiki/Clerical_marriage" title="Clerical marriage">right of priests to marry</a>, left the room.<sup id="cite_ref-Luro_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luro-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Gutierrez's death in 2024, Pope Francis called him "a great man of the Church".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticisms">Criticisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Criticisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1984, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, under <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>, criticized aspects of liberation theology, taking particular issue with its use of Marxist economic theory. Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Joseph Ratzinger</a> asked Peruvian bishops to examine Gutiérrez's writings, voicing concerns that Gutiérrez's arguments embodied a concerning "idealization of faith".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, Gutiérrez and liberation theology were the subjects of a 36-page Vatican report, which declared Marxism to be incompatible with Catholic teachings.<sup id="cite_ref-Klaiber_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klaiber-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Arthur F. McGovern, assessing the movement and its critics is complicated by the fact that it became the subject of popular controversy outside of theological and academic circles, including stories and advertisements in the popular press that evoked passionate responses by identifying liberation theology with Communism and fear of radicalism in Latin American politics.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accolades">Accolades</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Accolades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gutiérrez was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Academy_of_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian Academy of Language">Peruvian Academy of Language</a>. In 1993, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Legion of Honor">Legion of Honor</a> by the French government for his tireless work. In 2000, Brown University awarded Gutiérrez an honorary Doctor of Divinity.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, Gutiérrez was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-wakefuneralandburial_48-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wakefuneralandburial-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in 2003, he received the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Asturias_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Asturias Awards">Príncipe de Asturias award</a>. In 2014, he was awarded the Joseph B. and Toby Gittler Prize from Brandeis University.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, he received the <a href="/wiki/Pacem_in_Terris_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacem in Terris Award">Pacem in Terris Award</a> from <a href="/wiki/St._Ambrose_University" title="St. Ambrose University">St. Ambrose University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Selected works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>On the Side of the Poor: The Theology of Liberation</i>. Co-authored with Cardinal Gerhard Ludwig Müller. Orbis Books, 2015: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1626981157" title="Special:BookSources/978-1626981157">978-1626981157</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>In the Company of the Poor: conversations between Dr. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Farmer" title="Paul Farmer">Paul Farmer</a> and Fr. Gustavo Gutiérrez</i>. Ed. Michael Griffin and Jennie Weiss Block. Orbis Books, 2013: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1626980501" title="Special:BookSources/978-1626980501">978-1626980501</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Las Casas: In Search of the Poor of Jesus Christ</i>, trans. Robert R. Barr (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1993). Originally published as <i>En busca de los pobres de Jesucristo: El pensamiento de Bartolomé de las Casas</i> (Lima: CEP, 1992).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The God of Life</i>, trans. Matthew J. O'Connell (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1991). Originally published as <i>El Dios de la vida</i> (Lima: CEP, 1989).<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>On Job: God-Talk and the Suffering of the Innocent</i>, trans. Matthew J. O'Connell (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1987). Originally published as <i>Hablar de Dios desde el sufrimiento del inocente</i> (Lima: CEP, 1986).<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Truth Shall Make You Free: Confrontations</i>, trans. Matthew J. O'Connell (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1990). Originally published as <i>La verdad los hará libres: Confrontaciones</i> (Lima: CEP, 1986).<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>We Drink from Our Own Wells: The Spiritual Journey of a People</i>, 20th anniversary ed., trans. Matthew J. O'Connell (Maryknoll: Orbis, 2003; 1st ed., Maryknoll: Orbis, 1984). Originally published as <i>Beber en su propio pozo: En el itinerario espiritual de un pueblo</i> (Lima: CEP, 1983).<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Theology_of_Liberation:_History,_Politics,_and_Salvation" class="mw-redirect" title="A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, and Salvation">A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, and Salvation</a></i>, 15th anniversary ed., trans. Caridad Inda and John Eagleson (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1988; 1st ed., Maryknoll: Orbis, 1973). Originally published as <i>Teología de la liberación: Perspectivas</i> (Lima: CEP, 1971).<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/48px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/64px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/32px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/48px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/64px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peru" title="Portal:Peru">Peru portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_theology" title="Black theology">Black theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_communism" title="Christian communism">Christian communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Christian left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Christianity" title="Progressive Christianity">Progressive Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="Social gospel">Social gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some sources say 1999, others say 2001.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Løland_2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Løland_2021_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLøland2021" class="citation journal cs1">Løland, Ole Jakob (July 2021). Usarski, Frank (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41603-021-00137-3.pdf">"The Solved Conflict: Pope Francis and Liberation Theology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Journal of Latin American Religions</i>. <b>5</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a>: 287–314. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs41603-021-00137-3">10.1007/s41603-021-00137-3</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2509-9965">2509-9965</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2509-9957">2509-9957</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Latin+American+Religions&rft.atitle=The+Solved+Conflict%3A+Pope+Francis+and+Liberation+Theology&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=287-314&rft.date=2021-07&rft.issn=2509-9957&rft.eissn=2509-9965&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs41603-021-00137-3&rft.aulast=L%C3%B8land&rft.aufirst=Ole+Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fcontent%2Fpdf%2F10.1007%2Fs41603-021-00137-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornell1988" class="citation news cs1">Cornell, George W. (6 August 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=l6tAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vOYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6799,1242614&dq=gustavo+gutierrez&hl=en">"Founder of liberation theology deals with acclaim and criticism"</a>. <i>Lawrence Journal-World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lawrence+Journal-World&rft.atitle=Founder+of+liberation+theology+deals+with+acclaim+and+criticism&rft.date=1988-08-06&rft.aulast=Cornell&rft.aufirst=George+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3Dl6tAAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DvOYFAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6799%2C1242614%26dq%3Dgustavo%2Bgutierrez%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apnews-2024-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-apnews-2024_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apnews-2024_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/liberation-theology-gustavo-gutierrez-peru-catholic-obituary-f12193d0590feb97623dda91f21f42e7">"Peruvian theologian the Rev. Gustavo Gutiérrez, father of influential liberation theology, has died"</a>. Associated Press. 