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class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Prif ddewislen </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Prif ddewislen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Panel llywio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hafan" title="Ymweld â'r Hafan [z]" accesskey="z">Hafan</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Porth_y_Gymuned" title="Pethau i'w gwneud, adnoddau a thudalennau'r gymuned">Porth y Gymuned</a></li><li id="n-cafe" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Y_Caffi">Y Caffi</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categori:Materion_cyfoes" title="Gwybodaeth yn gysylltiedig â materion cyfoes">Materion cyfoes</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChanges" title="Rhestr y newidiadau diweddar ar y wici. [r]" accesskey="r">Newidiadau diweddar</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Random" title="Llwytho tudalen ar hap [x]" accesskey="x">Erthygl ar hap</a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Cymorth" title="Tudalennau cymorth">Cymorth</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hafan" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wicipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cy.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cy.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Chwilio </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Chwilio Wicipedia" aria-label="Chwilio Wicipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Arbennig:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Chwilio</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Offer personol"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Newidiwch ymddangosiad maint ffont, lled a lliw y dudalen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwedd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gwedd </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy" class="">Rhoi</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Sawdi+Arabia" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol" class="">Creu cyfrif</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Sawdi+Arabia" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Mewngofnodi</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Offer personol" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Offer personol </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dewislen defnyddiwr" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy">Rhoi</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Sawdi+Arabia" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol"> Creu cyfrif</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Sawdi+Arabia" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o"> Mewngofnodi</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tudalennau ar gyfer golygyddion allgofnodedig <a href="/wiki/Cymorth:Cyflwyniad" aria-label="Dysgu mwy am olygu">dysgu mwy</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyContributions" title="Rhestr golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [y]" accesskey="y">Cyfraniadau</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyTalk" title="Sgwrs ynglŷn â golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [n]" accesskey="n">Sgwrs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cynnwys" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cynnwys</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Y dechrau</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geirdarddiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geirdarddiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Geirdarddiad </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geirdarddiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hanes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Hanes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hanes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toglo is-adran Hanes </button> <ul id="toc-Hanes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cynhanes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cynhanes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Cynhanes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cynhanes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyn-Islamaidd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyn-Islamaidd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Cyn-Islamaidd </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyn-Islamaidd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oesoedd_Canol_a_dyfodiad_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oesoedd_Canol_a_dyfodiad_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Oesoedd Canol a dyfodiad Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oesoedd_Canol_a_dyfodiad_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sylfaen_llinach_Saud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sylfaen_llinach_Saud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Sylfaen llinach Saud </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sylfaen_llinach_Saud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Milwrol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Milwrol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Milwrol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Milwrol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daearyddiaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daearyddiaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Daearyddiaeth </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Daearyddiaeth-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toglo is-adran Daearyddiaeth </button> <ul id="toc-Daearyddiaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bioamrywiaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bioamrywiaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Bioamrywiaeth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bioamrywiaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Is-adrannau_gweinyddol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Is-adrannau_gweinyddol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Is-adrannau gweinyddol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Is-adrannau_gweinyddol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gwleidyddiaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gwleidyddiaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Gwleidyddiaeth </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gwleidyddiaeth-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toglo is-adran Gwleidyddiaeth </button> <ul id="toc-Gwleidyddiaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hawliau_dynol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hawliau_dynol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Hawliau dynol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hawliau_dynol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iaith_a_diwylliant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iaith_a_diwylliant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Iaith a diwylliant </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iaith_a_diwylliant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Economi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toglo is-adran Economi </button> <ul id="toc-Economi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Merched" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merched"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Merched </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merched-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Addysg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Addysg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Addysg </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Addysg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyfeiriadau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyfeiriadau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Cyfeiriadau </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyfeiriadau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cynnwys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toglo'r tabl cynnwys" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toglo'r tabl cynnwys </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Sawdi Arabia</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ewch i erthygl mewn iaith arall. Ar gael mewn 267 iaith" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-267" aria-hidden="true" > 267 iaith </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi - Acehneg" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Arab Saudi" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Сауд Арабие - Circaseg Gorllewinol" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Сауд Арабие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Circaseg Gorllewinol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Saoedi-Arabië - Affricaneg" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Saoedi-Arabië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Affricaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-Arabien" title="Saudi-Arabien - Almaeneg y Swistir" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Saudi-Arabien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg y Swistir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B3%E1%8B%91%E1%8B%B2_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%A8%E1%89%A2%E1%8B%AB" title="ሳዑዲ አረቢያ - Amhareg" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሳዑዲ አረቢያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_arabia" title="Saudi arabia - Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Saudi arabia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita - Aragoneg" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Arabia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudisc_Arabea" title="Saudisc Arabea - Hen Saesneg" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Saudisc Arabea" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Hen Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawudi_Arebia" title="Sawudi Arebia - Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Sawudi Arebia" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC" title="सऊदी अरब - Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सऊदी अरब" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="السعودية - Arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السعودية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A3%DC%A5%DC%98%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܣܥܘܕܝܐ - Aramaeg" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܣܥܘܕܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="السعودية - Arabeg Moroco" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="السعودية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arabeg Moroco" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87" title="المملكه العربيه السعوديه - Arabeg yr Aifft" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المملكه العربيه السعوديه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arabeg yr Aifft" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%B1" title="চৌদি আৰৱ - Asameg" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চৌদি আৰৱ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Asameg" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita - Astwrianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arabia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Astwrianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="СагӀудиязул ГӀарабия - Afareg" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="СагӀудиязул ГӀарабия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Afareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC" title="सउदी अरब - Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="सउदी अरब" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99udiyy%C9%99_%C6%8Fr%C9%99bistan%C4%B1" title="Səudiyyə Ərəbistanı - Aserbaijaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Səudiyyə Ərəbistanı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaijaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سعودی عربیستان - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سعودی عربیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D2%93%D2%AF%D0%B4_%D2%92%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Сәғүд Ғәрәбстаны - Bashcorteg" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сәғүд Ғәрәбстаны" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashcorteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi - Balïeg" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Arab Saudi" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balïeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabien" title="Saudi Arabien - Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Saudi Arabien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauda_Arab%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Sauda Arabėjė - Samogiteg" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Sauda Arabėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogiteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabya" title="Saudi Arabya - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Saudi Arabya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Саудаўская Аравія - Belarwseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Саудаўская Аравія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Саудаўская Арабія - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Саудаўская Арабія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi - Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Arab Saudi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Саудитска Арабия - Bwlgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Саудитска Арабия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bwlgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC" title="सउदी अरब - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सउदी अरब" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arebia" title="Saudi Arebia - Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Saudi Arebia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="သော်ဒီအာရေးဗီးယားခမ်းထီ - Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သော်ဒီအာရေးဗီးယားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudia_Arabu_ka_Faamamara" title="Saudia Arabu ka Faamamara - Bambareg" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Saudia Arabu ka Faamamara" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC" title="সৌদি আরব - Bengaleg" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সৌদি আরব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="སའུ་དི་ཨ་ར་པི་ཡ། - Tibeteg" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སའུ་དི་ཨ་ར་པི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibeteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC" title="সৌদি আরব - Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="সৌদি আরব" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saoudat" title="Arabia Saoudat - Llydaweg" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arabia Saoudat" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Llydaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudijska_Arabija" title="Saudijska Arabija - Bosnieg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Saudijska Arabija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Arab Saudi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%85_%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%89%E1%A8%97" title="ᨕᨑᨅ ᨔᨕᨘᨉᨗ - Bwginaeg" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨕᨑᨅ ᨔᨕᨘᨉᨗ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bwginaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Саудай Арави - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Саудай Арави" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A0bia_Saudita" title="Aràbia Saudita - Catalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aràbia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Arabia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_%C4%80-l%C3%A1-b%C3%A1ik" title="Saudi Ā-lá-báik - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Saudi Ā-lá-báik" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D3%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C" title="СаӀудийн Ӏаьрбийчоь - Tsietsieneg" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="СаӀудийн Ӏаьрбийчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsietsieneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudinhong_Arabiya" title="Saudinhong Arabiya - Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Saudinhong Arabiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%8C%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%97_%E1%8E%A1%E1%8E%B4%E1%8F%88%E1%8E%A0" title="ᏌᎤᏗ ᎡᎴᏈᎠ - Tsierocî" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏌᎤᏗ ᎡᎴᏈᎠ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Tsierocî" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="عەرەبستانی سعوودی - Cwrdeg Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="عەرەبستانی سعوودی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita - Corseg" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Arabia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudiy_Arabistan" title="Saudiy Arabistan - Tyrceg y Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Saudiy Arabistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg y Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%C3%BAdsk%C3%A1_Ar%C3%A1bie" title="Saúdská Arábie - Tsieceg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Saúdská Arábie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsieceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saud%C3%ABjsk%C3%B4_Arabij%C3%B4" title="Saudëjskô Arabijô - Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Saudëjskô Arabijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Сауд Аравийĕ - Tshwfasheg" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сауд Аравийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tshwfasheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-Arabien" title="Saudi-Arabien - Daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Saudi-Arabien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-Arabien" title="Saudi-Arabien - Almaeneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Saudi-Arabien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ereb%C4%B1stan%C3%AA_Seudi" title="Erebıstanê Seudi - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Erebıstanê Seudi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-Arabska" title="Saudi-Arabska - Sorbeg Isaf" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Saudi-Arabska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbeg Isaf" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi - Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Arab Saudi" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC" title="साउदी अरब - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="साउदी अरब" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%AB%DE%8B%DE%A9_%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%84%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%94%DE%A7" title="ސައޫދީ އަރަބިއްޔާ - Difehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސައޫދީ އަރަބިއްޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Difehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8B" title="སའུ་དི་ཨེ་ར་སྦི་ཡ་ - Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="སའུ་དི་ཨེ་ར་སྦི་ཡ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Σαουδική Αραβία - Groeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαουδική Αραβία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Groeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Saesneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauda_Arabio" title="Sauda Arabio - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sauda Arabio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita - Sbaeneg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arabia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Araabia" title="Saudi Araabia - Estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saudi Araabia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Basgeg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita - Extremadureg" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Arabia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadureg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="عربستان سعودی - Perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عربستان سعودی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarabe_Sawdiyanke" title="Aarabe Sawdiyanke - Ffwla" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Aarabe Sawdiyanke" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Ffwla" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-Arabia" title="Saudi-Arabia - Ffinneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saudi-Arabia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Ffinneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Araabia" title="Saudi Araabia - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Saudi Araabia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudiarabia" title="Saudiarabia - Ffaröeg" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Saudiarabia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Ffaröeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabie_saoudite" title="Arabie saoudite - Ffrangeg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arabie saoudite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Ffrangeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_saoudita" title="Arabia saoudita - Arpitaneg" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Arabia saoudita" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-Araabien" title="Saudi-Araabien - Ffriseg Gogleddol" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Saudi-Araabien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Gogleddol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%C3%BBdy-Araabje" title="Saûdy-Araabje - Ffriseg y Gorllewin" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Saûdy-Araabje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg y Gorllewin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Araib_Sh%C3%A1dach" title="An Araib Shádach - Gwyddeleg" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Araib Shádach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Gwyddeleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabiya" title="Saudi Arabiya - Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Saudi Arabiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯 - Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="沙特阿拉伯" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabi_Saoudit" title="Arabi Saoudit - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Arabi Saoudit" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A0ibia_nan_Sabhd" title="Aràibia nan Sabhd - Gaeleg yr Alban" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aràibia nan Sabhd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaeleg yr Alban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita - Galisieg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arabia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A1via_Saud%C3%ADta" title="Arávia Saudíta - Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Arávia Saudíta" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सौदी अरेबिया - Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="सौदी अरेबिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi - Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Arab Saudi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="સાઉદી અરેબિયા - Gwjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સાઉદી અરેબિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gwjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Araab_Saudi" title="Yn Araab Saudi - Manaweg" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Araab Saudi" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arebiya" title="Saudi Arebiya - Hawsa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Saudi Arebiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hawsa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_%C3%82-l%C3%A2-pak" title="Saudi Â-lâ-pak - Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Saudi Â-lâ-pak" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_%CA%BBAlapia" title="Saudi ʻAlapia - Hawäieg" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Saudi ʻAlapia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawäieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ערב הסעודית - Hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ערב הסעודית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC" title="सउदी अरब - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सउदी अरब" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudijska_Arabija" title="Saudijska Arabija - Croateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Saudijska Arabija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawdi-Arabska" title="Sawdi-Arabska - Sorbeg Uchaf" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Sawdi-Arabska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbeg Uchaf" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabi_Sawoudit" title="Arabi Sawoudit - Creol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Arabi Sawoudit" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sza%C3%BAd-Ar%C3%A1bia" title="Szaúd-Arábia - Hwngareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szaúd-Arábia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hwngareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Սաուդյան Արաբիա - Armeneg" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սաուդյան Արաբիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A7%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Սէուտական Արաբիա - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սէուտական Արաբիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita - Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Arabia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi - Ibaneg" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Arab Saudi" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Ibaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi - Indoneseg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arab Saudi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Ilocaneg" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilocaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D3%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BA" title="СаӀудий Ӏарбий мохк - Ingwsieg" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="СаӀудий Ӏарбий мохк" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingwsieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-Arabia" title="Saudi-Arabia - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Saudi-Arabia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1di-Arab%C3%ADa" title="Sádi-Arabía - Islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sádi-Arabía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita - Eidaleg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arabia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Eidaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2" title="サウジアラビア - Japaneeg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サウジアラビア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadi_Ariebia" title="Saadi Ariebia - Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Saadi Ariebia" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/djogu%27e" title="djogu'e - Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="djogu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi - Jafanaeg" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Arab Saudi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jafanaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="საუდის არაბეთი - Georgeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საუდის არაბეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudiya_Arabstan%C4%B1" title="Saudiya Arabstanı - Cara-Calpaceg" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Saudiya Arabstanı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Cara-Calpaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C9%9Budiya" title="Suɛudiya - Cabileg" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Suɛudiya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Cabileg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Сауд Хьэрыпей - Cabardieg" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Сауд Хьэрыпей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Cabardieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabii-Sah%CA%8Aditi" title="Arabii-Sahʊditi - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Arabii-Sahʊditi" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%CC%B1udi_A%CC%B1rabya" title="Sa̱udi A̱rabya - Tyapeg" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Sa̱udi A̱rabya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyapeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Congo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Congo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Arab Saudi" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Сауд Арабиясы - Casacheg" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сауд Арабиясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Casacheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F" title="អារ៉ាប៊ីសាអ៊ូឌីត - Chmereg" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អារ៉ាប៊ីសាអ៊ូឌីត" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Chmereg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ಸೌದಿ ಅರೇಬಿಯಾ - Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೌದಿ ಅರೇಬಿಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%B0%EB%94%94%EC%95%84%EB%9D%BC%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="사우디아라비아 - Coreeg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사우디아라비아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сауд Арабия - Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Сауд Арабия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%97%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="سوٗدی عرب - Cashmireg" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سوٗدی عرب" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Cashmireg" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erebistana_Si%C3%BBd%C3%AE" title="Erebistana Siûdî - Cwrdeg" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Erebistana Siûdî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Саудса Аравия - Comi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Саудса Аравия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Comi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabi_Saoudek" title="Arabi Saoudek - Cernyweg" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Arabi Saoudek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cernyweg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Сауд Арабиясы - Cirgiseg" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сауд Арабиясы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Cirgiseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita - Lladin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Arabia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Lladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita - Iddew-Sbaeneg" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Arabia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Iddew-Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-Arabien" title="Saudi-Arabien - Lwcsembwrgeg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Saudi-Arabien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lwcsembwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%90%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Саоьдуллал Аьрабусттан - Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Саоьдуллал Аьрабусттан" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сауди Арабистан - Lezgheg" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Сауди Арабистан" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudi" title="Arabia Saudi - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Arabia Saudi" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Saoedi-Arabië - Limbwrgeg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Saoedi-Arabië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limbwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saud%C3%AFa" title="Arabia Saudïa - Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Arabia Saudïa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_di_Saudi" title="Arabia di Saudi - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Arabia di Saudi" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita - Lombardeg" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Arabia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudo_Arabija" title="Saudo Arabija - Lithwaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Saudo Arabija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithwaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%C5%ABda_Ar%C4%81bija" title="Saūda Arābija - Latfieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Saūda Arābija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latfieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi - Madwreg" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Arab Saudi" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madwreg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC" title="साउदी अरब - Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="साउदी अरब" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Arab Saudi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Саудонь Арабия - Mocsia" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Саудонь Арабия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Mocsia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saodita" title="Arabia Saodita - Malagaseg" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Arabia Saodita" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagaseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Сауд Аравий - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Сауд Аравий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauti_Ar%C4%81pia" title="Hauti Arāpia - Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hauti Arāpia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi - Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Arab Saudi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Саудиска Арабија - Macedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Саудиска Арабија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="സൗദി അറേബ്യ - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൗദി അറേബ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Саудын Араб - Mongoleg" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Саудын Араб" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8E%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯁꯥꯎꯗꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯌꯥ - Manipwri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯥꯎꯗꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipwri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सौदी अरेबिया - Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सौदी अरेबिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi - Maleieg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Arab Saudi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabja_Sawdija" title="Arabja Sawdija - Malteg" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Arabja Sawdija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita" title="Arábia Saudita - Mirandeg" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Arábia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဆော်ဒီအာရေးဘီးယားနိုင်ငံ - Byrmaneg" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆော်ဒီအာရေးဘီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Byrmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Саудовонь Аравия - Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Саудовонь Аравия" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="سعودی عربستون - Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سعودی عربستون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-Arabien" title="Saudi-Arabien - Almaeneg Isel" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Saudi-Arabien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC" title="साउदी अरब - Nepaleg" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="साउदी अरब" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="साउदी अरबिया - Newaeg" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="साउदी अरबिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Saoedi-Arabië - Iseldireg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Saoedi-Arabië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Iseldireg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-Arabia" title="Saudi-Arabia - Norwyeg Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Saudi-Arabia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-Arabia" title="Saudi-Arabia - Norwyeg Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Saudi-Arabia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9B%DF%8E%DF%B0%DF%98%DF%8E%DF%AC%DF%9F%DF%8A%DF%AB" title="ߛߎ߰ߘߎ߬ߟߊ߫ - N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߛߎ߰ߘߎ߬ߟߊ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabie_Saudi" title="Arabie Saudi - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Arabie Saudi" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81s%C3%A1%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah_Ntsaa%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Ásáí Dineʼé Bikéyah Ntsaaígíí - Nafaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ásáí Dineʼé Bikéyah Ntsaaígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Nafaho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita - Ocsitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arabia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ocsitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabii" title="Saudi Arabii - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Saudi Arabii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%27ud_Arabiyaa" title="Sa'ud Arabiyaa - Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sa'ud Arabiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BF_%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%AC" title="ସାଉଦି ଆରବ - Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସାଉଦି ଆରବ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1" title="Сауды Арабб - Oseteg" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сауды Арабб" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Oseteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC" title="ਸਾਊਦੀ ਅਰਬ - Pwnjabeg" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਊਦੀ ਅਰਬ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pwnjabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudita_Arabia" title="Saudita Arabia - Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Saudita Arabia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita - Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Arabia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabie_saoudite" title="Arabie saoudite - Picardeg" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Arabie saoudite" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Almaeneg Pensylfania" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg Pensylfania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC" title="सऊदी अरब - Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="सऊदी अरब" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Erabia" title="Saudi Erabia - Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Saudi Erabia" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudyjska" title="Arabia Saudyjska - Pwyleg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arabia Saudyjska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pwyleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saodita" title="Arabia Saodita - Piedmonteg" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Arabia Saodita" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmonteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="سعودی عرب - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سعودی عرب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سعودي عربستان - Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سعودي عربستان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita" title="Arábia Saudita - Portiwgaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arábia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portiwgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawutya_Arapya" title="Sawutya Arapya - Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sawutya Arapya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita - Románsh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Arabia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Románsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudit%C4%83" title="Arabia Saudită - Rwmaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arabia Saudită" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rwmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudesc%C3%A3" title="Arabia Saudescã - Aromaneg" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Arabia Saudescã" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabie_Saudite" title="Arabie Saudite - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Arabie Saudite" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Саудовская Аравия - Rwseg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Саудовская Аравия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Саудьска Арабія - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Саудьска Арабія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabiya_Sawudite" title="Arabiya Sawudite - Ciniarŵandeg" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Arabiya Sawudite" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Ciniarŵandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC" title="सऊदी अरब - Sansgrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सऊदी अरब" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sansgrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сауд Арабията - Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сауд Арабията" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱥᱳᱣᱫᱤ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ - Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱳᱣᱫᱤ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A0bia_Saudita" title="Aràbia Saudita - Sardeg" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Aràbia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabbia_Saudita" title="Arabbia Saudita - Sisileg" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Arabbia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisileg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabie" title="Saudi Arabie - Sgoteg" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Saudi Arabie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Sgoteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="سعودي عرب - Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سعودي عرب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-Arabia" title="Saudi-Arabia - Sami Gogleddol" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Saudi-Arabia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Gogleddol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudijska_Arabija" title="Saudijska Arabija - Serbo-Croateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Saudijska Arabija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagldit_Tasa%C9%9Budit" title="Tagldit Tasaɛudit - Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tagldit Tasaɛudit" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B1%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%A2%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းသေႃႇတီႇဢႃႇရေးပီးယႃး - Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းသေႃႇတီႇဢႃႇရေးပီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="සෞදි අරාබිය - Sinhaleg" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෞදි අරාබිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudsk%C3%A1_Ar%C3%A1bia" title="Saudská Arábia - Slofaceg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Saudská Arábia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slofaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="سعودی عرب - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="سعودی عرب" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudova_Arabija" title="Saudova Arabija - Slofeneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Saudova Arabija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slofeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-Arabia" title="Saudi-Arabia - Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Saudi-Arabia" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudhi_Arabhia" title="Saudhi Arabhia - Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Saudhi Arabhia" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacuudi_Carabiya" title="Sacuudi Carabiya - Somaleg" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sacuudi Carabiya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudite" title="Arabia Saudite - Albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arabia Saudite" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Саудијска Арабија - Serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Саудијска Арабија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Arabhiya" title="I-Arabhiya - Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="I-Arabhiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-Arabien" title="Saudi-Arabien - Ffriseg Saterland" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Saudi-Arabien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Saterland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Swndaneg" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Swndaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudiarabien" title="Saudiarabien - Swedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Saudiarabien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudia" title="Saudia - Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Saudia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudyjsk%C5%8F_Arabij%C5%8F" title="Saudyjskŏ Arabijŏ - Silesieg" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Saudyjskŏ Arabijŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="சவூதி அரேபியா - Tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சவூதி அரேபியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_arabia" title="Saudi arabia - Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Saudi arabia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="సౌదీ అరేబియా - Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సౌదీ అరేబియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita" title="Arábia Saudita - Tetumeg" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Arábia Saudita" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetumeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Арабистони Саудӣ - Tajiceg" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Арабистони Саудӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajiceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศซาอุดีอาระเบีย - Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศซาอุดีอาระเบีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%91%E1%8B%B2_%E1%8B%93%E1%88%A8%E1%89%A5" title="ስዑዲ ዓረብ - Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ስዑዲ ዓረብ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saud_Arabystan" title="Saud Arabystan - Tyrcmeneg" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Saud Arabystan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Tyrcmeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99udi_%C6%8Fr%C9%99bistan" title="Səudi Ərəbistan - Talysheg" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Səudi Ərəbistan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauti_%CA%BBAlepea" title="Sauti ʻAlepea - Tongeg" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Sauti ʻAlepea" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suudi_Arabistan" title="Suudi Arabistan - Tyrceg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Suudi Arabistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%99%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Согуд Гарәбстаны - Tatareg" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Согуд Гарәбстаны" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Twmbwca" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Twmbwca" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сауд Аравия - Fotiaceg" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Сауд Аравия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Fotiaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%A6%DB%87%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سەئۇدى ئەرەبىستان - Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سەئۇدى ئەرەبىستان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Саудівська Аравія - Wcreineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Саудівська Аравія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Wcreineg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="سعودی عرب - Wrdw" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سعودی عرب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Wrdw" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudiya_Arabistoni" title="Saudiya Arabistoni - Wsbeceg" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Saudiya Arabistoni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Wsbeceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saud%C3%ACa" title="Arabia Saudìa - Feniseg" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Arabia Saudìa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Feniseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudan_Arabii" title="Saudan Arabii - Feps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Saudan Arabii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Feps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A2_R%E1%BA%ADp_X%C3%AA_%C3%9At" title="Ả Rập Xê Út - Fietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ả Rập Xê Út" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Fietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauda-Larab%C3%A4n" title="Sauda-Larabän - Folapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sauda-Larabän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Folapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia - Winarayeg" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Saudi Arabia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Winarayeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araabi_Sawdit" title="Araabi Sawdit - Woloff" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Araabi