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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Albania" title="Category:Albania">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Albania" title="Culture of Albania">Culture of Albania</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Albania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/120px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/250px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">History of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Principalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Principalities">Middle Ages in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Albania" title="Ottoman Albania">Ottoman Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Albania" title="Independent Albania">Independent Albania</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Albania">People</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribes of Albania">Clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nobility" title="Albanian nobility">Noble families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_diaspora" title="Albanian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Albania" title="Languages of Albania">Languages</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Sign_Language" title="Albanian Sign Language">Albanian Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_alphabet" title="Albanian alphabet">Albanian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheg_Albanian" title="Gheg Albanian">Gheg Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosk_Albanian" title="Tosk Albanian">Tosk Albanian</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_Albania" title="Traditions of Albania">Traditions</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besa_(Albanian_culture)" title="Besa (Albanian culture)">Besa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanun_(Albania)" title="Kanun (Albania)">Kanun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oda_(Albania)" title="Oda (Albania)">Oda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Sworn virgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Albanian_clothing" title="Traditional Albanian clothing">Costumes</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology of Albania">Mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Albania">folklore</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Folk beliefs</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Albania">Cuisine</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_cuisine" title="Arbëreshë cuisine">Arbëreshë cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham cuisine">Cham cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovan cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sideritis" title="Sideritis">Çaj mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tav%C3%AB_kosi" title="Tavë kosi">Tavë kosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flia" title="Flia">Flia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabuni" title="Kabuni">Kabuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannoli" title="Cannoli">Kanojë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lik%C3%ABng%C3%AB" title="Likëngë">Likëngë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trile%C3%A7e" title="Trileçe">Trileçe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_wine" title="Albanian wine">Verë</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Festivals</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Day_(Albania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag Day (Albania)">Flag Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dita_e_Ver%C3%ABs" title="Dita e Verës">Summer Day</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Religion</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Albania" title="Islam in Albania">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Albania" title="Christianity in Albania">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Albania" title="History of the Jews in Albania">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Albania" title="Irreligion in Albania">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Albania" title="Secularism in Albania">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_paganism" title="Albanian paganism">Albanian paganism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Albania">Art</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_galleries_in_Albania" title="List of art galleries in Albania">Art galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Albania" title="Architecture of Albania">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_traditional_tattooing" title="Albanian traditional tattooing">Traditional tattooing</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Albania">Literature</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Albanian_writers" title="List of Albanian writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_epic_poetry" title="Albanian epic poetry">Epic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Albanian_poets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Albanian poets">Poets</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Albania" title="Music of Albania">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Albania">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio in Albania">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Albania" title="Television in Albania">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Albania" title="Mass media in Albania">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News_in_Albania" title="News in Albania">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Albania" title="List of newspapers in Albania">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Albania" title="List of radio stations in Albania">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Albania" title="Television in Albania">Television</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Albania" title="Sport in Albania">Sport</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania_national_football_team" title="Albania national football team">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_records_in_Olympic_weightlifting" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian records in Olympic weightlifting">Weightlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania national basketball team">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Federation_of_Volleyball" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Federation of Volleyball">Volleyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Swimming_Federation" title="Albanian Swimming Federation">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_at_the_Olympics" title="Albania at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Albanian_athletes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Albanian athletes">Athletes</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Albania" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Albania">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Religious_Cultural_Monuments_of_Albania" title="List of Religious Cultural Monuments of Albania">List of Religious Cultural Monuments of Albania</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of Albania">Symbols</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Albania" title="Flag of Albania">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania" title="Coat of arms of Albania">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Albania">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossed_hands" title="Crossed hands">Crossed hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_awards" title="Category:Albanian awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.al" title=".al">.al</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Albania" title="Template:Culture of Albania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Albania" title="Template talk:Culture of Albania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Albania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Albania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Albanian art</b> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">arti shqiptar</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sq-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Albanian" title="Help:IPA/Albanian">[aɾˈti<span class="wrap"> </span>ʃcipˈtaɾ]</a></span>) refers to all <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">artistic expressions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Artwork">artworks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> or produced by <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a>. The country's art is either work of arts produced by its <a href="/wiki/Albanian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian people">people</a> and influenced by its <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Albania" title="Culture of Albania">culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_Albania" title="Traditions of Albania">traditions</a>. It has preserved its original elements and traditions despite its long and eventful <a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">history</a> around the time when Albania was populated to <a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greeks</a> and subsequently conquered by <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Byzantines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Empire">Venetians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ibrahim_Kodra,_The_sea,_1968_oil_on_canvas,_80x100_cm.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ibrahim_Kodra%2C_The_sea%2C_1968_oil_on_canvas%2C_80x100_cm.JPG/330px-Ibrahim_Kodra%2C_The_sea%2C_1968_oil_on_canvas%2C_80x100_cm.JPG" decoding="async" width="330" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ibrahim_Kodra%2C_The_sea%2C_1968_oil_on_canvas%2C_80x100_cm.JPG/495px-Ibrahim_Kodra%2C_The_sea%2C_1968_oil_on_canvas%2C_80x100_cm.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ibrahim_Kodra%2C_The_sea%2C_1968_oil_on_canvas%2C_80x100_cm.JPG/660px-Ibrahim_Kodra%2C_The_sea%2C_1968_oil_on_canvas%2C_80x100_cm.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3136" data-file-height="2516" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Kodra" title="Ibrahim Kodra">Ibrahim Kodra</a>, <i>The Sea</i>, 1968, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Kosovo" title="National Gallery of Kosovo">National Gallery of Kosovo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At different times, <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Illyrian art">Illyrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Ancient Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Roman art">Roman art</a> developed in Albania and survived in a number of media inclusive of <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Rock_inscriptions_of_the_Grama_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock inscriptions of the Grama Bay">rock inscriptions</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bays_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Bays of Albania">Grama Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Beauty_of_Durr%C3%ABs" title="The Beauty of Durrës">Durrës</a> can be traced back to the 4th century BC and there are nonetheless ancient remains of extraordinary quality available at <a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Illyria)" title="Apollonia (Illyria)">Apollonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byllis" title="Byllis">Byllis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rozafa_Castle" title="Rozafa Castle">Shkodër</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butrint" title="Butrint">Butrint</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Albania#Archaeological_Parks" title="Protected areas of Albania">elsewhere</a> across the country. </p><p>The centerpiece of medieval Albanian art started with the successor of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, namely the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> that ruled the great majority of Albania and the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan Peninsula">Balkan Peninsula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ByzantineAlbania_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ByzantineAlbania-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It comprised gradually of <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">frescoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">murals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a> painted with an admirable use of color and <a href="/wiki/Gold_(color)" title="Gold (color)">gold</a>. <a href="/wiki/Onufri" title="Onufri">Onufri</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Selenica" title="David Selenica">David Selenica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kostandin_Shpataraku" title="Kostandin Shpataraku">Kostandin Shpataraku</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Zografi_Brothers" title="Zografi Brothers">Zografi Brothers</a> are the most eminent representatives of medieval Albanian art. The <a href="/wiki/Epitaph_of_Gllavenica" title="Epitaph of Gllavenica">Epitaph of Gllavenica</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Epitaph" title="Epitaph">epitaph</a> written on a <a href="/wiki/Shroud" title="Shroud">shroud</a>, is one of the best artifacts of this genre in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Albania" title="Ottoman Albania">Ottoman invasion</a> of Albania, many <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a> migrated out of the area to escape either various socio-political and economic difficulties. Among them, the medieval <a href="/wiki/Painter" class="mw-redirect" title="Painter">painters</a> <a href="/wiki/Marco_Basaiti" title="Marco Basaiti">Marco Basaiti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Karpa%C3%A7i" class="mw-redirect" title="Viktor Karpaçi">Viktor Karpaçi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculptor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architect</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Alessi" title="Andrea Alessi">Andrea Nikollë Aleksi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_collector" class="mw-redirect" title="Art collector">art collector</a> <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Albani" title="Alessandro Albani">Alessandro Albani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who resided in the <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Empire">Venetian Empire</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Scuola_degli_Albanesi" title="Scuola degli Albanesi">Scuola degli Albanesi</a> that served as a cultural and social center for Albanians.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Renaissance">Albanian Renaissance</a>, in the field of arts, developed for the first time since the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> in rather different directions especially toward the <a href="/wiki/Occident" title="Occident">occident</a> and was initially dominated by the central figure of <a href="/wiki/Kol%C3%AB_Idromeno" title="Kolë Idromeno">Kolë Idromeno</a>. Painters were searching for meaning, traditions and identity, leading initially to <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">realism</a> and later with <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">impressionism</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albanian_art&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_period">Early period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albanian_art&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamenica07-00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kamenica07-00.jpg/250px-Kamenica07-00.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kamenica07-00.jpg/330px-Kamenica07-00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Kamenica07-00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="325" /></a><figcaption>A Devollian pottery from <a href="/wiki/Kamenica_Tumulus" title="Kamenica Tumulus">Kamenica</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Within the boundaries of the present Albanian state, there have been several <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric">prehistoric</a> Mediterranean cultures that left a number of pictorial records located in the Kryegjata Valley, <a href="/wiki/Goranxi" title="Goranxi">Goranxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maliq" title="Maliq">Maliq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konispol" title="Konispol">Konispol Cave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urak%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Urakë">Blaz Cave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gajtan_Cave" title="Gajtan Cave">Gajtan Cave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treni_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Treni Cave">Treni Cave</a> and numerous other sites throughout Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, a number of <a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greek</a> tribes started to emerge itself on the territory of Albania and established several artistic centers at the same time. <a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">Terracotta</a> was widely used by both cultures most notably for reliefs and other architectural purposes. Quite a number of terracotta figures, among others from the Illyrians, were found near <a href="/wiki/Belsh" title="Belsh">Belsh</a> but besides that as well throughout Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The art of <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a> flourished also during that period and is considered amongst the most distinctive art produced from antiquity.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various symbols, rituals, language and folklore were embodied in pottery art. Devollian pottery, named after the <a href="/wiki/Devoll_(river)" title="Devoll (river)">Devoll Valley</a>, was made by the Illyrians.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pottery of Illyrians consisted initially of geometric patterns like circles, squares, diamonds and other similar motifs and was nonetheless later influenced by <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_Pottery" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek Pottery">Ancient Greek</a> pottery.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From earliest times <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaics</a> have been used to cover floors in principal rooms of buildings, palaces, and tombs, as well as in the formal rooms of private houses. The use of mosaic became widespread in <a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_colonies_in_Illyria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek colonies in Illyria">Ancient Greek</a> colonies within the Illyrian coast on the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriatic">Adriatic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a>. The earliest examples of mosaic flooring date to the ancient period are housed in <a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Illyria)" title="Apollonia (Illyria)">Apollonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butrint" title="Butrint">Butrint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lin,_Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB" title="Lin, Korçë">Lin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs" title="Durrës">Durrës</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-history_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/The_Beauty_of_Durr%C3%ABs" title="The Beauty of Durrës">Beauty of Durrës</a>, the earliest mosaic discovered in Albania, is a <a href="/wiki/Polychromatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polychromatic">polychromatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> mainly made of multicolored <a href="/wiki/Pebble" title="Pebble">pebbles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Enciklopedik_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enciklopedik-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a marvelous grace of its figure and great excellence of artistic creativity. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> period is marked by the production of <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculptures</a> presented as <a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(movement)" title="Symbolism (movement)">symbolic art</a>. <a href="/wiki/Roman_sculpture" title="Roman sculpture">Roman sculpture</a> was largely influenced by the sculptures of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greece</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan civilization</a> whereas impressive examples can be mostly found in the cities of <a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Illyria)" title="Apollonia (Illyria)">Apollonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Butrint" title="Butrint">Butrint</a>, which flourished during that period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_Byzantine_period">Medieval Byzantine period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albanian_art&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medieval Byzantine period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Epitaph_of_Gllavenica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Epitaph_of_Gllavenica.jpg/330px-Epitaph_of_Gllavenica.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Epitaph_of_Gllavenica.jpg/500px-Epitaph_of_Gllavenica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Epitaph_of_Gllavenica.jpg/960px-Epitaph_of_Gllavenica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1443" data-file-height="789" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Epitaph_of_Gllavenica" title="Epitaph of Gllavenica">Epitaph of Gllavenica</a> is often considered the highlight of medieval Albanian art that was commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Gjergj_Arianiti" title="Gjergj Arianiti">Gjergj Arianiti</a> in 1373.</figcaption></figure> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> was divided in the fourth century, most of <a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a> remained in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> that was conventionally known as the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine art</a>, the art of the Eastern Roman Empire from about the 5th century until the fall of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> in 1453, was predominantly marked by religious expressions and a renewed interest in techniques of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> mixed with the themes of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">frescoes</a> emerged as a significant art form with an extensive church building in Albania.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They covered <a href="/wiki/Sacred_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred architecture">sacred building</a> interior walls, floors and domes increased and expanded in size and importance. The use of <a href="/wiki/Gold_(color)" title="Gold (color)">gold</a> and bright <a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">colors</a> was important indeed each color had its own value and meaning. In addition, colors were never mixed together but were always used pure. </p><p>The earliest icons of Albania date from the thirteenth century and generally estimated that their artistic peak reached in the eighteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-ByzantineAlbania_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ByzantineAlbania-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No paintings before the thirteenth century, produced by Albanians, have been located to date.<sup id="cite_ref-ByzantineAlbania_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ByzantineAlbania-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless few older structures in the country house different collections of paintings dating to the Byzantine period. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Manuscripts</a> were another significant feature of Albanian medieval art. The handwritten <a href="/wiki/Codex_Beratinus" title="Codex Beratinus">Codex Beratinus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Codex_Beratinus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Codex Beratinus II">Codex Beratinus II</a> are two ancient <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospels</a> from <a href="/wiki/Berat" title="Berat">Berat</a>, dating from the sixth and ninth centuries. They represent one of the most valuable treasures of the Albanian cultural heritage that was inscribed on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Memory_of_the_World_Register" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory of the World Register">Memory of the World Register</a> in 2005. </p><p>By the fifteenth century after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a> and the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern Europe">Southeastern Europe</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, art produced by <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Christianity">Eastern Orthodox Christians</a> living in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> was often named <a href="/wiki/Post-Byzantine_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Byzantine art">Post-Byzantine art</a>. In that period many valuable monuments and artifacts were made by Albanian painters. Innovation in iconography was enriched with new artistic elements. <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voskopoj%C3%AB_St.Nikolaos_-_Innenraum_Fresko_4b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Voskopoj%C3%AB_St.Nikolaos_-_Innenraum_Fresko_4b.jpg/270px-Voskopoj%C3%AB_St.Nikolaos_-_Innenraum_Fresko_4b.