23 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Peruvian+theologian+the+Rev.+Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez%2C+father+of+influential+liberation+theology%2C+has+died&rft.date=2024-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fliberation-theology-gustavo-gutierrez-peru-catholic-obituary-f12193d0590feb97623dda91f21f42e7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/260021/gustavo-gutierrez-peruvian-dominican-priest-and-liberation-theology-pioneer-dies-at-96">"Gustavo Gutiérrez, 'father of liberation theology,' dies at 96"</a>. Catholic News Agency. 23 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez%2C+%27father+of+liberation+theology%2C%27+dies+at+96&rft.date=2024-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F260021%2Fgustavo-gutierrez-peruvian-dominican-priest-and-liberation-theology-pioneer-dies-at-96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2024" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Dennis (23 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.nd.edu/news/in-memoriam-rev-gustavo-gutierrez-o-p-renowned-notre-dame-theologian-founder-of-liberation-theology/">"In memoriam: Rev. Gustavo Gutiérrez, O.P., renowned Notre Dame theologian, father of 'liberation theology'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Notre Dame News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+memoriam%3A+Rev.+Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez%2C+O.P.%2C+renowned+Notre+Dame+theologian%2C+father+of+%27liberation+theology%27&rft.date=2024-10-23&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.nd.edu%2Fnews%2Fin-memoriam-rev-gustavo-gutierrez-o-p-renowned-notre-dame-theologian-founder-of-liberation-theology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bio_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theology.nd.edu/people/all/gutierrez-gustavo/index.shtml">"Gustavo Gutierrez, O.P."</a> <i>Department of Theology: People</i>. University of Notre Dame<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Theology%3A+People&rft.atitle=Gustavo+Gutierrez%2C+O.P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheology.nd.edu%2Fpeople%2Fall%2Fgutierrez-gustavo%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller" class="citation book cs1">Müller, Gerhard. "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"La teología de la liberación hoy"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". In Gutiérrez (ed.). <i>Iglesia pobre y para los pobres</i>. Lima.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%22La+teolog%C3%ADa+de+la+liberaci%C3%B3n+hoy%22&rft.btitle=Iglesia+pobre+y+para+los+pobres&rft.place=Lima&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutiérrez1995" class="citation book cs1">Gutiérrez, Gustavo (1995). <i>Hablar de Dios desde el sufrimiento del inocente. Una reflexión de el libro de Job</i>. Lima: Instituto Bartolome de Las Casas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8430120871" title="Special:BookSources/978-8430120871"><bdi>978-8430120871</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hablar+de+Dios+desde+el+sufrimiento+del+inocente.+Una+reflexi%C3%B3n+de+el+libro+de+Job&rft.place=Lima&rft.pub=Instituto+Bartolome+de+Las+Casas&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-8430120871&rft.aulast=Guti%C3%A9rrez&rft.aufirst=Gustavo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriskics-Warren2024" class="citation news cs1">Friskics-Warren, Bill (23 October 2024). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/23/world/americas/gustavo-gutierrez-dead.html">"Gustavo Gutiérrez, Father of Liberation Theology, Dies at 96"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. Vol. 174, no. 60318. p. A22. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez%2C+Father+of+Liberation+Theology%2C+Dies+at+96&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=60318&rft.pages=A22&rft.date=2024-10-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Friskics-Warren&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F10%2F23%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fgustavo-gutierrez-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphrey2011" class="citation journal cs1">Humphrey, Kimberly (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.denison.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1070&context=religion">"Gustavo Gutierrez's Liberation Theology"</a>. <i>Denison Journal of Religion</i>. <b>10</b><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Denison+Journal+of+Religion&rft.atitle=Gustavo+Gutierrez%27s+Liberation+Theology&rft.volume=10&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Humphrey&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.denison.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1070%26context%3Dreligion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartnett2003" class="citation news cs1">Hartnett, Daniel (3 February 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=2755">"Remembering the Poor: An Interview with Gustavo Gutiérrez"</a>. <i>America Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=America+Magazine&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+Poor%3A+An+Interview+with+Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez&rft.date=2003-02-03&rft.aulast=Hartnett&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americamagazine.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle.cfm%3Farticle_id%3D2755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hartnett-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hartnett_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hartnett_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hartnett_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartnett2003" class="citation web cs1">Hartnett, Daniel (3 February 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2003/02/03/remembering-poor-interview-gustavo-gutierrez">"Remembering the Poor: An Interview With Gustavo Gutiérrez"</a>. <i>americanmagazine.org</i>. America Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=americanmagazine.org&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+Poor%3A+An+Interview+With+Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez&rft.date=2003-02-03&rft.aulast=Hartnett&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americamagazine.org%2Ffaith%2F2003%2F02%2F03%2Fremembering-poor-interview-gustavo-gutierrez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio_(spanish)2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bio_(spanish)2_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ensayistas.org/critica/liberacion/casadont/gutierrez2.htm">"Gustavo Gutierrez biography (spanish)"</a>. <i>Gustavo Gutiérrez (1928)</i>. Steven Casadont<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez+%281928%29&rft.atitle=Gustavo+Gutierrez+biography+%28spanish%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ensayistas.org%2Fcritica%2Fliberacion%2Fcasadont%2Fgutierrez2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Botella_Cubells_2011-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Botella_Cubells_2011_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Botella_Cubells_2011_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Botella Cubells, Vicente (8 de noviembre de 2011)). «Gustavo Gutiérrez, padre de la Teología de la Liberación». Facultad de Teología. Valencia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gutiérrez, Gustavo (2001) "Quehacer teológico y experiencia eclesial"; J.J.Tamayo y J.Bosch, eds., <i>Panorama de la Teología Latinoamericana</i>, Estella.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorringe1999" class="citation cs2">Gorringe, Timothy (12 August 1999), "Theology and Human Liberation", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180720211758/http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198752462.003.0007"><i>Karl Barth</i></a>, Oxford University Press, pp. 268–290, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780198752462.003.0007">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198752462.003.0007</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198752462" title="Special:BookSources/9780198752462"><bdi>9780198752462</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198752462.003.0007">the original</a> on 20 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Theology+and+Human+Liberation&rft.btitle=Karl+Barth&rft.pages=268-290&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999-08-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780198752462.003.0007&rft.isbn=9780198752462&rft.aulast=Gorringe&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxfordindex.oup.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780198752462.003.0007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSagastiAlcalde1999" class="citation book cs1">Sagasti, Francisco R.; Alcalde, Gonzalo (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VQDjVWSEvb0C&pg=PA14"><i>Development Cooperation in a Fractured Global Order: An Arduous Transition</i></a>. IDRC. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88936-889-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88936-889-7"><bdi>978-0-88936-889-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Development+Cooperation+in+a+Fractured+Global+Order%3A+An+Arduous+Transition&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=IDRC&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-88936-889-7&rft.aulast=Sagasti&rft.aufirst=Francisco+R.&rft.au=Alcalde%2C+Gonzalo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVQDjVWSEvb0C%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brittanica-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brittanica_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brittanica_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gustavo-Gutiérrez">"Gustavo Gutiérrez"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. Encyclopedia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FGustavo-Guti%C3%A9rrez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klaiber-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klaiber_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klaiber_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klaiber_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlabier1989" class="citation journal cs1">Klabier, Jeffery (July 1989). "Prophets and Populists: Liberation Theology, 1968–1988". <i>The Americas</i>. <b>46</b> (1): 1–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1007391">10.2307/1007391</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1007391">1007391</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147016879">147016879</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Americas&rft.atitle=Prophets+and+Populists%3A+Liberation+Theology%2C+1968%E2%80%931988&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-5&rft.date=1989-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147016879%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1007391%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1007391&rft.aulast=Klabier&rft.aufirst=Jeffery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutiérrez1996" class="citation book cs1">Gutiérrez, Gustavo (1996). Nickoloff, James B. (ed.). <i>Essential Writings</i>. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0800634098" title="Special:BookSources/0800634098"><bdi>0800634098</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential+Writings&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0800634098&rft.aulast=Guti%C3%A9rrez&rft.aufirst=Gustavo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutierrez1991" class="citation web cs1">Gutierrez, Gustavo (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercaba.org/ARTICULOS/G/gustavo_gutierrez.htm#JUAN%20DE%20LA%20CRUZ%20DESDE%20AM%C3%89RICA%20LATINA">"Juan de la Cruz desde America Latina"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Juan+de+la+Cruz+desde+America+Latina&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Gutierrez&rft.aufirst=Gustavo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercaba.org%2FARTICULOS%2FG%2Fgustavo_gutierrez.htm%23JUAN%2520DE%2520LA%2520CRUZ%2520DESDE%2520AM%25C3%2589RICA%2520LATINA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahnenberg2010" class="citation book cs1">Hahnenberg, Edward P. (1 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=15H6rHBJVt0C&pg=PT257"><i>Awakening Vocation: A Theology of Christian Call</i></a>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814657331" title="Special:BookSources/9780814657331"><bdi>9780814657331</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Awakening+Vocation%3A+A+Theology+of+Christian+Call&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2010-07-01&rft.isbn=9780814657331&rft.aulast=Hahnenberg&rft.aufirst=Edward+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D15H6rHBJVt0C%26pg%3DPT257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ndsmcobserver.com/2014/09/gutierrez-highlights-popes-preferential-option-for-the-poor/">"Gutiérrez highlights Pope's 'preferential option for the poor'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Observer</i>. 26 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Guti%C3%A9rrez+highlights+Pope%27s+%27preferential+option+for+the+poor%27&rft.date=2014-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fndsmcobserver.com%2F2014%2F09%2Fgutierrez-highlights-popes-preferential-option-for-the-poor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gutiérrez, Gustavo (1968) "Hacia una teología de la liberación. Consultado el 23 de julio de 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2024/10/23/obituary-gustavo-gutierrez-lee-249092">"R.I.P. Gustavo Gutiérrez, the prophet who revolutionized Catholic theology for the poor"</a>. America Magazine. 23 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R.I.P.+Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez%2C+the+prophet+who+revolutionized+Catholic+theology+for+the+poor&rft.pub=America+Magazine&rft.date=2024-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americamagazine.org%2Ffaith%2F2024%2F10%2F23%2Fobituary-gustavo-gutierrez-lee-249092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/road-peace/gustavo-gutierrez-and-preferential-option-poor">"Gustavo Gutierrez and the preferential option for the poor"</a>. <i>National Catholic Reporter</i>. 8 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Reporter&rft.atitle=Gustavo+Gutierrez+and+the+preferential+option+for+the+poor&rft.date=2011-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncronline.org%2Fblogs%2Froad-peace%2Fgustavo-gutierrez-and-preferential-option-poor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGagliarducci" class="citation web cs1">Gagliarducci, Andrea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/31959/fr-gustavo-gutierrez-the-poor-are-the-starting-point-of-liberation-theology">"Fr Gustavo Gutierrez: the poor are the starting point of liberation theology"</a>. <i>catholicnewagency.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catholicnewagency.com&rft.atitle=Fr+Gustavo+Gutierrez%3A+the+poor+are+the+starting+point+of+liberation+theology&rft.aulast=Gagliarducci&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F31959%2Ffr-gustavo-gutierrez-the-poor-are-the-starting-point-of-liberation-theology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-utopia-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-utopia_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-utopia_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRestrepo2018" class="citation journal cs1">Restrepo, José Fernando Castrillón (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redalyc.org/journal/1910/191056023010/html/">"Liberation Theology and Its Utopian Crisis"</a>. <i>Theologica Xaveriana</i>. <b>68</b> (186). Colombia: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theologica+Xaveriana&rft.atitle=Liberation+Theology+and+Its+Utopian+Crisis&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=186&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Restrepo&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Fernando+Castrill%C3%B3n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redalyc.org%2Fjournal%2F1910%2F191056023010%2Fhtml%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKpohazounde2007" class="citation book cs1">Kpohazounde, Grace (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ceimsa.org/publications/Students/Grace.pdf"><i>Liberation Theology: A Product of the Cold War</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Université Stendhal-Grenoble. p. 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberation+Theology%3A+A+Product+of+the+Cold+War&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A9+Stendhal-Grenoble&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Kpohazounde&rft.aufirst=Grace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fceimsa.org%2Fpublications%2FStudents%2FGrace.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowland1999" class="citation book cs1">Rowland, Christopher (1999). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Liberation Theology</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-46144-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-46144-8"><bdi>0-521-46144-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Liberation+Theology&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-521-46144-8&rft.aulast=Rowland&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowland1999" class="citation book cs1">Rowland, Christopher (1999). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Liberation Theology</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-46144-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-46144-8"><bdi>0-521-46144-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Liberation+Theology&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-521-46144-8&rft.aulast=Rowland&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriskics-Warren2024" class="citation web cs1">Friskics-Warren, Bill (23 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/23/world/americas/gustavo-gutierrez-dead.html">"Gustavo Gutiérrez, Father of Liberation Theology, Dies at 96"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez%2C+Father+of+Liberation+Theology%2C+Dies+at+96&rft.date=2024-10-23&rft.aulast=Friskics-Warren&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F10%2F23%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fgustavo-gutierrez-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLöwy1988" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_L%C3%B6wy" title="Michael Löwy">Löwy, Michael</a> (1988). "Marxism and Liberation Theology". <i>Notebooks for Study and Research</i> (10). Amsterdam: I. I. R. E. Library: 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notebooks+for+Study+and+Research&rft.atitle=Marxism+and+Liberation+Theology&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=L%C3%B6wy&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCellini2015" class="citation book cs1">Cellini, Jacopo (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ricerca.sns.it/retrieve/e3aacdfe-7e93-4c98-e053-3705fe0acb7e/Tesi%20PDF%20Cellini.pdf"><i>Universalism and Liberation: Italian Catholic Culture and the Idea of International Community (1963-1978)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Leuven, Belgium: KU Leuven. p. 105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Universalism+and+Liberation%3A+Italian+Catholic+Culture+and+the+Idea+of+International+Community+%281963-1978%29&rft.place=Leuven%2C+Belgium&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=KU+Leuven&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Cellini&rft.aufirst=Jacopo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fricerca.sns.it%2Fretrieve%2Fe3aacdfe-7e93-4c98-e053-3705fe0acb7e%2FTesi%2520PDF%2520Cellini.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwathwood2016" class="citation journal cs1">Swathwood, Cameron (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1602&context=honors">"Jesus With a Kalashnikov: Examining Marxist Elements in Liberation Theology and Soviet Influence on its Origins"</a>. <i>Senior Honors Theses</i> (564). Helms School of Government: 10–11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Senior+Honors+Theses&rft.atitle=Jesus+With+a+Kalashnikov%3A+Examining+Marxist+Elements+in+Liberation+Theology+and+Soviet+Influence+on+its+Origins&rft.issue=564&rft.pages=10-11&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Swathwood&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.liberty.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1602%26context%3Dhonors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNúñez2016" class="citation book cs1">Núñez, Javier Valiente (March 2016). <i>Liberation Theology and Latin America's Testimonio and New Historical Novel: A Decolonial Perspective</i>. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University. pp. 4, 56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberation+Theology+and+Latin+America%27s+Testimonio+and+New+Historical+Novel%3A+A+Decolonial+Perspective&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=4%2C+56&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University&rft.date=2016-03&rft.aulast=N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez&rft.aufirst=Javier+Valiente&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBombongan,_Jr.2004" class="citation journal cs1">Bombongan, Jr., Dominador (2004). "Liberation Theology and Dependency Theory: Tracing a Relationship". <i>Hapag</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 87.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hapag&rft.atitle=Liberation+Theology+and+Dependency+Theory%3A+Tracing+a+Relationship&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=87&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Bombongan%2C+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Dominador&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181013044447/https://www.bfriars.ox.ac.uk/study/research/las-casas-institute-for-social-justice/">"Las Casas Institute"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfriars.ox.ac.uk/study/research/las-casas-institute-for-social-justice/">the original</a> on 13 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Las+Casas+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfriars.ox.ac.uk%2Fstudy%2Fresearch%2Flas-casas-institute-for-social-justice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://angelusnews.com/news/world/gustavo-gutierrez-obit/">"Gustavo Gutiérrez, father of liberation theology, dead at 96"</a>. 23 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez%2C+father+of+liberation+theology%2C+dead+at+96&rft.date=2024-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fangelusnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fgustavo-gutierrez-obit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2010" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Philip (30 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5GCJDwAAQBAJ&dq=when+did+gustavo+gutierrez+join+the+dominicans+2001&pg=PA237"><i>Twentieth-Century Theologians: A New Introduction to Modern Christian Thought</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-760-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-760-3"><bdi>978-0-85771-760-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twentieth-Century+Theologians%3A+A+New+Introduction+to+Modern+Christian+Thought&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2010-01-30&rft.isbn=978-0-85771-760-3&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5GCJDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dwhen%2Bdid%2Bgustavo%2Bgutierrez%2Bjoin%2Bthe%2Bdominicans%2B2001%26pg%3DPA237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190708202521/http://www.unmsm.edu.pe/ilustres/biografia/36">"Bigorafía de Gustavo Guitiérrez"</a>. <i>unmsm.edu</i>. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unmsm.edu.pe/ilustres/biografia/36">the original</a> on 8 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unmsm.edu&rft.atitle=Bigoraf%C3%ADa+de+Gustavo+Guiti%C3%A9rrez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unmsm.edu.pe%2Filustres%2Fbiografia%2F36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ajc-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ajc_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ajc_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ajc_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ajc_43-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/arena-attachments/1648419/893d957d3d4a0d4e94c6a66f3cf1da98.pdf?1516898451">"A THEOLOGY OF LIBERATION"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Orbis Books<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+THEOLOGY+OF+LIBERATION&rft.pub=Orbis+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Farena-attachments%2F1648419%2F893d957d3d4a0d4e94c6a66f3cf1da98.pdf%3F1516898451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://as.vanderbilt.edu/clas-resources/media/A-Hermeneutic-of-Hope.pdf">"A Hermeneutic of Hope"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vanderbilt.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Hermeneutic+of+Hope&rft.pub=Vanderbilt.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fas.vanderbilt.edu%2Fclas-resources%2Fmedia%2FA-Hermeneutic-of-Hope.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutiérrez" class="citation book cs1">Gutiérrez, Gustavo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J_mBYzhd0GsC&pg=PA300"><i>Essential Writings</i></a>. Fortress Press. p. 300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781451410242" title="Special:BookSources/9781451410242"><bdi>9781451410242</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential+Writings&rft.pages=300&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.isbn=9781451410242&rft.aulast=Guti%C3%A9rrez&rft.aufirst=Gustavo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ_mBYzhd0GsC%26pg%3DPA300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Christian (1989). <i>The Emergence of Liberation Theology</i>. University of Chicago Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreireMacedo2000" class="citation book cs1">Freire, Paulo; Macedo, Donaldo (1 September 2000). <i>Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 30th Anniversary Edition</i>. Translated by Ramos, Myra Bergman (30th Anniversary ed.). Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826412768" title="Special:BookSources/9780826412768"><bdi>9780826412768</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pedagogy+of+the+Oppressed%2C+30th+Anniversary+Edition&rft.edition=30th+Anniversary&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.isbn=9780826412768&rft.aulast=Freire&rft.aufirst=Paulo&rft.au=Macedo%2C+Donaldo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wakefuneralandburial-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wakefuneralandburial_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wakefuneralandburial_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wakefuneralandburial_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wakefuneralandburial_48-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wakefuneralandburial_48-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wakefuneralandburial_48-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTinner-Williams2024" class="citation news cs1">Tinner-Williams, Nate (24 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackcatholicmessenger.org/fr-gustavo-gutierrez-obit/">"Fr Gustavo Gutiérrez, father of liberation theology, dead at 96"</a>. Black Catholic Messenger<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fr+Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez%2C+father+of+liberation+theology%2C+dead+at+96&rft.date=2024-10-24&rft.aulast=Tinner-Williams&rft.aufirst=Nate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackcatholicmessenger.org%2Ffr-gustavo-gutierrez-obit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-funeralservice-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-funeralservice_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-funeralservice_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-funeralservice_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBastante2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bastante, Jesús (24 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.religiondigital.org/el_papa_de_la_primavera/Francisco-Gustavo-Gutierrez-Iglesia-sufrir_0_2718628140.html">"Francisco recuerda a Gustavo Gutiérrez: "Un grande, un hombre de Iglesia, que supo sufrir cuando le tocó sufrir"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in Spanish). Religion Digital<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Francisco+recuerda+a+Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez%3A+%22Un+grande%2C+un+hombre+de+Iglesia%2C+que+supo+sufrir+cuando+le+toc%C3%B3+sufrir%22&rft.date=2024-10-24&rft.aulast=Bastante&rft.aufirst=Jes%C3%BAs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.religiondigital.org%2Fel_papa_de_la_primavera%2FFrancisco-Gustavo-Gutierrez-Iglesia-sufrir_0_2718628140.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-farewellserviceandmore-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-farewellserviceandmore_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-farewellserviceandmore_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-farewellserviceandmore_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-farewellserviceandmore_50-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-farewellserviceandmore_50-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-farewellserviceandmore_50-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN.2024" class="citation news cs1">N., Anibal Pastor (24 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.religiondigital.org/corresponsal_en_chile-_anibal_n-_pastor/Gustavo-Gutierrez-Iglesia-Papa-Francisco-funeral-lima_7_2718698122.html">"Gustavo Gutiérrez: "Un grande, un hombre de Iglesia". Así lo despidió el Papa Francisco desde Roma"</a>. Religion Digital<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez%3A+%22Un+grande%2C+un+hombre+de+Iglesia%22.+As%C3%AD+lo+despidi%C3%B3+el+Papa+Francisco+desde+Roma&rft.date=2024-10-24&rft.aulast=N.&rft.aufirst=Anibal+Pastor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.religiondigital.org%2Fcorresponsal_en_chile-_anibal_n-_pastor%2FGustavo-Gutierrez-Iglesia-Papa-Francisco-funeral-lima_7_2718698122.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180720225535/https://www.micahnetwork.org/events/latin-america-consultation-integral-mission">"Latin America Consultation on Integral Mission | Micah Network"</a>. <i>www.micahnetwork.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.micahnetwork.org/events/latin-america-consultation-integral-mission">the original</a> on 20 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.micahnetwork.org&rft.atitle=Latin+America+Consultation+on+Integral+Mission+%7C+Micah+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.micahnetwork.org%2Fevents%2Flatin-america-consultation-integral-mission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/latin-america">"Latin America – World Council of Churches"</a>. <i>www.oikoumene.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oikoumene.org&rft.atitle=Latin+America+%E2%80%93+World+Council+of+Churches&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oikoumene.org%2Fen%2Fmember-churches%2Flatin-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vatican Insider: "Un teologo della liberazione al Santo Ufficio?" 15 October 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://international.la-croix.com/news/religion/francis-wishes-father-of-liberation-theology-on-90th-birthday/7781">"Francis wishes 'father of liberation theology' on 90th birthday"</a>. <i>La Croix International</i>. 8 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Croix+International&rft.atitle=Francis+wishes+%27father+of+liberation+theology%27+on+90th+birthday&rft.date=2018-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finternational.la-croix.com%2Fnews%2Freligion%2Ffrancis-wishes-father-of-liberation-theology-on-90th-birthday%2F7781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirchgaessnerWatts2015" class="citation web cs1">Kirchgaessner, Stephanie; Watts, Jonathan (11 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/11/vatican-new-chapter-liberation-theology-founder-gustavo-gutierrez">"Catholic church warms to liberation theology as founder heads to Vatican"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Catholic+church+warms+to+liberation+theology+as+founder+heads+to+Vatican&rft.date=2015-05-11&rft.aulast=Kirchgaessner&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.au=Watts%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fmay%2F11%2Fvatican-new-chapter-liberation-theology-founder-gustavo-gutierrez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luro-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Luro_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuro2013" class="citation web cs1">Luro, Clelia (12 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190406040030/https://www.atrio.org/2013/09/9330/">"Carta abierta a Gustavo Gutiérrez"</a>. <i>atrio.org</i>. Atrio. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atrio.org/2013/09/9330/">the original</a> on 6 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=atrio.org&rft.atitle=Carta+abierta+a+Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez&rft.date=2013-09-12&rft.aulast=Luro&rft.aufirst=Clelia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atrio.org%2F2013%2F09%2F9330%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2024-10/pope-francis-message-gustavo-gutierrez-liberation-theology.html">"Pope: Fr. Gustavo Gutiérrez was 'a great man of the Church' - Vatican News"</a>. <i>www.vaticannews.va</i>. 25 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vaticannews.va&rft.atitle=Pope%3A+Fr.+Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez+was+%E2%80%98a+great+man+of+the+Church%E2%80%99+-+Vatican+News&rft.date=2024-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticannews.va%2Fen%2Fpope%2Fnews%2F2024-10%2Fpope-francis-message-gustavo-gutierrez-liberation-theology.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://angelusnews.com/news/world/gustavo-gutierrez-obit/#:~:text=Ratzinger%20cited%20several%20alleged%20problems,class%2Ddriven%20concept%20of%20theology.">"Gustavo Gutiérrez, father of liberation theology, dead at 96"</a>. Angelus News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez%2C+father+of+liberation+theology%2C+dead+at+96&rft.pub=Angelus+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fangelusnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fgustavo-gutierrez-obit%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DRatzinger%2520cited%2520several%2520alleged%2520problems%2Cclass%252Ddriven%2520concept%2520of%2520theology.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGovern1989" class="citation book cs1">McGovern, Arthur F. (1989). <i>Liberation Theology and its Critics: Toward an Assessment</i>. Wipf & Stock. p. ix.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberation+Theology+and+its+Critics%3A+Toward+an+Assessment&rft.pages=ix&rft.pub=Wipf+%26+Stock&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=McGovern&rft.aufirst=Arthur+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://corporation.brown.edu/honorary-degrees">"Honorary Degrees"</a>. <i>Corporation | Brown University</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Corporation+%7C+Brown+University&rft.atitle=Honorary+Degrees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcorporation.brown.edu%2Fhonorary-degrees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brandeis.edu/gittlerprize/recipients/past/gutierrez.html">"Gustavo Gutiérrez"</a>. <i>www.brandeis.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.brandeis.edu&rft.atitle=Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brandeis.edu%2Fgittlerprize%2Frecipients%2Fpast%2Fgutierrez.