Sawdit" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Woloff" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯 - Wu Tsieineaidd" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="沙特阿拉伯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tsieineaidd" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="საუდიშ არაბეთი - Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="საუდიშ არაბეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A2" title="סאודי אראביע - Iddew-Almaeneg" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סאודי אראביע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Iddew-Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1%C3%BAd%C3%AD_Ar%C3%A1b%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Sáúdí Arábíà - Iorwba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Sáúdí Arábíà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Iorwba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Ahlazbwz" title="Saudi Ahlazbwz - Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Saudi Ahlazbwz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saoedi-Araobi%C3%AB" title="Saoedi-Araobië - Zêlandeg" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Saoedi-Araobië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zêlandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%84%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵜ - Tamaseit Moroco Safonol" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamaseit Moroco Safonol" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯 - Tsieinëeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沙特阿拉伯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tsieinëeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯 - Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="沙特阿拉伯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_A-la-pek" title="Saudi A-la-pek - Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Saudi A-la-pek" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%9C%B0%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙地阿拉伯 - Cantoneeg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="沙地阿拉伯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantoneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q851#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Golygu dolenni rhyngwici" class="wbc-editpage">Golygu dolenni</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Parthau"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sawdi_Arabia" title="Gweld y dudalen bwnc [c]" accesskey="c">Erthygl</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sgwrs:Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Sgwrsio am y dudalen (dim tudalen ar gael) [t]" accesskey="t">Sgwrs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Newid amrywiad iaith" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Cymraeg </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Golygon"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sawdi_Arabia">Darllen</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v">Golygu</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e">Golygu cod</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=history" title="Fersiynau cynt o'r dudalen hon. [h]" accesskey="h">Gweld hanes</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Blwch offer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Blwch offer </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Blwch offer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gweithredoedd </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sawdi_Arabia">Darllen</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v">Golygu</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e">Golygu cod</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=history">Gweld hanes</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cyffredinol </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:WhatLinksHere/Sawdi_Arabia" title="Rhestr o bob tudalen sy'n cysylltu â hon [j]" accesskey="j">Beth sy'n cysylltu yma</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChangesLinked/Sawdi_Arabia" rel="nofollow" title="Newidiadau diweddar i dudalennau sydd yn cysylltu â hon [k]" accesskey="k">Newidiadau perthnasol</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:SpecialPages" title="Rhestr o'r holl dudalennau arbennig [q]" accesskey="q">Tudalennau arbennig</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&oldid=13291922" title="Dolen barhaol i'r fersiwn hwn y dudalen hon">Dolen barhaol</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=info" title="Mwy o wybodaeth am y dudalen hon">Gwybodaeth am y dudalen</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CiteThisPage&page=Sawdi_Arabia&id=13291922&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Gwybodaeth ar sut i gyfeirio at y dudalen hon">Cyfeirio at y dudalen hon</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSawdi_Arabia">Cael URL byr</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSawdi_Arabia">Lawrlwytho cod QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Argraffu / allforio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Sawdi+Arabia">Llunio llyfr</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sawdi_Arabia&action=show-download-screen">Lawrlwytho fel PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&printable=yes" title="Cynhyrchwch fersiwn o'r dudalen yn barod at ei hargraffu [p]" accesskey="p">Fersiwn argraffu</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mewn prosiectau eraill </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" hreflang="en">Comin Wikimedia</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q851" title="Cysylltu i eitem ystorfa gysylltiedig [g]" accesskey="g">Eitem Wicidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gwedd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Oddi ar Wicipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cy" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><caption>Sawdi Arabia</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="662" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><big>Teyrnas Sawdi Arabia (KSA) المملكة العربية السعودية (<a href="/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg">Arabeg</a>) Ynganiad: al-Mamlaka al-ʿArabiyya as-Suʿūdiyya</big></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/170px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/255px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/340px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Arwyddair</th><td>Nid oes Dainoni ond Duw <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P1451" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Math</th><td>gwladwriaeth sofran, teyrnas, <a href="/wiki/Gwlad" title="Gwlad">gwlad</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P31" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Enwyd ar ôl</th><td>Saud I <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P138" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div class="center"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="LL-Q7026_(cat)-Millars-Aràbia_Saudita.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Millars-Ar%C3%A0bia_Saudita.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Millars-Ar%C3%A0bia_Saudita.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Millars-Ar%C3%A0bia_Saudita.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Millars-Ar%C3%A0bia_Saudita.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Millars-Ar%C3%A0bia_Saudita.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Prifddinas</th><td><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P36" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Poblogaeth</th><td>33,000,000 <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P1082" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Sefydlwyd</th><td>1727 (Emiradau Diriyah)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Anthem</th><td>Llafargan Cenedl Sawdi <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P85" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Pennaeth llywodraeth</th><td><a href="/wiki/Salman,_brenin_Sawdi_Arabia" title="Salman, brenin Sawdi Arabia">Salman, brenin Sawdi Arabia</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P6" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Cylchfa amser</th><td>UTC+03:00, Asia/Riyadh <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P421" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Iaith/Ieithoedd   swyddogol</th><td><a href="/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg">Arabeg</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P37" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ddf;">Daearyddiaeth</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Rhan o'r canlynol</th><td><a href="/wiki/Y_Dwyrain_Canol" title="Y Dwyrain Canol">Y Dwyrain Canol</a>, <a href="/wiki/De-orllewin_Asia" title="De-orllewin Asia">De-orllewin Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwladwriaethau_Arabaidd_Gwlff_Persia" title="Gwladwriaethau Arabaidd Gwlff Persia">Gwladwriaethau Arabaidd Gwlff Persia</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P361" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Arwynebedd</th><td>2,250,000 ±1 km² <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P2046" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Gerllaw</th><td><a href="/wiki/Gwlff_Persia" title="Gwlff Persia">Gwlff Persia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y_M%C3%B4r_Coch" title="Y Môr Coch">Y Môr Coch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwlff_Aqaba" title="Gwlff Aqaba">Gwlff Aqaba</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P206" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Yn ffinio gyda</th><td><a href="/wiki/Gwlad_Iorddonen" title="Gwlad Iorddonen">Gwlad Iorddonen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coweit" title="Coweit">Coweit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catar" title="Catar">Catar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yr_Emiradau_Arabaidd_Unedig" title="Yr Emiradau Arabaidd Unedig">Yr Emiradau Arabaidd Unedig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iemen" title="Iemen">Iemen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irac" title="Irac">Irac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yr_Aifft" title="Yr Aifft">Yr Aifft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P47" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Cyfesurynnau</th><td>23.71667°N 44.11667°E <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P625" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ddf;">Gwleidyddiaeth</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Corff gweithredol</th><td>Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P208" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Corff deddfwriaethol</th><td>Prif Weinidog Sawdi Arabia <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P194" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Swydd pennaeth   y wladwriaeth</th><td><a href="/wiki/Brenhinoedd_Sawdi_Arabia" title="Brenhinoedd Sawdi Arabia">Brenhinoedd Sawdi Arabia</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P1906" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Pennaeth y wladwriaeth</th><td><a href="/wiki/Salman,_brenin_Sawdi_Arabia" title="Salman, brenin Sawdi Arabia">Salman, brenin Sawdi Arabia</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P35" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Swydd pennaeth   y Llywodraeth</th><td>Prif Weinidog Sawdi Arabia <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P1313" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Pennaeth y Llywodraeth</th><td><a href="/wiki/Salman,_brenin_Sawdi_Arabia" title="Salman, brenin Sawdi Arabia">Salman, brenin Sawdi Arabia</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P6" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="250" data-zoom="8" data-lat="23.71667" data-lon="44.11667" data-overlays="["_f2f863f02d318cde87d128edc4a7c77b68ce4af0"]" href="/wiki/Arbennig:Map/8/23.71667/44.11667/cy"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,23.71667,44.11667,280x250.png?lang=cy&domain=cy.wikipedia.org&title=Sawdi_Arabia&revid=13291922&groups=_f2f863f02d318cde87d128edc4a7c77b68ce4af0" width="280" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,23.71667,44.11667,280x250@2x.png?lang=cy&domain=cy.wikipedia.org&title=Sawdi_Arabia&revid=13291922&groups=_f2f863f02d318cde87d128edc4a7c77b68ce4af0 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:LocationSaudiArabia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/LocationSaudiArabia.svg/270px-LocationSaudiArabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/LocationSaudiArabia.svg/405px-LocationSaudiArabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/LocationSaudiArabia.svg/540px-LocationSaudiArabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Sefydlwydwyd gan</th><td>Founding Leaders of Saudi Arabia <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P112" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Crefydd/Enwad</th><td><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P140" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ddf;">Ariannol</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cynnyrch_mewnwladol_crynswth" title="Cynnyrch mewnwladol crynswth">Cyfanswm CMC (GDP)</a></th><td>$868,586 million, $1,108,149 million <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P2131" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Arian</th><td>Saudi riyal <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P38" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Canran y diwaith</th><td>11 ±1 canran <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P1198" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Cyfartaledd plant</th><td>2.765 <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P4841" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Mynegai_Datblygiad_Dynol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mynegai Datblygiad Dynol">Mynegai Datblygiad Dynol</a></th><td>0.875 <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851?uselang=cy#P1081" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Tudalen Comin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saudi_Arabia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Saudi Arabia">Ffeiliau perthnasol ar Comin</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851" class="extiw" title="d:Q851">golygwch ar Wicidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Gwlad" title="Gwlad">Gwlad</a> fawr ar orynys <a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabia</a> yn ne-orllewin <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> yw Teyrnas Sawdi Arabia' neu Sawdi Arabia (hefyd: Saudi Arabia; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabeg</a>: المملكة العربية السعودية‎; sef Al Mamlaka al ʻArabiyya as Suʻūdiyya). Hi yw'r wlad Arabaidd fwyaf yng <a href="/wiki/De-orllewin_Asia" title="De-orllewin Asia">Ngorllewin Asia</a> gydag oddeutu 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 mi sgw) a'r ail wlad Arabaidd fwyaf, yn dilyn <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>. Y gwledydd cyfagos yw <a href="/wiki/Irac" title="Irac">Irac</a> a <a href="/wiki/Ciwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciwait">Ciwait</a> i'r gogledd-ddwyrain, <a href="/wiki/Gwlad_Iorddonen" title="Gwlad Iorddonen">Gwlad Iorddonen</a> i'r gogledd-orllewin, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Emiradau_Arabaidd_Unedig" class="mw-redirect" title="Emiradau Arabaidd Unedig">Emiradau Arabaidd Unedig</a> i'r dwyrain a <a href="/wiki/Iemen" title="Iemen">Iemen</a> i'r de-orllewin. Mae gan Sawdi arfordir ar lan <a href="/wiki/Y_M%C3%B4r_Coch" title="Y Môr Coch">Y Môr Coch</a> i'r gorllewin a <a href="/wiki/Gwlff_Persia" title="Gwlff Persia">Gwlff Persia</a> i'r dwyrain. <a href="/wiki/Anialwch" title="Anialwch">Anialwch</a> yw'r rhan fwyaf o ganolbarth y wlad. <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a> yw'r brifddinas. Mae ei phoblogaeth oddeutu 28.7 million, gyda 8 miliwn o'r rheiny o'r tu allan i'r wlad.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-demo-4">[4]</a> Cyn i <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Saud">Ibn Saud</a> uno'r wlad yn 1932 roedd pedair ardal: <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a> a rhannau o Ddwyrain Arabia (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hasa (dim tudalen ar gael)">Al-Hasa</a>) a <a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Arabia (dim tudalen ar gael)">De Arabia</a> (ardal 'Asir).<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Llwyddodd i wneud hyn drwy gyfres o ymosodiadau milwrol gan gychwyn yn 1902 pan gymerodd <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a> drwy rym milwrol; Riyadh oedd hen ddinas ei hynafiaid - sef y teulu'r Saud. Brenhiniaeth absoliwt yw'r wlad ers hynny, wedi'i llywodraethu gydag <a href="/wiki/Islamiaeth" title="Islamiaeth">Islamiaeth</a> yn ganllaw gadarn a dylanwad y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wahhabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wahhabi (dim tudalen ar gael)">Wahhabi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Gelwir Sawdi Arabia weithiau'n "Wlad y Ddau Fosg", sef <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Masjid_al-Haram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Masjid al-Haram (dim tudalen ar gael)">Al-Masjid al-Haram</a> (yn <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>), a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (dim tudalen ar gael)">Al-Masjid an-Nabawi</a> (ym <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>), y ddau le mwyaf cysegredig yn Islam. Domineiddir y byd olew gan Sawdi Arabia, fel cynhyrchydd a gwerthwr olew ac yno mae'r ail ffynhonnell fwyaf o olew drwy'r byd.<a href="#cite_note-demo-4">[4]</a> Oherwydd yr arian a ddaw o'r diwydiant olew, ystyrir y wlad yn wlad gyfoethog iawn a'r economi'n 'incwm uchel'. Hon yw'r unig wlad Arabaidd sy'n aelod o'r grŵp G-20 a rhestrir hi'n 4ydd safle o ran gwariant y wlad ar <a href="/wiki/Arf" title="Arf">arfau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-8">[8]</a> Mae'n aelod o Gyngor Gweithredol y Gwlff, Mudiad Cydweithio islamaidd ac <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Fodd bynnag, mae'r wladwriaeth wedi denu beirniadaeth am amryw o resymau, gan gynnwys ei rôl yn Rhyfel Cartref Yemeni, <a href="/wiki/Terfysgaeth_a_noddir_gan_wladwriaethau" title="Terfysgaeth a noddir gan wladwriaethau">nawdd honedig i derfysgaeth Islamaidd</a> a'i record hawliau dynol gwael, sy'n cynnwys defnydd gormodol a rhagfarnllyd o'r gosb eithaf, methu mabwysiadu mesurau digonol yn erbyn masnachu pobl, gwahaniaethu yn erbyn lleiafrifoedd ac anffyddwyr crefyddol, a gwrthsemitiaeth, a'i ddehongliad caeth o gyfraith Shari'a.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Mae Sawdi Arabia yn cael ei ystyried yn bŵer rhanbarthol a chanolig.<a href="#cite_note-The_United_States_and_the_Great_Powers-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Economi Sawdi yw'r fwyaf yn y Dwyrain Canol a'r ddeunawfed fwyaf yn y byd.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Mae gan y wlad hefyd un o boblogaethau ieuengaf y byd, gyda thua 50% o'i phoblogaeth o 34.2 miliwn o dan 25 oed.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Yn ogystal â bod yn aelod o Gyngor Cydweithrediad y Gwlff, mae Saudi Arabia yn aelod gweithgar a sefydlol o'r <a href="/wiki/Y_Cenhedloedd_Unedig" title="Y Cenhedloedd Unedig">Cenhedloedd Unedig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sefydliad_dros_Gydweithio_Islamaidd" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefydliad dros Gydweithio Islamaidd">Sefydliad Cydweithrediad Islamaidd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y_Cynghrair_Arabaidd" title="Y Cynghrair Arabaidd">Cynghrair Arabaidd</a>, ac <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geirdarddiad">Geirdarddiad</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Golygu'r adran: Geirdarddiad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geirdarddiad">golygu cod</a>]</div> Yn dilyn uno <a href="/wiki/Teyrnas_Hijaz" title="Teyrnas Hijaz">Teyrnas Hejaz</a> a <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Nejd</a>, enwyd y wladwriaeth newydd yn al-Mamlakah al-ʿArabīyah fel-Saʿūdīyah (trawslythreniad o المملكة العربية السعودية mewn <a href="/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg">Arabeg</a>) trwy archddyfarniad brenhinol ar 23 Medi 1932 gan ei sylfaenydd, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Saud,_brenin_Sawdi_Arabia" title="Ibn Saud, brenin Sawdi Arabia">Abdulaziz bin Sawd</a>. Er bod hyn fel arfer yn cael ei gyfieithu fel "Teyrnas Sawdi Arabia",<a href="#cite_note-US_State_Dept_Saudi_Arabia-17">[17]</a> mae'n golygu'n llythrennol "y deyrnas Sawdi Arabaidd" ("the Saudi Arab kingdom") ,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> neu "Teyrnas Arabaidd Sawdi".<a href="#cite_note-Safran1988-19">[19]</a> Mae'r gair "Sawdi" yn deillio o'r elfen as-Saʿūdīyah yn <a href="/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg">enw Arabeg</a> y wlad, sy'n fath o ansoddair o'r enw nisba, a ffurfiwyd o enw dynastig teulu brenhinol Sawdi, yr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Llinach_Saud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llinach Saud (dim tudalen ar gael)">Al Sawd</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabeg</a>: آل سعود‎ ). Mae ei gynnwys yn cadarnhau'r farn fod y wlad yn eiddo personol i'r teulu brenhinol.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Yr enw Arabeg yw Al Saud a ffurfiwyd trwy ychwanegu'r gair Al, sy'n golygu "teulu..." neu "linach..."<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> (fel yn y Gymraeg "llinach Aberffro" neu "Deulu'r Tuduriaid"). Yn achos yr Al Saud, dyma Saud ibn Muhammad ibn Muqrin, tad sylfaenydd y llinach o'r <a href="/wiki/18g" class="mw-redirect" title="18g">18g</a>, Muhammad bin Saud.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hanes">Hanes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Golygu'r adran: Hanes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Hanes">golygu cod</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cynhanes">Cynhanes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Golygu'r adran: Cynhanes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Cynhanes">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Pergamon-Museum_-_Anthropomorphe_Stele_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Pergamon-Museum_-_Anthropomorphe_Stele_2.jpg/190px-Pergamon-Museum_-_Anthropomorphe_Stele_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Pergamon-Museum_-_Anthropomorphe_Stele_2.jpg/285px-Pergamon-Museum_-_Anthropomorphe_Stele_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Pergamon-Museum_-_Anthropomorphe_Stele_2.jpg/380px-Pergamon-Museum_-_Anthropomorphe_Stele_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption> Stela anthropomorffig (4ydd mileniwm CC), tywodfaen, 57x27 cm, o El-Maakir-Qaryat al-Kaafa ( Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Sawdi Arabia, <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a> )</figcaption></figure> Ceir tystiolaeth bod pobl yn byw ym Mhenrhyn Arabia tua 125,000 o flynyddoedd yn ôl.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Canfu astudiaeth yn 2011 fod y bodau dynol modern cyntaf i ymledu i'r dwyrain ar draws Asia wedi gadael Affrica tua 75,000 o flynyddoedd yn ôl ar draws y <a href="/wiki/Bab_al_Mandab" title="Bab al Mandab">Bab-el-Mandeb sy'n</a> cysylltu Corn Affrica ac Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Mae penrhyn Arabia'n cael ei ystyried yn ganolog i'n dealltwriaeth o <a href="/wiki/Esblygiad" title="Esblygiad">esblygiad</a> a gwasgariad yr <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">hominini</a>. Cafodd Arabia amrywiad amgylcheddol eithafol yn y <a href="/wiki/Cwaternaidd" title="Cwaternaidd">Cwaternaidd</a> a arweiniodd at newidiadau esblygiadol a demograffig dwys. Mae gan Arabia gofnod cyfoethog o'r <a href="/wiki/Hen_Oes_y_Cerrig_Isaf" title="Hen Oes y Cerrig Isaf">Hen Oes y Cerrig Isaf</a>, ac mae nifer y safleoedd tebyg i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oldowan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oldowan (dim tudalen ar gael)">Oldowan</a> yn y rhanbarth yn nodi'r rôl sylweddol yr oedd Arabia wedi'i chwarae yn meddiannu Ewrasia.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Yn y <a href="/wiki/Oes_Newydd_y_Cerrig" title="Oes Newydd y Cerrig">cyfnod Neolithig</a>, ffynnodd diwylliannau amlwg fel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Magar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Magar (dim tudalen ar gael)">Al-Magar</a>, yr oedd eu canolfan yn gorwedd yn Najd de-orllewinol yr oes fodern. Gellid ystyried Al-Magar yn "Chwyldro Neolithig" mewn gwybodaeth ddynol a sgiliau gwaith llaw.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Nodweddir y diwylliant fel un o'r cyntaf yn y byd i gynnwys <a href="/wiki/Amaethyddiaeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Amaethyddiaeth">dofi anifeiliaid</a> yn eang, yn enwedig y <a href="/wiki/Ceffyl" title="Ceffyl">ceffyl</a>, yn ystod y cyfnod Neolithig.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Ar wahân i geffylau, darganfuwyd anifeiliaid fel defaid, geifr, cŵn, yn enwedig <a href="/wiki/Salwci" title="Salwci">brîd</a> <a href="/wiki/Salwci" title="Salwci">Salwci</a>, estrys, hebogau a physgod ar ffurf cerfluniau cerrig ac engrafiadau creigiau. Gwnaed cerfluniau Al-Magar o garreg leol, ac mae'n ymddangos bod y cerfluniau wedi'u gosod mewn adeilad canolog a allai fod wedi chwarae rhan sylweddol ym mywyd cymdeithasol a chrefyddol y trigolion.  