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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Zarrin T. Tasin</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Zarrin T. Tasin"> <meta name="keywords" content="Zarrin T. Tasin"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Zarrin T. 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Tasin"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Zarrin T. Tasin</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Urban Heat Island Intensity Assessment through Comparative Study on Land Surface Temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index: A Case Study of Chittagong, Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tausif%20A.%20Ishtiaque">Tausif A. Ishtiaque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zarrin%20T.%20Tasin"> Zarrin T. Tasin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20S.%20Akter"> Kazi S. Akter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current trend of urban expansion, especially in the developing countries has caused significant changes in land cover, which is generating great concern due to its widespread environmental degradation. Energy consumption of the cities is also increasing with the aggravated heat island effect. Distribution of land surface temperature (LST) is one of the most significant climatic parameters affected by urban land cover change. Recent increasing trend of LST is causing elevated temperature profile of the built up area with less vegetative cover. Gradual change in land cover, especially decrease in vegetative cover is enhancing the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in the developing cities around the world. Increase in the amount of urban vegetation cover can be a useful solution for the reduction of UHI intensity. LST and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) have widely been accepted as reliable indicators of UHI and vegetation abundance respectively. Chittagong, the second largest city of Bangladesh, has been a growth center due to rapid urbanization over the last several decades. This study assesses the intensity of UHI in Chittagong city by analyzing the relationship between LST and NDVI based on the type of land use/land cover (LULC) in the study area applying an integrated approach of Geographic Information System (GIS), remote sensing (RS), and regression analysis. Land cover map is prepared through an interactive supervised classification using remotely sensed data from Landsat ETM+ image along with NDVI differencing using ArcGIS. LST and NDVI values are extracted from the same image. The regression analysis between LST and NDVI indicates that within the study area, UHI is directly correlated with LST while negatively correlated with NDVI. It interprets that surface temperature reduces with increase in vegetation cover along with reduction in UHI intensity. Moreover, there are noticeable differences in the relationship between LST and NDVI based on the type of LULC. In other words, depending on the type of land usage, increase in vegetation cover has a varying impact on the UHI intensity. This analysis will contribute to the formulation of sustainable urban land use planning decisions as well as suggesting suitable actions for mitigation of UHI intensity within the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20cover%20change" title="land cover change">land cover change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20surface%20temperature" title=" land surface temperature"> land surface temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normalized%20difference%20vegetation%20index" title=" normalized difference vegetation index"> normalized difference vegetation index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20heat%20island" title=" urban heat island"> urban heat island</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60627/urban-heat-island-intensity-assessment-through-comparative-study-on-land-surface-temperature-and-normalized-difference-vegetation-index-a-case-study-of-chittagong-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> The Role of Vibro-Stone Column for Enhancing the Soft Soil Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Ramezan%20Shirazi">Mohsen Ramezan Shirazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orod%20Zarrin"> Orod Zarrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Komeil%20Valipourian"> Komeil Valipourian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the behavior of improved soft soils through the vibro replacement technique by considering their settlements and consolidation rates and the applicability of this technique in various types of soils and settlement and bearing capacity calculations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20capacity" title="bearing capacity">bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20clay" title=" expansive clay"> expansive clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20columns" title=" stone columns"> stone columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibro%20techniques" title=" vibro techniques"> vibro techniques</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22901/the-role-of-vibro-stone-column-for-enhancing-the-soft-soil-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">585</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Roller Compacting Concrete “RCC” in Dams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orod%20Zarrin">Orod Zarrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Ramezan%20Shirazi"> Mohsen Ramezan Shirazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rehabilitation of dam components such as foundations, buttresses, spillways and overtopping protection require a wide range of construction and design methodologies. Geotechnical Engineering considerations play an important role in the design and construction of foundations of new dams. Much investigation is required to assess and evaluate the existing dams. The application of roller compacting concrete (RCC) has been accepted as a new method for constructing new dams or rehabilitating old ones. In the past 40 years there have been so many changes in the usage of RCC and now it is one of most satisfactory solutions of water and hydropower resource throughout the world. The considerations of rehabilitation and construction of dams might differ due to upstream reservoir and its influence on penetrating and dewatering of downstream, operations requirements and plant layout. One of the advantages of RCC is its rapid placement which allows the dam to be operated quickly. Unlike ordinary concrete it is a drier mix, and stiffs enough for compacting by vibratory rollers. This paper evaluates some different aspects of RCC and focuses on its preparation progress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spillway" title="spillway">spillway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrating%20consistency" title=" vibrating