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Voskopoj%C3%AB_St.Nikolaos_-_Innenraum_Fresko_4b.jpg/405px-Voskopoj%C3%AB_St.Nikolaos_-_Innenraum_Fresko_4b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Voskopoj%C3%AB_St.Nikolaos_-_Innenraum_Fresko_4b.jpg/540px-Voskopoj%C3%AB_St.Nikolaos_-_Innenraum_Fresko_4b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">Fresco</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Saint Stephen</a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Selenica" title="David Selenica">David Selenica</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The most famous Albanian painter was <a href="/wiki/Onufri" title="Onufri">Onufri</a> who worked almost his entire life in Albania and Macedonia.<sup id="cite_ref-history_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Onufri was distinguished for its rich use of colors and decorative shades with certain <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">ethnographic</a> national elements that are more visible with his successors <a href="/wiki/David_Selenica" title="David Selenica">David Selenica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kostandin_Shpataraku" title="Kostandin Shpataraku">Kostandin Shpataraku</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Zografi_Brothers" title="Zografi Brothers">Zografi Brothers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-history_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They lavishly painted diverse churches and monasteries throughout Albania and neighboring countries, especially visible in <a href="/wiki/Berat" title="Berat">Berat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elbasan" title="Elbasan">Elbasan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voskopoj%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Voskopojë">Voskopojë</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB" title="Korçë">Korçë</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_period_in_the_history_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman period in the history of Albania">Ottoman period</a> of Albania during the fifteenth century is traditionally said to have had a negative impact on Albanian art and so the influences of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> were extinguished. This influence was absorbed and reinterpreted with an extensive construction of <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a> that opened a new section in Albanian art, that of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This style of art was usually portrayed by the highest degree of <a href="/wiki/Motif_(visual_arts)" title="Motif (visual arts)">motifs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabesque" title="Arabesque">arabesques</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ornament_(art)" title="Ornament (art)">ornamentation</a> of interlacing geometrical patterns of polygons, circles and interlocked lines and curves. The Ottoman Empire's cultural influence affected many aspects of Albanian cultural life. Despite local traditions, Ottoman visual culture had an impact on local culture, especially in introducing models of visual representation, new themes in mural paintings and new patterns of decorations.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albanian_Renaissance">Albanian Renaissance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albanian_art&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Albanian Renaissance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Renaissance">Albanian Renaissance</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kole_Idromeno,_Motra_tone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Kole_Idromeno%2C_Motra_tone.jpg/250px-Kole_Idromeno%2C_Motra_tone.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Kole_Idromeno%2C_Motra_tone.jpg/330px-Kole_Idromeno%2C_Motra_tone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1189" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Motra_Tone" title="Motra Tone">Motra Tone</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Kol%C3%AB_Idromeno" title="Kolë Idromeno">Kolë Idromeno</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the nineteenth century, a significant era for Albanian art begins. The great liberation acts starting with <a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">League of Prizren</a> in 1878, that led to the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_independence_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of independence of Albania">Independence</a> in 1912, established the climate for a new <a href="/wiki/Artistic_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Artistic movement">artistic movement</a>, which would reflect life and history more realistically and <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a> came into dominance.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kol%C3%AB_Idromeno" title="Kolë Idromeno">Kolë Idromeno</a> is perhaps the most famous of the Realist painters in the country and often considered as the introducer of Realism in Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some artists captured the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">historical</a> past and identity of <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a> in landscapes of vast forests, wide rivers, pristine lakes as well as portraits. Other artists have been focused on social criticism, showing the conditions of the people. By the early twentieth century, a radical artistic change occurred and experienced a patriotic renaissance. The year 1883 is dominated and celebrated for the creation of the most crucial and finest paintings The Portrait of Skanderbeg by Jorgji Panariti and <a href="/wiki/Motra_Tone" title="Motra Tone">Motra Tone</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kol%C3%AB_Idromeno" title="Kolë Idromeno">Kolë Idromeno</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> did not make itself evident among Albanian artists until after 1900. It did inspire numerous painters among them Vangjush Mio, the first impressionist painter of Albania. </p><p>By the middle of the twentieth century, a <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> government took rule over Albania and the artwork that arrived during the communist era reflects its time. Art was censored by the government and artists were urged to create works that endorsed <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>. The dominant theme of Albanian paintings was the <a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">proletariat</a>, the backbone of the socialist system. Much of the country's art focused on domestic scenes such as men working in the fields and women feeding chickens. Also, landscape scenes were highly popularized by Albanian painters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_period">Modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albanian_art&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_Painting_of_Female_Partisan_in_Battle_-_National_Historical_Museum_-_Tirana_-_Albania_-_01_(42748115122).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Detail_of_Painting_of_Female_Partisan_in_Battle_-_National_Historical_Museum_-_Tirana_-_Albania_-_01_%2842748115122%29.jpg/220px-Detail_of_Painting_of_Female_Partisan_in_Battle_-_National_Historical_Museum_-_Tirana_-_Albania_-_01_%2842748115122%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Detail_of_Painting_of_Female_Partisan_in_Battle_-_National_Historical_Museum_-_Tirana_-_Albania_-_01_%2842748115122%29.jpg/330px-Detail_of_Painting_of_Female_Partisan_in_Battle_-_National_Historical_Museum_-_Tirana_-_Albania_-_01_%2842748115122%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Detail_of_Painting_of_Female_Partisan_in_Battle_-_National_Historical_Museum_-_Tirana_-_Albania_-_01_%2842748115122%29.jpg/440px-Detail_of_Painting_of_Female_Partisan_in_Battle_-_National_Historical_Museum_-_Tirana_-_Albania_-_01_%2842748115122%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Detail of female partisan in battle, National History Museum, Tirana, Albania</figcaption></figure> <p>Although Albania left communism for democracy in 1991, scholars currently label Albanian artwork under the category of "<a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">socialist realism</a>", for its emphasis on portraying real people and situations. Although much of Albanian artwork is influenced by <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">impressionism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">expressionism</a>, it is most <a href="/wiki/Realism_(visual_arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Realism (visual arts)">realistic</a> in its depiction of everyday life. Such works can be found at the National Arts Gallery of Albania and the National History Museum both located in Tirana. Contemporary Albanian artwork captures the struggle of everyday Albanians, however, new artists are utilizing different artistic styles to convey this message. Albanian artists continue to move art forward, while their art still remains distinctively Albanian in content. </p><p>Alt post-modernism was only introduced fairly recently among Albanian artists, there are a number of artists and works known internationally. Among the most famous Albanian contemporary artists are <a href="/wiki/Anri_Sala" title="Anri Sala">Anri Sala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sislej_Xhafa" title="Sislej Xhafa">Sislej Xhafa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrian_Paci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrian Paci (page does not exist)">Adrian Paci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helidon_Gjergji" title="Helidon Gjergji">Helidon Gjergji</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Hajdinaj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alban Hajdinaj (page does not exist)">Alban Hajdinaj</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Armando_Lulaj" title="Armando Lulaj">Armando Lulaj</a> and . Lulaj is went on to become one of the founders of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manifesto_(art_collective)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manifesto (art collective) (page does not exist)">art collective Manifesto</a>. </p><p>Post-modern tendencies among Albanians were first spotted during the 1980s in <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sculptures of national icons became popular throughout the country. In 1968, Sculptor <a href="/wiki/Odhise_Paskali" title="Odhise Paskali">Odhise Paskali</a> (with help from fellow sculptors <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Mana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrea Mana (page does not exist)">Andrea Mana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Janaq_Pa%C3%A7o" title="Janaq Paço">Janaq Paço</a>) constructed a monument of <a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg</a>, Albania's national hero, in honor of the 500th anniversary of his death, and it is placed in the center of the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a>. </p><p>The Tirana Biennale is the main contemporary, international art event. Founded in 2001 by Edi Muka, Gezim Qëndro, and <a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Politi" title="Giancarlo Politi">Giancarlo Politi</a>, it has enjoyed over the years the contribution of many international curators, like <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Bonami" title="Francesco Bonami">Francesco Bonami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adela_Demetja" title="Adela Demetja">Adela Demetja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massimiliano_Gioni" title="Massimiliano Gioni">Massimiliano Gioni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Hoffmann" title="Jens Hoffmann">Jens Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Ulrich_Obrist" title="Hans Ulrich Obrist">Hans Ulrich Obrist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harald_Szeemann" title="Harald Szeemann">Harald Szeemann</a>. Many famous Albanian and foreign artists are usually invited.