CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Kansas City standard - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ca4a14ee-f46b-4472-a616-665a31f6ebd5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Kansas_City_standard","wgTitle":"Kansas City standard","wgCurRevisionId":1242861425,"wgRevisionId":1242861425,"wgArticleId":194388,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Computer standards","Early microcomputers","Tape-based computer storage","Standards of the United States"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Kansas_City_standard","wgRelevantArticleId":194388,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[], "wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1662607","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/SWTPC_AC30_Cassette_Interface.jpg/1200px-SWTPC_AC30_Cassette_Interface.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="686"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/SWTPC_AC30_Cassette_Interface.jpg/800px-SWTPC_AC30_Cassette_Interface.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="457"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/SWTPC_AC30_Cassette_Interface.jpg/640px-SWTPC_AC30_Cassette_Interface.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="366"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Kansas City standard - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City_standard"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City_standard"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Kansas_City_standard rootpage-Kansas_City_standard skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Kansas+City+standard" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Kansas+City+standard" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Kansas+City+standard" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Kansas+City+standard" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enhancements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enhancements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Enhancements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enhancements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Implementations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Implementations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Implementations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Implementations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_microcomputers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_microcomputers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Early microcomputers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_microcomputers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_computers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_computers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Personal computers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_computers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programmable_calculators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programmable_calculators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Programmable calculators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programmable_calculators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Other devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_formats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_formats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Alternative formats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_formats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kansas City standard</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City_Standard" title="Kansas City Standard – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kansas City Standard" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City_Standard" title="Kansas City Standard – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kansas City Standard" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City_standard" title="Kansas City standard – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kansas City standard" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City_standard" title="Kansas City standard – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kansas City standard" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Kansas_City" title="Standard Kansas City – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Standard Kansas City" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_de_Kansas_City" title="Standard de Kansas City – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Standard de Kansas City" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B5%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B7%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="カンサスシティスタンダード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カンサスシティスタンダード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City_Standard" title="Kansas City Standard – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kansas City Standard" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City_standard" title="Kansas City standard – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Kansas City standard" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City_Standard" title="Kansas City Standard – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kansas City Standard" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1662607#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_standard" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Kansas_City_standard" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_standard"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_standard"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Kansas_City_standard" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Kansas_City_standard" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&oldid=1242861425" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Kansas_City_standard&id=1242861425&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKansas_City_standard"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKansas_City_standard"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kansas_City_standard&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1662607" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Data storage standard</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SWTPC_AC30_Cassette_Interface.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/SWTPC_AC30_Cassette_Interface.jpg/220px-SWTPC_AC30_Cassette_Interface.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/SWTPC_AC30_Cassette_Interface.jpg/330px-SWTPC_AC30_Cassette_Interface.