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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-現代古蘭塔文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#現代古蘭塔文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>現代古蘭塔文</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-現代古蘭塔文-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关現代古蘭塔文子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-現代古蘭塔文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-元音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>元音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-輔音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#輔音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>輔音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-輔音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">古兰塔文</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。26种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_grantha" title="Alfabet grantha – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet grantha" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantha-Schrift" title="Grantha-Schrift – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grantha-Schrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Grantha script" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_grantha" title="Alfabeto grantha – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto grantha" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="الفبای گرانتا – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الفبای گرانتا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantha" title="Grantha – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Grantha" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantha" title="Grantha – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grantha" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="ग्रन्थ लिपि – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्रन्थ लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantha" title="Grantha – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grantha" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantha" title="Grantha – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Grantha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="グランタ文字 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グランタ文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Grantha" title="Aksara Grantha – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Aksara Grantha" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A5_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF" title="ಗ್ರಂಥ ಲಿಪಿ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ರಂಥ ಲಿಪಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeta_granta" title="Alfabeta granta – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfabeta granta" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantha" title="Grantha – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Grantha" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF" title="ഗ്രന്ഥലിപി – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്രന്ഥലിപി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="ग्रंथ लिपी – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्रंथ लिपी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantha" title="Grantha – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grantha" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%DA%BE_%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="گرنتھ لپی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گرنتھ لپی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantha" title="Grantha – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grantha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Грантха – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грантха" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="ग्रन्थलिपिः – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ग्रन्थलिपिः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantha_pismo" title="Grantha pismo – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grantha pismo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="கிரந்த எழுத்துமுறை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிரந்த எழுத்துமுறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B0" title="อักษรครันถะ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรครันถะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Грантха – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грантха" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1119274#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87" 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cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87&oldid=78186123" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" 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mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grantha_script" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1119274" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid 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.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantha_script" class="extiw" title="en:Grantha script">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:navajowhite">古兰塔文<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanjavur_Tamil_Inscription2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Tanjavur_Tamil_Inscription2.jpg/200px-Tanjavur_Tamil_Inscription2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Tanjavur_Tamil_Inscription2.jpg/300px-Tanjavur_Tamil_Inscription2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Tanjavur_Tamil_Inscription2.jpg/400px-Tanjavur_Tamil_Inscription2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="982" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;;">类型</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;line-height:1.