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dedications">Dedications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albanian_art&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dedications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Through different times, various <a href="/wiki/Visual_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual art">visual art</a> works of foreign artists throughout <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">paintings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">portraits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">etchings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculptures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">reliefs</a> and works of other genres of art has been dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian people">Albanian people</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:521px;max-width:521px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Danseurs_Albanais_by_Alexandre-Gabriel_Decamps_(c._1835).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Les_Danseurs_Albanais_by_Alexandre-Gabriel_Decamps_%28c._1835%29.jpg/250px-Les_Danseurs_Albanais_by_Alexandre-Gabriel_Decamps_%28c._1835%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Les_Danseurs_Albanais_by_Alexandre-Gabriel_Decamps_%28c._1835%29.jpg/330px-Les_Danseurs_Albanais_by_Alexandre-Gabriel_Decamps_%28c._1835%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Les_Danseurs_Albanais_by_Alexandre-Gabriel_Decamps_%28c._1835%29.jpg/500px-Les_Danseurs_Albanais_by_Alexandre-Gabriel_Decamps_%28c._1835%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="481" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The Albanian dancers by <a href="/wiki/Alexandre-Gabriel_Decamps" title="Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps">Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps</a>.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:178px;max-width:178px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Lear_-_Butrinto,_Albania_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Edward_Lear_-_Butrinto%2C_Albania_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/176px-Edward_Lear_-_Butrinto%2C_Albania_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Edward_Lear_-_Butrinto%2C_Albania_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/264px-Edward_Lear_-_Butrinto%2C_Albania_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Edward_Lear_-_Butrinto%2C_Albania_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/352px-Edward_Lear_-_Butrinto%2C_Albania_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3569" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Butrint" title="Butrint">Butrinto</a> painted in 1861 by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lear" title="Edward Lear">Edward Lear</a>.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:160px;max-width:160px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paolo_Veronese_-_Siege_of_Scutari_-_WGA24944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Paolo_Veronese_-_Siege_of_Scutari_-_WGA24944.jpg/158px-Paolo_Veronese_-_Siege_of_Scutari_-_WGA24944.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Paolo_Veronese_-_Siege_of_Scutari_-_WGA24944.jpg/237px-Paolo_Veronese_-_Siege_of_Scutari_-_WGA24944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Paolo_Veronese_-_Siege_of_Scutari_-_WGA24944.jpg/316px-Paolo_Veronese_-_Siege_of_Scutari_-_WGA24944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1129" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra" title="Siege of Shkodra">Siege of Shkodër</a> painted in 1585 by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Veronese" title="Paolo Veronese">Paolo Veronese</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In 1585, the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painter" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Renaissance painter">Italian Renaissance painter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Veronese" title="Paolo Veronese">Paolo Veronese</a> dedicated a painting illustrating the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra" title="Siege of Shkodra">Siege of Shkodër</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Shkodrans</a>, which is housed on the ceiling of the <a href="/wiki/Doge%27s_Palace" title="Doge's Palace">Doge's Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1809, the <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> poet and nobleman <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a> arrived in Albania which made a great impression upon him and his life.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterwards, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Phillips" title="Thomas Phillips">Thomas Phillips</a> completed in 1813 a portrait of Lord Byron that shows him wearing a <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Albanian_clothing" title="Traditional Albanian clothing">traditional Albanian dress</a> that Byron also described it the most magnificent in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1827 and 1828, the <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> painter, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre-Gabriel_Decamps" title="Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps">Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps</a> made a visit to Albania that resulted a great series of paintings illustrating the Albanians with their costumes.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among his most impressive and renowned paintings include the Albanian Duel and Les Danseurs Albanais. </p><p>Another passionate <a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a> painter and poet include <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lear" title="Edward Lear">Edward Lear</a> who travelled to Albania in 1848 where he was impressively inspired by Albanian landscapes.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lavishly created a grandiose collection of paintings and drawings that depicted the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Albania" title="Culture of Albania">culture</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_Albania" title="Traditions of Albania">traditions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Albania" title="Geography of Albania">lands</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a> exactly as it appeared.<sup id="cite_ref-history_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Individual works were created even earlier by distinguished authors such as <a href="/wiki/Ary_Scheffer" title="Ary Scheffer">Ary Scheffer</a> (Gratë Suliote), <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot" title="Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot">Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot</a> (<i>L'Albanaise</i>), <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a> (several works), <a href="/wiki/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me" title="Jean-Léon Gérôme">Jean-Léon Gérôme</a> (several works), <a href="/wiki/John_Singer_Sargent" title="John Singer Sargent">John Singer Sargent</a> (Albanian Olive Pickers), <a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Preziosi" title="Amedeo Preziosi">Amedeo Preziosi</a> (Albanians Mercenaries), <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Speckter" title="Erwin Speckter">Erwin Speckter</a> (Portrait of an Albanian women), <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bargue" title="Charles Bargue">Charles Bargue</a> (Head of Young man) and <a href="/wiki/William_Linton_(artist)" title="William Linton (artist)">William Linton</a> (Albanian Mountains). </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albanian_art&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Art_of_Albania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Art of Albania">Art of Albania</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_traditional_tattooing" title="Albanian traditional tattooing">Albanian traditional tattooing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Albania" title="Architecture of Albania">Architecture of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Albania" title="Culture of Albania">Culture of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Institute_New_York" title="Albanian Institute New York">Albanian Institute New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Figurative_Arts_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="National Gallery of Figurative Arts of Albania">National Gallery of Figurative Arts of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_galleries_in_Albania" title="List of art galleries in Albania">List of art galleries in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Albania" title="List of public art in Albania">List of public art in Albania</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albanian_art&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brewer, Bob. My Albania. New York: Lion of Tepelena P, 1992.</li> <li>Halliday, Jon. The Artful Albanian. London: Rowland, 1986.</li> <li>Pollo, Stefanaq, and Arben Puto. The history of Albania: from its origins to the present day. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a> & Kegan Paul, 1981.</li> <li>Muka, Edi. Albania Today. The Time of ironic Optimism. Milan, Politi Editore, 1997.</li> <li>Schwander-Sievers, Stephanie, and Bernd J. Fischer. Albanian Identities. London: <a href="/wiki/Hurst_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurst & Company">Hurst & Company</a>, 2002.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albanian_art&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ByzantineAlbania-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ByzantineAlbania_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ByzantineAlbania_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ByzantineAlbania_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://helios-eie.ekt.gr/EIE/bitstream/10442/8555/1/INR_Drakopoulou_06_01.pdf">"Icons from the Orthodox Communities of Albania - COLLECTION OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF MEDIEVAL ART, KORCË"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>helios-eie.ekt.gr</i>. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=helios-eie.ekt.gr&rft.atitle=Icons+from+the+Orthodox+Communities+of+Albania+-+COLLECTION+OF+THE+NATIONAL+MUSEUM+OF+MEDIEVAL+ART%2C+KORC%C3%8B&rft.pages=20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelios-eie.ekt.gr%2FEIE%2Fbitstream%2F10442%2F8555%2F1%2FINR_Drakopoulou_06_01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalker_Art_Gallery" class="citation book cs1">Walker Art Gallery. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-W0rAAAAIAAJ"><i>Annual Report and Bulletin of the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool</i></a>. <q>Andrea Alessi, architect and sculptor, was a native of Durazzo in Albania and possibly of local rather than Italian origin.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+and+Bulletin+of+the+Walker+Art+Gallery%2C+Liverpool&rft.au=Walker+Art+Gallery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-W0rAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBabinger1962" class="citation journal cs1">Babinger, Franz (1962). "L'origine albanese del pittore Marco Basaiti (ca. 1470 - ca. 1530)". <i>Atti. Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Classe di Scienze Morali e Lettere</i>. CXX: <span class="nowrap">497–</span>500.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atti.+Istituto+Veneto+di+Scienze%2C+Lettere+ed+Arti%2C+Classe+di+Scienze+Morali+e+Lettere&rft.atitle=L%27origine+albanese+del+pittore+Marco+Basaiti+%28ca.+1470+-+ca.+1530%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E497-%3C%2Fspan%3E500&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Babinger&rft.aufirst=Franz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarol_M._Richardson2007" class="citation book cs1">Carol M. Richardson (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ac_Bbk8dLXUC&pg=PA19"><i>Locating Renaissance Art</i></a>. Yale University Press, 2007. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300121889" title="Special:BookSources/9780300121889"><bdi>9780300121889</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Locating+Renaissance+Art&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press%2C+2007&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780300121889&rft.au=Carol+M.+Richardson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dac_Bbk8dLXUC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCeka2013">Ceka 2013</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTempler2016">Templer 2016</a>, p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTempler2016">Templer 2016</a>, p. 