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/SWTPC_AC30_Cassette_Interface.jpg/440px-SWTPC_AC30_Cassette_Interface.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The SWTPC AC-30 Cassette Interface implements the Kansas City standard. In May 1976, it was sold for <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$80</span> (equivalent to about $400 in 2023).</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Kansas City standard</b> (<b>KCS</b>), or <b><i>Byte</i> standard</b>, is a data storage protocol for standard <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" title="Cassette tape">cassette tapes</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">audio recording</a> media at <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002300000000000000♠"></span>300 <a href="/wiki/Bits_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Bits per second">bits per second</a></span>. It originated in a symposium sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine)"><i>Byte</i> magazine</a> in November 1975 in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a> to develop a standard for the storage of digital <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputer</a> data on inexpensive consumer quality cassettes. The first systems based on the standard appeared in 1976. </p><p>One variation on the basic standard is CUTS, which is identical at 300 <a href="/wiki/Bit/s" class="mw-redirect" title="Bit/s">bit/s</a>, but with an optional 1200 bit/s mode. CUTS is the default encoding used by several later machine families, including those from <a href="/wiki/Acorn_Computers" title="Acorn Computers">Acorn</a> and the <a href="/wiki/MSX" title="MSX">MSX</a>. MSX added a higher 2400 bit/s mode that is otherwise similar. The 1200 bit/s mode of CUTS was used as the standard for cross-platform <a href="/wiki/BASICODE" title="BASICODE">BASICODE</a> distribution. </p><p>KCS originated from the earliest days of the microcomputer revolution, among other prolific protocols. Most <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computers</a> of the era have <a href="/wiki/List_of_cassette_tape_data_storage_formats" title="List of cassette tape data storage formats">unique formats</a> that are incompatible with anything. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early microcomputers generally use <a href="/wiki/Punched_tape" title="Punched tape">punched tape</a> for program storage, an expensive option. Computer consultant Jerry Ogdin conceived the use of audio tones on a cassette to replace the paper tapes. He took the idea to Les Solomon, editor of <i><a href="/wiki/Popular_Electronics" title="Popular Electronics">Popular Electronics</a></i> magazine, who was similarly frustrated by punched tapes. In September 1975, the two co-authored an article on the HITS (Hobbyists' Interchange Tape System), using two tones to represent 1s and 0s. Soon after, several manufacturers started using similar approaches, all incompatible.<sup id="cite_ref-sol_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sol-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Green" title="Wayne Green">Wayne Green</a>, who had just started <i>Byte</i> magazine, wanted all the manufacturers to collaborate on a single cassette standard. He organized a two-day meeting on 7–8 November 1975 in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-byte_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byte-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The participants settled on a system based on <a href="/wiki/Don_Lancaster" title="Don Lancaster">Don Lancaster</a>'s design. After the meeting, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Felsenstein" title="Lee Felsenstein">Lee Felsenstein</a> (of <a href="/wiki/Processor_Technology" title="Processor Technology">Processor Technology</a>) and Harold Mauch (of <a href="/wiki/Percom" title="Percom">Percom</a>) wrote the standard, which was published in <i>Byte</i> magazine's first issue.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A KCS cassette interface is similar to a modem connected to a <a href="/wiki/Serial_communication" title="Serial communication">serial port</a>. The 1s and 0s from the serial port are converted to audio tones using audio <a href="/wiki/Frequency-shift_keying" title="Frequency-shift keying">frequency-shift keying</a> (AFSK). A "0" bit is represented as four cycles of a 1200 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">Hz</a> <a href="/wiki/Sine_wave" title="Sine wave">sine wave</a>, and a "1" bit as eight cycles of 2400 Hz. This gives a data rate of 300 <a href="/wiki/Baud" title="Baud">baud</a>. Each frame starts with one "0" start bit, followed by eight data bits (least significant bit first) followed by two "1" stop bits, so each frame is 11 bits, for a data rate of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">27<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">11</span></span> bytes per second. </p><p>The February 1976 issue of <i>Byte</i> has a report<sup id="cite_ref-ByteReport_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ByteReport-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the symposium, and the March issue features two hardware examples by Don Lancaster<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Harold Mauch.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 300 baud rate is reliable, but slow; a typical 8-kilobyte <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> program takes five minutes to load. Most audio cassette circuits support higher speeds. </p><p>According to Solomon, the efforts were unsuccessful: "Unfortunately, it didn't last long; before the month ended, everyone went back to his own tape standard and the recording confusion got worse."