CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="nb" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>John Maynard Smith – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","januar","februar","mars","april","mai","juni","juli","august","september","oktober","november","desember"],"wgRequestId":"7352cb41-afcb-486c-a3f0-5d34ffe5adb1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"John_Maynard_Smith","wgTitle":"John Maynard Smith","wgCurRevisionId":22136691,"wgRevisionId":22136691,"wgArticleId":869924,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Sider med referanser fra utsagn","Fødsler 6. januar","Dødsfall 19. april","Enkeltmenn","Artikler hvor bilde er hentet fra Wikidata – biografi","Artikler som trenger referanser","Artikler med offisielle lenker fra Wikidata","Artikler med filmpersonlenker fra Wikidata","Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata","Fødsler i 1920","Dødsfall i 2004","Engelskmenn","Evolusjonsbiologer","Genetikere","Medlemmer av Royal Society","Mottakere av Copleymedaljen"],"wgPageViewLanguage" :"nb","wgPageContentLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"John_Maynard_Smith","wgRelevantArticleId":869924,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nb","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nb"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":4000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q323207","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model", "platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse", "ext.gadget.link-missing-label","ext.gadget.new-section","ext.gadget.superinterwiki","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/John_Maynard_Smith.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1198"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/John_Maynard_Smith.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="799"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Maynard_Smith.jpg/640px-John_Maynard_Smith.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="639"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="John Maynard Smith – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Rediger" href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nb)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//no.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-mating" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siste_endringer&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-John_Maynard_Smith rootpage-John_Maynard_Smith skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hopp til innhold</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Hovedmeny" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hovedmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hovedmeny</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hovedmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasjon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forside" title="Gå til hovedsiden [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Forside</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig" title="Vis en tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Portal" title="Stedet for å få hjelp"><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringer" title="Liste over siste endringer på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringer</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-prosjekt" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-prosjekt" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Prosjektportal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Prosjektportal</span></a></li><li id="n-bidra" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bidra_til_Wikipedia"><span>Hvordan bidra?</span></a></li><li id="n-wikitreff" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikitreff"><span>Wikitreff</span></a></li><li id="n-tinget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinget"><span>Tinget</span></a></li><li id="n-torget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Torget"><span>Torget</span></a></li><li id="n-konkurranser" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Konkurranser"><span>Konkurranser</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-wmno" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.no" rel="nofollow" title="Medlemsorganisasjon for wikipedianere"><span>Wikimedia Norge</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Forside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-no.svg" width="121" height="14" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:S%C3%B8k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlig"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på siden." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=John+Maynard+Smith" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=John+Maynard+Smith" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Flere alternativer" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlig" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=John+Maynard+Smith" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=John+Maynard+Smith" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunn_og_virke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunn_og_virke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Bakgrunn og virke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunn_og_virke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Priser_og_utmerkelser_(utvalg)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Priser_og_utmerkelser_(utvalg)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Priser og utmerkelser (utvalg)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Priser_og_utmerkelser_(utvalg)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Maynard Smith</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 32 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="جون ماينارد سميث – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون ماينارد سميث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="جان مینارد اسمیت – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان مینارد اسمیت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CE%AD%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A3%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B8" title="Τζων