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</div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i dati principali dell'artista o del gruppo musicale"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="color: black;background-color: #F0CF30">Essie Whitman</th></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="height: 2px; color: black;background: #F0CF30"> </th></tr><tr><th style="width: 8.1em;">Nazionalità</th><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stati Uniti (bandiera)"><img alt="Stati Uniti (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Osceola_(Missouri)" title="Osceola (Missouri)">Osceola</a>)</small> </td></tr><tr><th style="width: 8.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Genere_musicale" title="Genere musicale">Genere</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width: 8.1em;">Periodo di attività musicale</th><td><a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a> – <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width: 8.1em;">Strumento</th><td><a href="/wiki/Voce" title="Voce">voce</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width: 8.1em;">Etichetta</th><td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Swan_Records_(etichetta_discografica_statunitense)" title="Black Swan Records (etichetta discografica statunitense)">Black Swan Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Records" title="Paramount Records">Paramount Records</a></li> <li>Timeless Records</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th style="width: 8.1em;">Gruppi</th><td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whitman_Sisters" title="Whitman Sisters">Whitman Sisters</a></li> <li>Whitman Sisters New Orleans Troubadours</li> <li>Jazz Masters</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105958912" class="extiw" title="d:Q105958912"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce Essie Whitman su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Artista_musicale/man" title="Template:Artista musicale/man"><span title="Manuale del template Artista musicale">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Essie Barbara Whitman</b> (<a href="/wiki/Osceola_(Missouri)" title="Osceola (Missouri)">Osceola</a>, <a href="/wiki/4_luglio" title="4 luglio">4 luglio</a> <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/7_maggio" title="7 maggio">7 maggio</a> <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a>) è stata una <a href="/wiki/Cantante" title="Cantante">cantante</a> <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">statunitense</a>, membro del gruppo di sorelle afroamericane <a href="/wiki/Whitman_Sisters" title="Whitman Sisters">Whitman Sisters</a>, imprenditrici e intrattenitrici, che sviluppò la propria attività di arti performative musicali, di danza e comiche dal 1901 al 1943. Si è esibirono in tutti gli Stati Uniti, diventando il gruppo più longevo e pagato nel circuito della Theater Owners Booking Association (TOBA)<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essie_Whitman&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essie_Whitman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Essie Whitman nacque il 4 luglio 1882 a <a href="/wiki/Osceola_(Missouri)" title="Osceola (Missouri)">Osceola</a> (<a href="/wiki/Contea_di_Mississippi_(Missouri)" title="Contea di Mississippi (Missouri)">Mississippi County</a>) dal reverendo Albery Allson Whitman, che era un vescovo della <a href="/wiki/Metodismo" title="Metodismo">Chiesa metodista</a>, e da Caddie A. Whitman; era la seconda di quattro sorelle che includevano Mabel (1880-1942), Alberta (1887-1963) e "Baby" Alice (1900-1969). Si dice che il reverendo Whitman, in seguito noto come il "poeta laureato della razza negra", abbia insegnato alle sue figlie a cantare e ballare il <i><a href="/wiki/Paso_doble" title="Paso doble">doppio passo</a></i> in modo che potessero fare "esercizio sano e giocoso". Le sue lezioni prepararono anche le sue figlie per un ruolo nei suoi tour evangelici e negli atti di <a href="/wiki/Beneficenza" title="Beneficenza">beneficenza</a> della chiesa.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carriera">Carriera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essie_Whitman&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Carriera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essie_Whitman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Carriera"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Intorno al 1898, le sorelle fecero il passaggio allo spettacolo, esibendosi inizialmente nel <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a> bianco come <i>Danzette Sisters</i>. Dopo la morte del reverendo Whitman nel 1901, le Whitman iniziarono a fare tournée nel Sud come cantanti <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">gospel</a>, con la madre come accompagnatrice. Le sorelle avevano una pelle eccezionalmente chiara, il che portò il pubblico a credere che fossero bianche.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La famiglia però decise presto di esibirsi per un pubblico nero, organizzando una compagnia nota come <i>Whitman Sisters New Orleans Troubadours</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Le esibizioni frenetiche delle Whitman si basavano su un format di spettacolo di varietà di canzoni, balli e sketch comici. Gli spettacoli crebbero fino a includere da venti a trenta artisti, un balletto, una jazz <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_musicale" title="Gruppo musicale">band</a> e una pletora di giovani ballerini di talento.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il talento di Essie Whitman divenne evidente durante un <a href="/wiki/Talent_show" title="Talent show">talent show</a> a <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_(Missouri)" title="Kansas City (Missouri)">Kansas City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, nel 1892, quando si aggiudicò il primo posto con la sua interpretazione di "<i>God Won't Love You If You Won't Be Good</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Descritta come un "<i><a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">contralto</a> risonante</i>", aveva una voce forte e bassa. Il suo stile di canto distintivo e il suo talento per la comicità divennero i suoi <a href="/wiki/Marchio" title="Marchio">marchi di fabbrica</a>. Durante il suo lavoro con il gruppo, lavorò anche alla progettazione e alla fabbricazione dei costumi per gli artisti.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel 1921 pubblicò due registrazioni da <a href="/wiki/Solista" title="Solista">solista</a> con i Jazz Masters per la <a href="/wiki/Black_Swan_Records_(etichetta_discografica_statunitense)" title="Black Swan Records (etichetta discografica statunitense)">Black Swan Records</a><sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e nel 1924 e 1925 con la <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Records" title="Paramount Records">Paramount Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quattro registrazioni di Essie Whitman furono incluse in una pubblicazione del marzo 2001 della Timeless Records,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tight Women and Loose Bands, tra il 1921 e il 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Le sorelle Whitman erano delle intrattenitrici decisamente talentuose, ma altrettanto brave come <a href="/wiki/Imprenditore" title="Imprenditore">imprenditrici</a>. Prendendo il pieno controllo della loro attività, sfidarono gli stereotipi riguardanti il ruolo tradizionale delle donne nello <a href="/wiki/Industria_dello_spettacolo" title="Industria dello spettacolo">show business</a>, mentre allo stesso tempo si opposero alla <a href="/wiki/Segregazione_razziale" title="Segregazione razziale">segregazione razziale</a> nel vaudeville. La loro attività divenne il trampolino di lancio per le future generazioni di intrattenitori musicali e luminari del palcoscenico, tra cui <a href="/wiki/Bill_%22Bojangles%22_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill "Bojangles" Robinson">Bill "Bojangles" Robinson</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeni_Le_Gon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeni Le Gon (la pagina non esiste)">Jeni Le Gon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ultimi_anni">Ultimi anni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essie_Whitman&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Ultimi anni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essie_Whitman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Ultimi anni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dopo essersi ritirata dall'attività nel 1926, Essie Whitman divenne una <a href="/wiki/Omiletica" title="Omiletica">predicatrice laica</a> presso la Metropolitan Church di <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Si sposò tre volte, con il principe Ishmael, Johnnie Woods<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e Carter Hayes. Fu un'<a href="/wiki/Evangelismo" title="Evangelismo">evangelista</a> attiva fino alla sua morte, avvenuta il 7 maggio 1963, causata dall'inalazione di fumo da un incendio che distrusse la casa di famiglia.