<sup id="cite_ref-sol_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sol-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The participants of the Kansas City symposium include these:<sup id="cite_ref-ByteReport_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ByteReport-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Borrill" title="Ray Borrill">Ray Borrill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Chamberlin" title="Hal Chamberlin">Hal Chamberlin</a>, The Computer Hobbyist, <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a></li> <li>Richard Smith, The Computer Hobbyist, Raleigh, North Carolina</li> <li>Tom Durston, <a href="/wiki/Micro_Instrumentation_and_Telemetry_Systems" title="Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems">MITS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micro_Instrumentation_and_Telemetry_Systems" title="Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems">MITS</a>, Albuquerque, New Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Roberts_(computer_engineer)" title="Ed Roberts (computer engineer)">Ed Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micro_Instrumentation_and_Telemetry_Systems" title="Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems">MITS</a>, Albuquerque, New Mexico</li> <li>Bob Zaller, <a href="/wiki/Micro_Instrumentation_and_Telemetry_Systems" title="Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems">MITS</a>, Albuquerque, New Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Felsenstein" title="Lee Felsenstein">Lee Felsenstein</a>, LGC Engineering / <a href="/wiki/Processor_Technology" title="Processor Technology">Processor Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley, California</a></li> <li>Les Solomon, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Electronics" title="Popular Electronics">Popular Electronics</a> Magazine, <a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, New York">New York, New York</a></li> <li>Bob Marsh, <a href="/wiki/Processor_Technology" title="Processor Technology">Processor Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley, California</a></li> <li>Joe Frappier, Mikra-D, <a href="/wiki/Bellingham,_Massachusetts" title="Bellingham, Massachusetts">Bellingham, Massachusetts</a></li> <li>Gary Kay, <a href="/wiki/SWTPC" title="SWTPC">Southwest Technical Products Corp</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio, Texas">San Antonio, Texas</a></li> <li>Harold A Mauch, Pronetics/<a href="/wiki/Percom" title="Percom">Percom Data</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garland,_Texas" title="Garland, Texas">Garland, Texas</a></li> <li>Bob Nelson, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Cyber/Metrix" title="Pacific Cyber/Metrix">Pacific Cyber/Metrix</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Ramon,_California" title="San Ramon, California">San Ramon, California</a></li> <li>George Perrine, HAL Communications Corp, <a href="/wiki/Urbana,_Illinois" title="Urbana, Illinois">Urbana, Illinois</a></li> <li>Paul Tucker, HAL Communications Corp, Urbana, Illinois</li> <li>Michael Stolowitz, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Godbout" title="Bill Godbout">Godbout Electronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a></li> <li>Mike Wise, <a href="/wiki/Sphere_1" title="Sphere 1">Sphere Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bountiful,_Utah" title="Bountiful, Utah">Bountiful, Utah</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enhancements">Enhancements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Enhancements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original standard records data as "marks" (one) and "spaces" (zero). A mark bit consists of eight cycles at a frequency of 2400 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">Hz</a>, and a space bit consists of four cycles at a frequency of 1200 Hz. A <a href="/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)" title="Word (computer architecture)">word</a>, usually one <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">byte</a> (8 bits) long, is recorded in <a href="/wiki/Endianness#Little" title="Endianness">little endian</a> order, which is least significant bit first. 7-bit words are followed by a <a href="/wiki/Parity_bit" title="Parity bit">parity bit</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Processor_Technology" title="Processor Technology">Processor Technology</a> developed the popular CUTS (Computer Users' Tape Standard), which works at either 300 or 1200 baud. They provided the <a href="/wiki/S-100_bus" title="S-100 bus">S-100 bus</a> CUTS Tape I/O interface board, which offers both CUTS and Kansas City standard support to any S-100 system. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tarbell_Cassette_Interface" title="Tarbell Cassette Interface">Tarbell Cassette Interface</a>, which, according to early PC retailer Stan Veit, "became a <i>de facto</i> standard for S-100 computers", supported the Kansas City Standard in addition to the Tarbell "native" mode ("Tarbell standard").<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Acorn_Computers_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorn Computers Ltd">Acorn Computers Ltd</a> implemented a 1200-baud variation of <i>CUTS</i> in its <a href="/wiki/BBC_Micro" title="BBC Micro">BBC Micro</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Acorn_Electron" title="Acorn Electron">Acorn Electron</a> microcomputers, which reduced a "0" bit to one cycle of a 1200 Hz sine wave and a "1" bit to two cycles of a 2400 Hz wave. Standard encoding includes a "0" start bit and "1" stop bit around every 8 bit piece of information, giving an effective data rate of 960 <a href="/wiki/Bits_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Bits per second">bits per second</a>. Also, these machines record data in 256-byte <a href="/wiki/Block_(data_storage)" title="Block (data storage)">blocks</a> interspersed with gaps of <a href="/wiki/Carrier_tone" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier tone">carrier tone</a>, each block carrying a sequence number and a CRC checksum, so that it is possible to rewind the tape and retry from the failed block when a read error occurs. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/MSX" title="MSX">MSX</a> by default supports both a 1200 baud variation of the standard with the same bit encoding as Acorn's, and a 2400 baud variant which doubles the audio rate — a "0" bit is one cycle of a 2400 Hz wave and a "1" bit is two cycles of a 4800 Hz wave.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike Acorn machines, the MSX uses two "1" stop bits in addition to one "0" start bit, so the effective rate at 1200 baud is approximately 873 bits per second, and the effective rate at 2400 baud is approximately 1,745 bits per second. The machine's <a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a> can read data at up to 3600 baud from an ideal audio source. The Quick CUTS standard proposed by Bob Cottis and Mike Blandford and published in the Amateur Computer Club newsletter<sup id="cite_ref-ACCN_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACCN-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also operated at 2400 baud, encoding "0" as a half-cycle of 1200 Hz and "1" as a whole cycle of 2400 Hz. The receiver was self-clocking using a <a href="/wiki/Phase-locked_loop" title="Phase-locked loop">phase-locked loop</a>. Published in 1978, it predates the 1982 patent for the similar <a href="/wiki/Coded_mark_inversion" title="Coded mark inversion">coded mark inversion</a> proposal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Implementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_microcomputers">Early microcomputers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early microcomputers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several use the S-100 bus. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compukit_UK101" title="Compukit UK101">Compukit UK101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exidy_Sorcerer" title="Exidy Sorcerer">Exidy Sorcerer</a> Optional S-100 expansion bus, standard 300 bit/s mode and a 1200 baud variant by default.</li> <li>Kim-1, MOS Technology Optional S-100 expansion bus (KIMSI), standard 300 bit/s mode and a hypertype 1200 baud variant.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nascom_(computer_kit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nascom (computer kit)">Lucas Nascom</a> 1, 2 (which also supports a 1200 bit/s variant, see below)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Instrumentation_and_Telemetry_Systems" title="Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems">MITS</a> <a href="/wiki/Altair_8800" title="Altair 8800">Altair 8800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a> MEK D1 6800 board</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processor_Technology" title="Processor Technology">Processor Tech</a> <a href="/wiki/Sol-20" title="Sol-20">Sol-20</a> Terminal Computer</li> <li>Processor Tech CUTS S-100 bus Tape I/O interface board</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWTPC" title="SWTPC">SWTPC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Motorola_6800" title="Motorola 6800">Motorola 6800</a>-based computers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Microtan_65" title="Tangerine Microtan 65">Tangerine Microtan 65</a> (300 baud CUTS — faster 2400 non-CUTS format also available)</li> <li>Eltec (German Company) Eurocom 1</li> <li>Z80 Starter Kit (1977 — Development board by SD Systems — 300 bauds — S-100 bus)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_computers">Personal computers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal computers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_80" title="ABC 80">ABC 80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acorn_Computers" title="Acorn Computers">Acorn Computers Ltd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acorn_System_1" title="Acorn System 1">Acorn System 1</a> (300 baud only)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acorn_Atom" title="Acorn Atom">Acorn Atom</a> (300 baud standard / 1200 baud with the "fast cos" program from utility pack 1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Micro" title="BBC Micro">BBC Micro</a> (300 and 1200 baud variations)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acorn_Electron" title="Acorn Electron">Acorn Electron</a> (1200 baud only)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Smith_Super-80_Computer" title="Dick Smith Super-80 Computer">Dick Smith Super-80</a> (300 baud only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektor" title="Elektor">Elektor</a> Magazine National SC/MP Project</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathkit" title="Heathkit">Heathkit</a> <ul><li>Heathkit ET/ETW-3400 and 3400A Microprocessor Trainers (300, 1200, 2400 baud)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathkit_H8" title="Heathkit H8">Heathkit H8</a> (300 and 1200 baud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenith_Z-89" title="Zenith Z-89">Zenith Z-89</a> — also sold as the Heathkit H89 (300 and 1200 baud)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_Technology" title="Applied Technology">MicroBee Systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MicroBee" title="MicroBee">MicroBee</a> (300 and 1200 baud)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX" title="MSX">MSX</a> (1200 and 2400 baud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nascom" title="Nascom">Nascom</a> (300 and 1200)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Scientific" title="Ohio Scientific">Ohio Scientific</a> C1P/Superboard II, C2-4P/C4P, C2-8P/C8P</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SG-1000#SC-3000" title="SG-1000">Sega SC-3000</a> A slightly different 600 baud variant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph-Adler" title="Triumph-Adler">Triumph-Adler</a> <ul><li>Alphatronic PC</li> <li>Alphatronic PC16</li></ul></li> <li>Z80NE Nova Elettronica with LX.385 interface</li> <li>Chaos Homebrew Computer</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irisha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irisha (page does not exist)">Irisha</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80)" class="extiw" title="ru:Ириша (компьютер)">ru</a>]</span> (1200 baud, 2 stop bits, same as MSX)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programmable_calculators">Programmable calculators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Programmable calculators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casio" title="Casio">Casio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casio_FX-502P_series" title="Casio FX-502P series">FX-502P series</a> with <a href="/wiki/Casio_FX-502P_series#Interface" title="Casio FX-502P series">FA-1</a> interface (300 baud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_FX-602P_series" title="Casio FX-602P series">FX-602P series</a> and <a href="/wiki/Casio_FX-702P" title="Casio FX-702P">FX-702P</a> with <a href="/wiki/Casio_FX-602P_series#Interface" title="Casio FX-602P series">FA-2</a> interface (300 baud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_FX-603P" title="Casio FX-603P">Casio FX-603P</a> and <a href="/wiki/Casio_FX-850P" title="Casio FX-850P">Casio FX-850P</a> with <a href="/wiki/Casio_FX-603P#Interface" title="Casio FX-603P">FA-6</a> interface (300 and 1200 baud)</li> <li>Casio FX-750P with FA-20 interface (300 baud)</li> <li>Casio PB-700 with FA-11 interface (300 baud)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_devices">Other devices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casiotone" title="Casiotone">Casio PT-50</a> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboard" title="Electronic keyboard">electronic keyboard</a> with TA-1 tape interface module.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_TR-707" title="Roland TR-707">Roland TR-707</a> <a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">drum machine</a> and other musical equipment.