Μέυναρντ Σμιθ – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζων Μέυναρντ Σμιθ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="جان مینارد اسمیت – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان مینارد اسمیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%84%88%EB%93%9C_%EC%8A%A4%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="존 메이너드 스미스 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 메이너드 스미스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Maynard_Smith" title="Ioannes Maynard Smith – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="جون ماينارد سميث – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون ماينارد سميث" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B9" title="ジョン・メイナード＝スミス – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・メイナード＝スミス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мейнард Смит, Джон – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мейнард Смит, Джон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Џон Мејнард Смит – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џон Мејнард Смит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="John Maynard Smith" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·梅纳德·史密斯 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰·梅纳德·史密斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q323207#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:John_Maynard_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden (ikke skrevet ennå) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/John_Maynard_Smith" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/John_Maynard_Smith" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&oldid=22136691" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=John_Maynard_Smith&id=22136691&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJohn_Maynard_Smith"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJohn_Maynard_Smith"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=John_Maynard_Smith&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Maynard_Smith" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q323207" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24884810">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;color:black;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks td{background-color:#efefef;color:black;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:0;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.custom td{background:none;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad th{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td{text-align:left;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.headercenter{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.hode th{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{text-align:center;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24884810"><table class="infobox infoboks biografi fastbredde"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">John Maynard Smith</th></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:John_Maynard_Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Maynard_Smith.jpg/250px-John_Maynard_Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Maynard_Smith.jpg/375px-John_Maynard_Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Maynard_Smith.jpg/500px-John_Maynard_Smith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="767" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><span class="edit-props-marker edit-props-P1477 edit-props-P569 edit-props-P19">Født</span></th><td colspan="2"><span><a href="/wiki/6._januar" title="6. januar">6. jan.</a> <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-hash-fcc4c64988f7c6f8260d5f9756873aad5b1d49bb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-fcc4c64988f7c6f8260d5f9756873aad5b1d49bb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="wb-edithandle" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323207?uselang=nb#P569" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><span class="edit-props-marker edit-props-P570 edit-props-P20 edit-props-P509">Død</span></th><td colspan="2"><span><a href="/wiki/19._april" title="19. april">19. apr.</a> <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-hash-e3f7e60fd57a19a620f403bcf0bc3c7519ed92fc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-e3f7e60fd57a19a620f403bcf0bc3c7519ed92fc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-203ed8ef3eed8ed7fb27a8ec2f9c58ab71cd5dec_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-203ed8ef3eed8ed7fb27a8ec2f9c58ab71cd5dec-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-2bd3a4a943572d5e81beca959c66c7f4df36f0e5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-2bd3a4a943572d5e81beca959c66c7f4df36f0e5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-1041acf64f8685a087c32fd42a77bc0a7f87611c_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-1041acf64f8685a087c32fd42a77bc0a7f87611c-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="wb-edithandle" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323207?uselang=nb#P570" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> (84 år)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lewes" title="Lewes">Lewes</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Beskjeftigelse</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Biolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Biolog">Biolog</a>, biologiteorisk forsker, <a href="/wiki/Genetiker" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetiker">genetiker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoolog">zoolog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skribent_(beskjeftigelse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skribent (beskjeftigelse)">skribent</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%98konom" title="Økonom">samfunnsøkonom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universitetsl%C3%A6rer" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitetslærer">universitetslærer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matematiker" title="Matematiker">matematiker</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323207?uselang=nb#P106" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Utdannet