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Search done with Accordance, Biblia Hebraica Leningradensis, with the Groves-Wheeler Westminster Hebrew Morphology v. 4.20 and BibleWorks v. 8.0. 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window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":55974642,"identifier":"Attachment_55974642","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":35704257,"created_at":"2018-01-18T11:20:56.090-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-15T15:04:42.979-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The thirteen different Hebrew spellings of the sacred Tetragrammaton found in the Leningrad Codex (Codex Leningradensis, B19A or L), dated in 1008–10, are presented and grouping is attempted.\r\n\r\nSearch done with Accordance, Biblia Hebraica Leningradensis, with the Groves-Wheeler\r\nWestminster Hebrew Morphology v. 4.20 and BibleWorks v. 8.0.\r\n\r\nThe discussion made on this issue and contributed in the final edition of this draft:\r\nhttps://www.academia.edu/s/dd066471eb/the-six-difference-spellings-of-the-sacred-tetragrammaton-in-the-leningrad-codex-the-primary-masoretic-text-source","publication_date":"2018,,"},"document_type":"draft","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"The 13 different spellings of the sacred Tetragrammaton in the Leningrad Codex, the primary Masoretic Text source / Οι 13 διαφορετικοί συλλαβισμοί του ιερού Τετραγράμματου εντός του Κώδικα του Λένινγκραντ, της κύριας πηγής του Μασοριτικού Κειμένου","broadcastable":true,"draft":true,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [345681]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":55974642,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The 13 different spellings of the sacred Tetragrammaton in the Leningrad Codex, the primary Masoretic Text source / Οι 13 διαφορετικοί συλλαβισμοί του ιερού Τετραγράμματου εντός του Κώδικα του Λένινγκραντ, της κύριας πηγής του Μασοριτικού Κειμένου”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/55974642/mini_magick20180819-24624-re9mzo.png?1534707772" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The 13 different spellings of the sacred Tetragrammaton in the Leningrad Codex, the primary Masoretic Text source / Οι 13 διαφορετικοί συλλαβισμοί του ιερού Τετραγράμματου εντός του Κώδικα του Λένινγκραντ, της κύριας πηγής του Μασοριτικού Κειμένου</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="345681" href="https://auth.academia.edu/PVasileiadis"><img alt="Profile image of Pavlos D Vasileiadis" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/345681/2050314/2414927/s65_pavlos.vasileiadis.jpg" />Pavlos D Vasileiadis</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2018</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The thirteen different Hebrew spellings of the sacred Tetragrammaton found in the Leningrad Codex (Codex Leningradensis, B19A or L), dated in 1008–10, are presented and grouping is attempted. Search done with Accordance, Biblia Hebraica Leningradensis, with the Groves-Wheeler Westminster Hebrew Morphology v. 4.20 and BibleWorks v. 8.0. The discussion made on this issue and contributed in the final edition of this draft: https://www.academia.edu/s/dd066471eb/the-six-difference-spellings-of-the-sacred-tetragrammaton-in-the-leningrad-codex-the-primary-masoretic-text-source</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":55974642,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/35704257/The_13_different_spellings_of_the_sacred_Tetragrammaton_in_the_Leningrad_Codex_the_primary_Masoretic_Text_source_%CE%9F%CE%B9_13_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":55974642,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/35704257/The_13_different_spellings_of_the_sacred_Tetragrammaton_in_the_Leningrad_Codex_the_primary_Masoretic_Text_source_%CE%9F%CE%B9_13_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="55974642" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/35704257" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="59960556" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59960556/Gordon_The_Writing_Erasure_and_Correction_of_the_Tetragrammaton_in_Medieval_Hebrew_Bible_Manuscripts_abstract">Gordon, The Writing, Erasure, and Correction of the Tetragrammaton in Medieval Hebrew Bible Manuscripts-abstract</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="715380" href="https://ephe.academia.edu/NehemiaGordon">Nehemia Gordon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bar-Ilan University PhD Dissertation, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study explores scribal practices related to the writing, erasure, and correction of the Tetragrammaton (יהוה) in medieval Hebrew Bible manuscripts (codices and Torah scrolls). Theoretical statements in halakhic literature are compared to actual examples