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_formats">Alternative formats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Alternative formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FloppyRom_Magazine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/FloppyRom_Magazine.jpg/220px-FloppyRom_Magazine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/FloppyRom_Magazine.jpg/330px-FloppyRom_Magazine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/FloppyRom_Magazine.jpg/440px-FloppyRom_Magazine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1383" data-file-height="1478" /></a><figcaption><i>Interface Age</i> magazine May 1977 issue, with a Kansas City standard <a href="/wiki/Flexi_disc" title="Flexi disc">flexi disc</a> floppy ROM</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 1976 at the Personal Computing show in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City, New Jersey</a>, Bob Marsh of Processor Technology approached Bob Jones, the publisher of <i><a href="/wiki/Interface_Age" title="Interface Age">Interface Age</a></i> magazine, about pressing software onto <a href="/wiki/Vinyl_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl record">vinyl records</a>. Processor Technology provided an <a href="/wiki/Intel_8080" title="Intel 8080">Intel 8080</a> program to be recorded. This test record did not work and Processor Technology was unable to devote more time to the effort.<sup id="cite_ref-Interface_May_1977_Jones_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interface_May_1977_Jones-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Meyer_(engineer)" title="Daniel Meyer (engineer)">Daniel Meyer</a> and Gary Kay of <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Technical_Products" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest Technical Products">Southwest Technical Products</a> (SWTPC) arranged for Robert Uiterwyk to provide his 4K <a href="/wiki/BASIC_interpreter" title="BASIC interpreter">BASIC interpreter</a> program for the <a href="/wiki/Motorola_6800" title="Motorola 6800">Motorola 6800</a> microprocessor. The idea was to record the program on audio tape in the Kansas City format and then make a master record from the tape. Eva-Tone made <a href="/wiki/Flexi_disc" title="Flexi disc">Soundsheets</a> on thin vinyl that would hold one song, these were inexpensive and could be bound in a magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-Billboard_Nov_1979_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Billboard_Nov_1979-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bill Turner<sup id="cite_ref-Interface_May_1977_Turner_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interface_May_1977_Turner-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Bill Blomgren<sup id="cite_ref-Interface_May_1977_Blomgren_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interface_May_1977_Blomgren-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of MicroComputerSystems Inc. along with Bob Jones<sup>[8]</sup> of <i>Interface Age</i> and Bud Schamburger of <a href="/wiki/Holiday_Inn" title="Holiday Inn">Holiday Inn</a> worked with Eva-Tone and developed a successful process. The intermediate stage of recording to tape produced <a href="/wiki/Dropout_(communications)" title="Dropout (communications)">dropouts</a>, so a SWTPC AC-30<sup id="cite_ref-Byte_Dec_1977_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byte_Dec_1977-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cassette interface was connected directly to the record cutting equipment. The May 1977 issue of <i>Interface Age</i> contains the first "Floppy ROM", a 33<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> RPM record containing about six minutes of Kansas City standard audio. The September 1978 Floppy ROM Number 5 has two sides: <a href="/wiki/Apple_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple BASIC">Apple BASIC</a>, "the automated dress pattern", and IAPS format, "A program for writing letters". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASICODE" title="BASICODE">BASICODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_Datasette" title="Commodore Datasette">Commodore Datasette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_loader" title="Fast loader">Fast loader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexi_disc" title="Flexi disc">Flexi disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_cassette_tape" title="IBM cassette tape">IBM cassette tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbell_Cassette_Interface" title="Tarbell Cassette Interface">Tarbell Cassette Interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Emulator_Format" title="Unified Emulator Format">Unified Emulator Format</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFeichtinger1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Feichtinger, Herwig (1987). "1.8.3. Kassettenaufzeichnung" [1.8.3. Cassette recording]. <i>Arbeitsbuch Mikrocomputer</i> [<i>Microcomputer work book</i>] (in German) (2 ed.). Munich, Germany: <a href="/wiki/Franzis_Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Franzis Verlag">Franzis-Verlag GmbH</a>. pp. 230–235. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7723-8022-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-7723-8022-0"><bdi>3-7723-8022-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1.8.3.+Kassettenaufzeichnung&rft.btitle=Arbeitsbuch+Mikrocomputer&rft.place=Munich%2C+Germany&rft.pages=230-235&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Franzis-Verlag+GmbH&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=3-7723-8022-0&rft.aulast=Feichtinger&rft.aufirst=Herwig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHübler1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hübler, Bernd (1987) [1986]. "2.6. Kassetteninterface" [2.6. Cassette interface]. In Erlekampf, Rainer; Mönk, Hans-Joachim (eds.). <i>Mikroelektronik in der Amateurpraxis</i> [<i>Micro-electronics for the practical amateur</i>] (in German) (3 ed.). Berlin: Militärverlag der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Leipzig. pp. 92–99, 164–165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-327-00357-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-327-00357-2"><bdi>3-327-00357-2</bdi></a>. 7469332.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2.6.+Kassetteninterface&rft.btitle=Mikroelektronik+in+der+Amateurpraxis&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=92-99%2C+164-165&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Milit%C3%A4rverlag+der+Deutschen+Demokratischen+Republik%2C+Leipzig&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=3-327-00357-2&rft.aulast=H%C3%BCbler&rft.aufirst=Bernd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Cube2015" class="citation web cs1">von Cube, Marcus (2015-03-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mvcsys.de/doc/casioutil.html">"CASsette IO Utilities"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170314182607/http://www.mvcsys.de/doc/casioutil.