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCivici2007" class="citation journal cs1">Civici, N. (2007). "Analysis of Illyrian terracotta figurines of Aphroditeand other ceramic objects using EDXRF spectrometry†". <i>X-Ray Spectrometry</i>. <b>36</b> (2): 1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fxrs.945">10.1002/xrs.945</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=X-Ray+Spectrometry&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Illyrian+terracotta+figurines+of+Aphroditeand+other+ceramic+objects+using+EDXRF+spectrometry%E2%80%A0&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fxrs.945&rft.aulast=Civici&rft.aufirst=N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Bagnell_BuryStanley_Arthur_CookFrank_Ezra_Adcock1996" class="citation book cs1">John Bagnell Bury; Stanley Arthur Cook; Frank Ezra Adcock (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1OTgAAAAMAAJ&q=illyrian+pottery+albania"><i>The Cambridge Ancient History: The Augustan Empire, 43 B.C.-A.D. 69, 2nd ed., 1996 - Band 10 von The Cambridge Ancient History, Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards</i></a>. University Press, 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History%3A+The+Augustan+Empire%2C+43+B.C.-A.D.+69%2C+2nd+ed.%2C+1996+-+Band+10+von+The+Cambridge+Ancient+History%2C+Iorwerth+Eiddon+Stephen+Edwards&rft.pub=University+Press%2C+1996&rft.date=1996&rft.au=John+Bagnell+Bury&rft.au=Stanley+Arthur+Cook&rft.au=Frank+Ezra+Adcock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1OTgAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dillyrian%2Bpottery%2Balbania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qarkuelbasan.gov.al/?crd=0,8,1,0,0,74&ln=1&uni=20101209233420201012092334129193">"Bashkia Belsh"</a>. <i>qarkuelbasan.gov.al</i> (in Albanian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=qarkuelbasan.gov.al&rft.atitle=Bashkia+Belsh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qarkuelbasan.gov.al%2F%3Fcrd%3D0%2C8%2C1%2C0%2C0%2C74%26ln%3D1%26uni%3D20101209233420201012092334129193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAleksandar_Stipčević1977" class="citation book cs1">Aleksandar Stipčević (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NLcWAQAAIAAJ&q=illyrian+pottery"><i>The Illyrians: history and culture</i></a> (Aleksandar Stipčević ed.). Noyes Press, 1977. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815550525" title="Special:BookSources/9780815550525"><bdi>9780815550525</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illyrians%3A+history+and+culture&rft.edition=Aleksandar+Stip%C4%8Devi%C4%87&rft.pub=Noyes+Press%2C+1977&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9780815550525&rft.au=Aleksandar+Stip%C4%8Devi%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNLcWAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dillyrian%2Bpottery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIrad_Malkin1998" class="citation book cs1">Irad Malkin (1998-11-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8eORbgLB6a4C&q=devollian+pottery&pg=PA77"><i>The Returns of Odysseus: Colonization and Ethnicity</i></a>. University of California Press, 1998. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520920262" title="Special:BookSources/9780520920262"><bdi>9780520920262</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Returns+of+Odysseus%3A+Colonization+and+Ethnicity&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press%2C+1998&rft.date=1998-11-30&rft.isbn=9780520920262&rft.au=Irad+Malkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8eORbgLB6a4C%26q%3Ddevollian%2Bpottery%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vXljf8JqmkoC&q=devollian+pottery&pg=PA230"><i>The Cambridge Ancient History</i></a> (John Boederman ed.). Cambridge University Press, 1997. 1924. p. 230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521224963" title="Special:BookSources/9780521224963"><bdi>9780521224963</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History&rft.pages=230&rft.edition=John+Boederman&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press%2C+1997&rft.date=1924&rft.isbn=9780521224963&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvXljf8JqmkoC%26q%3Ddevollian%2Bpottery%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJ._M._ColesA._F._Harding2014" class="citation book cs1">J. M. Coles; A. F. Harding (2014-10-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bx8hBQAAQBAJ&q=illyrian+pottery+albania&pg=PA449"><i>Meine Bücher Mein Verlauf Bücher bei Google Play The Bronze Age in Europe: An Introduction to the Prehistory of Europe C.2000-700 B.C.</i></a> Routledge, 2014. pp. <span class="nowrap">448–</span>470. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317606000" title="Special:BookSources/9781317606000"><bdi>9781317606000</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meine+B%C3%BCcher+Mein+Verlauf+B%C3%BCcher+bei+Google+Play+The+Bronze+Age+in+Europe%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Prehistory+of+Europe+C.2000-700+B.C.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E448-%3C%2Fspan%3E470&rft.pub=Routledge%2C+2014&rft.date=2014-10-30&rft.isbn=9781317606000&rft.au=J.+M.+Coles&rft.au=A.+F.+Harding&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBx8hBQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dillyrian%2Bpottery%2Balbania%26pg%3DPA449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFerid_Hudhri" class="citation web cs1">Ferid Hudhri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seda.org.al/download/i/mark_dl/u/.../2.10-VisualArts.pdf">"2.10. FINE /VISUAL ARTS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>seda.org.al</i>. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=seda.org.al&rft.atitle=2.10.+FINE+%2FVISUAL+ARTS&rft.pages=2&rft.au=Ferid+Hudhri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seda.org.al%2Fdownload%2Fi%2Fmark_dl%2Fu%2F...%2F2.10-VisualArts.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Enciklopedik-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Enciklopedik_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fjalori Enciklopedik Shqiptar, Akademia e Shkencave - Tiranë, 1984 (MOZAIKU I DURRËSIT ME PORTRETIN E NJE GRUAJE, page 726)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albanianorthodox.com/ikonografi/shkolla-e-korces.pdf">"KONFERENCA E DYTË E STUDIMEVE ALBANOLOGJIKE"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>albanianorthodox.com</i> (in Albanian). Tirana. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=albanianorthodox.com&rft.atitle=KONFERENCA+E+DYT%C3%8B+E+STUDIMEVE+ALBANOLOGJIKE&rft.pages=2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albanianorthodox.com%2Fikonografi%2Fshkolla-e-korces.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDorina_Arapi" class="citation web cs1">Dorina Arapi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337920031_Visual_representations_of_Constantinople_Istanbul_and_other_images_in_mural_paintings_and_artifacts_of_the_late_Ottoman_centuries_in_Albania">"Visual representations of Constantinople/ Istanbul and other images in mural paintings and artifacts of the late Ottoman centuries in Albania"</a>. <i>researchgate.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=researchgate.net&rft.atitle=Visual+representations+of+Constantinople%2F+Istanbul+and+other+images+in+mural+paintings+and+artifacts+of+the+late+Ottoman+centuries+in+Albania&rft.au=Dorina+Arapi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F337920031_Visual_representations_of_Constantinople_Istanbul_and_other_images_in_mural_paintings_and_artifacts_of_the_late_Ottoman_centuries_in_Albania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEdmond_Manahasaİlknur_Aktug_Kolay" class="citation web cs1">Edmond Manahasa; İlknur Aktug Kolay. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927091654/http://www.az.itu.edu.tr/azvol12no2web/09-Manahasa-Kolay-1202.pdf">"Observations on the existing Ottoman mosques in Albania"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>az.itu.edu.tr</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.az.itu.edu.tr/azvol12no2web/09-Manahasa-Kolay-1202.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=az.itu.edu.tr&rft.atitle=Observations+on+the+existing+Ottoman+mosques+in+Albania&rft.au=Edmond+Manahasa&rft.au=%C4%B0lknur+Aktug+Kolay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.az.itu.edu.tr%2Fazvol12no2web%2F09-Manahasa-Kolay-1202.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDorina_Arapi" class="citation web cs1">Dorina Arapi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337920031_Visual_representations_of_Constantinople_Istanbul_and_other_images_in_mural_paintings_and_artifacts_of_the_late_Ottoman_centuries_in_Albania">"Visual representations of Constantinople/ Istanbul and other images in mural paintings and artifacts of the late Ottoman centuries in Albania"</a>. <i>researchgate.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=researchgate.net&rft.atitle=Visual+representations+of+Constantinople%2F+Istanbul+and+other+images+in+mural+paintings+and+artifacts+of+the+late+Ottoman+centuries+in+Albania&rft.au=Dorina+Arapi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F337920031_Visual_representations_of_Constantinople_Istanbul_and_other_images_in_mural_paintings_and_artifacts_of_the_late_Ottoman_centuries_in_Albania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaryLee_Knowlton2005" class="citation book cs1">MaryLee Knowlton (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=alNsb0fpX9IC&q=impressionism+in+albania&pg=PA102"><i>Albania - Band 23 von Cultures of the world</i></a>. Marshall Cavendish, 2004. pp. <span class="nowrap">102–</span>103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761418528" title="Special:BookSources/9780761418528"><bdi>9780761418528</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albania+-+Band+23+von+Cultures+of+the+world&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E102-%3C%2Fspan%3E103&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish%2C+2004&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780761418528&rft.au=MaryLee+Knowlton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DalNsb0fpX9IC%26q%3Dimpressionism%2Bin%2Balbania%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFerid_Hudhri2003" class="citation book cs1">Ferid Hudhri (2003). <i>Albania Through Art</i>. Tirana: Onufri. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9992753675" title="Special:BookSources/978-9992753675"><bdi>978-9992753675</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albania+Through+Art&rft.place=Tirana&rft.pub=Onufri&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-9992753675&rft.au=Ferid+Hudhri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080206231152/http://www.divus.cz/umelec/en/pages/umelec.php?id=1005&roc=2003&cis=3#clanek">"Shkëlzen Maliqi, Umelec Magazine"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.divus.cz/umelec/en/pages/umelec.php?id=1005&roc=2003&cis=3">the original</a> on 2008-02-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shk%C3%ABlzen+Maliqi%2C+Umelec+Magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.divus.cz%2Fumelec%2Fen%2Fpages%2Fumelec.php%3Fid%3D1005%26roc%3D2003%26cis%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tica-albania.org/TICAB/">TICA</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarin_Barleti2012" class="citation book cs1">Marin Barleti (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zeZ963q3ok0C&q=Paolo+Veronese+siege+of+scutari&pg=PA17"><i>The Siege of Shkodra: Albania's Courageous Stand Against Ottoman Conquest, 1478</i></a> (David Hosaflook ed.). David Hosaflook, 2012. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789995687779" title="Special:BookSources/9789995687779"><bdi>9789995687779</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Siege+of+Shkodra%3A+Albania%27s+Courageous+Stand+Against+Ottoman+Conquest%2C+1478&rft.pages=17&rft.edition=David+Hosaflook&rft.pub=David+Hosaflook%2C+2012&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9789995687779&rft.au=Marin+Barleti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzeZ963q3ok0C%26q%3DPaolo%2BVeronese%2Bsiege%2Bof%2Bscutari%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Galt1835" class="citation book cs1">John Galt (1835). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fPwVAAAAYAAJ&q=lord+byron+albania&pg=PA96"><i>The life of Lord Byron</i></a>. Harvard University: Harper & Brothers, 1835. pp. <span class="nowrap">96–</span>100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+life+of+Lord+Byron&rft.place=Harvard+University&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E96-%3C%2Fspan%3E100&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers%2C+1835&rft.date=1835&rft.au=John+Galt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfPwVAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dlord%2Bbyron%2Balbania%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichael_HüttlerEmily_M._N._KuglerHans_Ernst_Weidinger2015" class="citation book cs1">Michael Hüttler; Emily M. N. Kugler; Hans Ernst Weidinger (2015-08-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cP-eDAAAQBAJ&q=thomas+phillips+lord+byron+albanian+dress&pg=PT317"><i>Ottoman Empire and European Theatre Vol. III: Images of the Harem in Literature and Theatre</i></a>. Hollitzer Wissenschaftsverlag, 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783990120736" title="Special:BookSources/9783990120736"><bdi>9783990120736</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ottoman+Empire+and+European+Theatre+Vol.+III%3A+Images+of+the+Harem+in+Literature+and+Theatre.&rft.pub=Hollitzer+Wissenschaftsverlag%2C+2015&rft.date=2015-08-05&rft.isbn=9783990120736&rft.au=Michael+H%C3%BCttler&rft.au=Emily+M.+N.+Kugler&rft.au=Hans+Ernst+Weidinger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcP-eDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dthomas%2Bphillips%2Blord%2Bbyron%2Balbanian%2Bdress%26pg%3DPT317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDewey_F._Mosby1977" class="citation book cs1">Dewey F. Mosby (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B5DqAAAAMAAJ&q=Alexandre++Decamps+albania"><i>Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps, 1803-1860, Band 1 Outstanding dissertations in the fine arts Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps, 1803-1860, Dewey F. Mosby</i></a>. Garland Pub., 1977. p. 366. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824027148" title="Special:BookSources/9780824027148"><bdi>9780824027148</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexandre-Gabriel+Decamps%2C+1803-1860%2C+Band+1+Outstanding+dissertations+in+the+fine+arts+Alexandre-Gabriel+Decamps%2C+1803-1860%2C+Dewey+F.+Mosby&rft.pages=366&rft.pub=Garland+Pub.%2C+1977&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9780824027148&rft.au=Dewey+F.+Mosby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB5DqAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DAlexandre%2B%2BDecamps%2Balbania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Elsie2010" class="citation book cs1">Robert Elsie (2010-03-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=haFlGXIg8uoC&q=edward+lear+albania&pg=PA270"><i>Historical Dictionary of Albania - Band 75 von Historical Dictionaries of Europe</i></a> (Robert Elsie ed.). Scarecrow Press, 2010. pp. <span class="nowrap">270–</span>271. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810873803" title="Special:BookSources/9780810873803"><bdi>9780810873803</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Albania+-+Band+75+von+Historical+Dictionaries+of+Europe&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E270-%3C%2Fspan%3E271&rft.edition=Robert+Elsie&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press%2C+2010&rft.date=2010-03-19&rft.isbn=9780810873803&rft.au=Robert+Elsie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhaFlGXIg8uoC%26q%3Dedward%2Blear%2Balbania%26pg%3DPA270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albanian_art&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCeka2013" class="citation book cs1">Ceka, Neritan (2013). <i>The Illyrians to the Albanians</i>. Tirana: Nigjeni. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789928407467" title="Special:BookSources/9789928407467"><bdi>9789928407467</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illyrians+to+the+Albanians&rft.place=Tirana&rft.pub=Nigjeni&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789928407467&rft.aulast=Ceka&rft.aufirst=Neritan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTempler2016" class="citation thesis cs1">Templer, Michael (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libra.unine.ch/Publications/Michail_Templer/34103"><i>What happened to the Southern European hunter-gatherers at the advent of farming, between Western Anatolia and the head of the Adriatic Sea (9000-4500 BC)?: A narrative description based on the archaeological record</i></a> (PhD). Université de Neuchâtel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=What+happened+to+the+Southern+European+hunter-gatherers+at+the+advent+of+farming%2C+between+Western+Anatolia+and+the+head+of+the+Adriatic+Sea+%289000-4500+BC%29%3F%3A+A+narrative+description+based+on+the+archaeological+record.&rft.inst=Universit%C3%A9+de+Neuch%C3%A2tel&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Templer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibra.unine.ch%2FPublications%2FMichail_Templer%2F34103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbanian+art" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albanian_art&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hudhri, Ferit. "Fine Arts in Albania: An Outline of Figurative Art in Albania Over the Centuries." Sustainable Economic Development Agency. 2 December 2005 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060427040335/http://www.seda.org.al/ACH/finearts.htm">[1]</a>.</li> <li>Institute for Auslandsbeziehungen. 20 November 2005 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051213211344/http://www.ifa.de/eindex.htm">[2]</a>.</li> <li>Alb@rt. 20 November 2005 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.albacenter.it">[3]</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20x20px_Topics_related_to_Albanian_art256" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;color:black; background-color:white;"><div id="20x20px_Topics_related_to_Albanian_art256" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="vertical-align: 1px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/13px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/19px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/26px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></span> <span style="color:#00006e;">Topics related to Albanian art</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Albania_articles634" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albania_topics" title="Template:Albania topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albania_topics" title="Template talk:Albania topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albania_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albania topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Albania_articles634" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Albania" title="Outline of Albania">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardiaei" title="Ardiaei">Ardiaei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanoi" title="Albanoi">Albanoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amantes_(tribe)" title="Amantes (tribe)">Amantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amantini" title="Amantini">Amantini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaites" title="Balaites">Balaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bylliones" title="Bylliones">Bylliones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassaretii" title="Dassaretii">Dassaretii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchele" title="Enchele">Enchele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labeatae" title="Labeatae">Labeatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthini" title="Parthini">Parthini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taulantii" title="Taulantii">Taulantii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_principalities" title="Albanian principalities">Middle Ages</a><br />(1190–1385)<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Arbanon" title="Principality of Arbanon">Principality of Arbanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Albania_(medieval)" title="Kingdom of Albania (medieval)">Kingdom of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Arta" title="Despotate of Arta">Despotate of Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Kastrioti" title="House of Kastrioti">House of Kastrioti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman period</a><br />(1385–1912)<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Skanderbeg's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="League of Lezhë">League of Lezhë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanun_(Albania)" title="Kanun (Albania)">Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABni_Council" title="Arbëni Council">Arbëni Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Albania" title="Islamization of Albania">Islamization of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Pashaliks" title="Albanian Pashaliks">Albanian Pashaliks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Albanian_Beys" title="Massacre of the Albanian Beys">Massacre of the Albanian Beys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolts_of_1833%E2%80%931839" title="Albanian revolts of 1833–1839">Revolts of 1833–1839</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Dervish_Cara" title="Uprising of Dervish Cara">Uprising of Dervish Cara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Awakening" title="Albanian National Awakening">Albanian National Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Manastir" title="Congress of Manastir">Congress of Manastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">Revolt of 1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malissori_uprising" title="Malissori uprising">Malissori uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksim_meeting" title="Taksim meeting">Taksim meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">Revolt of 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimza_Government" title="Kimza Government">Kimza Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Albania" title="Independent Albania">Independence</a><br />(1912–present)<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Albanian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himni_i_Flamurit" title="Himni i Flamurit">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Albania" title="Provisional Government of Albania">Provisional Government of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_during_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Albania during the Balkan Wars">Albania during the Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Central_Albania" title="Republic of Central Albania">Republic of Central Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Principality of Albania (1914–25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_in_Albania" title="World War I in Albania">World War I in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB" title="Autonomous Province of Korçë">Autonomous Province of Korçë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_over_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian protectorate over Albania">Italian protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mirdita" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Mirdita">Republic of Mirdita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Republic_(1925%E2%80%931928)" title="Albanian Republic (1925–1928)">Albanian Republic (1925–1928)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Union with Italian kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">German Nazi occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Albania" title="The Holocaust in Albania">The Holocaust in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albanian resistance during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">Communist Albania (1946–91)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Orthography_Congress" title="Albanian Orthography Congress">Orthography Congress (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Post-Communist_Albania" title="History of Post-Communist Albania">Post-Communist Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Albanian_civil_unrest" title="1997 Albanian civil unrest">1997 Civil Unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Albania–NATO relations">NATO membership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">EU Accession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Albanians" title="Origin of the Albanians">Origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Albanian_history" title="Timeline of Albanian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archives_in_Albania" title="List of archives in Albania">Archives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Albania" title="Geography of Albania">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Landscape</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Albania" title="List