from the five geo-cultural regions in which medieval Hebrew Bible manuscripts were written. The results are presented in an introduction (chapter 1), six main chapters (2–7), and a chapter of summation (chapter 8). Chapters 2, 3, and 4 deal with the writing, erasure, and correction of the Tetragrammaton, respectively. Chapter 5 expands on chapter 2 with an interdisciplinary approach, involving Microscopic Reflectography and XRF (X-ray fluorescence analysis), to explore scribal procedures used to write the Tetragrammaton. Chapter 6 expands on the phenomenon of text-correcting qere, which I discovered during the course of the research on chapters 3 and 4. Chapter 7 explores the gap between the rulings of halakhic authorities and the reality of scribal praxis reflected in medieval Hebrew Bible manuscripts, especially Torah scrolls.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gordon, The Writing, Erasure, and Correction of the Tetragrammaton in Medieval Hebrew Bible Manuscripts-abstract","attachmentId":73620179,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59960556/Gordon_The_Writing_Erasure_and_Correction_of_the_Tetragrammaton_in_Medieval_Hebrew_Bible_Manuscripts_abstract","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59960556/Gordon_The_Writing_Erasure_and_Correction_of_the_Tetragrammaton_in_Medieval_Hebrew_Bible_Manuscripts_abstract"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="45081573" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45081573/Tetragrammaton_Western_Christians_and_the_Hebrew_Name_of_God_from_the_Beginnings_to_the_Seventeenth_Century">Tetragrammaton Western Christians and the Hebrew Name of God, from the Beginnings to the Seventeenth Century</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="94192153" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbimaelCa%C3%A1lOrozco">Abimael Caál Orozco</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tetragrammaton Western Christians and the Hebrew Name of God, from the Beginnings to the Seventeenth Century","attachmentId":65640442,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45081573/Tetragrammaton_Western_Christians_and_the_Hebrew_Name_of_God_from_the_Beginnings_to_the_Seventeenth_Century","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/45081573/Tetragrammaton_Western_Christians_and_the_Hebrew_Name_of_God_from_the_Beginnings_to_the_Seventeenth_Century"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="39879811" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39879811/A_STUDY_OF_THE_TRANSLATION_OF_THE_TETRAGRAMMATON_ITS_PHONETICS_PHONOLOGY_SEMANTICS_AND_ARGUMENT_FOR_RENDERING_IN_VERNACULAR_LANGUAGES">A STUDY OF THE TRANSLATION OF THE TETRAGRAMMATON : ITS PHONETICS, PHONOLOGY, SEMANTICS AND ARGUMENT FOR RENDERING IN VERNACULAR LANGUAGES</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="119195747" href="https://suwon.academia.edu/AlaricNaude">Alaric Naudé</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Journal of Language Studies, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The subject of the translation, transliteration and rendering of the Tetragrammaton () into vernacular languages has been one of heated debate. This paper will look into the Phonetics, Phonology and Semantics of the Tetragrammaton as well as the linguistic and scriptural reasons for advocating its translation and equivalent rendering. Considering the original Hebrew texts as well as texts from the 1 st through to the 6 th Centuries CE of the Septuagint in Greek and Hebrew will provide clear evidence for the appropriateness of translating the Divine Name. Through this powerful linguistic and historical evidence it will also further refute ancient superstitions as well as arguments which are the basis of modern efforts to suppress and ban the use of the Tetragrammaton in both written and spoken form.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A STUDY OF THE TRANSLATION OF THE TETRAGRAMMATON : ITS PHONETICS, PHONOLOGY, SEMANTICS AND ARGUMENT FOR RENDERING IN VERNACULAR LANGUAGES","attachmentId":60064155,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39879811/A_STUDY_OF_THE_TRANSLATION_OF_THE_TETRAGRAMMATON_ITS_PHONETICS_PHONOLOGY_SEMANTICS_AND_ARGUMENT_FOR_RENDERING_IN_VERNACULAR_LANGUAGES","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39879811/A_STUDY_OF_THE_TRANSLATION_OF_THE_TETRAGRAMMATON_ITS_PHONETICS_PHONOLOGY_SEMANTICS_AND_ARGUMENT_FOR_RENDERING_IN_VERNACULAR_LANGUAGES"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="34765119" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34765119/The_Tetragrammaton_in_Egyptian_Sources_Facts_and_Fictions">The Tetragrammaton in Egyptian Sources – Facts and Fictions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="479091" href="https://unibas.academia.edu/MatthiasMueller">Matthias