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-03-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CASsette+IO+Utilities&rft.date=2015-03-15&rft.aulast=von+Cube&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mvcsys.de%2Fdoc%2Fcasioutil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sol-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sol_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sol_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Les Solomon, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atariarchives.org/deli/solomons_memory.php">"Solomon's Memory"</a>, Digital Deli, 1984</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-byte-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-byte_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunnell1975" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Bunnell" title="David Bunnell">Bunnell, David</a> (December 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120323162247/http://startup.nmnaturalhistory.org/gallery/notesViewer.php?ii=75_12">"BYTE Sponsors ACR Standards Meeting"</a>. <i>Computer Notes</i>. Vol. 1, no. 6. Altair Users Group, MITS Inc. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://startup.nmnaturalhistory.org/gallery/notesViewer.php?ii=75_12">the original</a> on 2012-03-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Notes&rft.atitle=BYTE+Sponsors+ACR+Standards+Meeting&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1975-12&rft.aulast=Bunnell&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstartup.nmnaturalhistory.org%2Fgallery%2FnotesViewer.php%3Fii%3D75_12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLancaster1975" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Don_Lancaster" title="Don Lancaster">Lancaster, Don</a> (September 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1975-09/1975_09_BYTE_00-01_The_Worlds_Greatest_Toy#page/n23/mode/2up">"Serial Interface"</a>. <i>BYTE</i>. No. 1. Green Publishing. p. 22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=Serial+Interface&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1975-09&rft.aulast=Lancaster&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1975-09%2F1975_09_BYTE_00-01_The_Worlds_Greatest_Toy%23page%2Fn23%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ByteReport-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ByteReport_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ByteReport_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManfred_and_Virginia_Peschke1976" class="citation magazine cs1">Manfred and Virginia Peschke (February 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1976-02/1976_02_BYTE_00-06_Color_Graphics#page/n73/mode/1up">"Report: BYTE's Audio Cassette Standards Symposium"</a>. <i>BYTE</i>. No. 6. BYTE Publications. pp. 72–73.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=Report%3A+BYTE%27s+Audio+Cassette+Standards+Symposium&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=72-73&rft.date=1976-02&rft.au=Manfred+and+Virginia+Peschke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1976-02%2F1976_02_BYTE_00-06_Color_Graphics%23page%2Fn73%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDon_Lancaster1976" class="citation magazine cs1">Don Lancaster (March 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1976-03/1976_03_BYTE_00-07_Cassette_Interfaces#page/n31/mode/2up">"Build the Bit Boffer"</a>. <i>BYTE</i>. No. 7. BYTE Publications. pp. 30–39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=Build+the+Bit+Boffer&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=30-39&rft.date=1976-03&rft.au=Don+Lancaster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1976-03%2F1976_03_BYTE_00-07_Cassette_Interfaces%23page%2Fn31%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarold_A._Mauch1976" class="citation magazine cs1">Harold A. Mauch (March 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1976-03/1976_03_BYTE_00-07_Cassette_Interfaces#page/n41/mode/2up">"Digital Data on Cassette Recorders"</a>. <i>BYTE</i>. No. 7. BYTE Publications. pp. 40–45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=Digital+Data+on+Cassette+Recorders&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=40-45&rft.date=1976-03&rft.au=Harold+A.+Mauch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1976-03%2F1976_03_BYTE_00-07_Cassette_Interfaces%23page%2Fn41%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pc-history.org/imsai.htm">"The IMSAI 8800"</a>. <i>pc-history.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pc-history.org&rft.atitle=The+IMSAI+8800&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpc-history.org%2Fimsai.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._T._Russell,_BBC_Engineering_Designs_Department1981" class="citation report cs1">R. T. Russell, BBC Engineering Designs Department (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chrisacorns.computinghistory.org.uk/docs/BBC/HardwareSpecification.txt">The BBC Microcomputer System. PART II — HARDWARE SPECIFICATION</a> (Report). The British Broadcasting Corporation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+BBC+Microcomputer+System.+PART+II+%E2%80%94+HARDWARE+SPECIFICATION&rft.pub=The+British+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=1981&rft.au=R.+T.+Russell%2C+BBC+Engineering+Designs+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchrisacorns.computinghistory.org.uk%2Fdocs%2FBBC%2FHardwareSpecification.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"4, ROM BIOS". <i>The MSX Red Book</i>. Kuma Computers. 1985. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7457-0178-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7457-0178-7"><bdi>0-7457-0178-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4%2C+ROM+BIOS&rft.btitle=The+MSX+Red+Book&rft.pub=Kuma+Computers&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-7457-0178-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACCN-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ACCN_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smrcc.org.uk/members/g4ugm/ACC/Vol6-Issue3.pdf">"Amateur Computer Club Newsletter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. August 1978<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amateur+Computer+Club+Newsletter&rft.date=1978-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmrcc.org.uk%2Fmembers%2Fg4ugm%2FACC%2FVol6-Issue3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acorn System 1 Technical Manual, p.15: "On the keyboard is a Computer Users Tape Standard interface"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thorssell.net/PIC/cassette.html">"Cassette replacement for a Heathkit ET-3400A trainer"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cassette+replacement+for+a+Heathkit+ET-3400A+trainer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thorssell.net%2FPIC%2Fcassette.