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://davenportdiocese.org/past-recipients">"Pacem in Terris Past Recipients"</a>. <i>Catholic Diocese of Davenport</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Diocese+of+Davenport&rft.atitle=Pacem+in+Terris+Past+Recipients&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdavenportdiocese.org%2Fpast-recipients&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/25073878-on-the-side-of-the-poor">"On the Side of the Poor: The Theology of Liberation"</a>. Good Reads<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+the+Side+of+the+Poor%3A+The+Theology+of+Liberation&rft.pub=Good+Reads&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodreads.com%2Fbook%2Fshow%2F25073878-on-the-side-of-the-poor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/road-peace/gutierrez-and-farmers-company-poor">"Gutierrez and Farmer's 'In the Company of the Poor'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. NCR Online.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gutierrez+and+Farmer%27s+%27In+the+Company+of+the+Poor%27&rft.pub=NCR+Online.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncronline.org%2Fblogs%2Froad-peace%2Fgutierrez-and-farmers-company-poor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutiérrez1993" class="citation book cs1">Gutiérrez, Gustavo (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ldlpAAAAMAAJ"><i>Las Casas: In Search of the Poor of Jesus Christ</i></a>. Orbis Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88344-838-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88344-838-0"><bdi>978-0-88344-838-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Las+Casas%3A+In+Search+of+the+Poor+of+Jesus+Christ&rft.pub=Orbis+Books&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-88344-838-0&rft.aulast=Guti%C3%A9rrez&rft.aufirst=Gustavo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DldlpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/themelios/review/the-god-of-life/">"The God of Life"</a>. The Gospel Coalition<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+God+of+Life&rft.pub=The+Gospel+Coalition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegospelcoalition.org%2Fthemelios%2Freview%2Fthe-god-of-life%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/259078.On_Job">"On Job: God-Talk and the Suffering of the Innocent"</a>. Good Reads<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+Job%3A+God-Talk+and+the+Suffering+of+the+Innocent&rft.pub=Good+Reads&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodreads.com%2Fbook%2Fshow%2F259078.On_Job&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutiérrez1990" class="citation book cs1">Gutiérrez, Gustavo (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tufYAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Truth Shall Make You Free</i></a>. Orbis Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88344-679-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88344-679-9"><bdi>978-0-88344-679-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Truth+Shall+Make+You+Free&rft.pub=Orbis+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-88344-679-9&rft.aulast=Guti%C3%A9rrez&rft.aufirst=Gustavo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtufYAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/259080.We_Drink_from_Our_Own_Wells">"We Drink from Our Own Wells: The Spiritual Journey Of A People"</a>. Good Reads<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+Drink+from+Our+Own+Wells%3A+The+Spiritual+Journey+Of+A+People&rft.pub=Good+Reads&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodreads.com%2Fbook%2Fshow%2F259080.We_Drink_from_Our_Own_Wells&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaduro2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Maduro, Otto (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/christianity/roman-catholic-and-orthodox-churches-general-terms-and-concepts/liberation-theology">"Liberation Theology"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/William_A._Darity_Jr." title="William A. Darity Jr.">Darity, William A. Jr.</a> (ed.). <i>International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences</i>. Vol. 4 (2nd ed.). Detroit, Michigan: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 434–437. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-866117-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-866117-9"><bdi>978-0-02-866117-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2022</span> – via Encyclopedia.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Liberation+Theology&rft.btitle=International+Encyclopedia+of+the+Social+Sciences&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=434-437&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference+USA&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-02-866117-9&rft.aulast=Maduro&rft.aufirst=Otto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fphilosophy-and-religion%2Fchristianity%2Froman-catholic-and-orthodox-churches-general-terms-and-concepts%2Fliberation-theology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristian_Smith2002" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Smith_(sociologist)" title="Christian Smith (sociologist)">Christian Smith</a> (2002). "Las Casas as Theological Counteroffensive: An Interpretation of Gustavo Gutiérrez's Las Casas: In Search of the Poor of Jesus Christ". <i>Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion</i>. <b>41</b>: 69–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-5906.00100">10.1111/1468-5906.00100</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Scientific+Study+of+Religion&rft.atitle=Las+Casas+as+Theological+Counteroffensive%3A+An+Interpretation+of+Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez%27s+Las+Casas%3A+In+Search+of+the+Poor+of+Jesus+Christ&rft.volume=41&rft.pages=69-73&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-5906.00100&rft.au=Christian+Smith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Nava2001" class="citation book cs1">Alexander Nava (2001). <i>The Mystical and Prophetic Thought of <a href="/wiki/Simone_Weil" title="Simone Weil">Simone Weil</a> and Gustavo Gutiérrez: Reflections on the Mystery and Hiddenness of God</i>. SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-5177-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-5177-1"><bdi>0-7914-5177-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mystical+and+Prophetic+Thought+of+Simone+Weil+and+Gustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez%3A+Reflections+on+the+Mystery+and+Hiddenness+of+God&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7914-5177-1&rft.au=Alexander+Nava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_McAfee_Brown1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_McAfee_Brown" title="Robert McAfee Brown">Robert McAfee Brown</a> (1980). <i>Gustavo Gutierrez: Makers of Contemporary Theology</i>. Atlanta: John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8042-0651-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8042-0651-1"><bdi>0-8042-0651-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gustavo+Gutierrez%3A+Makers+of+Contemporary+Theology&rft.place=Atlanta&rft.pub=John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-8042-0651-1&rft.au=Robert+McAfee+Brown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustavo+Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gustavo_Gutierrez_Merino_(Peruvian_theologian)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gustavo Gutierrez Merino (Peruvian theologian)">Gustavo Gutierrez Merino (Peruvian theologian)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Gustavo Gutiérrez">Gustavo Gutiérrez</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theology.nd.edu/people/all/gutierrez-gustavo/index.shtml">Gustavo Gutiérrez on the University of Notre Dame website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alastairmcintosh.com/general/1995-Gustavo-Gutierrez-Audio.htm">Audio downloads of Gutiérrez's 1995 Drummond Lectures in Scotland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/library/docs_df84lt.htm">Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith-August 6, 1984. Instruction on certain aspect of "Liberation Theology"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/abccliow/liberation_theology/0?searchId=33df48f1-b0e1-11e6-85ea-0e811e6e1ce7&result=4">Liberation Theology in the World History Encyclopedia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pacem_in_Terris_Peace_and_Freedom_Award_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pacem_in_Terris_Award_laureates" title="Template:Pacem in Terris Award laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pacem_in_Terris_Award_laureates" title="Template talk:Pacem in Terris Award laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pacem_in_Terris_Award_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pacem in Terris Award laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pacem_in_Terris_Peace_and_Freedom_Award_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pacem_in_Terris_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacem in Terris Award"><i>Pacem in Terris</i> Peace and Freedom Award</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1964: <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Griffin" title="John Howard Griffin">John Howard Griffin</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">R. Sargent Shriver</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">A. Philip Randolph</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/James_Groppi" title="James