Ym mis Tachwedd 2017, darganfuwyd golygfeydd hela yn dangos delweddau o'r cŵn <a href="/wiki/Ci_Canaan" title="Ci Canaan">dof mwyaf tebygol, yn debyg i'r ci Canaan</a>, mewn lle o'r enw Shuwaymis, rhanbarth bryniog yng ngogledd-orllewin Saudi Arabia. Mae'r engrafiadau creigiau hyn yn dyddio'n ôl dros 8,000 o flynyddoedd, gan eu gwneud y darluniau cynharaf o gŵn yn y byd.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Ar ddiwedd y 4edd mileniwm CC, aeth Arabia i'r <a href="/wiki/Oes_yr_Efydd" title="Oes yr Efydd">Oes yr Efydd</a> ar ôl bod yn dyst i drawsnewidiadau syfrdanol; defnyddiwyd metelau yn helaeth, a nodweddwyd y cyfnod gan fannau claddu 2 m a ddilynwyd ar yr un pryd gan nifer o demlau, a oedd yn cynnwys llawer o gerfluniau annibynnol a baentiwyd yn wreiddiol yn goch.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Gellir cymharu dyfodiad Oes yr Efydd yma gyda Chymru - a ddechreuodd tua 2200 CC ac a ddaeth i ben tua 700 CC. Ym mis Mai 2021, cyhoeddodd archeolegwyr y gallai safle Acheulean 350,000 o flynyddoedd oed o'r enw An Nasim yn rhanbarth Hail fod y safle preswylio dynol hynaf yng ngogledd Sawdi Arabia. Darganfuwyd y safle gyntaf yn 2015 gan ddefnyddio synhwyro o bell a modelu palaeohydrolegol. Mae'n cynnwys dyddodion hen lynnoedd sy'n gysylltiedig â deunyddiau y <a href="/wiki/Pleistosen" title="Pleistosen">Pleistosen Canol.</a> Cafwyd hyd i 354 o arteffactau, bwyeill llaw ac offer carreg, a naddion gan ymchwilwyr yn darparu gwybodaeth am draddodiadau gwneud offer y dyn cynharaf a oedd yn byw yn Ne-orllewin Asia. Mae'r <a href="/wiki/Hen_Oes_y_Cerrig" title="Hen Oes y Cerrig">arteffactau Paleolithig</a> yn debyg i olion deunydd a ddaeth i'r wyneb ar safleoedd Acheulean yn Anialwch Nefud.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyn-Islamaidd">Cyn-Islamaidd</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyn-Islamaidd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Cyn-Islamaidd">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Statue_at_National_Museum_of_Korea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Statue_at_National_Museum_of_Korea.jpg/220px-Statue_at_National_Museum_of_Korea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Statue_at_National_Museum_of_Korea.jpg/330px-Statue_at_National_Museum_of_Korea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Statue_at_National_Museum_of_Korea.jpg/440px-Statue_at_National_Museum_of_Korea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Cerflun y "Gwas yn Addoli" (2500 CC), ychydig dros 1 fetr o uchedr (3 tr 3 modf) - llawer talach nag unrhyw fodel Mesopotamaidd neu Harappan. Llun trwy garedigrwydd Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Korea.<a href="#cite_note-Roads_of_Arabia_p._180-34">[34]</a></figcaption></figure> Erbyn diwedd Oes yr Efydd, roedd pobl a thir y Midian a'r Midianiaid yn rhan ogledd-orllewinol Sawdi Arabia; codnodir hyn yn y Beibl. Wedi'i ganoli yn Tabouk, roedd eu tiroedd yn ymestyn o Wadi Arabah yn y gogledd i ardal al-Wejh yn y de.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Prifddinas Midiaid oedd Qurayyah,<a href="#cite_note-ArnoldStrawn2016-36">[36]</a> a oedd yn cynnwys tref gaerog mawr 35 hectar ac oddi tano anheddiad gydag amddiffyniad ar ffurf wal, o 15 hectar. Cynhaliodd y ddinas gymaint â 10 i 12 mil o drigolion.<a href="#cite_note-Coogan2001-37">[37]</a> Darlunir y Midianiaid mewn dau ddigwyddiad mawr yn y Beibl sy'n adrodd am ddau ryfel rhwng Israel â Midian, tua'r 11g CC. Yn wleidyddol, roedd gan y Midianiaid strwythur datganoledig dan arweiniad pum brenin (Evi, Rekem, Tsur, Hur, a Reba), ac ymddengys bod yr enwau yn enwau mawr ar aneddiadau Midianaidd pwysig.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Midian_p._163-39">[39]</a> Roedd y Midianiaid crwydrol yn un o ecsbloetwyr cynharaf dofi camelod a'u galluogodd i lywio trwy diroedd sych a garw'r rhanbarth.<a href="#cite_note-Midian_p._163-39">[39]</a> Ar ddiwedd y <a href="/wiki/7_CC" title="7 CC">7g CC</a>, ymddangosodd teyrnas a ddaeth i'r yn bwer canolog yng ngogledd-orllewin Arabia. Dechreuodd fel sieciaeth (sheikdom) Dedan, a ddatblygodd i fod yn deyrnas llwyth Lihyan.<a href="#cite_note-Lihyan_p._192-40">[40]</a> Yng nghanol y <a href="/wiki/6g_CC" class="mw-redirect" title="6g CC">6g CC</a> roedd yr ardystiad cynharaf o gyfundrefn y wladwriaeth, Brenin Lihyan.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Yn ail gam y deyrnas gwelwyd trawsnewidiad Dedan yn deyrnas sy'n cwmpasu parth llawer ehangach a oedd yn nodi pinacl gwareiddiad Lihyan.<a href="#cite_note-Lihyan_p._192-40">[40]</a> Digwyddodd y drydedd wladwriaeth yn gynnar yn y <a href="/wiki/3g_CC" class="mw-redirect" title="3g CC">3g CC</a> gyda gweithgaredd economaidd llewyrchus rhwng y de a'r gogledd a barodd i Lihyan gael dylanwad enfawr.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Syrthiodd y Lihyaniaid i ddwylo'r Nabataeiaid tua 65 CC ar ôl atafaelu Hegra ac yna gorymdeithio i Tayma, ac i'w prifddinas Dedan yn <a href="/wiki/9_CC" title="9 CC">9 CC</a>. Rheolodd y Nabataeiaid diriogaethau mawr o ogledd Arabia nes bod eu parth wedi'i atodi gan yr <a href="/wiki/Yr_Ymerodraeth_Rufeinig" title="Yr Ymerodraeth Rufeinig">Ymerodraeth Rufeinig</a>, a'i ailenwyd yn <a href="/wiki/Arabia_Petraea" title="Arabia Petraea">Arabia Petraea</a>, ac a oresgynwyd dan lywodraeth y Rhufeiniaid tan 630.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oesoedd_Canol_a_dyfodiad_Islam">Oesoedd Canol a dyfodiad Islam</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Golygu'r adran: Oesoedd Canol a dyfodiad Islam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Oesoedd Canol a dyfodiad Islam">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Umayyad750ADloc.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Umayyad750ADloc.png/220px-Umayyad750ADloc.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Umayyad750ADloc.png/330px-Umayyad750ADloc.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Umayyad750ADloc.png/440px-Umayyad750ADloc.png 2x" data-file-width="1481" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption> Ar ei raddau mwyaf, roedd yr Califfiaeth Umayyad (661-750) yn gorchuddio 11,100,000 km<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> gyda 62 miliwn o bobl (29% o boblogaeth y byd),<a href="#cite_note-Blankinship-45">[45]</a> gan ei gwneud yn un o'r ymerodraethau mwyaf mewn hanes. Roedd hefyd yn fwy nag unrhyw ymerodraeth flaenorol mewn hanes.</figcaption></figure> Ychydig cyn dyfodiad <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, ar wahân i aneddiadau masnachu trefol (fel <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> a <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>), poblogwyd llawer o'r hyn a oedd i ddod yn Sawdi Arabia gan gymdeithasau llwythol bugeiliol crwydrol.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Ganwyd y proffwyd Islamaidd <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> ym Mecca tua 571 CE. Yn gynnar yn y <a href="/wiki/7g" class="mw-redirect" title="7g">7g</a>, unodd Muhammad wahanol lwythau’r penrhyn a chreu un grwp crefyddol Islamaidd.<a href="#cite_note-James_E._Lindsay_2005_33-47">[47]</a> Yn dilyn ei farwolaeth yn 632, ehangodd ei ddilynwyr y diriogaeth yn gyflym o dan lywodraeth Fwslimaidd y tu hwnt i Arabia, gan orchfygu rhannau helaeth o diriogaeth (o Benrhyn Iberia yn y gorllewin i Bacistan heddiw yn y dwyrain) mewn mater o ddegawdau. Yn fuan daeth Arabia yn rhanbarth mwy ymylol yn wleidyddol yn y byd Mwslemaidd wrth i'r ffocws symud i'r tiroedd helaeth a oedd newydd eu gorchfygu.<a href="#cite_note-James_E._Lindsay_2005_33-47">[47]</a> Sefydlodd <a href="/wiki/Arabiaid" title="Arabiaid">Arabiaid</a> sy'n tarddu o Sawdi Arabia heddiw, yr <a href="/wiki/Hijaz" title="Hijaz">Hijaz</a> yn benodol, y Califfiaeth Rashidun (632–661), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caliphate_Umayyad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caliphate Umayyad (dim tudalen ar gael)">Umayyad</a> (661-750), <a href="/wiki/Abassiaid" title="Abassiaid">Abassiaid</a> (750–1517) a'r <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatimid_Caliphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatimid Caliphate (dim tudalen ar gael)">Califfiaeth Fatimid</a> (909–1171). O'r 10g i ddechrau'r 20g, roedd Mecca a Medina o dan reolaeth Arabaidd lleol o'r enw Sharif o Fecca, ond ar adegau roedd y Sharif yn deyrngar i lywodraethwr un o'r ymerodraethau Islamaidd mawr yn Baghdad, Cairo neu Istanbul. Dychwelodd y rhan fwyaf o weddill yr hyn a ddaeth yn Sawdi Arabia i reolaeth lwythol, draddodiadol.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sylfaen_llinach_Saud">Sylfaen llinach Saud</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Golygu'r adran: Sylfaen llinach Saud" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Sylfaen llinach Saud">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Arabia,_Egypt,_Nubia_and_Abyssinia_1883_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Arabia%2C_Egypt%2C_Nubia_and_Abyssinia_1883_map.jpg/220px-Arabia%2C_Egypt%2C_Nubia_and_Abyssinia_1883_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Arabia%2C_Egypt%2C_Nubia_and_Abyssinia_1883_map.jpg/330px-Arabia%2C_Egypt%2C_Nubia_and_Abyssinia_1883_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Arabia%2C_Egypt%2C_Nubia_and_Abyssinia_1883_map.jpg/440px-Arabia%2C_Egypt%2C_Nubia_and_Abyssinia_1883_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5784" data-file-height="4926" /></a><figcaption>Map o Arabia a'r rhanbarth ehangach ym1883</figcaption></figure> Dechreuodd yr hyn a oedd i ddod yn 'deulu brenhinol Sawdi', a elwir yr Al Sawd, yn <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a> yng nghanol Arabia ym 1744, pan ymunodd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_bin_Saud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad bin Saud (dim tudalen ar gael)">Muhammad bin Saud</a>, sylfaenydd y llinach, â'r arweinydd crefyddol <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (dim tudalen ar gael)">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a>,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> sylfaenydd y mudiad Wahhabi, ffurf biwritanaidd lem o <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni Islam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Rhoddodd y gynghrair hon, a ffurfiwyd yn y 18g, ysgogiad ideolegol i ehangu Sawdi ac mae'n parhau i fod yn sail i reolaeth ddynastig o Sawdi Arabia heddiw.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Ehangodd y "wladwriaeth Saudi" gyntaf a sefydlwyd ym 1744 yn yr ardal o amgylch Riyadh, gan reoli'r rhan fwyaf o diriogaeth Sawdi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Ymosododd ar Karbala ym 1802 a chipio Mecca ym 1803, ond fe'i dinistriwyd erbyn 1818 gan ficeroy Otomanaidd yr Aifft, Mohammed Ali Pasha.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Sefydlwyd ail "wladwriaeth Saudi" lawer llai, a leolwyd yn bennaf yn Nejd, ym 1824. Trwy gydol gweddill y <a href="/wiki/19g" class="mw-redirect" title="19g">19g</a>, bu'r Al Sawd yn cystadlu yn erbyn rheolaeth ar y tu mewn i'r hyn a oedd i ddod yn Sawdi Arabia gyda theulu Arabaidd arall, yr Al Rashid, a oedd yn rheoli Emiradau Jabal Shammar. Erbyn 1891, roedd yr Al Rashid yn fuddugol a gyrrwyd yr Al Sawd ar ffo i <a href="/wiki/Coweit" title="Coweit">Coweit</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Ibn_Saud_(kuwait_1910).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ibn_Saud_%28kuwait_1910%29.jpg/220px-Ibn_Saud_%28kuwait_1910%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ibn_Saud_%28kuwait_1910%29.jpg/330px-Ibn_Saud_%28kuwait_1910%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Ibn_Saud_%28kuwait_1910%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Saud,_brenin_Sawdi_Arabia" title="Ibn Saud, brenin Sawdi Arabia">Abdulaziz Ibn Saud</a>, sefydlydd a brenin cyntaf Saudi Arabia</figcaption></figure> Ar ddechrau'r 20g, <a href="/wiki/Yr_Ymerodraeth_Otomanaidd" title="Yr Ymerodraeth Otomanaidd">parhaodd yr Ymerodraeth Otomanaidd</a> i reoli neu gael goruchafiaeth dros y rhan fwyaf o'r penrhyn. Yn ddarostyngedig i'r oruchafiaeth hon, rheolwyd Arabia gan glytwaith o lywodraethwyr llwythol,<a href="#cite_note-Murphy-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> gyda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharif_o_Mecca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharif o Mecca (dim tudalen ar gael)">Sharif Mecca yn</a> flaenllaw ac yn rheoli'r Hejaz.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Ym 1902, llwyddodd mab Abdul Rahman, Abdul Aziz - a elwid yn <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Saud,_brenin_Sawdi_Arabia" title="Ibn Saud, brenin Sawdi Arabia">Ibn Saud yn ddiweddarach</a> - i reoli Riyadh gan ddod â'r Al Saud yn ôl i Nejd, gan greu'r drydedd "wladwriaeth Saudi". Enillodd Ibn Saud gefnogaeth yr Ikhwan, byddin lwythol a ysbrydolwyd gan Wahhabiaeth ac a arweiniwyd gan Faisal Al-Dawish, ac a oedd wedi tyfu'n gyflym ar ôl ei sefydlu ym 1912.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Gyda chymorth yr Ikhwan, cipiodd Ibn Saud Al-Ahsa oddi wrth yr Otomaniaid ym 1913. Yn 1916, gydag anogaeth a chefnogaeth Prydain (a oedd yn ymladd yn erbyn yr Otomaniaid yn <a href="/wiki/Y_Rhyfel_Byd_Cyntaf" title="Y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf">y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf</a> ), arweiniodd Sharif Mecca, <a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_Sharif_Mecca" title="Hussein bin Ali, Sharif Mecca">Hussein bin Ali</a><a href="/wiki/Y_Gwrthryfel_Arabaidd" title="Y Gwrthryfel Arabaidd">, wrthryfel pan-Arabaidd yn</a> erbyn yr Ymerodraeth Otomanaidd i greu gwladwriaeth Arabaidd unedig.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Er i Wrthryfel Arabaidd 1916 i 1918 fethu yn ei amcan, arweiniodd buddugoliaeth y Cynghreiriaid yn y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf at ddiwedd goruchafiaeth a rheolaeth Otomanaidd yn Arabia a daeth Hussein bin Ali yn <a href="/wiki/Teyrnas_Hijaz" title="Teyrnas Hijaz">Frenin Hejaz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Milwrol">Milwrol</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Golygu'r adran: Milwrol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Milwrol">golygu cod</a>]</div> Mae gan Sawdi Arabia un o'r canrannau uchaf o wariant milwrol yn y byd, gan wario tua 8% o'i CMC yn ei byddin, yn ôl amcangyfrif 2020 SIPRI.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Mae byddin Sawdi'n cynnwys Lluoedd Tir Brenhinol Sawdi, Llu Awyr Brenhinol Sawdi, Llynges Frenhinol Sawdi, Amddiffyn Awyr Brenhinol Sawdi, Gwarchodlu Cenedlaethol Sawdi Arabia (SANG, llu milwrol annibynnol), a lluoedd parafilwrol, sy'n gyfanswm o bron i 200,000. Yn 2005 roedd gan y lluoedd arfog y personél canlynol: y fyddin, 75,000; y llu awyr, 18,000; amddiffyn awyr, 16,000; y llynges, 15,500 (gan gynnwys 3,000 o forluoedd); ac roedd gan y SANG 75,000 o filwyr gweithredol a 25,000 o ardollau llwythol.<a href="#cite_note-Library_of_Congress_2006-61">[61]</a> Yn ogystal, mae yna wasanaeth cudd-wybodaeth filwrol Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah. Mae gan y deyrnas berthynas filwrol â Phacistan ers blynyddoedd, dyfalwyd ers tro fod Sawdi Arabia wedi ariannu rhaglen bom atomig Pacistan, yn gyfrinachol, ac yn ceisio prynu arfau atomig o Bacistan, yn y dyfodol agos.<a href="#cite_note-QV-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPO-63">[63]</a> MAe SANG yn rym rheng flaen cwbl weithredol, ac yn tarddu o rym milwrol-grefyddol llwythol Ibn Saud, yr Ikhwan. Gellir priodoli ei fodolaeth fodern, serch hynny, i fod yn <a href="/wiki/Abdullah,_brenin_Sawdi_Arabia" title="Abdullah, brenin Sawdi Arabia">fyddin breifat Abdullah i</a> bob pwrpas ers y <a href="/wiki/1960au" title="1960au">1960au</a> ac, yn wahanol i weddill y lluoedd arfog, mae'n annibynnol ar y Weinyddiaeth Amddiffyn a Hedfan. Roedd y diweddar dywysog Sultan, y cyn Weinidog Amddiffyn a Hedfan, yn un o'r 'Sudairi Seven' fel y'i gelwir ac yn rheoli gweddill y lluoedd arfog hyd ei farwolaeth yn 2011.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:11th_MEU_141213-M-CB493-105_(15657874453).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/11th_MEU_141213-M-CB493-105_%2815657874453%29.jpg/220px-11th_MEU_141213-M-CB493-105_%2815657874453%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/11th_MEU_141213-M-CB493-105_%2815657874453%29.jpg/330px-11th_MEU_141213-M-CB493-105_%2815657874453%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/11th_MEU_141213-M-CB493-105_%2815657874453%29.jpg/440px-11th_MEU_141213-M-CB493-105_%2815657874453%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Milwyr Sawdi a'r Unol Daleithiau yn hyfforddi yn Rhagfyr 2014</figcaption></figure> Mae gwariant ar amddiffyn a diogelwch wedi cynyddu'n sylweddol ers canol y 1990au ac roedd tua US $ 78.4 biliwn, erbyn 2019.<a href="#cite_note-:2-65">[65]</a> Rhestrir Saudi Arabia ymhlith 10 uchaf y byd yng ngwariant y llywodraeth ar ei fyddin, sy'n cynrychioli tua 8 y cant o'r cynnyrch domestig gros yn 2019. Mae ei arsenal technoleg uchel fodern yn gwneud Sawdi Arabia ymhlith cenhedloedd arfog mwyaf dwys y byd, gyda'i offer milwrol yn cael ei gyflenwi'n bennaf gan yr UD, Ffrainc a Lloegr.<a href="#cite_note-Library_of_Congress_2006-61">[61]</a> Gwerthodd yr Unol Daleithiau fwy na $ 80 biliwn mewn caledwedd milwrol rhwng 1951 a 2006 i fyddin Sawdi.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Ar 20 Hydref 2010, hysbysodd Adran Wladwriaeth yr UD y Gyngres am ei bwriad i wneud y gwerthiant arfau mwyaf yn hanes America - amcangyfrif o bryniant $ 60.5 biliwn gan Sawdi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Yn 2013 dringodd gwariant milwrol Sawdi i $67bn, gan oddiweddyd gwariant y DU, Ffrainc a Japan i ddod yn bedwerydd yn fyd-eang.<a href="#cite_note-AJE_2013_spending-68">[68]</a> Er gwaethaf ei safon hawliau dynol gwael, mae Lloegr hefyd wedi bod yn brif gyflenwr offer milwrol i Saudi Arabia ers 1965.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Ers 1985, mae'r DU wedi cyflenwi awyrennau milwrol - yn enwedig awyrennau ymladd Tornado ac offer lladd arall fel rhan o fargen arfau Al-Yamamah tymor hir yr amcangyfrifir ei bod yn werth £43 biliwn erbyn 2006 ac y credir ei bod yn werth a £40 biliwn wedi hynny.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Ym Mai 2012, llofnododd y cwmni Prydeinig BAE fargen gwerth £1.9bn ($ 3bn) i gyflenwi jetiau Hawk i Sawdi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daearyddiaeth">Daearyddiaeth</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Golygu'r adran: Daearyddiaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Daearyddiaeth">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Saudi_Arabia_Topography.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Saudi_Arabia_Topography.png/220px-Saudi_Arabia_Topography.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Saudi_Arabia_Topography.png/330px-Saudi_Arabia_Topography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Saudi_Arabia_Topography.png/440px-Saudi_Arabia_Topography.png 2x" data-file-width="1432" data-file-height="1266" /></a><figcaption> Topograffi Saudi Arabia</figcaption></figure> Mae Sawdi Arabia tua 80 y cant o <a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Benrhyn Arabia</a> (penrhyn mwya'r byd),<a href="#cite_note-Stokes605-72">[72]</a> gorwedd rhwng lledredau 16 ° a 33 ° Gog a hydoedd 34 ° a 56 ° Dwy. Oherwydd nad yw ffiniau deheuol y wlad â'r <a href="/wiki/Yr_Emiradau_Arabaidd_Unedig" title="Yr Emiradau Arabaidd Unedig">Emiraethau Arabaidd Unedig</a> ac <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> wedi'u marcio'n fanwl gywir, nid yw union faint y wlad wedi'i diffinio.<a href="#cite_note-Stokes605-72">[72]</a> Mae Llyfr Ffeithiau'r Byd CIA yn amcangyfrif 2,149,690 km ac yn rhestru Sawdi Arabia fel y 13eg wladwriaeth fwyaf yn y byd.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Yn ddaearyddol hi yw'r wlad fwyaf yn y <a href="/wiki/Y_Dwyrain_Canol" title="Y Dwyrain Canol">Dwyrain Canol</a> a Phlât Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Dominyddir daearyddiaeth amrywiol Saudi Arabia gan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anialwch_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anialwch Arabia (dim tudalen ar gael)">Anialwch Arabia</a>, lled-anialdiroedd cysylltiedig, llwyni, paith, sawl cadwyn o fynyddoedd, caeau lafa folcanig ac ucheldiroedd. Y Rub 'al Khali ("Chwarter Gwag") yn rhan dde-ddwyreiniol y wlad yw anialwch tywod cyffiniol mwyaf y byd, ac mae'n 647,500 km sg.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Er bod llynnoedd yn y wlad, Saudi Arabia yw'r wlad fwyaf yn y byd (yn ôl ardal) heb afonydd parhaol. Ceir llawer o <a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">Wadis</a>, sef afonydd nad ydynt yn barhaol. Mae'r ardaloedd ffrwythlon i'w cael yn y dyddodion llifwaddodol mewn wadis, basnau a thir ffrwythlon. Y brif nodwedd dopograffig yw'r llwyfandir canolog sy'n codi'n sydyn o'r <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4r_Coch" class="mw-redirect" title="Môr Coch">Môr Coch</a> ac yn disgyn yn raddol i'r <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a> a thuag at <a href="/wiki/Gwlff_Persia" title="Gwlff Persia">Gwlff Persia</a>. Ar arfordir y Môr Coch, mae gwastadedd arfordirol cul, o'r enw Tihamah ac mae talaith de-orllewinol Asir yn fynyddig, ac mae'n cynnwys Mynydd Sawda (3,133 m (10,279 tr) sef copa ucha'r wlad. Ac eithrio'r rhanbarthau de-orllewinol fel Asir, mae gan Sawdi Arabia hinsawdd anial gyda thymheredd uchel iawn yn ystod y dydd, yn yr haf, a chwymp tymheredd sydyn yn y nos. Mae tymereddau cyfartalog yr haf oddeutu 45 °C (113 °F), ond gall fod mor uchel â 54 °C (129 °F) ar ei fwyaf eithafol. Yn y gaeaf, anaml y bydd y tymheredd yn gostwng o dan 0 °C (32 °F) ac eithrio rhanbarthau gogleddol y wlad.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Y tymheredd isaf a gofnodwyd hyd yma yw −12.0 °C (10.4 °F), a hynny yn Turaif.<a href="#cite_note-SaudiCC-77">[77]</a> Yn y gwanwyn a'r hydref mae'r gwres yn dymherus, mae'r tymheredd ar gyfartaledd tua 29 °C (84 °F). Mae'r glawiad blynyddol yn isel iawn. Yn rhanbarthau'r De ceir monsŵn Cefnfor India, sy'n gryn ddylanwad, ac sydd fel arfer yn digwydd rhwng Hydref a Mawrth. 300mm yw cyfartaledd y glawiad yn ystod y cyfnod hwn, sef tua 60 y cant o'r dyodiad blynyddol.<a href="#cite_note-weather-78">[78]</a> Mae Sawdi Arabia'n gartref i oddeutu 1300 o ynysoedd.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bioamrywiaeth">Bioamrywiaeth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Golygu'r adran: Bioamrywiaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Bioamrywiaeth">golygu cod</a>]</div> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="tsingle" style="margin:1px;width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Halterstandingshotarabianone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Halterstandingshotarabianone.jpg/200px-Halterstandingshotarabianone.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Halterstandingshotarabianone.jpg/300px-Halterstandingshotarabianone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Halterstandingshotarabianone.jpg/400px-Halterstandingshotarabianone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left">Mae'r <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceffyl_Arabaidd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceffyl Arabaidd (dim tudalen ar gael)">ceffyl Arabaidd</a> yn frodorol i Arabia, ac yn elfen bwysig o lên gwerin Arabaidd traddodiadol</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="margin:1px;width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Arabian_Leopard_Nimr_(8454247265).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Arabian_Leopard_Nimr_%288454247265%29.jpg/200px-Arabian_Leopard_Nimr_%288454247265%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Arabian_Leopard_Nimr_%288454247265%29.jpg/300px-Arabian_Leopard_Nimr_%288454247265%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Arabian_Leopard_Nimr_%288454247265%29.jpg/400px-Arabian_Leopard_Nimr_%288454247265%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y_llewpard_Arabaidd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Y llewpard Arabaidd (dim tudalen ar gael)">Y llewpard Arabaidd</a>, sydd mewn perygl mawr</div></div></div></div> Mae Sawdi Arabia'n gartref i bum ecoranbarth: anialwch niwl arfordirol Penrhyn Arabia, safanatroedleoedd De-orllewin Arabia, coetiroedd mynyddig De-orllewin Arabia , Anialwch Arabia, ac anialwch trofannol a lled-anialwch Môr Coch Nubo-Sindia.<a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-80">[80]</a> Mae'r bywyd gwyllt yn cynnwys <a href="/w/index.php?title=Llewpard_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llewpard Arabia (dim tudalen ar gael)">llewpard Arabia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Judas_et_al.,_2006-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Spalton_et_al.,_2006-82">[82]</a> blaidd, hyena streipiog, mongws, babŵn, ysgyfarnog, cath dywod, a jerboa. Roedd anifeiliaid fel y gazelle, yr oryx, y llewpard a'r cheetahs<a href="#cite_note-Nowell1996-83">[83]</a> yn gymharol niferus tan y <a href="/wiki/19g" class="mw-redirect" title="19g">19g</a>, pan lleihawyd niferoedd yr anifeiliaid hyn oherwydd gorhela, a bu bron i lawer ddiflannu'n llwyr. Roedd y llew Asiatig (a oedd o bwys diwylliannol) yn Sawdi Arabia tan ddiwedd y <a href="/wiki/19g" class="mw-redirect" title="19g">19g</a> cyn iddo gael ei hela i ddifodiant yn y gwyllt.