Mueller</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Tetragrammaton in Egyptian Sources – Facts and Fictions","attachmentId":54624265,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34765119/The_Tetragrammaton_in_Egyptian_Sources_Facts_and_Fictions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34765119/The_Tetragrammaton_in_Egyptian_Sources_Facts_and_Fictions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="87016504" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87016504/Blotting_Out_the_Name_Scribal_Methods_of_Erasing_the_Tetragrammaton_in_Medieval_Hebrew_Bible_Manuscripts_Part_1">Blotting Out the Name Scribal Methods of Erasing the Tetragrammaton in Medieval Hebrew Bible Manuscripts, Part 1</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="715380" href="https://ephe.academia.edu/NehemiaGordon">Nehemia Gordon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Textus, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Early rabbinic interpretation of Deut 12:4 prohibited erasure of the Tetragrammaton, which required Jewish scribes to employ creative methods to resolve extraneous instances of the divine name. This may be foreshadowed in the writing of divine appellations in Paleo-Hebrew in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Medieval Jewish scribes employed diverse methods to deal with errors involving the Tetragrammaton. In codices this involved marking God's name with dots, rectangles (also used in liturgical scrolls), lines, and supralinear circelli. Some scribes indicated the Tetragrammaton's erasure by leaving it unpointed and recording a correction (usually Adonai) in the margin, without any additional notation. A special procedure involved a nonstandard usage of the Qere notation. All of these methods were performed in accordance with rabbinic strictures. Part 2 of this study will consider exceptions to the rule and the special case of liturgical Torah scrolls.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Blotting Out the Name Scribal Methods of Erasing the Tetragrammaton in Medieval Hebrew Bible Manuscripts, Part 1","attachmentId":91343868,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87016504/Blotting_Out_the_Name_Scribal_Methods_of_Erasing_the_Tetragrammaton_in_Medieval_Hebrew_Bible_Manuscripts_Part_1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87016504/Blotting_Out_the_Name_Scribal_Methods_of_Erasing_the_Tetragrammaton_in_Medieval_Hebrew_Bible_Manuscripts_Part_1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="87016505" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87016505/Blotting_Out_the_Name_Scribal_Methods_of_Erasing_the_Tetragrammaton_in_Medieval_Hebrew_Bible_Manuscripts_Part_2">Blotting Out the Name Scribal Methods of Erasing the Tetragrammaton in Medieval Hebrew Bible Manuscripts, Part 2</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="715380" href="https://ephe.academia.edu/NehemiaGordon">Nehemia Gordon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Textus, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Part 1 of this study considered how the rabbinic prohibition against erasing the Tetragrammaton led to scribes performing diverse procedures to resolve scribal errors. In part 2 it will be shown that special procedures were performed in Torah scrolls, namely, skiving, excision, and removing sheets. Washing off the divine name was not found in the corpus examined. Despite the rabbinic prohibition, medieval Jewish scribes occasionally marked the Tetragrammaton with a strikethrough or erased it through abrasion. This may have been the handiwork of Karaite scribes who did not see themselves bound by the midrashic interpretation of Deut 12:4. The scribes who wrote the Aleppo Codex may have abraded erroneous instances of the Tetragrammaton in order to create a model codex. Scribes in the isolated Jewish community of Kaifeng, who erased erroneous instances of the Tetragrammaton, may not have been familiar with rabbinic strictures.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Blotting Out the Name Scribal Methods of Erasing the Tetragrammaton in Medieval Hebrew Bible Manuscripts, Part 2","attachmentId":91343873,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87016505/Blotting_Out_the_Name_Scribal_Methods_of_Erasing_the_Tetragrammaton_in_Medieval_Hebrew_Bible_Manuscripts_Part_2","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87016505/Blotting_Out_the_Name_Scribal_Methods_of_Erasing_the_Tetragrammaton_in_Medieval_Hebrew_Bible_Manuscripts_Part_2"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="6469230" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6469230/Some_Curious_Glosses_on_Letters_of_the_Greek_Alphabet_Stretching_the_Bounds_of_a_Tradition">Some Curious Glosses on Letters of the Greek Alphabet: Stretching the Bounds of a