ved</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_(Cambridge)" title="Trinity College (Cambridge)">Trinity College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a><sup id="cite_ref-hash-fe5b9a6e85f660a4cea0fc2b13b79783f0f02d99_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-fe5b9a6e85f660a4cea0fc2b13b79783f0f02d99-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Doktorgrads-<br />veileder</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane" title="John Burdon Sanderson Haldane">John Burdon Sanderson Haldane</a><sup id="cite_ref-hash-fe5b9a6e85f660a4cea0fc2b13b79783f0f02d99_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-fe5b9a6e85f660a4cea0fc2b13b79783f0f02d99-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Nasjonalitet</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia">Storbritannia</a></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Medlem av</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a><br />Det ungarske vitenskapsakademiet<br />American Academy of Arts and Sciences<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> (<span title="startdato: 1982">1982</span>–) (Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences)</td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Utmerkelser</th><td colspan="2"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sentrert">14 oppføringer</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Darwinmedaljen" title="Darwinmedaljen">Darwinmedaljen</a> (<span title="tidspunkt: 1986">1986</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-hash-e27d83d43b0dda655f11f523ce26b8aa13f7768b_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-e27d83d43b0dda655f11f523ce26b8aa13f7768b-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Copleymedaljen" title="Copleymedaljen">Copleymedaljen</a> (<span title="tidspunkt: 1999">1999</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-hash-51141e1514645682d6bef19e42d5903d35bb761e_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-51141e1514645682d6bef19e42d5903d35bb761e-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> (<span title="tidspunkt: 1997">1997</span>)<br />ASN Award for Distinguished Achievement in the Conceptual Unification of the Biological Sciences (<span title="tidspunkt: 1995">1995</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-hash-e6c46bf7ae5c1345a7b3dc0665add8e862dc72bb_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-e6c46bf7ae5c1345a7b3dc0665add8e862dc72bb-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Balzanprisen" title="Balzanprisen">Balzanprisen</a> (<span title="tidspunkt: 1991">1991</span>) (arbeidsområde: <a href="/wiki/Genetikk" title="Genetikk">genetikk</a>, statsborgerskap: <a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia">Storbritannia</a>)<br />Darwin–Wallace Medal (<span title="tidspunkt: 2008">2008</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-hash-e027ea2740dc20f92c57c72ada0bc4737a3cdcc4_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-e027ea2740dc20f92c57c72ada0bc4737a3cdcc4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Kyotoprisen for naturvitenskapelig grunnforskning (<span title="tidspunkt: 2001">2001</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-hash-53bcd4a68ca45cb70439d833900202e4c85a61bc_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-53bcd4a68ca45cb70439d833900202e4c85a61bc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Frink Medal (<span title="tidspunkt: 1989">1989</span>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Linnean_Medal" title="Linnean Medal">Linnean Medal</a> (<span title="tidspunkt: 1995">1995</span>)<br />Crafoord Prize in Biosciences (<span title="tidspunkt: 1999">1999</span>) (arbeidsområde: biovitenskap, statsborgerskap: <a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia">Storbritannia</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-hash-e6ebef0bde65d2a28443317387512258a43ba68e_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-e6ebef0bde65d2a28443317387512258a43ba68e-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />ASAB Medal (<span title="tidspunkt: 1995">1995</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-hash-234022ce4f577f070a9facc7939382acd488a400_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-234022ce4f577f070a9facc7939382acd488a400-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Tinbergen Lecture (<span title="tidspunkt: 1976">1976</span>)<br />Mendel Medal (<span title="tidspunkt: 1985">1985</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-hash-d9c952e8d365c29bed52a6cacf88b87713c881e4_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-d9c952e8d365c29bed52a6cacf88b87713c881e4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Honorary Fellow of the Zoological Society of London</div> </div> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Arbeidssted</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a><br />University of Sussex</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Fagfelt</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Evolusjonsbiologi" title="Evolusjonsbiologi">Evolusjonsbiologi</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Kjent for</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spillteori" title="Spillteori">Spillteori</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4"><hr /><div class="sentrert"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Maynard_Smith" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John Maynard Smith">John Maynard Smith på Commons</a></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>John Maynard Smith</b> (født <a href="/wiki/6._januar" title="6. januar">6. januar</a> <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a> i <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> i <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, død <a href="/wiki/19._april" title="19. april">19. april</a> <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> i <a href="/wiki/Lewes" title="Lewes">Lewes</a> i <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a> i England) var en britisk teoretisk <a href="/wiki/Evolusjonsbiolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolusjonsbiolog">evolusjonsbiolog</a> og genetiker. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunn_og_virke">Bakgrunn og virke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bakgrunn og virke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunn og virke"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Opprinnelig var Smith utdannet ingeniør for luftfart under <a href="/wiki/Den_andre_verdenskrig" class="mw-redirect" title="Den andre verdenskrig">den andre verdenskrig</a>, da han tok en grad innen genetikk under ledelse av den kjente biologen <a href="/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" class="mw-redirect" title="J. B. S. Haldane">J. B. S. Haldane</a>. Maynard Smith var medvirkende i anvendelsen av spillteori til evolusjonen og teorier på en rekke andre problemer som for eksempel utviklingen av teorien om <a href="/wiki/Sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex">sex</a> og signalering.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Maynard Smith var sønn av en kirurg og etter farens død i 1928 flyttet hele familien til <a href="/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor">Exmoor</a>, hvor han ble interessert i naturhistorie. Han var ganske misfornøyd med mangelen på formelle naturfag ved <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a> og på denne tiden ble han for alvor interessert i <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> og hans teorier angående evolusjonen.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Etter å ha forlatt skolen sluttet Maynard Smith seg til kommunistpartiet i Storbritannia.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> Han begynte å studere ingeniørfag ved <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity College">Trinity College</a> ved <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a>. Da den andre verdenskrig brøt ut i 1939, trosset han kommunistpartiets linje og meldte seg frivillig til tjeneste.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> Han ble avvist av militæret på grunn av dårlig syn og han fikk beskjed om å fullføre sin ingeniørutdannelse,<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> som han gjorde ferdig i 1941. Han har senere sagt at «under omstendighetene var mitt dårlig syn en selektiv fordel, ettersom den stoppet meg fra å bli skutt».<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Maynard Smith giftet seg med Sheila Matthew, og de fikk senere to sønner og en datter (Tony, Carol, og Julian). Mellom 1942 og 1947 fikk han en grad innen design av militære luftfartøy. Han ble gradvis mindre tiltrukket av kommunismen og ble etterhvert et mye mindre aktivt medlem, før han til slutt forlot kommunistpartiet i 1956,<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> i likhet med mange andre intellektuelle, etter at Sovjetunionen brutalt hadde slått ned den ungarske revolusjonen. </p><p>I 1962 var Maynard Smith en av grunnleggerne av <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Sussex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Sussex (ikke skrevet ennå)">University of Sussex</a> og var professor der mellom 1965 og 1985. Han ble deretter professor emeritus. Før sin død ble bygningen som huset mye av miljø- og biovitenskap ved universitetet i Sussex omdøpt til John Maynard Smith Building, til ære for ham. </p><p>Maynard Smith publiserte en bok med tittelen <i>The Evolution of Sex</i>. Han var også medforfatter av en rekke bøker og publiserte artikler om forskjellige emner innen <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologi</a>. </p><p>I 1991 ble han tildelt <a href="/wiki/Balzanprisen" title="Balzanprisen">Balzanprisen</a> for genetikk og evolusjon «For hans mektige analyse av evolusjonær teori og av den rollen seksuell reproduksjon som en kritisk faktor for utviklingen og overlevelsen av arter».<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> I 1999 ble han tildelt Crafoordprisen sammen med forskerne <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_C._Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George C. Williams (ikke skrevet ennå)">George C. Williams</a>. I 2001 ble han tildelt <a href="/wiki/Kyotoprisen" title="Kyotoprisen">Kyotoprisen</a> for sin biologiske forskning. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Society_for_Evolutionary_Biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ikke skrevet ennå)">European Society for Evolutionary Biology</a> har en pris for ekstraordinære unge forskere innen evolusjonsbiologi kalt The John Maynard Smith Prize. </p><p>Hans siste bok, Animal Signals, medforfattet sammen med <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Harper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Harper (ikke skrevet ennå)">David Harper</a>, ble publisert i 2003. </p><p>Han døde av <a href="/wiki/Lungekreft" title="Lungekreft">lungekreft</a> i sitt eget hjem i <a href="/wiki/Lewes" title="Lewes">Lewes</a> i <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a>, den 19. april 2004, i en alder av 84 år. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Priser_og_utmerkelser_(utvalg)"><span id="Priser_og_utmerkelser_.28utvalg.29"></span>Priser og utmerkelser (utvalg)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Priser og utmerkelser (utvalg)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Priser og utmerkelser (utvalg)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitenskaps%C3%A5ret_1995" title="Vitenskapsåret 1995">1995</a> – <a href="/wiki/Linnean_Medal" title="Linnean Medal">Linnean Medal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hash-fcc4c64988f7c6f8260d5f9756873aad5b1d49bb-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-fcc4c64988f7c6f8260d5f9756873aad5b1d49bb_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>Autorités BnF</span></span>, BNF-ID <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12171212v">12171212v</a></span></span>, besøkt 10. oktober 2015<sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-e3f7e60fd57a19a620f403bcf0bc3c7519ed92fc-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-e3f7e60fd57a19a620f403bcf0bc3c7519ed92fc_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a></span></span>, besøkt 27. april 