consistency"> vibrating consistency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20tightness" title=" water tightness"> water tightness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foundation" title=" foundation"> foundation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21131/roller-compacting-concrete-rcc-in-dams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">606</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Design of Roller Compacting Concrete Pavement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Zarrin">O. Zarrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ramezan%20Shirazi"> M. Ramezan Shirazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The quality of concrete is usually defined by compressive strength, but flexural strength is the most important characteristic of concrete in a pavement which control the mix design of concrete instead of compressive strength. Therefore, the aggregates which are selected for the pavements are affected by higher flexural strength. Roller Compacting Concrete Pavement (RCCP) is not a new construction method. The other characteristic of this method is no bleeding and less shrinkage due to the lower amount of water. For this purpose, a roller is needed for placing and compacting. The surface of RCCP is not smooth; therefore, the most common use of this pavement is in an industrial zone with slower traffic speed which requires durable and tough pavement. For preparing a smoother surface, it can be achieved by asphalt paver. RCCP decrease the finishing cost because there are no bars, formwork, and the lesser labor need for placing the concrete. In this paper, different aspect of RCCP such as mix design, flexural, compressive strength and focus on the different part of RCCP on detail have been investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20strength" title="flexural strength">flexural strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement" title=" pavement"> pavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt" title=" asphalt"> asphalt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23282/design-of-roller-compacting-concrete-pavement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">625</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Iranian Refinery Vacuum Residue Upgrading Using Microwave Irradiation: Effects of Catalyst Type and Amount</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zarrin%20Nasri">Zarrin Nasri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microwave irradiation is an innovative technology in the petroleum industry. This kind of energy has been considered to convert vacuum residue of oil refineries into useful products. The advantages of microwaves energy are short time, fast heating, high energy efficiency, and precise process control. In this paper, the effects of catalyst type and amount have been investigated on upgrading of vacuum residue using microwave irradiation. The vacuum residue used in this research is from Tehran oil refinery, Iran. Additives include different catalysts, active carbon as sensitizer, and sodium borohydride as a solid hydrogen donor. Various catalysts contain iron, nickel, molybdenum disulfide, iron oxide and copper. The amount of catalysts in two cases of presence and absence of sodium borohydride have been evaluated. The objective parameters include temperature, asphaltene, viscosity, and API. The specifications of vacuum residue are API, 8.79, viscosity, 16391 cSt (60°C), asphaltene, 13.3 wt %. The results show that there is a significant difference between the effects of catalysts. Among the used catalysts, Fe powder is the best catalyst for upgrading vacuum residue using microwave irradiation and resulted in asphaltene reduction, 31.3 %; viscosity reduction, 76.43 %; and 23.43 % in API increase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphaltene" title="asphaltene">asphaltene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave" title=" microwave"> microwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upgrading" title=" upgrading"> upgrading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20residue" title=" vacuum residue"> vacuum residue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81731/iranian-refinery-vacuum-residue-upgrading-using-microwave-irradiation-effects-of-catalyst-type-and-amount" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Oxygen and Sulfur Isotope Composition of Gold Bearing Granite Gneiss and Quartz Veins of Megele Area, Western Ethiopia: Implication for Fluid Source</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temesgen%20Oljira">Temesgen Oljira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olugbenga%20Akindeji%20Okunlola"> Olugbenga Akindeji Okunlola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akinade%20Shadrach%20Olatunji"> Akinade Shadrach Olatunji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dereje%20Ayalew"> Dereje Ayalew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bekele%20A.%20Bedada"> Bekele A. Bedada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tasin%20Godlove%20Bafon"> Tasin Godlove Bafon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Megele area gold-bearing Neoproterozoic rocks in the Western Ethiopian Shield has been under exploration for the last few decades. The geochemical and ore petrological characterization of the gold-bearing granite gneiss and associated quartz vein is crucial in understanding the gold's genesis. The present study concerns the ore petrological, geochemical, and stable O2 and S characterization of the gold-bearing granite gneiss and associated quartz vein. This area is known for its long history of placer gold mining. The presence of quartz veins of different generations and orientations, visible sulfide mineralization, and oxidation suggests that the Megele area is geologically fertile for mineralization. The Au and base metals analysis also indicate that Megele area rocks are characterized by Cu (2-22 ppm av. 7.83 ppm), Zn (2-53 ppm av. 29.33 ppm), Co (1-27 ppm av. 13.33 ppm), Ni (2-16 ppm av. 10 ppm), Pb (5-10 ppm av. 8.33 ppm), Au (1-5 ppb av. 2.11 ppb), Ag (0.5 ppm), As (5-12 ppm av. 7.83 ppm), Cd (0.5ppm), Li (0.5 ppm), Mo (1-4 ppm av. 1.6 ppm), Sc (5-13 ppm av. 9.3 ppm), and Tl (10 ppm). The oxygen isotope (δ18O) values of gold-bearing granite gneiss and associated quartz veins range from +8.6 to +11.5 ‰, suggesting the mixing of metamorphic water with magmatic water within the ore-forming fluid. The Sulfur isotope (δ34S) values of gold-bearing granite gneiss range from -1.92 to -0.45 ‰ (mean value of -1.13 ‰) indicating the narrow range of value. This suggests that the sulfides have been precipitated from the fluid system originating from a single source of the magmatic component under sulfur isotopic fractionation equilibrium condition. The tectonic setting of the host rocks, the occurrence of ore bodies, mineral assemblages of the host