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%99%84%E6%A0%87%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="元音附标文字">元音附标文字</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">使用时期</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">公元第六世紀至今</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;;"><span class="nowrap">书写方向</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">從左至右 <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119274?uselang=zh#P1406" title="编辑维基数据"><img alt="编辑维基数据" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;;">语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AF%AD" title="梵语">梵语</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;">相关书写体系</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;;"><span class="nowrap">父体系</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%87" title="婆罗米文">婆罗米文</a><ul><li>南婆罗米文<ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E6%96%87" title="帕拉瓦文">帕拉瓦文</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>古兰塔文</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;;"><span class="nowrap">子体系</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%82%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E9%87%8C%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒂加拉里字母（页面不存在）">蒂加拉里字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E6%96%87" title="馬拉雅拉姆文">马拉雅拉姆文</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%A2%E6%8B%89%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="索拉施特拉文（页面不存在）">索拉施特拉文</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;;"><span class="nowrap">姊妹体系</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%A2%E5%9B%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦特卢图字母（页面不存在）">瓦特卢图字母</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79829556">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">Gran</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">(343)</span>, Grantha</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;;">别名</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">Grantha</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Unicode字符列表">范围</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11300.pdf">U+11300–U+1137F</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>古兰塔文</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Grantha</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="坦米爾語">坦米爾語</a>：<span lang="ta">கிரந்த ௭ழுத்து</span> <i>giranda eḻuttu</i>）是公元6至19世紀南印度<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰米爾語">泰米爾語</a>使用者所廣泛使用於書寫<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="梵語">梵語</a>之文字，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%87" title="婆罗米文">婆羅米文</a>之子書寫系統，傳統上在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%97%E9%82%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="泰米爾納得邦">泰米爾納得邦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E6%8B%89%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A6" title="喀拉拉邦">喀拉拉邦</a>使用。古蘭塔文源自<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E6%96%87" title="帕拉瓦文">帕拉瓦文</a>，與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="泰米爾文">泰米爾文</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦德茹得文" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vatteluttu script"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E5%BE%B7%E8%8C%B9%E5%BE%97%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦德茹得文（页面不存在）">瓦德茹得文</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatteluttu_script" class="extiw" title="en:Vatteluttu script"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vatteluttu script</span></a></span>）</span></span>同源<sup id="cite_ref-Salomon1998p42_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salomon1998p42-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，衍生了<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E6%96%87" title="馬拉雅拉姆文">馬拉雅拉姆文</a>，經早期帕拉瓦文與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%96%87" title="泰文">泰文</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AA%E5%93%87%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="爪哇文">爪哇文</a>等東南亞與印度尼西亞文字以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E4%BC%BD%E7%BE%85%E6%96%87" title="僧伽羅文">僧伽羅文</a>與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%82%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E9%87%8C%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒂格拉里文（页面不存在）">蒂格拉里文</a>有緊密關係。早期古蘭塔文曾用於書寫梵文典籍、銅刻和印度教寺廟中石碑，亦曾用於書寫<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="梵——泰米爾混合文語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Manipravalam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%B5%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%96%87%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梵——泰米爾混合文語（页面不存在）">梵——泰米爾混合文語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipravalam" class="extiw" title="en:Manipravalam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Manipravalam</span></a></span>）</span></span>，於七世紀演變成中世古蘭塔文，到八世紀演變成過渡古蘭塔文，直至十四世紀最終變成現代古蘭塔文沿用至今。<sup id="cite_ref-britgrantha_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britgrantha-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Salomon1998p42_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salomon1998p42-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britgrantha_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britgrantha-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Salomon1998p42_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salomon1998p42-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="英屬印度">英屬印度</a>下的泰米爾正統主義運動和泰米爾國族主義運動企圖杜絕古蘭塔文的使用，並推舉泰米爾文爲唯一正統。加上<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E6%96%87" title="天城文">天城文</a>作爲書寫梵語的文字的普及，因此古蘭塔文在近代已漸漸色微。