<a href="#cite_note-Nader_al1989-84">[84]</a> Ymhlith yr adar mae hebogau (sy'n cael eu dal a'u hyfforddi ar gyfer hela), eryrod, hebogau, fwlturiaid, llysiau'r tywod a bwlbwliaid. Mae yna sawl rhywogaeth o nadroedd, gyda llawer ohonyn nhw'n wenwynig. Ceir bywyd morol cyfoethog, gyda'r Môr Coch yn <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystem</a> arbennig o gyfoethog ac amrywiol. Cofnodwyd mwy na 1200 o rywogaethau o bysgod<a href="#cite_note-fishbase-85">[85]</a> yn y Môr Coch, ac mae tua 10% o'r rhain i'w cael yma'n unig.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Mae hyn hefyd yn cynnwys 42 rhywogaeth o bysgod dŵr dwfn .<a href="#cite_note-fishbase-85">[85]</a> Mae'r amrywiaeth gyfoethog yma'n rhannol oherwydd y 2,000 km (1,240 mi) o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Riff_cwrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riff cwrel (dim tudalen ar gael)">rîff gwrel</a> yn ymestyn ar hyd ei morlin; mae'r riffiau ymylol hyn yn 5000-7000 mlynedd oed ac maent wedi'u ffurfio i raddau helaeth o acropora caregog a chwrelau porites. Mae'r riffiau'n ffurfio llwyfannau ac weithiau morlynnoedd ar hyd yr arfordir ac ambell nodwedd arall fel silindrau (fel y Twll Glas yn Dahab ). Mae rhywogaethau pelagig o bysgod y Môr Coch yn ymweld â'r riffiau arfordirol hyn hefyd, gan gynnwys rhai o'r 44 rhywogaeth o siarc . Yma yn y Môr Coch hefyd ceir llawer o riffiau alltraeth Ymhlith yr anifeiliaid domestig mae'r ceffyl chwedlonol Arabaidd, y camel Arabaidd, defaid, geifr, gwartheg, asynnod, ieir, ac ati. Gan adlewyrchu amodau anialwch amlycaf y wlad, mae bywyd planhigion Sawdi Arabia'n cynnwys perlysiau, planhigion a llwyni nad oes angen llawer o ddŵr arnynt. Mae'r palmwydd dyddiad (y Phoenix dactylifera) yn gyffredin. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Is-adrannau_gweinyddol">Is-adrannau gweinyddol</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Golygu'r adran: Is-adrannau gweinyddol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Is-adrannau gweinyddol">golygu cod</a>]</div> Rhennir Sawdi Arabia yn 13 <a href="/wiki/Rhanbarth" title="Rhanbarth">rhanbarth</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabeg</a>: مناطق إدارية‎; manatiq idāriyya). Mae'r rhanbarthau hyn yn cael eu rhannu ymhellach yn 118 o Daleithiau (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabeg</a>: محافظات‎; muhafazat). Mae'r nifer hwn yn cynnwys y 13 o brifddinasoedd rhanbarthol, sydd â statws gwahanol fel bwrdeistrefi (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabeg</a>: أمانة‎; amanah) dan arweiniad meiri (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabeg</a>: أمين‎; amin). Mae'r Taleithiau yn cael eu rhannu ymhellach i mewn i is-Taleithiau (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabeg</a>: مراكز‎; marakiz markaz).<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:Saudi_Arabia_Prv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:Saudi Arabia Prv (dim tudalen ar gael)">Nodyn:Saudi Arabia Prv</a>13 rhanbarth Sawdi Arabia. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gwleidyddiaeth">Gwleidyddiaeth</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Golygu'r adran: Gwleidyddiaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Gwleidyddiaeth">golygu cod</a>]</div> Mae gwleidyddiaeth y wlad, ers ei sefydlu yn 1932, yn cael ei rheoli gan y frenhiniaeth absoliwt; olynwyd Ibn Saud gan ei feibion: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saud,_brenin_Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saud, brenin Sawdi Arabia (dim tudalen ar gael)">Saud</a> (1953-64), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faisal,_brenin_Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faisal, brenin Sawdi Arabia (dim tudalen ar gael)">Faisal</a> (1964-75), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalid,_brenin_Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalid, brenin Sawdi Arabia (dim tudalen ar gael)">Khalid</a> (1975-82), <a href="/wiki/Fahd,_brenin_Sawdi_Arabia" title="Fahd, brenin Sawdi Arabia">Fahd</a> (1982-2005), <a href="/wiki/Abdullah,_brenin_Sawdi_Arabia" title="Abdullah, brenin Sawdi Arabia">Abdullah</a> (2005-2015) a <a href="/wiki/Salman,_brenin_Sawdi_Arabia" title="Salman, brenin Sawdi Arabia">Salman</a> (2015 - y presennol). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Royal_Standard_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Standard_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/220px-Royal_Standard_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Standard_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/330px-Royal_Standard_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Standard_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/440px-Royal_Standard_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Mae'r 'Arwydd' neu'r <a href="/w/index.php?title=Y_Faner_Frenhinol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Y Faner Frenhinol (dim tudalen ar gael)">'Faner' Frenhinol</a>, yn cynnwys geiriau mewn math o <a href="/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg">Arabeg</a> a elwir yn "Thulutheg" ac mae'n cynnwys cleddyf symbolaidd ac arfbais y teulu brenhinol yn y gornel dde isaf, mewn aur.</figcaption></figure> Ceir arni ddatganiad Islamaidd o'u ffydd (neu'r <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahada (dim tudalen ar gael)">shahada</a>): <dl><dd>لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا الله مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ الله</dd> <dd>lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāh, muhammadun rasūlu-llāh</dd> <dd>Nid oes duw ond Duw; Muhammad yw negesydd (neu broffwyd) Duw.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></dd></dl> Yn ôl gorchymyn brenhinol 1992, mae'n rhaid i'r brenin gydymffurfio gyda chyfraith Islamaidd Sharia, a'r <a href="/wiki/Coran" class="mw-redirect" title="Coran">Coran</a>, ac mae'r Coran a'r Sunnah (Traddodiadau Mohammed) ar y cyd yn cael eu hystyried fel Cyfansoddiad swyddogol y wlad. Ni chaniateir unrhyw bleidiau gwleidyddol. Mae'r 'Economist' yn graddoli'r wlad - allan o gyfanswm o 167 o wledydd - fel y pumed gwlad mwayf awdurdodol a llym; o ran 'damocratiaeth mae'n ei rhestru fel y gwaethaf oll (2013).<a href="#cite_note-EIU-89">[89]</a> Gan fod enw'r wlad ("Saudi") yn dod o'r gair Arabeg as-Suʻūdīyah, sef enw'r teulu "Saud" (السعود), fe'i hystyrir yn ansoddair sy'n ddatganiad pwerus mai eiddo'r teulu Saud, mewn gwirionedd, yw'r wlad.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kamrava-91">[91]</a> Sefydlydd y teulu (o ran cofnodi'r enw) oedd Muhammad bin Saud]].<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> yn y <a href="/wiki/18g" class="mw-redirect" title="18g">18g</a>. Mae'r gwledydd hynny nad ydynt yn cydnabod hawl y teulu Saudi i reoli'r wlad (e.e. Iraq) yn galw'r wlad "Tir yr Haramayn" (sef "Tir y Ddau Le Sanctaidd" - <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medinia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medinia (dim tudalen ar gael)">Medinia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hawliau_dynol">Hawliau dynol</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Golygu'r adran: Hawliau dynol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Hawliau dynol">golygu cod</a>]</div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Hawliau_merched" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawliau merched">Merched</a></dt></dl> Gwahaniaethir o ran rhyw yn swyddogol. Ni chaniateir i fenywod yrru car. Heb ganiatâd dyn ni chaniateir i ferched ychwaith wneud cais am <a href="/wiki/Pasport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasport">basbort</a>, teithio i unrhyw fan, derbyn addysg uwch na phriodi.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Rhyddid_y_wasg" title="Rhyddid y wasg">Rhyddid i fynegiant</a></dt></dl> Rheolir penodiadau i swyddi allweddol y wasg gan y Llywodraeth e.e. golygyddion papurau newydd, cynhyrchwyr teledu. Cosbir unrhyw feirniadaeth o'r Llywodraeth neu'r teulu brenhinol gan ddeng mlynedd o garchar. <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Y_gosb_eithaf" title="Y gosb eithaf">Y gosb eithaf</a></dt></dl> Yn 2013, yn ôl <a href="/wiki/Amnest_Rhyngwladol" title="Amnest Rhyngwladol">Amnest Rhyngwladol</a> lladdwyd 79 o bobl yn gyhoeddus am dorri'r gyfraith, y rhan fwyaf drwy dorri eu pennau. <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Mudiadau_cymdeithasol_LHDT" title="Mudiadau cymdeithasol LHDT">Hawliau hoywon</a></dt></dl> Mae gweithredoedd hoyw yn cael eu hystyried yn anghyfreithlon, a chosbir hoywon gyda'r gosb eithaf, neu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ysbaddiad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ysbaddiad (dim tudalen ar gael)">ysbaddiad</a> cemegol. <dl><dt>Crefyddau eraill</dt></dl> Nid oes hawl i ddinesydd Shia ddal swyddi mewn rhai meysydd fel dysgu hanes mewn ysgolion. Ychydig iawn o ddinasyddion Shia sy'n cyrraedd y sector uwchradd a nemor dim o fewn system llywodraeth y wlad. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iaith_a_diwylliant">Iaith a diwylliant</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Golygu'r adran: Iaith a diwylliant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Iaith a diwylliant">golygu cod</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg">Arabeg</a> yw iaith y wlad. Mae'r trigolion bron i gyd yn <a href="/wiki/Arabiaid" title="Arabiaid">Arabiaid</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Mwslim</a> ac mae'r wlad yn cynnwys <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, dinas sanctaidd <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economi">Economi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Golygu'r adran: Economi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Economi">golygu cod</a>]</div> Ym mis Hydref 2018, Sawdi Arabia yw'r economi fwyaf yn y <a href="/wiki/Dwyrain_Canol" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwyrain Canol">Dwyrain Canol</a> a'r 18fed mwyaf yn y byd. Mae gan Sawdi Arabia gronfeydd wrth gefn ail-fwyaf mwyaf y byd a'r wlad yw'r allforiwr petroliwm mwyaf.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1995-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Mae ganddi hefyd y pumed gronfa wrth gefn o nwy naturiol profedig fwyaf. Oherwydd hyn oll, ystyrir Sawdi Arabia'n "bŵer ynni".<a href="#cite_note-undp-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Mae ganddi gyfanswm amcangyfrifedig ail uchaf o adnoddau naturiol, a brisiwyd yn US $34.4 triliwn yn 2016.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Prif economi'r wlad yw <a href="/wiki/Petroliwm" title="Petroliwm">petroliwm</a>; mae tua 63%<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> o refeniw cyllideb a 67%<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> o'i enillion allforio yn dod o'r diwydiant olew. Dibyna'n helaeth ar weithwyr tramor, gyda thua 80% o'r rhai a gyflogir yn y sector preifat yn dod o wledydd eraill.<a href="#cite_note-coy-employ-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-McDowall-103">[103]</a> Ymhlith yr heriau i economi Saudi mae atal neu wrthdro’r dirywiad mewn incwm y pen, gwella addysg i baratoi ieuenctid ar gyfer y gweithlu a darparu cyflogaeth iddynt, arallgyfeirio’r economi, ysgogi’r sector preifat ac adeiladu tai, a lleihau llygredd ac anghydraddoldeb.<a href="#cite_note-HT2009:_150-104">[104]</a> Yn 2021 roedd y diwydiant olew yn cynnwys tua 45% o gynnyrch mewnwladol crynswth enwol Sawdi Arabia, o'i gymharu â 40% o'r sector preifat. Yn swyddogol mae gan Sawdi Arabia oddeutu 260 biliwn barel o gronfeydd olew wrth gefn, sy'n cynnwys tua un rhan o bump o gyfanswm cronfeydd wrth gefn petroliwm profedig y byd.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Gosododd effaith annisgwyl <a href="/wiki/Pandemig_COVID-19" title="Pandemig COVID-19">pandemig COVID-19</a> ar yr economi, ynghyd â tystiolaeth o <a href="/wiki/Hawliau_dynol" title="Hawliau dynol">hawliau dynol</a> gwael Sawdi Arabia, heriau annisgwyl iawn.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Ar 2 Mai, cyfaddefodd Gweinidog Cyllid Sawdi Arabia fod economi’r wlad yn wynebu argyfwng economaidd difrifol am y tro cyntaf ers degawdau, oherwydd y pandemig yn ogystal â dirywiad mewn marchnadoedd olew byd-eang. Dywedodd Mohammed Al-Jadaan y bydd y wlad yn cymryd mesurau "poenus" ac yn cadw'r holl opsiynau ar agor i ddelio â'r effaith.â<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merched">Merched</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Golygu'r adran: Merched" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Merched">golygu cod</a>]</div> Nid oes gan ferched hawliau cyfartal i ddynion yn y deyrnas; mae <a href="/wiki/Adran_Wladol_yr_Unol_Daleithiau" title="Adran Wladol yr Unol Daleithiau">Adran Wladwriaeth</a> yr UD yn ystyried bod sut y mae llywodraeth Sawdi Arabia yn gwahaniaethu yn erbyn menywod yn “broblem sylweddol” ac yn nodi nad oes gan fenywod lawer o hawliau gwleidyddol oherwydd polisïau gwahaniaethol y llywodraeth.<a href="#cite_note-State2010-108">[108]</a> Roedd Adroddiad Bwlch Rhyw Byd-eang <a href="/wiki/Fforwm_Economaidd_y_Byd" title="Fforwm Economaidd y Byd">Fforwm Economaidd y Byd</a> 2021 yn Sawdi Arabia yn 147fed allan o 156 o wledydd ar gyfer cydraddoldeb rhywiol.<a href="#cite_note-jpost.com-109">[109]</a> Fodd bynnag, ers i Mohammed bin Salman gael ei benodi’n Dywysog y Goron yn 2017, gwelwyd cyfres o ddiwygiadau cymdeithasol ynglŷn â hawliau menywod. O dan gyfraith Sawdi, rhaid i bob oedolyn benywaidd gael perthynas wrywaidd yn "warcheidwad" ( neu wali),<a href="#cite_note-State2010-108">[108]</a> O 2008 ymlaen, roedd yn ofynnol i fenyw gael caniatâd gan ei gwarcheidwad gwrywaidd er mwyn eithio, astudio neu weithio.<a href="#cite_note-State2010-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-HRWPM2-110">[110]</a> Caniataodd archddyfarniad brenhinol a basiwyd ym Mai 2017 iddynt ddefnyddio gwasanaethau'r llywodraeth fel addysg a gofal iechyd heb fod angen caniatâd gwarcheidwad gwrywaidd. Fodd bynnag, nododd y gorchymyn hefyd na ddylid ei ganiatáu oni bai ei fod yn cyd-fynd â system Sharia.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Saudi_in_niqap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Saudi_in_niqap.jpg/220px-Saudi_in_niqap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Saudi_in_niqap.jpg/330px-Saudi_in_niqap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Saudi_in_niqap.jpg/440px-Saudi_in_niqap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Dynes Saudi yn gwisgo niqāb yn Riyadh.</figcaption></figure> Yn ôl ffeminydd a newyddiadurwr blaenllaw o Sawdi, Wajeha al-Huwaider, "Mae menywod Sawdi'n wan, waeth pa mor uchel yw eu statws, hyd yn oed y rhai 'pampered' yn eu plith, oherwydd 'does ganddyn nhw ddim deddf i'w hamddiffyn rhag ymosodiad gan unrhyw un."<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Mae menywod yn wynebu gwahaniaethu yn y llysoedd, ee mae tystiolaeth un dyn yn cyfateb i dystiolaeth dwy fenyw mewn cyfraith teulu ac etifeddiaeth.<a href="#cite_note-State2010-108">[108]</a> Caniateir polygami ar gyfer dynion,<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> ac mae gan ddynion hawl unochrog i ysgaru eu gwragedd heb unrhyw gyfiawnhad cyfreithiol.<a href="#cite_note-Otto164-115">[115]</a> Dim ond gyda chydsyniad ei gŵr neu yn farnwrol y gall menyw gael ysgariad os yw ei gŵr wedi ei niweidio.<a href="#cite_note-Otto163-116">[116]</a> Yn ymarferol, mae'n anodd iawn i fenyw o Sawdi gael ysgariad barnwrol.<a href="#cite_note-Otto163-116">[116]</a> O ran y gyfraith etifeddiaeth, mae'r <a href="/wiki/Cor%C3%A2n" class="mw-redirect" title="Corân">Corân</a> yn nodi bod yn rhaid gadael dognau sefydlog o ystâd yr ymadawedig i'r etifeddion Qur'anig <a href="#cite_note-Otto165-117">[117]</a> ac yn gyffredinol, mae etifeddion benywaidd yn derbyn hanner cyfran yr etifeddion gwrywaidd.<a href="#cite_note-Otto165-117">[117]</a> Ar 25 Medi 2011, cyhoeddodd y Brenin Abdullah y byddai menywod Sawdi yn ennill yr hawl i bleidleisio ac i fod yn ymgeiswyr mewn etholiadau trefol, ar yr amod bod gwarcheidwad gwrywaidd yn rhoi caniatâd iddynt wneud hynny.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Caniatawyd i fenywod bleidleisio a bod yn ymgeiswyr yn etholiadau trefol 12 Rhagfyr 2015.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Ym Medi 2017, cyhoeddodd y Brenin Salman archddyfarniad yn caniatáu i ferched yrru ceir, gan godi unig waharddiad y byd ar yrwyr sy'n fenywod.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Yn Chwefror 2018, gall menywod Sawdi nawr agor eu busnes eu hunain, heb ganiatâd dyn.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Ym Mawrth 2018, pasiwyd deddf yn caniatáu i famau Sawdi gadw eu plant ar ôl ysgariad heb orfod ffeilio unrhyw achosion cyfreithiol.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Ar 1 Awst 2019, caniataodd Sawdi Arabia i ferched deithio dramor, cofrestru ysgariad neu briodas, a gwneud cais am ddogfennau swyddogol heb gydsyniad gwarcheidwad gwrywaidd. Mae'r deddfau hefyd yn rhoi hawliau i fenywod ar gyfer gwarchod plant bach.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Addysg">Addysg</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Golygu'r adran: Addysg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Addysg">golygu cod</a>]</div> Mae addysg am ddim ar bob lefel, er bod addysg uwch wedi'i chyfyngu i ddinasyddion yn unig.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Ceir ysgolion elfennol, canolradd ac uwchradd lle mae rhan fawr o'r cwricwlwm ar bob lefel wedi'i neilltuo i Islam, ac, ar y lefel uwchradd, gall myfyrwyr ddilyn naill ai drac crefyddol neu drac technegol. Cyfradd llythrennedd yw 97.1% ymhlith dynion ac mae tua 92.71% ymhlith menywod (2017).<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Mae dosbarthiadau wedi'u gwahanu yn ôl rhyw. Yn 2018, roedd Sawdi Arabia yn 28ain ledled y byd o ran allbwn ymchwil o ansawdd uchel yn ôl y cyfnodolyn gwyddonol Nature.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Mae hyn yn golygu mai Sawdi Arabia yw'r wlad Dwyrain Canol, Arabaidd a Mwslimaidd sy'n perfformio orau.  Mae Sawdi Arabia'n gwario 8.8% o'i gynnyrch mewnwladol crynswth ar <a href="/wiki/Addysg" title="Addysg">addysg</a>, o'i gymharu â'r cyfartaledd byd-eang o 4.6%.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Roedd yn safle 66 yn y Mynegai Arloesi Byd-eang yn 2020, i fyny o'r 68fed yn 2019.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyfeiriadau">Cyfeiriadau</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyfeiriadau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Cyfeiriadau">golygu cod</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/75DFkCF8p?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html">"Gwefan Saesneg CIA World Factbook"</a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2019-01-06. Cyrchwyd 2011-06-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gwefan+Saesneg+CIA+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fsa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8312344">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14703476">Saudi Arabia profile</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfbusiness.com/2014/03/saudi-arabia-launches-new-housing-scheme-ease-shortage/#.U7vqcPmSxfA">"Saudi Arabia Launches New Housing Scheme To Ease Shortage"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia+Launches+New+Housing+Scheme+To+Ease+Shortage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfbusiness.com%2F2014%2F03%2Fsaudi-arabia-launches-new-housing-scheme-ease-shortage%2F%23.U7vqcPmSxfA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-demo-4">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-demo_4-0">4.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-demo_4-1">4.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulf2000.columbia.edu/images/maps/GulfReligionGeneral_lg.png">"Demography of Religion in the Gulf"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehrdad_Izady&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehrdad Izady (dim tudalen ar gael)">Mehrdad Izady</a>. 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Demography+of+Religion+in+the+Gulf&rft.pub=Mehrdad+Izady&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulf2000.columbia.edu%2Fimages%2Fmaps%2FGulfReligionGeneral_lg.png&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFMadawi_Al-Rasheed2013" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madawi_Al-Rasheed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madawi Al-Rasheed (dim tudalen ar gael)">Madawi Al-Rasheed</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.fr/books?id=JmafWmVNJAAC&pg=PA65&dq">A Most Masculine State: Gender, Politics and Religion in Saudi Arabia</a>. t. 65.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Most+Masculine+State%3A+Gender%2C+Politics+and+Religion+in+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pages=65&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Madawi+Al-Rasheed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJmafWmVNJAAC%26pg%3DPA65%26dq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> Focus on Islamic Issues – Tud 23, Cofie D. Malbouisson – 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iiss.org/en/about%20us/press%20room/press%20releases/press%20releases/archive/2014-dd03/february-0abc/military-balance-2014-press-statement-52d7">The Military Balance 2014: Top 15 Defence Budgets 2013</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924033509/http://www.iiss.org/en/about%20us/press%20room/press%20releases/press%20releases/archive/2014-dd03/february-0abc/military-balance-2014-press-statement-52d7">Archifwyd</a> 2015-09-24 yn y <a href="/wiki/Peiriant_Wayback" title="Peiriant Wayback">Peiriant Wayback</a> (IISS) </li> <li id="cite_note-SIPRI-8"><a href="#cite_ref-SIPRI_8-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150104033821/http://books.sipri.org/product_info?c_product_id=476">"The 15 countries with the highest military expenditure in 2013 (table)"</a>. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.sipri.org/product_info?c_product_id=476">gwreiddiol</a> (PDF) ar 2015-01-04. Cyrchwyd 14 Ebrill 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+15+countries+with+the+highest+military+expenditure+in+2013+%28table%29&rft.pub=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.sipri.org%2Fproduct_info%3Fc_product_id%3D476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109115032/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/articles/middle-east/8207-the-erosion-of-saudi-arabias-image-among-its-neighbours">"The erosion of Saudi Arabia's image among its neighbours"</a>. Middleeastmonitor.com. 2013-11-07. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middleeastmonitor.com/articles/middle-east/8207-the-erosion-of-saudi-arabias-image-among-its-neighbours">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2013-11-09. Cyrchwyd 2014-04-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+erosion+of+Saudi+Arabia%27s+image+among+its+neighbours&rft.pub=Middleeastmonitor.com&rft.date=2013-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2Farticles%2Fmiddle-east%2F8207-the-erosion-of-saudi-arabias-image-among-its-neighbours&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2015/08/the-death-penalty-in-saudi-arabia-facts-and-figures/">"The death penalty in Saudi Arabia: Facts and Figure"</a>. Amnesty International. 25 Awst 2015. Cyrchwyd 4 Ionawr 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=The+death+penalty+in+Saudi+Arabia%3A+Facts+and+Figure&rft.date=2015-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2015%2F08%2Fthe-death-penalty-in-saudi-arabia-facts-and-figures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/09/26/saudi-arabia-official-hate-speech-targets-minorities">"Saudi Arabia: Official Hate Speech Targets Minorities"</a>. Human Rights Watch. 26 Medi 2017. Cyrchwyd 31 Mawrth 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%3A+Official+Hate+Speech+Targets+Minorities&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Fsaudi-arabia-official-hate-speech-targets-minorities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.secularism.org.uk/news/2018/10/saudi-arabia-is-worst-country-to-be-an-atheist-report-says">"Saudi Arabia is worst country to be an atheist, report says"</a>. National Secular Society. 29 Hydref 2018. Cyrchwyd 31 Mawrth 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Secular+Society&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+is+worst+country+to+be+an+atheist%2C+report+says&rft.date=2018-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.secularism.org.uk%2Fnews%2F2018%2F10%2Fsaudi-arabia-is-worst-country-to-be-an-atheist-report-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_United_States_and_the_Great_Powers-13"><a href="#cite_ref-The_United_States_and_the_Great_Powers_13-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFBuzan2004" class="citation book">Buzan, Barry (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesgrea0000buza">The United States and the Great Powers</a>. Cambridge: Polity Press. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesgrea0000buza/page/71">71</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7456-3375-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7456-3375-6"><bdi>978-0-7456-3375-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+and+the+Great+Powers&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Polity+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7456-3375-6&rft.aulast=Buzan&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funitedstatesgrea0000buza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109115032/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/articles/middle-east/8207-the-erosion-of-saudi-arabias-image-among-its-neighbours">"The erosion of Saudi Arabia's image among its neighbours"</a>. Middleeastmonitor.com. 7 Tachwedd 2013. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middleeastmonitor.com/articles/middle-east/8207-the-erosion-of-saudi-arabias-image-among-its-neighbours">gwreiddiol</a> ar 9 Tachwedd 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+erosion+of+Saudi+Arabia%27s+image+among+its+neighbours&rft.pub=Middleeastmonitor.com&rft.date=2013-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2Farticles%2Fmiddle-east%2F8207-the-erosion-of-saudi-arabias-image-among-its-neighbours&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/Basic">"United Nations Statistics Division - National Accounts"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Statistics+Division+-+National+Accounts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funstats.un.org%2Funsd%2Fsnaama%2FBasic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200213113722/http://investsaudi.sa/en/node-1140/">"Why Saudi Arabia"</a>. Invest Saudi. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investsaudi.sa/en/node-1140/">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2020-02-13. Cyrchwyd 17 Chwefror 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Invest+Saudi&rft.atitle=Why+Saudi+Arabia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvestsaudi.sa%2Fen%2Fnode-1140%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_State_Dept_Saudi_Arabia-17"><a href="#cite_ref-US_State_Dept_Saudi_Arabia_17-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3584.htm">"Background Note: Saudi Arabia"</a>. U.S. State Department.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+Note%3A+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pub=U.S.+State+Department&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F3584.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFLewis2003" class="citation book">Lewis, Bernard (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crisisofislamhol00lewi">The Crisis of Islam</a>. tt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crisisofislamhol00lewi/page/23">xx</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-679-64281-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-679-64281-7"><bdi>978-0-679-64281-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crisis+of+Islam&rft.pages=xx&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-679-64281-7&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrisisofislamhol00lewi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Safran1988-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Safran1988_19-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFSafran1988" class="citation book">Safran, Nadav (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zSkIi_1T1FsC&pg=PA55">Saudi Arabia: The Ceaseless Quest for Security</a>. Cornell University Press. t. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8014-9484-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8014-9484-0"><bdi>978-0-8014-9484-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia%3A+The+Ceaseless+Quest+for+Security&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-9484-0&rft.aulast=Safran&rft.aufirst=Nadav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzSkIi_1T1FsC%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFWilson,_Peter_W.Graham,_Douglas1994" class="citation book">Wilson, Peter W.; Graham, Douglas (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K_c9FOeeuewC&pg=PA46">Saudi Arabia: the coming storm</a>. t. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-56324-394-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-56324-394-3"><bdi>978-1-56324-394-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia%3A+the+coming+storm&rft.pages=46&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-56324-394-3&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Peter+W.&rft.au=Graham%2C+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK_c9FOeeuewC%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFWynbrandtGerges2010" class="citation book">Wynbrandt, James; Gerges, Fawaz A. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofsa0000wynb">A Brief History of Saudi Arabia</a>. t. xvii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8160-7876-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8160-7876-9"><bdi>978-0-8160-7876-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pages=xvii&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-7876-9&rft.aulast=Wynbrandt&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Gerges%2C+Fawaz+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbriefhistoryofsa0000wynb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFHariri-RifaiHariri-Rifai1990" class="citation book">Hariri-Rifai, Wahbi; Hariri-Rifai, Mokhless (1990). The heritage of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. t. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-9624483-0-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-9624483-0-0"><bdi>978-0-9624483-0-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+heritage+of+the+Kingdom+of+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-9624483-0-0&rft.aulast=Hariri-Rifai&rft.aufirst=Wahbi&rft.au=Hariri-Rifai%2C+Mokhless&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> Callaway, Ewen (27 Ionawr 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110127/full/news.2011.55.html">"Early human migration written in stone tools : Nature News"</a>. Nature. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnews.2011.55">10.1038/news.2011.55</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110127/full/news.2011.55.html">http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110127/full/news.2011.55.html</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> Armitage, S. J.; Jasim, S. A.; Marks, A. E.; Parker, A. G.; Usik, V. I.; Uerpmann, H.-P. (2011). "Hints Of Earlier Human Exit From Africa". Science (Science News) 331 (6016): 453–456. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1199113">10.1126/science.1199113</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273486">21273486</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190817112321/http://paleolithic-neolithic.com/overview/al-magar/">"Al Magar – Paleolithic & Neolithic History"</a>. paleolithic-neolithic.com. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paleolithic-neolithic.com/overview/al-magar//">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2019-08-17. Cyrchwyd 2021-10-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=paleolithic-neolithic.com&rft.atitle=Al+Magar+%E2%80%93+Paleolithic+%26+Neolithic+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaleolithic-neolithic.com%2Foverview%2Fal-magar%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFSylvia2013" class="citation news">Sylvia, Smith (26 Chwefror 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-21538969">"Desert finds challenge horse taming ideas"</a>. BCC. Cyrchwyd 13 Tachwedd 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Desert+finds+challenge+horse+taming+ideas&rft.date=2013-02-26&rft.aulast=Sylvia&rft.aufirst=Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-21538969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSylvia2013"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-21538969">"Desert finds challenge horse taming ideas"</a>. BCC. Retrieved 13 November 2016.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFGrimm2017" class="citation web">Grimm, David (16 Tachwedd 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/11/these-may-be-world-s-first-images-dogs-and-they-re-wearing-leashes">"These Mai be the world's first images of dogsand they're wearing leashes"</a>. Cyrchwyd 18 Mehefin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=These+Mai+be+the+world%27s+first+images+of+dogsand+they%27re+wearing+leashes&rft.date=2017-11-16&rft.aulast=Grimm&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fnews%2F2017%2F11%2Fthese-may-be-world-s-first-images-dogs-and-they-re-wearing-leashes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> طرق التجارة القديمة، روائع آثار المملكة العربية السعودية pp. 156–157 </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> Scerri, Eleanor M. L.; Frouin, Marine; Breeze, Paul S.; Armitage, Simon J.; Candy, Ian; Groucutt, Huw S.; Drake, Nick; Parton, Ash et al. (2021-05-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=8115331">"The expansion of Acheulean hominins into the Nefud Desert of Arabia"</a> (yn en). Scientific Reports 11 (1): 10111. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021NatSR..1110111S">2021NatSR..1110111S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-021-89489-6">10.1038/s41598-021-89489-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8115331/?tool=pmcentrez">8115331</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33980918">33980918</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=8115331">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=8115331</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/606576">"Saudi Arabia discovers new archaeological site dating back to 350,000 years"</a>. Saudigazette (yn English). 2021-05-12. Cyrchwyd 2021-05-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saudigazette&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+discovers+new+archaeological+site+dating+back+to+350%2C000+years&rft.date=2021-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaudigazette.com.sa%2Farticle%2F606576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="/wiki/Categori:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language" title="Categori:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenationalnews.com/gulf/saudi-arabia/saudi-arabia-discovers-a-350-000-year-old-archaeological-site-in-hail-1.1221864">"Saudi Arabia discovers a 350,000-year-old archaeological site in Hail"</a>. The National (yn Saesneg). 2021-05-13. Cyrchwyd 2021-05-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+discovers+a+350%2C000-year-old+archaeological+site+in+Hail&rft.date=2021-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Fgulf%2Fsaudi-arabia%2Fsaudi-arabia-discovers-a-350-000-year-old-archaeological-site-in-hail-1.1221864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.com/node/1858031/amp">"Ancient site in Nefud Desert offers glimpse of early human activity in Saudi Arabia"</a>. Arab News (yn Saesneg). Cyrchwyd 2021-05-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=Ancient+site+in+Nefud+Desert+offers+glimpse+of+early+human+activity+in+Saudi+Arabia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1858031%2Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roads_of_Arabia_p._180-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Roads_of_Arabia_p._180_34-0">↑</a> Roads of Arabia p. 180 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> Koenig 1971; Payne 1983: Briggs 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-ArnoldStrawn2016-36"><a href="#cite_ref-ArnoldStrawn2016_36-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e9xrDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT462">The World around the Old Testament: The People and Places of the Ancient Near East</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Coogan2001-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Coogan2001_37-0">↑</a> Michael D. Coogan. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> Knauf, 1988 </li> <li id="cite_note-Midian_p._163-39">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Midian_p._163_39-0">39.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Midian_p._163_39-1">39.1</a> Midian, Moab and Edom: The History and Archaeology of Late Bronze and Iron Age Jordan and North-West Arabia p. 163. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lihyan_p._192-40">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Lihyan_p._192_40-0">40.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lihyan_p._192_40-1">40.1</a> The State of Lihyan: A New Perspective – p. 192 </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> J. Schiettecatte: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/29477825/2016_-_The_political_map_of_Arabia_and_the_Middle_East_in_the_third_century_AD_revealed_by_a_Sabaean_inscription._Arabian_Archaeology_and_Epigraphy_27.2_176-196/">The political map of Arabia and the Middle East in the third century AD revealed by a Sabaean inscription</a> – p. 183 </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> The State of Lihyan: A New Perspective </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFTaylor2005" class="citation book">Taylor, Jane (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/petra0000tayl">Petra</a>. London: Aurum Press Ltd. tt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/petra0000tayl/page/25">25</a>–31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/9957-451-04-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/9957-451-04-9"><bdi>9957-451-04-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Petra&rft.place=London&rft.pages=25-31&rft.pub=Aurum+Press+Ltd&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9957-451-04-9&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpetra0000tayl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rein_Taagepera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rein Taagepera (dim tudalen ar gael)">Taagepera, Rein</a> (September 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3cn68807">"Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Studies_Quarterly" title="International Studies Quarterly">International Studies Quarterly</a> 41 (3): 475–504. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2F0020-8833.00053">10.1111/0020-8833.00053</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2600793">2600793</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3cn68807">http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3cn68807</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Blankinship-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Blankinship_45-0">↑</a> Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1994), The End of the Jihad State, the Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd-al Malik and the collapse of the Umayyads, State University of New York Press, p. 37, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7914-1827-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7914-1827-7">978-0-7914-1827-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFGordon2005" class="citation book">Gordon, Matthew (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riseofislam0000gord">The Rise of Islam</a>. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riseofislam0000gord/page/4">4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-313-32522-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-313-32522-9"><bdi>978-0-313-32522-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Islam&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32522-9&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Friseofislam0000gord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-James_E._Lindsay_2005_33-47">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-James_E._Lindsay_2005_33_47-0">47.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-James_E._Lindsay_2005_33_47-1">47.1</a> <cite id="CITEREFLindsay2005" class="citation book">Lindsay, James E. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinmedie00lind/page/33">Daily Life in the Medieval Islamic World</a>. Greenwood Press. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinmedie00lind/page/33">33</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-313-32270-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-313-32270-9"><bdi>978-0-313-32270-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daily+Life+in+the+Medieval+Islamic+World&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32270-9&rft.aulast=Lindsay&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdailylifeinmedie00lind%2Fpage%2F33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Gordon_East1971" class="citation book">William Gordon East (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/changingmapofasi0000east/page/75">The changing map of Asia</a>. tt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/changingmapofasi0000east/page/75">75–76</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-416-16850-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-416-16850-1"><bdi>978-0-416-16850-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+changing+map+of+Asia&rft.pages=75-76&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-416-16850-1&rft.au=William+Gordon+East&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchangingmapofasi0000east%2Fpage%2F75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia#Bowen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabia">Bowen</a>, pp. 69–70 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFHarrisMewsMorrisShepherd1992" class="citation book">Harris, Ian; Mews, Stuart; Morris, Paul; Shepherd, John (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780582086951">Contemporary Religions: A World Guide</a>. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780582086951/page/369">369</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-582-08695-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-582-08695-1"><bdi>978-0-582-08695-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Religions%3A+A+World+Guide&rft.pages=369&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-582-08695-1&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Mews%2C+Stuart&rft.au=Morris%2C+Paul&rft.au=Shepherd%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780582086951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFFaksh1997" class="citation book">Faksh, Mahmud A. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/futureofislaminm0000faks/page/89">The Future of Islam in the Middle East</a>. tt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/futureofislaminm0000faks/page/89">89–90</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-275-95128-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-275-95128-3"><bdi>978-0-275-95128-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Future+of+Islam+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=89-90&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-275-95128-3&rft.aulast=Faksh&rft.aufirst=Mahmud+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffutureofislaminm0000faks%2Fpage%2F89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> D. Gold (6 April 2003) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcpa.org/art/nypost-dg6apr03.htm">"Reining in Riyadh"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190210050256/http://www.jcpa.org/art/nypost-dg6apr03.htm">Archifwyd</a> 2019-02-10 yn y <a href="/wiki/Peiriant_Wayback" title="Peiriant Wayback">Peiriant Wayback</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/saudi-arabia/7.htm">The Saud Family and Wahhabi Islam</a>". </li> <li id="cite_note-Murphy-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Murphy_54-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFMurphy2008" class="citation book">Murphy, David (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arabrevolt1916180000murp">The Arab Revolt 1916–18: Lawrence Sets Arabia Ablaze</a>. tt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arabrevolt1916180000murp/page/5">5</a>–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-84603-339-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-84603-339-1"><bdi>978-1-84603-339-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab+Revolt+1916%E2%80%9318%3A+Lawrence+Sets+Arabia+Ablaze&rft.pages=5-8&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-339-1&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farabrevolt1916180000murp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFMadawi_Al_Rasheed1997" class="citation book">Madawi Al Rasheed (1997). Politics in an Arabian Oasis: The Rashidis of Saudi Arabia. t. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-86064-193-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-86064-193-0"><bdi>978-1-86064-193-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+in+an+Arabian+Oasis%3A+The+Rashidis+of+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pages=81&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-193-0&rft.au=Madawi+Al+Rasheed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFAndersonWilliam_Bayne_Fisher2000" class="citation book">Anderson, Ewan W.; William Bayne Fisher (2000). The Middle East: Geography and Geopolitics. t. 106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-415-07667-8" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-415-07667-8"><bdi>978-0-415-07667-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Middle+East%3A+Geography+and+Geopolitics&rft.pages=106&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-415-07667-8&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Ewan+W.&rft.au=William+Bayne+Fisher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFR._Hrair_Dekmejian1994" class="citation book">R. Hrair Dekmejian (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islaminrevolutio00dekm/page/131">Islam in Revolution: Fundamentalism in the Arab World</a>. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islaminrevolutio00dekm/page/131">131</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8156-2635-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8156-2635-0"><bdi>978-0-8156-2635-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+in+Revolution%3A+Fundamentalism+in+the+Arab+World&rft.pages=131&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-2635-0&rft.au=R.+Hrair+Dekmejian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislaminrevolutio00dekm%2Fpage%2F131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFTuckerPriscilla_Mary_Roberts205" class="citation book">Tucker, Spencer; Priscilla Mary Roberts (205). The Encyclopedia of World War I. t. 565. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-85109-420-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-85109-420-2"><bdi>978-1-85109-420-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+World+War+I&rft.pages=565&rft.date=205&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-420-2&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft.au=Priscilla+Mary+Roberts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFHourani2005" class="citation book">Hourani, Albert (2005). A History of the Arab Peoples. tt. 315–319. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-571-22664-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-571-22664-1"><bdi>978-0-571-22664-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Arab+Peoples&rft.pages=315-319&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-571-22664-1&rft.aulast=Hourani&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/Data%20for%20all%20countries%20from%201988%E2%80%932019%20as%20a%20share%20of%20GDP.pdf">Military expenditure by country as a percentage of gross domestic product, 1988–2019 © SIPRI 2020</a> (PDF). SIPRI.ORG. 2020. t. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+expenditure+by+country+as+a+percentage+of+gross+domestic+product%2C+1988%E2%80%932019+%C2%A9+SIPRI+2020&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=SIPRI.ORG&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sipri.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FData%2520for%2520all%2520countries%2520from%25201988%25E2%2580%25932019%2520as%2520a%2520share%2520of%2520GDP.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Library_of_Congress_2006-61">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Library_of_Congress_2006_61-0">61.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Library_of_Congress_2006_61-1">61.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/collections/country-studies/about-this-collection/">"About this Collection | Country Studies | Digital Collections | Library of Congress"</a>. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress%2C+Washington%2C+D.C.+20540+USA&rft.atitle=About+this+Collection+%26%23124%3B+Country+Studies+%26%23124%3B+Digital+Collections+%26%23124%3B+Library+of+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcollections%2Fcountry-studies%2Fabout-this-collection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-QV-62"><a href="#cite_ref-QV_62-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFVenter2007" class="citation book">Venter, Al J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/allahsbombislami0000vent/page/150">Allah's Bomb: The Islamic Quest for Nuclear Weapons</a>. Globe Pequot. tt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/allahsbombislami0000vent/page/150">150–153</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-59921-205-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-59921-205-0"><bdi>978-1-59921-205-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allah%27s+Bomb%3A+The+Islamic+Quest+for+Nuclear+Weapons&rft.pages=150-153&rft.pub=Globe+Pequot&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59921-205-0&rft.aulast=Venter&rft.aufirst=Al+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fallahsbombislami0000vent%2Fpage%2F150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPO-63"><a href="#cite_ref-SPO_63-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031107031736/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/EK07Ak01.html">"Saudi Arabia's nuclear gambit"</a>. Asia Times. 