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Interface_May_1977_Jones-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Interface_May_1977_Jones_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1977" class="citation magazine cs1">Jones, Robert S. (May 1977). "The Floppy ROM Experiment". <i>Interface Age</i>. Vol. 2, no. 6. McPheters, Wolfe & Jones. pp. 28, 83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interface+Age&rft.atitle=The+Floppy+ROM+Experiment&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=28%2C+83&rft.date=1977-05&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Billboard_Nov_1979-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Billboard_Nov_1979_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPenchansky1979" class="citation magazine cs1">Penchansky, Alan (November 10, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HiUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT85">"New Building for 'Soundsheets' Firm"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. Vol. 91, no. 45. New York: Billboard Publications. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=New+Building+for+%27Soundsheets%27+Firm&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=45&rft.pages=88&rft.date=1979-11-10&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft.aulast=Penchansky&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHiUEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPT85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Interface_May_1977_Turner-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Interface_May_1977_Turner_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner1977" class="citation journal cs1">Turner, William W. (May 1977). "Robert Uiterwyk's 4K BASIC". <i>Interface Age</i>. <b>2</b> (6). McPheters, Wolfe & Jones: 40–54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interface+Age&rft.atitle=Robert+Uiterwyk%27s+4K+BASIC&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=40-54&rft.date=1977-05&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=William+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Interface_May_1977_Blomgren-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Interface_May_1977_Blomgren_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlomgren1977" class="citation journal cs1">Blomgren, William (May 1977). "Platter BASIC: The Search for a Good, Random Access, Record Cutting Juke Box". <i>Interface Age</i>. <b>2</b> (6). McPheters, Wolfe & Jones: 29–36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interface+Age&rft.atitle=Platter+BASIC%3A+The+Search+for+a+Good%2C+Random+Access%2C+Record+Cutting+Juke+Box&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=29-36&rft.date=1977-05&rft.aulast=Blomgren&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Byte_Dec_1977-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Byte_Dec_1977_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGary_Kay1976" class="citation magazine cs1">Gary Kay (December 1976). "The Designer's Eye View of the AC-30". <i>BYTE</i>. Vol. 1, no. 16. BYTE Publications. pp. 98–108.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=The+Designer%27s+Eye+View+of+the+AC-30&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=98-108&rft.date=1976-12&rft.au=Gary+Kay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansas+City+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161224113109/http://www.swtpc.com/mholley/AC30/KansasCityStandard.htm">The original Byte Magazine article</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190221000254/http://www.swtpc.com/mholley/AC30/memcon1.wav">2-second sound sample of stored KCS file</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190215012705/http://www.swtpc.com/mholley/AC30/AC30_Index.htm">SWTPC.com's article on the AC-30 cassette interface</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robomargo.com/percom/">Percom Data CIS-30 Cassette Interface Brochure</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gkc.org.uk/martin/software/#CUTS">Kansas City Tape Decoder</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vegaja.orgfree.com/kcs05/">Kansas City Tape Decoder (Modern win32 version)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Magnetic-tape_data_storage_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Magnetic_tape_data_formats" title="Template:Magnetic tape data formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Magnetic_tape_data_formats" title="Template talk:Magnetic tape data formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Magnetic_tape_data_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Magnetic tape data formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Magnetic-tape_data_storage_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic-tape_data_storage" title="Magnetic-tape data storage">Magnetic-tape data storage</a> formats</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wide (19–25.4 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_7340" title="IBM 7340">IBM 7340</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LINC#LINCTape" title="LINC">LINCtape</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DECtape" title="DECtape">DECtape</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape_data_storage#IBM_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic tape data storage">CDC 626</a> (1966)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Half inch (12.7 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNISERVO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNISERVO">UNISERVO</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_7-track" title="IBM 7-track">IBM 7-track</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TX-2_Tape_System" title="TX-2 Tape System">TX-2 Tape System</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9-track_tape" title="9-track tape">9-track</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_3480_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 3480 Family">IBM 3480</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">DLT</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_3590" title="IBM 