Groppi">James Groppi</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Alinsky" title="Saul Alinsky">Saul Alinsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Hughes" title="Harold Hughes">Harold Hughes</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lder_C%C3%A2mara" title="Hélder Câmara">Hélder Câmara</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gumbleton" title="Thomas Gumbleton">Thomas Gumbleton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Lee_Sutton" title="Crystal Lee Sutton">Crystal Lee Sutton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Leo_Unterkoefler" title="Ernest Leo Unterkoefler">Ernest Leo Unterkoefler</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/George_F._Kennan" title="George F. Kennan">George F. Kennan</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Helen_Caldicott" title="Helen Caldicott">Helen Caldicott</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bernardin" title="Joseph Bernardin">Joseph Bernardin</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_John_Dingman" title="Maurice John Dingman">Maurice John Dingman</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Egan" title="Eileen Egan">Eileen Egan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Maguire" title="Mairead Maguire">Mairead Maguire</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Julia_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="María Julia Hernández">María Julia Hernández</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez" title="Cesar Chavez">César Chávez</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Berrigan" title="Daniel Berrigan">Daniel Berrigan</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Wallis" title="Jim Wallis">Jim Wallis</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ruiz" title="Samuel Ruiz">Samuel Ruiz</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/James_W._Douglass" title="James W. Douglass">Jim and Shelley Douglass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000: <a href="/wiki/George_G._Higgins" title="George G. Higgins">George G. Higgins</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Gwen_Hennessey" title="Gwen Hennessey">Gwen Hennessey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hennessey" title="Dorothy Hennessey">Dorothy Hennessey</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Simon" title="Arthur Simon">Arthur Simon</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Mosley" title="Donald Mosley">Donald Mosley</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Salim_Ghazal" title="Salim Ghazal">Salim Ghazal</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Mottet" title="Marvin Mottet">Marvin Mottet</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Hildegard_Goss-Mayr" title="Hildegard Goss-Mayr">Hildegard Goss-Mayr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010: <a href="/wiki/John_Dear" title="John Dear">John Dear</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Leonel_Ramazzini_Imeri" title="Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri">Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Kim_Bobo" title="Kim Bobo">Kim Bobo</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Vanier" title="Jean Vanier">Jean Vanier</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Simone_Campbell" title="Simone Campbell">Simone Campbell</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_H%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Thích Nhất Hạnh">Thích Nhất Hạnh</a></li> <li>2016: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gustavo Gutiérrez</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Widad_Akrawi" title="Widad Akrawi">Widad Akreyi</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Munib_Younan" title="Munib Younan">Munib Younan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Norma_Pimentel" title="Norma Pimentel">Norma Pimentel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Communication_and_Humanities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#99d6ff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Communication_and_Humanities" title="Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Communication_and_Humanities" title="Template talk:Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Communication_and_Humanities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Communication_and_Humanities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Prince or Princess of Asturias Award</a> for Communication and Humanities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Prince_of_Asturias_Award_for_Communication_and_Humanities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Zambrano" title="María Zambrano">María Zambrano</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Bunge" title="Mario Bunge">Mario Bunge</a></li> <li>1983: <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i> newspaper</li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Claudio_S%C3%A1nchez-Albornoz" title="Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz">Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrater_Mora" title="José Ferrater Mora">José Ferrater Mora</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Globo" title="Grupo Globo">Grupo Globo</a></li> <li>1987: <i><a href="/wiki/El_Espectador" title="El Espectador">El Espectador</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/El_Tiempo_(Colombia)" title="El Tiempo (Colombia)">El Tiempo</a></i> newspapers</li> <li>1988: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horacio_S%C3%A1enz_Guerrero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horacio Sáenz Guerrero (page does not exist)">Horacio Sáenz Guerrero</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Pedro_La%C3%ADn_Entralgo" title="Pedro Laín Entralgo">Pedro Laín Entralgo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fondo_de_Cultura_Econ%C3%B3mica" title="Fondo de Cultura Económica">Fondo de Cultura Económica</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Central_American_University,_San_Salvador" title="Central American University, San Salvador">José Simeón Cañas Central American University</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Mar%C3%ADa_Anson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis María Anson (page does not exist)">Luis María Anson</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Garc%C3%ADa_G%C3%B3mez" title="Emilio García Gómez">Emilio García Gómez</a></li> <li>1993: <i><a href="/wiki/Vuelta_(magazine)" title="Vuelta (magazine)">Vuelta</a></i> magazine by Octavio Paz</li> <li>1994: Spanish <a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Missions</a> in Rwanda and Burundi</li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/EFE" title="EFE">EFE Agency</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_L%C3%B3pez_Aranguren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Luis López Aranguren (page does not exist)">José Luis López Aranguren</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Indro_Montanelli" title="Indro Montanelli">Indro Montanelli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juli%C3%A1n_Mar%C3%ADas" title="Julián Marías">Julián Marías</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> and <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Mohn" title="Reinhard Mohn">Reinhard Mohn</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Caro_and_Cuervo_Institute" title="Caro and Cuervo Institute">Caro and Cuervo Institute</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/George_Steiner" title="George Steiner">George Steiner</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Magnus_Enzensberger" title="Hans Magnus Enzensberger">Hans Magnus Enzensberger</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Kapu%C5%9Bci%C5%84ski" title="Ryszard Kapuściński">Ryszard Kapuściński</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Daniel" title="Jean Daniel">Jean Daniel</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Alliance française">Alliance française</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri_Society" title="Dante Alighieri Society">Società Dante Alighieri</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Council" title="British Council">British Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goethe-Institut" title="Goethe-Institut">Goethe-Institut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Cervantes" title="Instituto Cervantes">Instituto Cervantes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Cam%C3%B5es" title="Instituto Camões">Instituto Camões</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a></li> <li>2007: <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i> journals</li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/National_Autonomous_University_of_Mexico" title="National Autonomous University of Mexico">National Autonomous University of Mexico</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Touraine" title="Alain Touraine">Alain Touraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Zygmunt Bauman</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto" title="Shigeru Miyamoto">Shigeru