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="現代古蘭塔文"><span id=".E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3.E5.8F.A4.E8.98.AD.E5.A1.94.E6.96.87"></span>現代古蘭塔文</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：現代古蘭塔文"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>現代古蘭塔文不少字母與泰米爾字母相近。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="元音"><span id=".E5.85.83.E9.9F.B3"></span>元音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：元音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grantha_Vowels.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Grantha_Vowels.svg/350px-Grantha_Vowels.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Grantha_Vowels.svg/525px-Grantha_Vowels.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Grantha_Vowels.svg/700px-Grantha_Vowels.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="427" /></a></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="輔音"><span id=".E8.BC.94.E9.9F.B3"></span>輔音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：輔音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>就如其他婆羅米系文字，古蘭塔文輔音字母自帶元音/a/。無韻者以<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9B%E9%81%94%E9%BB%9E%E7%95%AB" title="怛達點畫">怛達點畫</a>標示： </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grantha_Halant.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Grantha_Halant.svg/200px-Grantha_Halant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Grantha_Halant.svg/300px-Grantha_Halant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Grantha_Halant.svg/400px-Grantha_Halant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="39" /></a></span> </p><p>以下每個字母自帶元音/a/： </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grantha_Consonants.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Grantha_Consonants.svg/300px-Grantha_Consonants.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="495" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Grantha_Consonants.svg/450px-Grantha_Consonants.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Grantha_Consonants.svg/600px-Grantha_Consonants.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="736" /></a></span> </p><p>其他元音以附加符號標示: </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grantha_Matras.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Grantha_Matras.svg/400px-Grantha_Matras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Grantha_Matras.svg/600px-Grantha_Matras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Grantha_Matras.svg/800px-Grantha_Matras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="259" /></a></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：Unicode"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>古兰塔文被添加到于2014年6月发布的Unicode7.0中。所占区段是U+11300–U+1137F： </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grantha_(Unicode_block)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grantha (Unicode block)（页面不存在）">古兰塔文</a></b><sup class="reference" id="ref_U11300_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U11300_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="ref_U11300_grey"><a href="#endnote_U11300_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11300.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+1130x </td> <td title="U+11300: GRANTHA SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE"><span class="Unicode">𑌀</span> </td> <td title="U+11301: GRANTHA SIGN CANDRABINDU"><span class="Unicode">𑌁</span> </td> <td title="U+11302: GRANTHA SIGN ANUSVARA"><span class="Unicode">𑌂</span> </td> <td title="U+11303: GRANTHA SIGN VISARGA"><span class="Unicode">𑌃</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="U+11305: GRANTHA LETTER A"><span class="Unicode">𑌅</span> </td> <td title="U+11306: GRANTHA LETTER AA"><span class="Unicode">𑌆</span> </td> <td title="U+11307: GRANTHA LETTER I"><span class="Unicode">𑌇</span> </td> <td title="U+11308: GRANTHA LETTER II"><span class="Unicode">𑌈</span> </td> <td title="U+11309: GRANTHA LETTER U"><span class="Unicode">𑌉</span> </td> <td title="U+1130A: GRANTHA LETTER UU"><span class="Unicode">𑌊</span> </td> <td title="U+1130B: GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC R"><span class="Unicode">𑌋</span> </td> <td title="U+1130C: GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC L"><span class="Unicode">𑌌</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="U+1130F: GRANTHA LETTER EE"><span class="Unicode">𑌏</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+1131x </td> <td title="U+11310: GRANTHA LETTER AI"><span class="Unicode">𑌐</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="U+11313: GRANTHA LETTER OO"><span class="Unicode">𑌓</span> </td> <td title="U+11314: GRANTHA LETTER AU"><span class="Unicode">𑌔</span> </td> <td title="U+11315: GRANTHA LETTER KA"><span class="Unicode">𑌕</span> </td> <td title="U+11316: GRANTHA LETTER KHA"><span class="Unicode">𑌖</span> </td> <td title="U+11317: GRANTHA LETTER GA"><span class="Unicode">𑌗</span> </td> <td title="U+11318: GRANTHA LETTER GHA"><span class="Unicode">𑌘</span> </td> <td title="U+11319: GRANTHA LETTER NGA"><span class="Unicode">𑌙</span> </td> <td title="U+1131A: GRANTHA LETTER CA"><span class="Unicode">𑌚</span> </td> <td title="U+1131B: GRANTHA LETTER CHA"><span class="Unicode">𑌛</span> </td> <td title="U+1131C: GRANTHA LETTER JA"><span class="Unicode">𑌜</span> </td> <td title="U+1131D: GRANTHA LETTER JHA"><span class="Unicode">𑌝</span> </td> <td title="U+1131E: GRANTHA LETTER NYA"><span class="Unicode">𑌞</span> </td> <td title="U+1131F: GRANTHA LETTER TTA"><span class="Unicode">𑌟</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+1132x </td> <td title="U+11320: GRANTHA LETTER TTHA"><span class="Unicode">𑌠</span> </td> <td title="U+11321: GRANTHA LETTER DDA"><span class="Unicode">𑌡</span> </td> <td title="U+11322: GRANTHA LETTER DDHA"><span class="Unicode">𑌢</span> </td> <td title="U+11323: GRANTHA LETTER NNA"><span class="Unicode">𑌣</span> </td> <td title="U+11324: GRANTHA LETTER