of mountains in Albania">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Albania" title="List of rivers of Albania">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Albania" title="List of lakes of Albania">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Albania" title="List of islands of Albania">Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Albania" title="Environment of Albania">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Albania" title="Climate of Albania">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Albania" title="Biodiversity of Albania">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_Albania" title="Category:Fauna of Albania">Habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Albania" title="Protected areas of Albania">Protected areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Albania" title="Politics of Albania">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Albania)" title="Council of Ministers (Albania)">Government</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Category:Government_agencies_of_Albania" title="Category:Government agencies of Albania">agencies</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">Head of state</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Albania" title="List of heads of state of Albania">list</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Albania" title="Foreign relations of Albania">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Albania" title="List of political parties in Albania">Political parties</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Albania" title="Category:Treaties of Albania">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Albania" title="Visa policy of Albania">Visa policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Albania" title="Judiciary of Albania">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vetting_Institutions20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Vetting Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Appellate_College_(Albania)" title="Special Appellate College (Albania)">KPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Public_Commissioners_(Albania)" title="Institution of Public Commissioners (Albania)">IKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monitoring_Operation_(Albania)" title="International Monitoring Operation (Albania)">ONM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Qualification_Commission_(Albania)" title="Independent Qualification Commission (Albania)">KPK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Albania" title="Corruption in Albania">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EURALIUS" title="EURALIUS">EURALIUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPAK" class="mw-redirect" title="SPAK">SPAK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosecutor_General_(Albania)" title="Prosecutor General (Albania)">Prosecutor General</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Albania" title="Administrative divisions of Albania">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/NUTS_statistical_regions_of_Albania" title="NUTS statistical regions of Albania">NUTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Albania" title="Counties of Albania">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Albania" title="Municipalities of Albania">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Albania" title="List of cities and towns in Albania">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Albania" title="Communes of Albania">Communes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Albania" title="Villages of Albania">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maps_of_Albania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Maps of Albania">Maps</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Legislature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Albania" title="Elections in Albania">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Assembly</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Parliament_of_Albania" title="Speaker of the Parliament of Albania">speakers</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_members_of_the_Parliament_of_Albania" title="Category:Lists of members of the Parliament of Albania">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Albania)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Albania)">Opposition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Albania" title="Human rights in Albania">Human rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Albania" title="Abortion in Albania">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Albania" title="Capital punishment in Albania">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assassinations_in_Albania" title="List of assassinations in Albania">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Albania">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avokati_i_Popullit" title="Avokati i Popullit">Ombudsman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Armed_Forces" title="Albanian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Police_(Albania)" title="State Police (Albania)">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_mafia" title="Albanian mafia">Organized crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Albania" title="Prisons in Albania">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_crossings_of_Albania" title="Border crossings of Albania">Border crossings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Albania" title="Economy of Albania">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Albania" title="Banking in Albania">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_lek" title="Albanian lek">Lek <span style="font-size: 85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Albania" title="Taxation in Albania">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Albania" title="Trade unions in Albania">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Supreme_Audit_(Albania)" title="State Supreme Audit (Albania)">State Supreme Audit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Albania" title="List of shopping malls in Albania">Shopping centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_Albania" title="List of supermarket chains in Albania">Supermarkets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Albania" title="Agriculture in Albania">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Albania" title="Healthcare in Albania">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Albania" title="List of companies of Albania">Companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Albania" title="Renewable energy in Albania">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Operators9" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Operators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Power_Corporation" title="Albanian Power Corporation">KESH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_System_Operator_(Albania)" title="Transmission System Operator (Albania)">OST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operatori_i_Shp%C3%ABrndarjes_s%C3%AB_Energjis%C3%AB_Elektrike" title="Operatori i Shpërndarjes së Energjisë Elektrike">OSHEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Regulatory_Authority_(Albania)" title="Energy Regulatory Authority (Albania)">ERE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Albania" title="List of power stations in Albania">Hydropower plants</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Natural resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_and_gas_fields_in_Albania" title="List of oil and gas fields in Albania">Oil and gas</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mining_in_Albania" title="Category:Mining in Albania">Mining</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Albania" title="Highways in Albania">Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Albania" title="List of airports in Albania">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_Albania" title="List of ports in Albania">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Albania" title="Rail transport in Albania">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Albania" title="List of bridges in Albania">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tunnels_in_Albania" title="List of tunnels in Albania">Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Albania" title="List of tallest buildings in Albania">Highrises</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Albania" title="List of tallest structures in Albania">structures</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Albania" title="Telecommunications in Albania">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posta_Shqiptare" title="Posta Shqiptare">Posta Shqiptare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Albania" title="Squatting in Albania">Squatting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Albania" title="Tourism in Albania">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Monuments9" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Albania" title="List of archaeological sites in Albania">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Albania" title="List of castles in Albania">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Albania" title="List of mosques in Albania">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tekkes_in_Albania" title="List of tekkes in Albania">Tekkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Albania" title="List of churches in Albania">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_Albania" title="List of lighthouses in Albania">Lighthouses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Adriatic_Sea_Coast" title="Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast">Adriatic Sea Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Ionian_Sea_Coast" title="Albanian Ionian Sea Coast">Ionian Sea Coast</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Albanian_Riviera" title="Albanian Riviera">riviera</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Albania" title="List of beaches in Albania">Beaches</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:High-contrast-camera-photo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/High-contrast-camera-photo.svg/17px-High-contrast-camera-photo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/High-contrast-camera-photo.svg/26px-High-contrast-camera-photo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/High-contrast-camera-photo.svg/34px-High-contrast-camera-photo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Photographs_of_Albania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Photographs of Albania">Images of Albania</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Albania" title="Category:Society of Albania">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Albania" title="Demographics of Albania">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_in_Albania" title="Census in Albania">Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_tribes" title="Albanian tribes">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nobility" title="Albanian nobility">Noble families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_diaspora" title="Albanian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Albania" title="Women in Albania">Women</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Art</a> <small><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_galleries_in_Albania" title="List of art galleries in Albania">(galleries)</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Albania" title="Architecture of Albania">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Albania" title="Photography in Albania">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Albania" title="List of museums in Albania">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theatres_in_Albania" title="List of theatres in Albania">Theatres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Albania" title="Education in Albania">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_alphabet" title="Albanian alphabet">Alphabet</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_scripts" title="Category:Albanian scripts">scripts</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abetare" title="Abetare">Abetare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_literature" title="Albanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Research_institutes_in_Albania" title="Category:Research institutes in Albania">Research institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Albania" title="List of libraries in Albania">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Albania" title="List