Miyamoto</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz" title="Annie Leibovitz">Annie Leibovitz</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Quino" title="Quino">Quino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Communication_and_Humanities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Lled%C3%B3" title="Emilio Lledó">Emilio Lledó Íñigo</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/James_Nachtwey" title="James Nachtwey">James Nachtwey</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Les_Luthiers" title="Les Luthiers">Les Luthiers</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Alma_Guillermoprieto" title="Alma Guillermoprieto">Alma Guillermoprieto</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Museo_del_Prado" title="Museo del Prado">Museo del Prado</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara_International_Book_Fair" title="Guadalajara International Book Fair">Guadalajara International Book Fair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hay_Festival" title="Hay Festival">Hay Festival of Literature & Arts</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Adam_Michnik" title="Adam Michnik">Adam Michnik</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Nuccio_Ordine" title="Nuccio Ordine">Nuccio Ordine</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Marjane_Satrapi" title="Marjane Satrapi">Marjane Satrapi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335384#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335384#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335384#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122818258">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/73865058">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/8000/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxCyFdyBXXYK3jXJWkdQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118543792">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50024291">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120177813">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120177813">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00442038">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gutiérrez, Gustavo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV017118">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35158728">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kup19960000034553&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX959804">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/42028">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068241917">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90082201">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000172438&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199611111">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/fcrttxxz0h9cfwq">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810621844205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/320809">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007427693505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058519817006706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14369010">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01575890?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/846055">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118543792">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02831686X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Gutiérrez&oldid=1260634499">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Gutiérrez&oldid=1260634499</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1928_births" title="Category:1928 births">1928 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2024_deaths" title="Category:2024 deaths">2024 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Peruvian_writers" title="Category:20th-century Peruvian writers">20th-century Peruvian writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_Peruvian_writers" title="Category:21st-century Peruvian writers">21st-century Peruvian writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-poverty_advocates" title="Category:Anti-poverty advocates">Anti-poverty advocates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_philosophers" title="Category:Catholic philosophers">Catholic philosophers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_socialists" title="Category:Catholic socialists">Catholic socialists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_University_of_Leuven_(1834%E2%80%931968)_alumni" title="Category:Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968) alumni">Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968) alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholicism_and_far-left_politics" title="Category:Catholicism and far-left politics">Catholicism and far-left politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_Peace_Conference_members" title="Category:Christian Peace Conference members">Christian Peace Conference members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_radicals" title="Category:Christian radicals">Christian radicals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_socialist_theologians" title="Category:Christian socialist theologians">Christian socialist theologians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_pneumonia_in_Peru" title="Category:Deaths from pneumonia in Peru">Deaths from pneumonia in Peru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liberation_theologians" title="Category:Liberation theologians">Liberation theologians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_University_of_San_Marcos_alumni" title="Category:National University of San Marcos alumni">National University of San Marcos alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Lima" title="Category:People from Lima">People from Lima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peruvian_Christian_religious_leaders" title="Category:Peruvian Christian religious leaders">Peruvian Christian religious leaders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peruvian_Christian_socialists" title="Category:Peruvian Christian socialists">Peruvian Christian socialists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peruvian_Christian_theologians" title="Category:Peruvian Christian theologians">Peruvian Christian theologians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peruvian_Dominicans" title="Category:Peruvian Dominicans">Peruvian Dominicans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peruvian_people_of_Quechua_descent" title="Category:Peruvian people of Quechua descent">Peruvian people of Quechua descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peruvian_philosophers" title="Category:Peruvian philosophers">Peruvian philosophers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Notre_Dame_faculty" title="Category:University of Notre Dame faculty">University of Notre Dame faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_Christianity_scholars" title="Category:World Christianity scholars">World Christianity scholars</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2024">Use dmy dates from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Template:Post-nominals_with_customized_linking" title="Category:Pages using Template:Post-nominals with customized linking">Pages using Template:Post-nominals with customized linking</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2024">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from October 2024">Articles needing additional references from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 December 2024, at 21:02<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-2q568","wgBackendResponseTime":221,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.103","walltime":"1.305","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10122,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":212519,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14200,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":278754,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1170.104 1 -total"," 29.57% 346.000 2 Template:Reflist"," 21.81% 255.189 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 7.77% 90.948 27 Template:Cite_web"," 7.06% 82.575 8 Template:Fix"," 6.89% 80.569 8 Template:Cite_journal"," 6.56% 76.778 18 Template:Cite_book"," 6.23% 72.891 1 Template:Infobox_clergy"," 5.79% 67.718 8 Template:Br_separated_entries"," 5.67% 66.348 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.678","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11031777,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-79d9bc49cc-drhlg","timestamp":"20241203043405","ttl":2489161,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Gustavo Guti\u00e9rrez","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q335384","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q335384","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-03-07T00:43:39Z","dateModified":"2024-12-01T21:02:09Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a4\/Gustavo_gutierrez_%28Peruvian_theologian%29.jpg","headline":"Peruvian theologian (1928\u20132024)"}</script> </body> </html>