Tradition</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9068590" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/AlanGriffiths">Alan Griffiths</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Giliberto, C., and L. Teresi, eds. Limits to Learning: The Transfer of Encyclopaedic Knowledge in the Early Middle Ages. Storehouses of Wholesome Learning. Mediaevalia Groningana New Series 19 (Peters, Paris/Leuven/Walpole, MA), 81–108, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Some Curious Glosses on Letters of the Greek Alphabet: Stretching the Bounds of a Tradition","attachmentId":33257226,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6469230/Some_Curious_Glosses_on_Letters_of_the_Greek_Alphabet_Stretching_the_Bounds_of_a_Tradition","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6469230/Some_Curious_Glosses_on_Letters_of_the_Greek_Alphabet_Stretching_the_Bounds_of_a_Tradition"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="29075751" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29075751/Tetragrammaton_Kurios_and_IAO_among_Jews_Gnostics_and_the_Early_Church">Tetragrammaton, Kurios and IAO among Jews, Gnostics and the Early Church</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27345227" href="https://huji.academia.edu/AntonyHylton">Antony M I C H A E L Hylton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The purpose of the research was to investigate the evidence that the memorial name of Israel's God Yahuwah/IAO was in use among the Christians in the early Church. The principal result of the research was that there is clear evidence that IAO operated as a transliteration of the Tetragram in what are the earliest strata of the LXX. This Old Testament (LXX) of the early Greek speaking Church was often cited by the New Testament writers. It was also noted that in some parts of the second and third century Church, the name IAO was in use in the Scriptures, in prayers, in Biblical commentaries and in baptisms. The appearance of a form of the Tetragram in a Christian baptism has consequences for the way scholars of the New Testament will read the book of Acts and other texts where kurios is supposed to have replaced the Tetragram in citations from the LXX.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tetragrammaton, Kurios and IAO among Jews, Gnostics and the Early Church","attachmentId":49527320,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29075751/Tetragrammaton_Kurios_and_IAO_among_Jews_Gnostics_and_the_Early_Church","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29075751/Tetragrammaton_Kurios_and_IAO_among_Jews_Gnostics_and_the_Early_Church"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="74205200" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74205200/A_Nag_Hammadi_Contribution_to_the_Discussion_About_the_Pront_Nciation_of_the_Tetragrammaton">A Nag Hammadi Contribution to the Discussion About the Pront]Nciation of the Tetragrammaton</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="98563243" href="https://independent.academia.edu/anttimarjanen">antti marjanen</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Nag Hammadi Contribution to the Discussion About the Pront]Nciation of the Tetragrammaton","attachmentId":82437802,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74205200/A_Nag_Hammadi_Contribution_to_the_Discussion_About_the_Pront_Nciation_of_the_Tetragrammaton","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/74205200/A_Nag_Hammadi_Contribution_to_the_Discussion_About_the_Pront_Nciation_of_the_Tetragrammaton"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="41301784" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41301784/In_Search_of_the_Sacred_Tetragrammaton_Name_of_God_PART_3">In Search of the Sacred Tetragrammaton Name of God - PART 3</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6183255" href="https://independent.academia.edu/russelljacquet">Russell Jacquet-Acea</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Jacquet Publishing, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The oldest discovered artifact of the Tetragrammaton dates from the Divided Kingdom of Israel period and is written in the Phoenician script as - - - - which has evolved into the present-day Hebrew Tetragrammaton - - - - translated into English as YHWH. Many inquisitive people today wanting to know more about The Creator God’s Name are asking such good questions as “Should YHWH be translated as Jehovah or Yahweh?” and “What is the difference between Jehovah and Yahweh?” This research will investigate the origin of the Tetragrammaton and those names. Since these four letters have retained their names in contemporary Hebrew and the ancient languages of Aramaic, Paleo-Hebrew/Phoenician AND EGYPTIAN, there is no doubt that the original four letters making up the Tetragrammaton were written in the Egyptian script! Since this Sacred Name of God came out of Egypt, we must go back to this original location and try to find out not only what the pronunciation of The Sacred Name was, but more importantly What is The Meaning of The Name! In this PART 3, more than a dozen ancient manuscripts will be examined in the quest to find the historical roots of the Tetragrammaton and the meaning of the four letters.