of universities in Albania">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_publishing_companies_of_Albania" title="List of publishing companies of Albania">Publishers</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Albanian_proverbs" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Albanian proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanology" title="Albanology">Albanology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Tradition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Folk beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besa_(Albanian_culture)" title="Besa (Albanian culture)">Besa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oda_(Albania)" title="Oda (Albania)">Oda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Albania" title="Secularism in Albania">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevruz_in_Albania" title="Nevruz in Albania">Nevruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Sworn virgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Albanian_clothing" title="Traditional Albanian clothing">Costumes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qeleshe" title="Qeleshe">Qeleshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fustanella" title="Fustanella">Fustanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhubleta" title="Xhubleta">Xhubleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brez_(clothing)" title="Brez (clothing)">Brez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinga" title="Opinga">Opinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhamadan" title="Xhamadan">Xhamadan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gjell%C3%AB" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:gjellë">Gjellë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tav%C3%AB_kosi" title="Tavë kosi">Tavë kosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabuni" title="Kabuni">Kabuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakia" title="Rakia">Raki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer in Albania">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_wine" title="Albanian wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognac_Sk%C3%ABnderbeu" title="Cognac Skënderbeu">Cognac Skënderbeu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Football</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania_national_football_team" title="Albania national football team">National team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Albania" title="List of football clubs in Albania">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Albania_international_footballers" title="List of Albania international footballers">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums_in_Albania" title="List of stadiums in Albania">Stadiums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Other sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Weightlifting_Federation" title="Albanian Weightlifting Federation">Weightlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Athletics_Federation" title="Albanian Athletics Federation">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Cycling_Federation" title="Albanian Cycling Federation">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Basketball_Federation" title="Albanian Basketball Federation">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Volleyball_Federation" title="Albanian Volleyball Federation">Volleyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Swimming_Federation" title="Albanian Swimming Federation">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_at_the_Olympics" title="Albania at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_indoor_arenas_in_Albania" title="List of indoor arenas in Albania">Indoor arenas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Albania" title="Music of Albania">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Albania" title="Television in Albania">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Albania" title="List of radio stations in Albania">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Symbols_of_Albania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Symbols of Albania">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_heraldry" title="Albanian heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Albania" title="Flag of Albania">Flag</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Albanian_flags" title="List of Albanian flags">list</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania" title="Coat of arms of Albania">Coat of arms</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Albania" title="Armorial of Albania">armorial</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaph_of_Gllavenica" title="Epitaph of Gllavenica">Epitaph of Gllavenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Sign_Language" title="Albanian Sign Language">Sign language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations_and_medals_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders, decorations and medals of Albania">Orders, decorations and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_passport" title="Albanian passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.al" title=".al">.al</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Albania" title="Public holidays in Albania">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Albania" title="Smoking in Albania">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_Albania" title="Copyright law of Albania">Copyright law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Albania" title="Outline of Albania">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Albania" title="Outline of Albania">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Albania" title="Bibliography of Albania">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albania" title="Category:Albania">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_art363" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_topic" title="Template:European topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_topic" title="Template talk:European topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_art363" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_art" class="mw-redirect" title="European art">European art</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">European Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian art">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian art">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian art">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_art" title="Croatian art">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypriot art">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_art" title="Czech art">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_art" title="Danish art">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_art" title="Estonian art">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_art" title="Finnish art">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_art" title="French art">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_art" title="German art">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_art" title="Greek art">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_art" title="Hungarian art">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_art" title="Irish art">Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_art" title="Italian art">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian art">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian art">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg art">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Maltese art">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_art" title="Dutch art">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_art" title="Polish art">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_art" title="Portuguese art">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_art" title="Romanian art">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak art">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian art">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_art" title="Spanish art">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_art" title="Swedish art">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andorran_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andorran art (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_art" title="Armenian art">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_art" title="Azerbaijani art">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian art">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina art">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_art" title="Georgian art">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_art" title="Icelandic art">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_art" title="Kazakh art">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liechtensteiner_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liechtensteiner art (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moldovan_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moldovan art (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mon%C3%A9gasque_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monégasque art (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montenegrin_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montenegrin art (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_art" title="Norwegian art">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian art">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sammarinese_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sammarinese art (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_art" title="Serbian art">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss art">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_art" title="Turkish art">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian art">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_art" class="mw-redirect" title="British art">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkhaz_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abkhaz art (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosovan_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosovan art (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriot_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkish Cypriot art (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Ossetian_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Ossetian art (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistrian_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transnistrian art (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_art" title="Faroese art">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gibraltarian_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gibraltarian art (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guernsey_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guernsey art (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manx_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manx art (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersey_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jersey art (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Art_of_Europe118" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Art_of_Europe" title="Template:Art of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Art_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Art of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Art_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Art of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Art_of_Europe118" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Europe" title="Art of Europe">Art of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_of_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art of Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Belgium" title="Art of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art of Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_of_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art of Malta (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_of_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art of Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Slovenia" title="Art of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Art of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_of_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art of the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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