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essie_Whitman&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essie_Whitman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-encyclopedia-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-4">e</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-5">f</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-6">g</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-7">h</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-8">i</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-9">j</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_1-10">k</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/essie-barbara-whitman-2791/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Essie Barbara Whitman (1882–1963)</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Encyclopedia of Arkansas</span>. <small>URL consultato il 20 novembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aaregistry.org/story/the-whitman-sisters-are-formed/"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Whitman Sisters Quartet are Formed</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">African American Registry</span>. <small>URL consultato il 20 novembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soundcloud.com/timelessrecords"><span style="font-style:italic;">Timeless Records</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">SoundCloud</span>. <small>URL consultato il 20 novembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bill-Robinson"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bill Robinson | Tap dancer, Broadway star, Vaudeville | Britannica</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www.britannica.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 20 novembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/jeni-legon-38"><span style="font-style:italic;">Jeni LeGon</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">thehistorymakers.org</span>, The HistoryMakers, 28 luglio 2004. <small>URL consultato il 20 novembre 2024</small>.<br /><div class="cite-q">«<i>Everyday you live and learn</i>»</div></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webapps1.chicago.gov/landmarksweb/web/landmarkdetails.htm?lanId=12171"><span style="font-style:italic;">Metropolitan Apostolic Community Church</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">webapps1.chicago.gov</span>, City of Chicago. <small>URL consultato il 20 novembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Metropolitan Community Church Est. 1920, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metropolitancommunitychurch.net/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Metropolitan Community Church Est. 1920</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">metropolitancommunitychurch.net</span>. <small>URL consultato il 20 novembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.johnnywoodsofficial.com/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Johnny Woods</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Johnnywoodsmusic</span>. <small>URL consultato il 20 novembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essie_Whitman&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essie_Whitman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Lynn Abbott, Doug Seroff, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Out-Sight-African-American-1889-1895/dp/1578064996/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr="><span style="font-style:italic;">Out of Sight: The Rise of African American Popular Music, 1889–1895</span></a>, 1ª ed., <a href="/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi)">Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>, 13 febbraio 2003, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1578064991" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1578064991">978-1578064991</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Nadine George-Graves, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Royalty-Negro-Vaudeville-Negotiation-1900-1940/dp/0312225628"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Royalty of Negro Vaudeville: The Whitman Sisters and the Negotiation of Race, Gender and Class in African American Theater 1900-1940</span></a>, New York, <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>, 30 gennaio 2003, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0312225629" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0312225629">978-0312225629</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essie_Whitman&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essie_Whitman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/it/artist/3495226"><span style="font-style:italic;">Essie Whitman</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></span>, Zink Media.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105958912#P1953" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://it.findagrave.com/memorial/123951128/essie_barbara_whitman"><span style="font-style:italic;">Essie Barbara Whitman (1882-1963)</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">it.findagrave.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 20 novembre 2024</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/essie-barbara-whitman-mn0001298995"><span style="font-style:italic;">Essie Barbara Whitman Songs, Albums, Reviews</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">AllMusic</span>. <small>URL consultato il 20 novembre 2024</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rateyourmusic.com/artist/essie-whitman"><span style="font-style:italic;">Essie Whitman</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">rateyourmusic.com</span>, Sonemic, Inc.. <small>URL consultato il 20 novembre 2024</small>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/6938212">6938212</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000052259904">0000 0000 5225 9904</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no00056933">no00056933</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biografie"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/25px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Biografie" title="Portale:Biografie">Portale Biografie</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jazzstubartwork.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jazz"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jazzstubartwork.svg/16px-Jazzstubartwork.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jazzstubartwork.svg/24px-Jazzstubartwork.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jazzstubartwork.svg/32px-Jazzstubartwork.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="57" data-file-height="89" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Jazz" title="Portale:Jazz">Portale Jazz</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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