7 Tachwedd 2003. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/EK07Ak01.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 7 Tachwedd 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+nuclear+gambit&rft.date=2003-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FMiddle_East%2FEK07Ak01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFPike2005" class="citation web">Pike, John (27 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/gulf/sang.htm">"Saudi Arabian National Guard"</a>. Globalsecurity.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabian+National+Guard&rft.pub=Globalsecurity.org&rft.date=2005-04-27&rft.aulast=Pike&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Fworld%2Fgulf%2Fsang.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-65"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_65-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iiss.org/blogs/military-balance/2020/02/global-defence-spending">Global defence spending: the United States widens the gap</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies (dim tudalen ar gael)">IISS</a>) – 14 Chwefror 2020 </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101111112056/https://fas.org/asmp/profiles/saudi_arabia.htm">"Saudi Arabia"</a>. fas.org. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/asmp/profiles/saudi_arabia.htm">gwreiddiol</a> ar 11 Tachwedd 2010. Cyrchwyd 11 Tachwedd 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fas.org&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fasmp%2Fprofiles%2Fsaudi_arabia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFTeitelbaum,_Joshua2010" class="citation web">Teitelbaum, Joshua (4 Tachwedd 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101205012554/http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=1&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=376&PID=0&IID=5177&TTL=Arms_for_the_King_and_His_Family%3A_The_U.S._Arms_Sale_to_Saudi_Arabia">"Arms for the King and His Family"</a>. Jcpa.org. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=1&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=376&PID=0&IID=5177&TTL=Arms_for_the_King_and_His_Family:_The_U.S._Arms_Sale_to_Saudi_Arabia">gwreiddiol</a> ar 5 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arms+for+the+King+and+His+Family&rft.pub=Jcpa.org&rft.date=2010-11-04&rft.au=Teitelbaum%2C+Joshua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcpa.org%2FJCPA%2FTemplates%2FShowPage.asp%3FDRIT%3D1%26DBID%3D1%26LNGID%3D1%26TMID%3D111%26FID%3D376%26PID%3D0%26IID%3D5177%26TTL%3DArms_for_the_King_and_His_Family%3A_The_U.S._Arms_Sale_to_Saudi_Arabia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJE_2013_spending-68"><a href="#cite_ref-AJE_2013_spending_68-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/04/saudi-leads-middle-east-military-spending-201441411547583667.html">"Saudis lead Middle East military spending"</a>. 14 April 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFGardner1981" class="citation book">Gardner, Charles (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britishaircraftc0000gard">British Aircraft Corporation</a>. B.T. Batsford Ltd. tt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britishaircraftc0000gard/page/224">224</a>–249. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7134-3815-4" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7134-3815-4"><bdi>978-0-7134-3815-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Aircraft+Corporation&rft.pages=224-249&rft.pub=B.T.+Batsford+Ltd&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-7134-3815-4&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbritishaircraftc0000gard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFO'Connell2006" class="citation news">O'Connell, Dominic (20 Awst 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907153551/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2095-2320097,00.html">"BAE cashes in on £40bn Arab jet deal"</a>. The Sunday Times. London. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2095-2320097,00.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2008-09-07. Cyrchwyd 2021-10-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=BAE+cashes+in+on+%C2%A340bn+Arab+jet+deal&rft.date=2006-08-20&rft.aulast=O%27Connell&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C2095-2320097%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919124540/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-saudi-britain-defence-idUKBRE84M0JN20120523">"Saudi Arabia"</a>. Reuters. 23 Mai 2012. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-saudi-britain-defence-idUKBRE84M0JN20120523">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2020-09-19. Cyrchwyd 2021-10-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia&rft.date=2012-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-saudi-britain-defence-idUKBRE84M0JN20120523&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stokes605-72">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Stokes605_72-0">72.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stokes605_72-1">72.1</a> <cite id="CITEREFStokes2009" class="citation book">Stokes, Jamie (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe0000unse_h6k0">Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Volume 1</a>. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe0000unse_h6k0/page/605">605</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8160-7158-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8160-7158-6"><bdi>978-0-8160-7158-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Peoples+of+Africa+and+the+Middle+East%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=605&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-7158-6&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofpe0000unse_h6k0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html">"CIA World Factbook – Rank Order: Area"</a>. 26 Ionawr 2012. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2014-02-09. Cyrchwyd 2021-10-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CIA+World+Factbook+%E2%80%93+Rank+Order%3A+Area&rft.date=2012-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2147rank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFUniversity_Microfilms2004" class="citation book">University Microfilms (2004). Dissertation Abstracts International: The sciences and engineering. t. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dissertation+Abstracts+International%3A+The+sciences+and+engineering&rft.pages=23&rft.date=2004&rft.au=University+Microfilms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFVincent,_Peter2008" class="citation book">Vincent, Peter (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vacv2wy3yd8C&lpg=PA141">Saudi Arabia: an environmental overview</a>. Taylor & Francis. t. 141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-415-41387-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-415-41387-9"><bdi>978-0-415-41387-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia%3A+an+environmental+overview&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-415-41387-9&rft.au=Vincent%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVacv2wy3yd8C%26lpg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stepfeed.com/snow-city-saudi-arabia-s-tabuk-region-dresses-in-white-to-mesmerize-people-0481">"Snow City: Saudi Arabia's Tabuk region dresses in white to mesmerize people"</a>. stepfeed.com. 13 Ionawr 2020. Cyrchwyd 2021-01-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stepfeed.com&rft.atitle=Snow+City%3A+Saudi+Arabia%27s+Tabuk+region+dresses+in+white+to+mesmerize+people&rft.date=2020-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstepfeed.com%2Fsnow-city-saudi-arabia-s-tabuk-region-dresses-in-white-to-mesmerize-people-0481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SaudiCC-77"><a href="#cite_ref-SaudiCC_77-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/saunc2.pdf">"Second National Communication"</a> (PDF). Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. t. 2. Cyrchwyd 24 Hydref 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Second+National+Communication&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Kingdom+of+Saudi+Arabia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funfccc.int%2Fresource%2Fdocs%2Fnatc%2Fsaunc2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-weather-78"><a href="#cite_ref-weather_78-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/reports/climate/Saudi-Arabia.htm">"Saudi Arabia"</a>. Weather Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia&rft.pub=Weather+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatheronline.co.uk%2Freports%2Fclimate%2FSaudi-Arabia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/art-and-culture/2017/05/02/Saudi-Arabia-s-1000-islands-.html">"VIDEO: Do you know there are 1,300 islands in Saudi Arabia?"</a>. english.alarabiya.net. 3 Awst 2017. Cyrchwyd 2019-10-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.alarabiya.net&rft.atitle=VIDEO%3A+Do+you+know+there+are+1%2C300+islands+in+Saudi+Arabia%3F&rft.date=2017-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2Flife-style%2Fart-and-culture%2F2017%2F05%2F02%2FSaudi-Arabia-s-1000-islands-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-80"><a href="#cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_80-0">↑</a> Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; Hahn, Nathan; Palminteri, Suzanne et al. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5451287">"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"</a>. BioScience 67 (6): 534–545. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014">10.1093/biosci/bix014</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0006-3568">0006-3568</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287/?tool=pmcentrez">5451287</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28608869">28608869</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5451287">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5451287</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Judas_et_al.,_2006-81"><a href="#cite_ref-Judas_et_al.,_2006_81-0">↑</a> Judas, J.; Paillat, P.; Khoja, A.; Boug, A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/leopard/Judas_et_al_2006_Status_of_the_Arabian_Leopard_in_Saudi_Arabia.pdf">"Status of the Arabian leopard in Saudi Arabia"</a>. Cat News Special Issue 1: 11–19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/leopard/Judas_et_al_2006_Status_of_the_Arabian_Leopard_in_Saudi_Arabia.pdf">http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/leopard/Judas_et_al_2006_Status_of_the_Arabian_Leopard_in_Saudi_Arabia.pdf</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Spalton_et_al.,_2006-82"><a href="#cite_ref-Spalton_et_al.,_2006_82-0">↑</a> Spalton, J.A.; Al-Hikmani, H.M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yemenileopard.org/files/cms/reports/Cat_News_Special_Issue_1_-_Arabian_leopard.pdf">"The Leopard in the Arabian Peninsula – Distribution and Subspecies Status"</a>. Cat News (Special Issue 1): 4–8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.yemenileopard.org/files/cms/reports/Cat_News_Special_Issue_1_-_Arabian_leopard.pdf">http://www.yemenileopard.org/files/cms/reports/Cat_News_Special_Issue_1_-_Arabian_leopard.pdf</a>. Adalwyd 2021-10-15. </li> <li id="cite_note-Nowell1996-83"><a href="#cite_ref-Nowell1996_83-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFNowell,_K.Jackson,_P.1996" class="citation book">Nowell, K.; Jackson, P. (1996). "Asiatic cheetah". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wildcatsstatussu00pete">Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan</a>. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. tt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wildcatsstatussu00pete/page/41">41</a>–44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-2-8317-0045-8" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-2-8317-0045-8"><bdi>978-2-8317-0045-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Asiatic+cheetah&rft.btitle=Wild+Cats%3A+Status+Survey+and+Conservation+Action+Plan&rft.place=Gland%2C+Switzerland&rft.pages=41-44&rft.pub=IUCN%2FSSC+Cat+Specialist+Group&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-2-8317-0045-8&rft.au=Nowell%2C+K.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwildcatsstatussu00pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nader_al1989-84"><a href="#cite_ref-Nader_al1989_84-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFNader1989" class="citation book">Nader, I. A. (1989). "Rare and endangered mammals of Saudi Arabia". In Abu-Zinada, A. H.; Goriup, P. D.; Nader, L. A (gol.). Wildlife conservation and development in Saudi Arabia. <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>. tt. 220–228.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rare+and+endangered+mammals+of+Saudi+Arabia&rft.btitle=Wildlife+conservation+and+development+in+Saudi+Arabia&rft.place=Riyadh&rft.pages=220-228&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Nader&rft.aufirst=I.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fishbase-85">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-fishbase_85-0">85.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fishbase_85-1">85.1</a> <cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly,_Daniel2009" class="citation web">Froese, Ranier; Pauly, Daniel (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=5">"FishBase"</a>. Cyrchwyd 12 Mawrth 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FishBase&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Froese&rft.aufirst=Ranier&rft.au=Pauly%2C+Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2FTrophicEco%2FFishEcoList.php%3Fve_code%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFSiliotti2002" class="citation book">Siliotti, A. (2002). Verona, Geodia (gol.). Fishes of the red sea. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-88-87177-42-8" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-88-87177-42-8"><bdi>978-88-87177-42-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fishes+of+the+red+sea&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-88-87177-42-8&rft.aulast=Siliotti&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arab.net/saudi/sa_admindivisions.htm">"Saudi Arabia: Administrative divisions"</a>. arab.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia%3A+Administrative+divisions&rft.pub=arab.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arab.net%2Fsaudi%2Fsa_admindivisions.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120417231457/http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/country-information/facts_and_figures/">"About Saudi Arabia: Facts and figures "</a>. The Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Washington D.C. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saudiembassy.net/about/country-information/facts_and_figures/">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2012-04-17. Cyrchwyd 24 Ebrill 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Saudi+Arabia%3A+Facts+and+figures+&rft.pub=The+Royal+Embassy+of+Saudi+Arabia%2C+Washington+D.C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saudiembassy.net%2Fabout%2Fcountry-information%2Ffacts_and_figures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EIU-89"><a href="#cite_ref-EIU_89-0">↑</a> (2013 edition behind paywall) <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pages.eiu.com/rs/eiu2/images/Democracy-Index-2012.pdf">Democracy index 2012 Democracy at a standstill</a> (PDF). The Economist Intelligence Unit. 2012. Cyrchwyd 13 Hydref 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy+index+2012+Democracy+at+a+standstill&rft.pub=The+Economist+Intelligence+Unit&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpages.eiu.com%2Frs%2Feiu2%2Fimages%2FDemocracy-Index-2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"> Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Cymorth:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup" title="Cymorth:CS1 errors">help</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFWilsonGraham,_Douglas1994" class="citation book">Wilson, Peter W.; Graham, Douglas (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=K_c9FOeeuewC&pg=PA46">Saudi Arabia: the coming storm</a>. t. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/1-56324-394-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/1-56324-394-6"><bdi>1-56324-394-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia%3A+the+coming+storm&rft.pages=46&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-56324-394-6&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Peter+W.&rft.au=Graham%2C+Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK_c9FOeeuewC%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kamrava-91"><a href="#cite_ref-Kamrava_91-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFKamrava2011" class="citation book">Kamrava, Mehran (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=CkLHZCzMEJkC&pg=PA67">The Modern Middle East: A Political History Since the First World War</a>. t. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-520-26774-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-520-26774-9"><bdi>978-0-520-26774-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modern+Middle+East%3A+A+Political+History+Since+the+First+World+War&rft.pages=67&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-520-26774-9&rft.aulast=Kamrava&rft.aufirst=Mehran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCkLHZCzMEJkC%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFHariri-RifaiHariri-Rifai,_Mokhless1990" class="citation book">Hariri-Rifai, Wahbi; Hariri-Rifai, Mokhless (1990). The heritage of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. t. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-9624483-0-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-9624483-0-0"><bdi>978-0-9624483-0-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+heritage+of+the+Kingdom+of+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-9624483-0-0&rft.aulast=Hariri-Rifai&rft.aufirst=Wahbi&rft.au=Hariri-Rifai%2C+Mokhless&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">"Islamic State sets sights on Saudi Arabia". <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30061109">http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30061109</a>. BBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-30061109&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+sets+sights+on+Saudi+Arabia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Cymorth:CS1_errors#bad_date" title="Cymorth:CS1 errors">help</a>); External link in <code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Cymorth:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Cymorth:CS1 errors">help</a>); Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Cymorth:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" title="Cymorth:CS1 errors">help</a>); <code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Cymorth:CS1_errors#accessdate_missing_url" title="Cymorth:CS1 errors">help</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a> Papur yr Independent; 24 Ionawr 2015 tudalen 5 </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1995-95"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1995_95-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/169.htm">"Saudi Arabia"</a>. OPEC. 1 Ionawr 1995. Cyrchwyd 28 Medi 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia&rft.pub=OPEC&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opec.org%2Fopec_web%2Fen%2Fabout_us%2F169.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2011/06/08/137065443/opec-decides-not-to-increase-oil-production">"OPEC Decides Not To Increase Oil Production"</a>, Jeff Brady. </li> <li id="cite_note-undp-97"><a href="#cite_ref-undp_97-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120528085109/http://arabstates.undp.org/subpage.php?spid=31&sscid=142">"Saudi Arabia's first step towards clean energy technologies"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Development_Programme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Development Programme (dim tudalen ar gael)">UNDP</a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arabstates.undp.org/subpage.php?spid=31&sscid=142">gwreiddiol</a> ar 28 Mai 2012. Cyrchwyd 5 Chwefror 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+first+step+towards+clean+energy+technologies&rft.pub=UNDP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farabstates.undp.org%2Fsubpage.php%3Fspid%3D31%26sscid%3D142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a> Balamir Coşkun, Bezen (Winter 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uidergisi.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Global-Energy-Geopolitics-and-Iran.pdf">"Global Energy Geopolitics and Iran"</a>. Uluslararası İlişkiler 5 (20): 179–201. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.uidergisi.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Global-Energy-Geopolitics-and-Iran.pdf">http://www.uidergisi.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Global-Energy-Geopolitics-and-Iran.pdf</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFAnthony2016" class="citation web">Anthony, Craig (12 Medi 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets-economy/090516/10-countries-most-natural-resources.asp">"10 Countries With The Most Natural Resources"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Investopedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Investopedia (dim tudalen ar gael)">Investopedia</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Investopedia&rft.atitle=10+Countries+With+The+Most+Natural+Resources&rft.date=2016-09-12&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Farticles%2Fmarkets-economy%2F090516%2F10-countries-most-natural-resources.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFBy_Nayla_Razzouk_and_Claudia_Carpenter2017" class="citation news">By Nayla Razzouk and Claudia Carpenter (19 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-19/saudi-arabia-sees-higher-oil-revenue-as-opec-cuts-boost-prices">"Saudi Arabia Sees Higher Oil Revenue as OPEC Cuts Boost Prices"</a>. Bloomberg.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+Sees+Higher+Oil+Revenue+as+OPEC+Cuts+Boost+Prices&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft.au=By+Nayla+Razzouk+and+Claudia+Carpenter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2017-12-19%2Fsaudi-arabia-sees-higher-oil-revenue-as-opec-cuts-boost-prices&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oec.world/en/profile/country/sau/">"OEC – Saudi Arabia (SAU) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners"</a>. oec.world. Cyrchwyd 15 Awst 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oec.world&rft.atitle=OEC+%E2%80%93+Saudi+Arabia+%28SAU%29+Exports%2C+Imports%2C+and+Trade+Partners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foec.world%2Fen%2Fprofile%2Fcountry%2Fsau%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-coy-employ-102"><a href="#cite_ref-coy-employ_102-0">↑</a> Coy, Peter (16 Gorffennaf 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-07-16/can-online-classes-fix-saudi-arabias-broken-labor-market">"Online Education Targets Saudi Arabia's Labor Problem, Starting With Women"</a>. Bloomberg Businessweek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-07-16/can-online-classes-fix-saudi-arabias-broken-labor-market">http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-07-16/can-online-classes-fix-saudi-arabias-broken-labor-market</a>. "Saudi citizens account for two-thirds of employment in the high-paying, comfortable public sector, but only one-fifth of employment in the more dynamic private sector, according to the International Monetary Fund (PDF)." </li> <li id="cite_note-McDowall-103"><a href="#cite_ref-McDowall_103-0">↑</a> Economists "estimate only 30–40 percent of working-age Saudis hold jobs or actively seek work," the official employment rate of around 12 percent notwithstanding: <cite id="CITEREFMcDowall2014" class="citation news">McDowall, Angus (19 Ionawr 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/business/2014/01/20/Saudi-Arabiya-doubles-number-of-citizens-in-private-sector-jobs.html">"Saudi Arabia doubles private sector jobs in 30-month period"</a>. Reuters.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+doubles+private+sector+jobs+in+30-month+period&rft.date=2014-01-19&rft.aulast=McDowall&rft.aufirst=Angus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2Fbusiness%2F2014%2F01%2F20%2FSaudi-Arabiya-doubles-number-of-citizens-in-private-sector-jobs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HT2009:_150-104"><a href="#cite_ref-HT2009:_150_104-0">↑</a> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia#HT2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabia">Tripp, Culture Shock, 2009</a>: p. 206 </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/reserves.html">"World Proved Reserves of Oil and Natural Gas, Most Recent Estimates"</a>. Eia.doe.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Proved+Reserves+of+Oil+and+Natural+Gas%2C+Most+Recent+Estimates&rft.pub=Eia.doe.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.doe.gov%2Femeu%2Finternational%2Freserves.