rocks and proposed ore-forming fluids of the Megele area gold prospects have similarities with features of orogenic gold deposit. The δ18O and δ34S isotopic values also suggested a metamorphic origin with the magmatic components. Thus, the Megele gold prospect could be related to an orogenic gold deposit related to metamorphism and associated intrusions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20source" title="fluid source">fluid source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20mineralization" title=" gold mineralization"> gold mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20isotope" title=" oxygen isotope"> oxygen isotope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stable%20isotope" title=" stable isotope"> stable isotope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfur%20isotope" title=" sulfur isotope"> sulfur isotope</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169023/oxygen-and-sulfur-isotope-composition-of-gold-bearing-granite-gneiss-and-quartz-veins-of-megele-area-western-ethiopia-implication-for-fluid-source" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Evaluation of Pile Performance in Different Layers of Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orod%20Zarrin">Orod Zarrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohesn%20Ramezan%20Shirazi"> Mohesn Ramezan Shirazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Moniri"> Hassan Moniri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of pile foundations technique is developed to support structures and buildings on soft soil. The most important dynamic load that can affect the pile structure is earthquake vibrations. Pile foundations during earthquake excitation indicate that piles are subject to damage by affecting the superstructure integrity and serviceability. During an earthquake, two types of stresses can damage the pile head, inertial load that is caused by superstructure and deformation which caused by the surrounding soil. Soil deformation and inertial load are associated with the acceleration developed in an earthquake. The acceleration amplitude at the ground surface depends on the magnitude of earthquakes, soil properties and seismic source distance. According to the investigation, the damage is between the liquefiable and non-liquefiable layers and also soft and stiff layers. This damage crushes the pile head by increasing the inertial load which is applied by the superstructure. On the other hand, the cracks on the piles due to the surrounding soil are directly related to the soil profile and causes cracks from small to large. However, the large cracks reason have been listed such as liquefaction, lateral spreading, and inertial load. In the field of designing, elastic response of piles is always a challenge for designer in liquefaction soil, by allowing deflection at top of piles. Moreover, absence of plastic hinges in piles should be insured, because the damage in the piles is not observed directly. In this study, the performance and behavior of pile foundations during liquefaction and lateral spreading are investigated. In addition, emphasize on the soil behavior in the liquefiable and non-liquefiable layers by different aspect of piles damage such as ranking, location and degree of damage are going to discuss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile" title="pile">pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title=" earthquake"> earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefaction" title=" liquefaction"> liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-liquefiable" title=" non-liquefiable"> non-liquefiable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title=" damage"> damage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46209/evaluation-of-pile-performance-in-different-layers-of-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> The Investigation of Fiber Reinforcement Self-Compacting Concrete and Fiber Reinforcement Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orod%20Zarrin">Orod Zarrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohesn%20Ramezan%20Shirazi"> Mohesn Ramezan Shirazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Moniri"> Hassan Moniri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of pile foundations technique is developed to support structures and buildings on soft soil. The most important dynamic load that can affect the pile structure is earthquake vibrations. From the 1960s the comprehensive investigation of pile foundations during earthquake excitation indicate that, piles are subject to damage by affecting the superstructure integrity and serviceability. The main part of these research has been focused on the behavior of liquefiable soil and lateral spreading load on piles. During an earthquake, two types of stresses can damage the pile head, inertial load that is caused by superstructure and deformation which caused by the surrounding soil. Soil deformation and inertial load are associated with the acceleration developed in an earthquake. The acceleration amplitude at the ground surface depends on the magnitude of earthquakes, soil properties and seismic source distance. According to the investigation, the damage is between the liquefiable and non-liquefiable layers and also soft and stiff layers. This damage crushes the pile head by increasing the inertial load which is applied by the superstructure. On the other hand, the cracks on the piles due to the surrounding soil are directly related to the soil profile and causes cracks from small to large. And researchers have been listed the large cracks reason such as liquefaction, lateral spreading and inertial load. In the field of designing, elastic response of piles are always a challenge for designer in liquefaction soil, by allowing deflection at top of piles. Moreover, absence of plastic hinges in piles should be insured, because the damage in the piles is not observed directly. In this study, the performance and behavior of pile foundations during liquefaction and lateral spreading are investigated. And emphasize on the soil behavior in the liquefiable and non-liquefiable layers by different aspect of piles damage such as ranking, location and degree of damage are going to discuss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-compacting%20concrete" title="self-compacting concrete">self-compacting concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber" title=" fiber"> fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-cracking" title=" post-cracking"> post-cracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20and%20inverse%20technique" title=" direct and inverse technique"> direct and inverse technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46208/the-investigation-of-fiber-reinforcement-self-compacting-concrete-and-fiber-reinforcement-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> 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