TA"><span class="Unicode">𑌤</span> </td> <td title="U+11325: GRANTHA LETTER THA"><span class="Unicode">𑌥</span> </td> <td title="U+11326: GRANTHA LETTER DA"><span class="Unicode">𑌦</span> </td> <td title="U+11327: GRANTHA LETTER DHA"><span class="Unicode">𑌧</span> </td> <td title="U+11328: GRANTHA LETTER NA"><span class="Unicode">𑌨</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="U+1132A: GRANTHA LETTER PA"><span class="Unicode">𑌪</span> </td> <td title="U+1132B: GRANTHA LETTER PHA"><span class="Unicode">𑌫</span> </td> <td title="U+1132C: GRANTHA LETTER BA"><span class="Unicode">𑌬</span> </td> <td title="U+1132D: GRANTHA LETTER BHA"><span class="Unicode">𑌭</span> </td> <td title="U+1132E: GRANTHA LETTER MA"><span class="Unicode">𑌮</span> </td> <td title="U+1132F: GRANTHA LETTER YA"><span class="Unicode">𑌯</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+1133x </td> <td title="U+11330: GRANTHA LETTER RA"><span class="Unicode">𑌰</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="U+11332: GRANTHA LETTER LA"><span class="Unicode">𑌲</span> </td> <td title="U+11333: GRANTHA LETTER LLA"><span class="Unicode">𑌳</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="U+11335: GRANTHA LETTER VA"><span class="Unicode">𑌵</span> </td> <td title="U+11336: GRANTHA LETTER SHA"><span class="Unicode">𑌶</span> </td> <td title="U+11337: GRANTHA LETTER SSA"><span class="Unicode">𑌷</span> </td> <td title="U+11338: GRANTHA LETTER SA"><span class="Unicode">𑌸</span> </td> <td title="U+11339: GRANTHA LETTER HA"><span class="Unicode">𑌹</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="U+1133B: COMBINING BINDU BELOW"><span class="Unicode">𑌻</span> </td> <td title="U+1133C: GRANTHA SIGN NUKTA"><span class="Unicode">𑌼</span> </td> <td title="U+1133D: GRANTHA SIGN AVAGRAHA"><span class="Unicode">𑌽</span> </td> <td title="U+1133E: GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="Unicode">𑌾</span> </td> <td title="U+1133F: GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="Unicode">𑌿</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+1134x </td> <td title="U+11340: GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN II"><span class="Unicode">𑍀</span> </td> <td title="U+11341: GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="Unicode">𑍁</span> </td> <td title="U+11342: GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="Unicode">𑍂</span> </td> <td title="U+11343: GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R"><span class="Unicode">𑍃</span> </td> <td title="U+11344: GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR"><span class="Unicode">𑍄</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="U+11347: GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN EE"><span class="Unicode">𑍇</span> </td> <td title="U+11348: GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN AI"><span class="Unicode">𑍈</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="U+1134B: GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN OO"><span class="Unicode">𑍋</span> </td> <td title="U+1134C: GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN AU"><span class="Unicode">𑍌</span> </td> <td title="U+1134D: GRANTHA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="Unicode">𑍍</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+1135x </td> <td title="U+11350: GRANTHA OM"><span class="Unicode">𑍐</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="U+11357: GRANTHA AU LENGTH MARK"><span class="Unicode">𑍗</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="U+1135D: GRANTHA SIGN PLUTA"><span class="Unicode">𑍝</span> </td> <td title="U+1135E: GRANTHA LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA"><span class="Unicode">𑍞</span> </td> <td title="U+1135F: GRANTHA LETTER VEDIC DOUBLE ANUSVARA"><span class="Unicode">𑍟</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+1136x </td> <td title="U+11360: GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC RR"><span class="Unicode">𑍠</span> </td> <td title="U+11361: GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC LL"><span class="Unicode">𑍡</span> </td> <td title="U+11362: GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L"><span class="Unicode">𑍢</span> </td> <td title="U+11363: GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL"><span class="Unicode">𑍣</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="U+11366: COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT ZERO"><span class="Unicode">𑍦</span> </td> <td title="U+11367: COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT ONE"><span class="Unicode">𑍧</span> </td> <td title="U+11368: COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT TWO"><span class="Unicode">𑍨</span> </td> <td title="U+11369: COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT THREE"><span class="Unicode">𑍩</span> </td> <td title="U+1136A: COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT FOUR"><span class="Unicode">𑍪</span> </td> <td title="U+1136B: COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT FIVE"><span class="Unicode">𑍫</span> </td> <td title="U+1136C: COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT SIX"><span class="Unicode">𑍬</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+1137x </td> <td title="U+11370: COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER A"><span class="Unicode">𑍰</span> </td> <td title="U+11371: COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER KA"><span class="Unicode">𑍱</span> </td> <td title="U+11372: COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER NA"><span class="Unicode">𑍲</span> </td> <td title="U+11373: COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER VI"><span class="Unicode">𑍳</span> </td> <td title="U+11374: COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER PA"><span class="Unicode">𑍴</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>注释</b> <dl><dd>1.