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-29/saudi-prince-mbs-s-vision-2030-confronts-coronavirus-oil-shock">"Saudi Prince's Year of Prestige Is Unraveling in Front of Him"</a>. Bloomberg. Cyrchwyd 29 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Saudi+Prince%27s+Year+of+Prestige+Is+Unraveling+in+Front+of+Him&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2020-04-29%2Fsaudi-prince-mbs-s-vision-2030-confronts-coronavirus-oil-shock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-05-02/saudi-arabia-looking-at-painful-measures-deep-spending-cuts">"Saudi Arabia Looks at 'Painful' Measures, Deep Spending Cuts"</a>. Bloomberg. Cyrchwyd 2 Mai 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+Looks+at+%27Painful%27+Measures%2C+Deep+Spending+Cuts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2020-05-02%2Fsaudi-arabia-looking-at-painful-measures-deep-spending-cuts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-State2010-108">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-State2010_108-0">108.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-State2010_108-1">108.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-State2010_108-2">108.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-State2010_108-3">108.3</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110412164532/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154472.htm">"2010 Human Rights Report: Saudi Arabia"</a>. U.S. State Department. 8 April 2011. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2011-04-12. Cyrchwyd 11 Gorffennaf 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+Human+Rights+Report%3A+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pub=U.S.+State+Department&rft.date=2011-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fg%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Fhrrpt%2F2010%2Fnea%2F154472.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Categori:CS1_maint:_BOT:_original-url_status_unknown" title="Categori:CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"><cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. </cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpost.com-109"><a href="#cite_ref-jpost.com_109-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/women-in-saudi-arabia-to-be-allowed-to-live-travel-without-male-guardian-671041">"Women in Saudi Arabia to be allowed to live, travel without male guardian"</a>. The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com (yn Saesneg). Cyrchwyd 2021-06-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%7C+JPost.com&rft.atitle=Women+in+Saudi+Arabia+to+be+allowed+to+live%2C+travel+without+male+guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fmiddle-east%2Fwomen-in-saudi-arabia-to-be-allowed-to-live-travel-without-male-guardian-671041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRWPM2-110"><a href="#cite_ref-HRWPM2_110-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFHuman_Rights_Watch2008" class="citation book">Human Rights Watch (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nFv4d6LdyFEC">Perpetual Minors: human rights abuses from male guardianship and sex segregation in Saudi Arabia</a>. t. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perpetual+Minors%3A+human+rights+abuses+from+male+guardianship+and+sex+segregation+in+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Human+Rights+Watch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnFv4d6LdyFEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2017/05/04/Saudi-women-no-longer-need-male-guardian-consents-to-receive-services-.html">"Saudi women no longer need male guardian consents to receive services"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Arbiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Arbiya (dim tudalen ar gael)">Al Arbiya</a>. 4 Mai 2017. Cyrchwyd 10 Mai 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Arbiya&rft.atitle=Saudi+women+no+longer+need+male+guardian+consents+to+receive+services&rft.date=2017-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fgulf%2F2017%2F05%2F04%2FSaudi-women-no-longer-need-male-guardian-consents-to-receive-services-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFSharman2017" class="citation web">Sharman, Jon (4 Mai 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-male-guardianship-relax-women-work-study-gender-equality-a7721641.html">"Saudi Arabia to let women work and study without man's permission"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. Cyrchwyd 10 Mai 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+to+let+women+work+and+study+without+man%27s+permission&rft.date=2017-05-04&rft.aulast=Sharman&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fsaudi-arabia-male-guardianship-relax-women-work-study-gender-equality-a7721641.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=ia&ID=IA31206">"Saudi Writer and Journalist Wajeha Al-Huwaider Fights for Women's Rights"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=MEMRI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEMRI (dim tudalen ar gael)">MEMRI</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Writer+and+Journalist+Wajeha+Al-Huwaider+Fights+for+Women%27s+Rights&rft.pub=MEMRI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemri.org%2Fbin%2Farticles.cgi%3FPage%3Darchives%26Area%3Dia%26ID%3DIA31206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">↑</a> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia#Long" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabia">Long</a>, p. 66 </li> <li id="cite_note-Otto164-115"><a href="#cite_ref-Otto164_115-0">↑</a> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia#Otto" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabia">Otto</a>, p. 164 </li> <li id="cite_note-Otto163-116">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Otto163_116-0">116.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Otto163_116-1">116.1</a> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia#Otto" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabia">Otto</a>, p. 163 </li> <li id="cite_note-Otto165-117">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Otto165_117-0">117.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Otto165_117-1">117.1</a> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia#Otto" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabia">Otto</a>, p. 165 </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-15052030">"Women in Saudi Arabia to vote and run in elections"</a>. BBC News. 25 Medi 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Women+in+Saudi+Arabia+to+vote+and+run+in+elections&rft.date=2011-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-15052030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"><cite class="citation news cs1">BBC News. 25 Medi 2011.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35075702">"Saudi Arabia's women vote in election for first time"</a>. BBC News. 12 December 2015. Cyrchwyd 27 Medi 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+women+vote+in+election+for+first+time&rft.date=2015-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-35075702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/26/saudi-king-issues-decree-allowing-women-to-drive-report.html">"Saudi King issues decree allowing women to drive"</a>. CNBC. 26 Medi 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+King+issues+decree+allowing+women+to+drive&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Fsaudi-king-issues-decree-allowing-women-to-drive-report.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180331104139/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2018/02/18/Saudi-women-to-start-own-business-without-male-permission.html">"Saudi women to start own business without male permission"</a>. Al Arabiya. 18 Chwefror 2018. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2018/02/18/Saudi-women-to-start-own-business-without-male-permission.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 31 Mawrth 2018. Cyrchwyd 30 Mawrth 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya&rft.atitle=Saudi+women+to+start+own+business+without+male+permission&rft.date=2018-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fgulf%2F2018%2F02%2F18%2FSaudi-women-to-start-own-business-without-male-permission.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFQiblawi2018" class="citation news">Qiblawi, Tamara (12 Mawrth 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/12/middleeast/saudi-arabia-custody-law-intl/index.html">"Divorced Saudi women win right to get custody of children"</a>. CNN. Cyrchwyd 24 Medi 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Divorced+Saudi+women+win+right+to+get+custody+of+children&rft.date=2018-03-12&rft.aulast=Qiblawi&rft.aufirst=Tamara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F03%2F12%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsaudi-arabia-custody-law-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFcorrespondent2019" class="citation news">correspondent, Martin Chulov Middle East (3 Awst 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/03/we-feel-empowered-saudi-women-relish-new-freedoms">"'We feel empowered': Saudi women relish their new freedoms"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Cyrchwyd 4 Awst 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27We+feel+empowered%27%3A+Saudi+women+relish+their+new+freedoms&rft.date=2019-08-03&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=correspondent&rft.aufirst=Martin+Chulov+Middle+East&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Faug%2F03%2Fwe-feel-empowered-saudi-women-relish-new-freedoms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nation.com.pk/02-Aug-2019/saudi-arabia-to-allow-adult-women-to-travel-register-divorce">"Saudi Arabia to allow adult women to travel, register divorce"</a>. The Nation. 2 Awst 2019. Cyrchwyd 4 Awst 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+to+allow+adult+women+to+travel%2C+register+divorce&rft.date=2019-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnation.com.pk%2F02-Aug-2019%2Fsaudi-arabia-to-allow-adult-women-to-travel-register-divorce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFYeungAlkhshali2019" class="citation web">Yeung, Jessie; Alkhshali, Hamdi (2 Awst 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/02/middleeast/saudi-women-travel-passport-intl-hnk/index.html">"Saudi Arabian women finally allowed to hold passports and travel independently"</a>. CNN. Cyrchwyd 4 Awst 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabian+women+finally+allowed+to+hold+passports+and+travel+independently&rft.date=2019-08-02&rft.aulast=Yeung&rft.aufirst=Jessie&rft.au=Alkhshali%2C+Hamdi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F08%2F02%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsaudi-women-travel-passport-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASawdi+Arabia" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/the-saudi-education-system-education-essay.php">"Saudi Education System"</a>. UKEssays.com. 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font-size:xx-small; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nodyn:Y_Cynghrair_Arabaidd" title="Nodyn:Y Cynghrair Arabaidd">gw</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sgwrs_Nodyn:Y_Cynghrair_Arabaidd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sgwrs Nodyn:Y Cynghrair Arabaidd (dim tudalen ar gael)">sg</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:Y_Cynghrair_Arabaidd&action=edit">go</a></div></div><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner y Cynghrair Arabaidd"><img alt="Baner y Cynghrair Arabaidd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 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href="/wiki/Yr_Aifft" title="Yr Aifft">Yr Aifft</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Algeria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Algeria"><img alt="Baner Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Bahrain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Bahrain"><img alt="Baner Bahrain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Y Comoros"><img alt="Baner Y Comoros" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Y_Comoros" title="Y Comoros">Y Comoros</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Kuwait.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Coweit"><img alt="Baner Coweit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Coweit" title="Coweit">Coweit</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Yr Emiradau Arabaidd Unedig"><img alt="Baner Yr Emiradau Arabaidd Unedig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yr_Emiradau_Arabaidd_Unedig" title="Yr Emiradau Arabaidd Unedig">Yr Emiradau Arabaidd Unedig</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Yemen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Iemen"><img alt="Baner Iemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Iemen" title="Iemen">Iemen</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Jordan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Gwlad Iorddonen"><img alt="Baner Gwlad Iorddonen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gwlad_Iorddonen" title="Gwlad Iorddonen">Gwlad Iorddonen</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Iraq.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Irac"><img alt="Baner Irac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irac" title="Irac">Irac</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Jibwti"><img alt="Baner Jibwti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/22px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/33px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/44px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jibwti" title="Jibwti">Jibwti</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Lebanon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Libanus"><img alt="Baner Libanus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Libanus" title="Libanus">Libanus</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Libya.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Libia"><img alt="Baner Libia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Mauritania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Mawritania"><img alt="Baner Mawritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mawritania" title="Mawritania">Mawritania</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Morocco.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Moroco"><img alt="Baner Moroco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Moroco" title="Moroco">Moroco</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Oman.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Oman"><img alt="Baner Oman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/22px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/33px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/44px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Palestine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Palesteina"><img alt="Baner Palesteina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Palesteina" title="Palesteina">Palesteina</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Qatar.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Qatar"><img alt="Baner Qatar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/22px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/33px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/44px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Sawdi Arabia"><img alt="Baner Sawdi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sawdi Arabia</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Somalia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Somalia"><img alt="Baner Somalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Sudan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Swdan"><img alt="Baner Swdan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Swdan" title="Swdan">Swdan</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Syria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Syria"><img alt="Baner Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Tunisia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Tiwnisia"><img alt="Baner Tiwnisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tiwnisia" title="Tiwnisia">Tiwnisia</a> </li></ul> </div></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner y Cynghrair Arabaidd"><img alt="Baner y Cynghrair Arabaidd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";font-weight: bold;;background: #eee;">Arsyllwyr</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;background: #eee;" class="navbox-list navbox-eilrif"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Eritrea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Eritrea"><img alt="Baner Eritrea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/22px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/33px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/44px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_Venezuela.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner Feneswela"><img alt="Baner Feneswela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/22px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/33px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/44px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Feneswela" title="Feneswela">Feneswela</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baner India"><img alt="Baner India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.3em; line-height:1.5em; font-size:95%;;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nodyn:Asia" title="Nodyn:Asia">gw</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sgwrs_Nodyn:Asia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sgwrs Nodyn:Asia (dim tudalen ar gael)">sg</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:Asia&action=edit">go</a></div></div><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia </a></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="padding:0.3em; line-height:1.5em; font-size:95%;;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;;"><a href="/wiki/Rhestr_gwladwriaethau_sofranaidd" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhestr gwladwriaethau sofranaidd">Gwladwriaethau sofranaidd</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odrif"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <a href="/wiki/Affganistan" title="Affganistan">Affganistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bhwtan" title="Bhwtan">Bhwtan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Corea" title="Corea">Corea</a> (<a href="/wiki/De_Corea" title="De Corea">De Corea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gogledd_Corea" title="Gogledd Corea">Gogledd Corea</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Yr_Emiradau_Arabaidd_Unedig" title="Yr Emiradau Arabaidd Unedig">Yr Emiradau Arabaidd Unedig</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fietnam" title="Fietnam">Fietnam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gogledd_Cyprus" title="Gogledd Cyprus">Gogledd Cyprus</a>1 · <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gwlad_Iorddonen" title="Gwlad Iorddonen">Gwlad Iorddonen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> · <a href="/wiki/Irac" title="Irac">Irac</a> · <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Coweit" title="Coweit">Coweit</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cirgistan" title="Cirgistan">Cirgistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> · <a href="/wiki/Libanus" title="Libanus">Libanus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maleisia" title="Maleisia">Maleisia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pacistan" title="Pacistan">Pacistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Y_Philipinau" title="Y Philipinau">y Philipinau</a> · <a href="/wiki/Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sawdi Arabia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Singap%C3%B4r" title="Singapôr">Singapôr</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanca" title="Sri Lanca">Sri Lanca</a> · <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tajicistan" title="Tajicistan">Tajicistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gwlad_Tai" title="Gwlad Tai">Gwlad Tai</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tsieina" title="Tsieina">Tsieina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Pobl_Tsieina" title="Gweriniaeth Pobl Tsieina">Gweriniaeth Pobl Tsieina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Tsieina" class="mw-redirect" title="Gweriniaeth Tsieina">Gweriniaeth Tsieina</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Tyrcmenistan" title="Tyrcmenistan">Tyrcmenistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wsbecistan" title="Wsbecistan">Wsbecistan</a> </div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="padding:0.3em; line-height:1.5em; font-size:95%;;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;;"><a href="/wiki/Gwlad_drawsgyfandirol" title="Gwlad drawsgyfandirol">Gwladwriaethau trawsgyfandirol</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-eilrif"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <a href="/wiki/Yr_Aifft" title="Yr Aifft">Yr Aifft</a>2 · <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>3 · <a href="/wiki/Aserbaijan" title="Aserbaijan">Aserbaijan</a>4 · <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>3 · <a href="/wiki/Dwyrain_Timor" title="Dwyrain Timor">Dwyrain Timor</a>5 · <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a>4 · <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>5 · <a href="/wiki/Casachstan" title="Casachstan">Casachstan</a>6 · <a href="/wiki/Rwsia" title="Rwsia">Rwsia</a>6 · <a href="/wiki/Twrci" title="Twrci">Twrci</a>6 · <a href="/wiki/Iemen" title="Iemen">Iemen</a>7 </div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="padding:0.3em; line-height:1.5em; font-size:95%;;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;;"><a href="/wiki/Tiriogaeth_ddibynnol" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiriogaeth ddibynnol">Tiriogaethau dibynnol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ardal_ymreolaethol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ardal ymreolaethol (dim tudalen ar gael)">ardaloedd ymreolaethol</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Tiriogaeth_(israniad_gwladol)" title="Tiriogaeth (israniad gwladol)">thiriogaethau</a> eraill</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odrif"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Cong" title="Hong Cong">Hong Cong</a>8 · <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>8 · <a href="/wiki/Y_Tiriogaethau_Palesteinaidd" class="mw-redirect" title="Y Tiriogaethau Palesteinaidd">Tiriogaethau Palesteinaidd</a>9 · <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>8 </div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.3em; line-height:1.5em; font-size:95%;;padding:0.3em; line-height:1.5em; font-size:95%;" colspan="2">Dynodir <a href="/wiki/Rhestr_gwledydd_anghydnabyddedig" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhestr gwledydd anghydnabyddedig">gwlad anghydnabyddedig neu a gydnabyddir yn rhannol</a> gan lythrennau italig. 1 Cydnabyddir gan <a href="/wiki/Twrci" title="Twrci">Dwrci</a> yn unig.  2 Gyda'r mwyafrif o'i thir yn <a href="/wiki/Affrica" title="Affrica">Affrica</a>.  3 Yn <a href="/wiki/De_Orllewin_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="De Orllewin Asia">Ne Orllewin Asia</a> yn gyfan gwbwl, ond ystyrir yn rhan o <a href="/wiki/Ewrop" title="Ewrop">Ewrop</a> am resymau hanesyddol, gwleidyddol, ac/neu diwylliannol.  4 Yn rhannol neu ddim o gwbwl yn Ewrop, yn dibynnu ar ddiffiniadau'r ffiniau rhwng Ewrop ac Asia.  5 Ystyrid weithiau yn rhan o <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>.  6 Gyda lleiafrif o'i thir yn Asia.  7 Ystyrid ynysfor <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a> yn rhan o Affrica.  8 Gweinyddir gan Weriniaeth Pobl Tsieina.  9 Nid yn llwyr annibynnol. </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Wedi dod o "<a dir="ltr" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&oldid=13291922">https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sawdi_Arabia&oldid=13291922</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Categories" title="Arbennig:Categories">Categorïau</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:CS1_errors:_markup" title="Categori:CS1 errors: markup">CS1 errors: markup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:CS1_errors:_external_links" title="Categori:CS1 errors: external links">CS1 errors: external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Sawdi_Arabia" title="Categori:Sawdi Arabia">Sawdi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Gwledydd_Asia" title="Categori:Gwledydd Asia">Gwledydd Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Gwledydd_y_Dwyrain_Canol" title="Categori:Gwledydd y Dwyrain Canol">Gwledydd y Dwyrain Canol</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Aelod-wladwriaethau%27r_Cenhedloedd_Unedig" title="Categori:Aelod-wladwriaethau'r Cenhedloedd Unedig">Aelod-wladwriaethau'r Cenhedloedd Unedig</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Aelod-wladwriaethau%27r_Cynghrair_Arabaidd" title="Categori:Aelod-wladwriaethau'r Cynghrair Arabaidd">Aelod-wladwriaethau'r Cynghrair Arabaidd</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Aelod-wladwriaethau_OPEC" title="Categori:Aelod-wladwriaethau OPEC">Aelod-wladwriaethau OPEC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Teyrnasoedd" title="Categori:Teyrnasoedd">Teyrnasoedd</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Aelod-wladwriaethau%27r_G20" title="Categori:Aelod-wladwriaethau'r G20">Aelod-wladwriaethau'r G20</a></li><li><a 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