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"In Search of the Sacred Tetragrammaton Name of God - PART 3","attachmentId":61515746,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41301784/In_Search_of_the_Sacred_Tetragrammaton_Name_of_God_PART_3","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41301784/In_Search_of_the_Sacred_Tetragrammaton_Name_of_God_PART_3"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":55974642,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":55974642,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_55974642" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="28982948" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28982948/R33_James_Barr_The_Variable_Spellings_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_in_JSS_35_1990_303_316_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_Hebrew_Bible_Greek_Bible_and_Qumran_2008_1_16">R33*. James Barr, The Variable Spellings of the Hebrew Bible. in: JSS 35 (1990): 303–316. Revised version: Emanuel Tov, Hebrew Bible, Greek Bible, and Qumran (2008), 1¬–16.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39991070" href="https://huji.academia.edu/EmanuelTov">Emanuel Tov</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"R33*. James Barr, The Variable Spellings of the Hebrew Bible. in: JSS 35 (1990): 303–316. Revised version: Emanuel Tov, Hebrew Bible, Greek Bible, and Qumran (2008), 1¬–16.","attachmentId":49427484,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28982948/R33_James_Barr_The_Variable_Spellings_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_in_JSS_35_1990_303_316_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_Hebrew_Bible_Greek_Bible_and_Qumran_2008_1_16","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28982948/R33_James_Barr_The_Variable_Spellings_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_in_JSS_35_1990_303_316_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_Hebrew_Bible_Greek_Bible_and_Qumran_2008_1_16"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="29064259" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29064259/6_Transliterations_of_Hebrew_Words_in_the_Greek_Versions_of_the_Old_Testament_A_Further_Characteristic_of_the_kaige_Th_Revision_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_The_Greek_and_Hebrew_Bible_1999_501_12">6*. “Transliterations of Hebrew Words in the Greek Versions of the Old Testament: A Further Characteristic of the kaige-Th. Revision?” Revised version: Emanuel Tov, The Greek and Hebrew Bible (1999), 501–12.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39991070" href="https://huji.academia.edu/EmanuelTov">Emanuel Tov</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"6*. “Transliterations of Hebrew Words in the Greek Versions of the Old Testament: A Further Characteristic of the kaige-Th. Revision?” Revised version: Emanuel Tov, The Greek and Hebrew Bible (1999), 501–12.","attachmentId":49519603,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29064259/6_Transliterations_of_Hebrew_Words_in_the_Greek_Versions_of_the_Old_Testament_A_Further_Characteristic_of_the_kaige_Th_Revision_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_The_Greek_and_Hebrew_Bible_1999_501_12","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29064259/6_Transliterations_of_Hebrew_Words_in_the_Greek_Versions_of_the_Old_Testament_A_Further_Characteristic_of_the_kaige_Th_Revision_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_The_Greek_and_Hebrew_Bible_1999_501_12"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="108106829" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/108106829/_Adkarah_The_Tetragrammaton_in_Early_Tiberian_Masoretic_Imagination_Online_Workshop_Origin_History_and_Interpretation_of_Tagin_and_Otiyyot_Meshunnot_for_Writing_the_STaM_Nov_6_8_2023_">"Adkarah: The Tetragrammaton in Early Tiberian Masoretic Imagination" (Online Workshop "Origin, History, & Interpretation of Tagin and Otiyyot Meshunnot for Writing the STaM," Nov 6-8, 2023)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="690061" href="https://washington.academia.edu/RobertVanhoff">Robert Vanhoff</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"Adkarah: The Tetragrammaton in Early Tiberian Masoretic Imagination\" (Online Workshop \"Origin, History, \u0026 Interpretation of Tagin and Otiyyot Meshunnot for Writing the STaM,\" Nov 6-8, 