3590">IBM 3590</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorageTek_tape_formats" title="StorageTek tape formats">T9840</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorageTek_tape_formats" title="StorageTek tape formats">T9940</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Tape-Open" title="Linear Tape-Open">LTO Ultrium</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_3592" title="IBM 3592">IBM 3592</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorageTek_tape_formats" title="StorageTek tape formats">T10000</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight millimeter (8 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Travan" title="Travan">Travan</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Magstar_MP_3570" title="IBM Magstar MP 3570">IBM 3570 MP</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Digital_Recording" title="Advanced Digital Recording">ADR</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Quarter inch (6.35 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quarter-inch_cartridge" title="Quarter-inch cartridge">QIC</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Linear_Recording" title="Scalable Linear Recording">SLR</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditto_(drive)" title="Ditto (drive)">Ditto</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"Eighth" (0.15) inch (3.81 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D/CAS" title="D/CAS">D/CAS</a> (1971)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">KC standard, Compact Cassette</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC100" title="DC100">DC100</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbell_Cassette_Interface" title="Tarbell Cassette Interface">Tarbell Cassette Interface</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_Datasette" title="Commodore Datasette">Commodore Datasette</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DECtape#DECtape_II" title="DECtape">DECtape II</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_cassette_tape" title="IBM cassette tape">IBM PC Cassette</a> (1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stringy (1.58–1.9 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exatron_Stringy_Floppy" title="Exatron Stringy Floppy">Exatron Stringy Floppy</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX_Microdrive" title="ZX Microdrive">ZX Microdrive</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QL_Microdrive" class="mw-redirect" title="QL Microdrive">QL Microdrive</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotronics_Wafadrive" title="Rotronics Wafadrive">Rotronics Wafadrive</a> (1984)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Helical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Three quarter inch (19 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sony <a href="/wiki/Digital_Instrumentation_Recorder" title="Digital Instrumentation Recorder">DIR</a> (19xx)</li> <li>Ampex <a href="/wiki/Data_Storage_Technology" title="Data Storage Technology">DST</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Half inch (12.7 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArVid" title="ArVid">ArVid</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorageTek_tape_formats" title="StorageTek tape formats">Redwood SD-3</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Tape_Format" title="Digital Tape Format">DTF</a> (19xx)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Intelligent_Tape" title="Advanced Intelligent Tape">SAIT</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight millimeter (8 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data8" title="Data8">Data8</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data8#Mammoth" title="Data8">Mammoth</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Intelligent_Tape" title="Advanced Intelligent Tape">AIT</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VXA" title="VXA">VXA</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Four millimeter (3.81 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Data_Storage" title="Digital Data Storage">DDS/DAT</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&oldid=1242861425">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&oldid=1242861425</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_standards" title="Category:Computer standards">Computer standards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Early_microcomputers" title="Category:Early microcomputers">Early microcomputers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tape-based_computer_storage" title="Category:Tape-based computer storage">Tape-based computer storage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Standards_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Standards of the United States">Standards of the United States</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 August 2024, at 04:55<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kansas_City_standard&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-c999fddf4-wh7br","wgBackendResponseTime":129,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.383","walltime":"0.488","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2865,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":54521,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":638,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":68066,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 415.357 1 -total"," 20.75% 86.196 3 Template:Navbox"," 20.52% 85.219 1 Template:Magnetic_tape_data_formats"," 20.07% 83.345 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.60% 81.402 3 Template:Cite_book"," 17.16% 71.264 1 Template:Short_description"," 10.40% 43.186 2 Template:Pagetype"," 8.63% 35.850 8 Template:Cite_magazine"," 7.85% 32.614 1 Template:Val"," 6.52% 27.069 1 Template:US$"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.232","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7766235,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-74959dc8bc-wctw6","timestamp":"20241126200100","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Kansas City standard","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kansas_City_standard","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1662607","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1662607","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-03-10T09:11:43Z","dateModified":"2024-08-29T04:55:59Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/76\/SWTPC_AC30_Cassette_Interface.jpg","headline":"digital data format for audio cassette drives"}</script> </body> </html>