<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U11300_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U11300_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> Unicode 版本 14.0</dd> <dd>2.<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U11300_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U11300_grey">^</a></b></span> 灰色区域表示未分配的代码点</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Salomon1998p42-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salomon1998p42_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salomon1998p42_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salomon1998p42_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Richard Salomon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XYrG07qQDxkC">Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages</a>. Oxford University Press. 1998: 40–42 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-06-17</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-535666-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-535666-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-19-535666-3</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140706004809/http://books.google.com/books?id=XYrG07qQDxkC">存档</a>于2014-07-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87&rft.au=Richard+Salomon&rft.btitle=Indian+Epigraphy%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Study+of+Inscriptions+in+Sanskrit%2C+Prakrit%2C+and+the+other+Indo-Aryan+Languages&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-535666-3&rft.pages=40-42&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXYrG07qQDxkC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britgrantha-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britgrantha_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britgrantha_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Grantha-alphabet">Grantha alphabet (Alternative title: Grantha script)</a>. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1998 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-06-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417060044/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Grantha-alphabet">存档</a>于2021-04-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87&rft.au=Editors+of+Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.btitle=Grantha+alphabet+%28Alternative+title%3A+Grantha+script%29&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FGrantha-alphabet&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Giovanni Ciotti; Hang Lin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-ezCDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62">Tracing Manuscripts in Time and Space through Paratexts</a>. Walter De Gruyter. 2016: 62–63 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-06-17</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-11-047901-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-11-047901-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-3-11-047901-0</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202331/https://books.google.com/books?id=-ezCDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62">存档</a>于2021-06-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87&rft.au=Giovanni+Ciotti&rft.au=Hang+Lin&rft.btitle=Tracing+Manuscripts+in+Time+and+Space+through+Paratexts&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-11-047901-0&rft.pages=62-63&rft.pub=Walter+De+Gruyter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-ezCDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA62&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Grünendahl, Reinhold. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SouthIndianScriptsInSanskritManuscriptsAndPrintsGrunendalh/"><i>South Indian Scripts in Sanskrit Manuscripts And Prints</i></a>. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrassowitz Verlag. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3-447-04504-3" title="Special:网络书源/3-447-04504-3">3-447-04504-3</a></li> <li>Venugopalan, K. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090907004129/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/digbooks/dig_toc.html?BOOKID=PK419.V468_1983"><i>A primer in Grantha characters</i></a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grantha_script" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Grantha script"><span style="font-weight:bold;">古兰塔文</span></a></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientscripts.com/grantha.html">Quick facts about Grantha at AncientScripts.com</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100216055310/http://www.ancientscripts.com/grantha.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/grantha.htm">Article at Omniglot</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100102132600/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/grantha.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100111183842/http://www.tnarch.gov.in/epi/ins3.htm">Tamil Nadu Archaeological Department – Grantha Webpage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noolaham.org/wiki/index.php/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D:%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D">Digitised Grantha Books</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100731165537/http://noolaham.org/wiki/index.php/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D:%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virtualvinodh.com/grantha-lipitva">Online Tutorial for Grantha Script</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140320130858/http://www.virtualvinodh.com/grantha-lipitva">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/380382710/Prarambha-Grantha-English">Learn Grantha Basics</a></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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