2023)","attachmentId":106579440,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108106829/_Adkarah_The_Tetragrammaton_in_Early_Tiberian_Masoretic_Imagination_Online_Workshop_Origin_History_and_Interpretation_of_Tagin_and_Otiyyot_Meshunnot_for_Writing_the_STaM_Nov_6_8_2023_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/108106829/_Adkarah_The_Tetragrammaton_in_Early_Tiberian_Masoretic_Imagination_Online_Workshop_Origin_History_and_Interpretation_of_Tagin_and_Otiyyot_Meshunnot_for_Writing_the_STaM_Nov_6_8_2023_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="75296346" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75296346/The_Tetragrammaton_in_Egyptian_Sources_Facts_and_Fiction">The Tetragrammaton in Egyptian Sources – Facts and Fiction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="479091" href="https://unibas.academia.edu/MatthiasMueller">Matthias Mueller</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Origins of Yahwism</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Tetragrammaton in Egyptian Sources – Facts and Fiction","attachmentId":83121938,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75296346/The_Tetragrammaton_in_Egyptian_Sources_Facts_and_Fiction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/75296346/The_Tetragrammaton_in_Egyptian_Sources_Facts_and_Fiction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="29064208" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29064208/82_Interchanges_of_Consonants_between_the_Masoretic_Text_and_the_Vorlage_of_the_Septuagint_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_The_Greek_and_Hebrew_Bible_1999_301_11">82*. “Interchanges of Consonants between the Masoretic Text and the Vorlage of the Septuagint,” Revised version: Emanuel Tov, The Greek and Hebrew Bible (1999), 301–11.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39991070" href="https://huji.academia.edu/EmanuelTov">Emanuel Tov</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="30219807" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30219807/50_Computer_Assisted_Alignment_of_the_Greek_Hebrew_Equivalents_of_the_Masoretic_Text_and_the_Septuagint_in_La_Septuaginta_221_42_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_The_Greek_and_Hebrew_Bible_1999_31_51">50*. “Computer Assisted Alignment of the Greek-Hebrew Equivalents of the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint,” in La Septuaginta, 221–42. Revised version: Emanuel Tov, The Greek and Hebrew Bible (1999), 31–51</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39991070" href="https://huji.academia.edu/EmanuelTov">Emanuel Tov</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"50*. “Computer Assisted Alignment of the Greek-Hebrew Equivalents of the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint,” in La Septuaginta, 221–42. Revised version: Emanuel Tov, The Greek and Hebrew Bible (1999), 31–51","attachmentId":50678506,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30219807/50_Computer_Assisted_Alignment_of_the_Greek_Hebrew_Equivalents_of_the_Masoretic_Text_and_the_Septuagint_in_La_Septuaginta_221_42_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_The_Greek_and_Hebrew_Bible_1999_31_51","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30219807/50_Computer_Assisted_Alignment_of_the_Greek_Hebrew_Equivalents_of_the_Masoretic_Text_and_the_Septuagint_in_La_Septuaginta_221_42_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_The_Greek_and_Hebrew_Bible_1999_31_51"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="38308308" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38308308/Judith_Olszowy_Schlanger_On_the_Hebrew_Script_of_the_Greek_Hebrew_Palimpsests_from_the_Cairo_Genizah_in_The_Jewish_Greek_Tradition_in_Antiquity_and_the_Byzantine_Empire_Festschrift_for_Nicholas_de_Lange_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_2014_279_299">Judith Olszowy-Schlanger, “On the Hebrew Script of the Greek-Hebrew Palimpsests from the Cairo Genizah,” in The Jewish-Greek Tradition in Antiquity and the Byzantine Empire: Festschrift for Nicholas de Lange (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014), 279-299</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6688783" 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in the Habakkuk Pesher</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1041613" href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/TimothyLim">Timothy Lim</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Strength to Strength , 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Tetragrammaton in the Habakkuk Pesher","attachmentId":58184384,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38151374/The_Tetragrammaton_in_the_Habakkuk_Pesher","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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Torijano</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Text of the Hebrew Bible. 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