2014<sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-203ed8ef3eed8ed7fb27a8ec2f9c58ab71cd5dec-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-203ed8ef3eed8ed7fb27a8ec2f9c58ab71cd5dec_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>Babelio</span></span>, Babelio forfatter-ID <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.babelio.com/auteur/wd/179009">179009</a></span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-2bd3a4a943572d5e81beca959c66c7f4df36f0e5-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-2bd3a4a943572d5e81beca959c66c7f4df36f0e5_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span><a href="/wiki/Brockhaus_Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Brockhaus Enzyklopädie">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</a></span></span>, Brockhaus Online-Enzyklopädie-id <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/maynard-smith-john">maynard-smith-john</a></span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-1041acf64f8685a087c32fd42a77bc0a7f87611c-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-1041acf64f8685a087c32fd42a77bc0a7f87611c_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>Social Networks and Archival Context</span></span>, SNAC Ark-ID <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6gv34gv">w6gv34gv</a></span></span>, besøkt 9. oktober 2017<sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-fe5b9a6e85f660a4cea0fc2b13b79783f0f02d99-6"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-fe5b9a6e85f660a4cea0fc2b13b79783f0f02d99_6-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-fe5b9a6e85f660a4cea0fc2b13b79783f0f02d99_6-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-e27d83d43b0dda655f11f523ce26b8aa13f7768b-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-e27d83d43b0dda655f11f523ce26b8aa13f7768b_7-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dsunM9ukGLgaW3HdG9cvJ_QKd7pWjGI0qi_fCb1ROD4/pubhtml?gid=216486814&single=true">docs.google.com</a><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-51141e1514645682d6bef19e42d5903d35bb761e-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-51141e1514645682d6bef19e42d5903d35bb761e_8-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></span></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dsunM9ukGLgaW3HdG9cvJ_QKd7pWjGI0qi_fCb1ROD4/pubhtml?gid=1336391689&single=true">«<span><span><span lang="en">Award winners : Copley Medal</span></span></span>»</a>, verkets språk <span><span><a href="/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk">engelsk</a></span></span>, besøkt 30. desember 2018<sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-e6c46bf7ae5c1345a7b3dc0665add8e862dc72bb-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-e6c46bf7ae5c1345a7b3dc0665add8e862dc72bb_9-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnat.org/awards.html">www.amnat.org</a><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-e027ea2740dc20f92c57c72ada0bc4737a3cdcc4-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-e027ea2740dc20f92c57c72ada0bc4737a3cdcc4_10-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linnean.org/the-society/medals-awards-prizes-grants/the-darwin-wallace-medal">www.linnean.org</a>, besøkt 27. desember 2018<sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-53bcd4a68ca45cb70439d833900202e4c85a61bc-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-53bcd4a68ca45cb70439d833900202e4c85a61bc_11-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/laureates/">www.kyotoprize.org</a><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-e6ebef0bde65d2a28443317387512258a43ba68e-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-e6ebef0bde65d2a28443317387512258a43ba68e_12-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crafoordprize.se/news/the-crafoord-prize-1999/">www.crafoordprize.se</a><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-234022ce4f577f070a9facc7939382acd488a400-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-234022ce4f577f070a9facc7939382acd488a400_13-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asab.org/asab-medal">www.asab.org</a><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-d9c952e8d365c29bed52a6cacf88b87713c881e4-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-d9c952e8d365c29bed52a6cacf88b87713c881e4_14-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genetics.org.uk/medals-and-prizes/genetics-society-medals-and-lectures/mendel-medal/">genetics.org.uk</a><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Maynard_Smith" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John Maynard Smith">John Maynard Smith</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323207?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=345&url_prefix=https://www.imdb.com/&id=nm2345279">John Maynard Smith</a> på <a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" title="Internet Movie Database">Internet Movie Database</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p345"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323207?uselang=nb#P345" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0b0Nm_L3TKg&list=PLVV0r6CmEsFzJSvAc4MBuUP_GrjO1lLHp">John Maynard Smith forteller</a> til <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a>, fra <i>Web of Stories - Life Stories of Remarkable People</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561737">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mottakere_av_copleymedaljen_for_1951–2000" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Copleymedaljen_1951%E2%80%932000" title="Mal:Copleymedaljen 1951–2000"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:Copleymedaljen_1951%E2%80%932000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:Copleymedaljen 1951–2000 (ikke skrevet ennå)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Copleymedaljen_1951%E2%80%932000" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Copleymedaljen 1951–2000"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mottakere_av_copleymedaljen_for_1951–2000" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mottakere av <a href="/wiki/Copleymedaljen" title="Copleymedaljen">copleymedaljen</a> for 1951–2000</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Keilin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Keilin (ikke skrevet ennå)">David Keilin</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Kluyver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Kluyver (ikke skrevet ennå)">Albert Kluyver</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E._T._Whittaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. T. Whittaker (ikke skrevet ennå)">E. T. Whittaker</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">Ronald Fisher</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Howard Florey</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Edensor_Littlewood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Edensor Littlewood (ikke skrevet ennå)">John Edensor Littlewood</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Frank Macfarlane Burnet</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Jeffreys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Jeffreys (ikke skrevet ennå)">Harold Jeffreys</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Hans Adolf Krebs</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Norman Hinshelwood</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fildes" title="Paul Fildes">Paul Fildes</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Chapman" title="Sydney Chapman">Sydney Chapman</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Tadeus Reichstein</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Alexander Robertus Todd">Alexander Todd</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Pirie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Pirie (ikke skrevet ennå)">Norman Pirie</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill Francis Mott</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._V._D._Hodge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. V. D. Hodge (ikke skrevet ennå)">W. V. D. Hodge</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Burns Woodward</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Harold_Richard_Barton" title="Derek Harold Richard Barton">Derek Barton</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warcup_Cornforth" title="John Warcup Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Rodney Robert Porter</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subramanyan Chandrasekhar">Subramanyan Chandrasekhar</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_E._Peierls" title="Rudolf E. Peierls">Rudolf Peierls</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robin_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robin Hill (ikke skrevet ennå)">Robin Hill</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Francis_Atiyah" title="Michael Francis Atiyah">Michael Atiyah</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson">James D. Watson</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Charles_Frank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Charles Frank (ikke skrevet ennå)">Frederick Charles Frank</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Fenner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Fenner (ikke skrevet ennå)">Frank Fenner</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Cottrell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Cottrell (ikke skrevet ennå)">Alan Cottrell</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Huxley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Huxley (ikke skrevet ennå)">Hugh Huxley</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Lighthill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Lighthill (ikke skrevet ennå)">James Lighthill</a> (1998)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Maynard Smith</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_R._Battersby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan R. Battersby (ikke skrevet ennå)">Alan Battersby</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Mal:Copleymedaljen_1731%E2%80%931750" title="Mal:Copleymedaljen 1731–1750">1731–1750</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Mal:Copleymedaljen_1751%E2%80%931800" title="Mal:Copleymedaljen 1751–1800">1751–1800</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Mal:Copleymedaljen_1801%E2%80%931850" title="Mal:Copleymedaljen 1801–1850">1801–1850</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Mal:Copleymedaljen_1851%E2%80%931900" title="Mal:Copleymedaljen 1851–1900">1851–1900</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Mal:Copleymedaljen_1901%E2%80%931950" title="Mal:Copleymedaljen 1901–1950">1901–1950</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Mal:Copleymedaljen_1951%E2%80%932000" title="Mal:Copleymedaljen 1951–2000">1951–2000</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Mal:Copleymedaljen_2001%E2%80%932050" title="Mal:Copleymedaljen 2001–2050">2001–d.d.</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Autoritetsdata" title="Hjelp:Autoritetsdata">Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prabook.com/web/person-view.html?profileId=643517">Prabook</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/maynard-smith-john">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/john-maynard-smith/">Encyclopædia Universalis</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/john-maynard-smith">Nationalencyklopedin</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/john-maynard-smith-%28john-maynard-smith%29">Nationalencyklopedin</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibsys-almaprimo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/dlSearch.do?institution=BIBSYS&vid=BIBSYS&search_scope=blended_scope&query=lsr39,exact,90168837">BIBSYS</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geni.com/profile/index/6000000029850240547">Geni</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Maynard%5FSmith-1">WikiTree</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/98043225">VIAF</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/122546369">GND</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79110564">LCCN</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/000000012031323X">ISNI</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12171212v">BNF</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12171212v">BNF (data)</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/khwz093320zjnqd">LIBRIS</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030257492">SUDOC</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=91610">MGP</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/search/display?dbid=auth&id=35147043">NLA</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00471264">NDL</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0014016">NKC</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/risultati-autori/-/opac-autori/detail/CFIV069441?core=autoriall">ICCU</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX831922">BNE</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00123088">CiNii</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hentet fra «<a dir="ltr" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&oldid=22136691">https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&oldid=22136691</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kategorier" title="Kategori:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:F%C3%B8dsler_i_1920" title="Kategori:Fødsler i 1920">Fødsler i 1920</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:D%C3%B8dsfall_i_2004" title="Kategori:Dødsfall i 2004">Dødsfall i 2004</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Engelskmenn" title="Kategori:Engelskmenn">Engelskmenn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Evolusjonsbiologer" title="Kategori:Evolusjonsbiologer">Evolusjonsbiologer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Genetikere" title="Kategori:Genetikere">Genetikere</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Medlemmer_av_Royal_Society" title="Kategori:Medlemmer av Royal Society">Medlemmer av Royal Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Mottakere_av_Copleymedaljen" title="Kategori:Mottakere av Copleymedaljen">Mottakere av Copleymedaljen</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skjulte kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sider_med_referanser_fra_utsagn" title="Kategori:Sider med referanser fra utsagn">Sider med referanser fra utsagn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:F%C3%B8dsler_6._januar" title="Kategori:Fødsler 6. januar">Fødsler 6. januar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:D%C3%B8dsfall_19._april" title="Kategori:Dødsfall 19. april">Dødsfall 19. april</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Enkeltmenn" title="Kategori:Enkeltmenn">Enkeltmenn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_hvor_bilde_er_hentet_fra_Wikidata_%E2%80%93_biografi" title="Kategori:Artikler hvor bilde er hentet fra Wikidata – biografi">Artikler hvor bilde er hentet fra Wikidata – biografi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_som_trenger_referanser" title="Kategori:Artikler som trenger referanser">Artikler som trenger referanser</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_offisielle_lenker_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler med offisielle lenker fra Wikidata">Artikler med offisielle lenker fra Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_filmpersonlenker_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler med filmpersonlenker fra Wikidata">Artikler med filmpersonlenker fra Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_autoritetsdatalenker_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata">Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Denne siden ble sist redigert 3. jan. 2022 kl. 10:09.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Innholdet er tilgjengelig under <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no">Creative Commons-lisensen Navngivelse-DelPåSammeVilkår</a>, men ytterligere betingelser kan gjelde. Se <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">bruksvilkårene</a> for detaljer.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Personvern</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Om">Om Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Generelle_forbehold">Forbehold</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Atferdsnorm</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Utviklere</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/no.wikipedia.org">Statistikk</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Erklæring om informasjonskapsler</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Maynard_Smith&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilvisning</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Maynard Smith</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>32 språk</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Nytt emne</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d8647bfd6-6ggxq","wgBackendResponseTime":126,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.305","walltime":"1.723","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11460,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":65308,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13265,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":40,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":27866,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":22,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1646.007 1 -total"," 59.99% 987.469 1 Mal:Infoboks_vitenskapsmann"," 59.76% 983.717 1 Mal:Infoboks_biografi"," 25.03% 412.003 1 Mal:Autoritetsdata"," 24.43% 402.170 158 Mal:Infoboks_rad"," 16.15% 265.853 2 Mal:Navboks"," 15.88% 261.467 2 Mal:Navbox"," 13.49% 222.105 2 Mal:Br_separated_entries"," 7.80% 128.312 1 Mal:Copleymedaljen_1951–2000"," 3.49% 57.419 1 Mal:Filmperson"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.938","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11969393,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-57bccb6b4d-qzmkb","timestamp":"20250221100742","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"John Maynard Smith","url":"https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Maynard_Smith","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q323207","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q323207","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bidragsytere til Wikimedia-prosjektene"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-01-26T10:20:14Z","dateModified":"2022-01-03T09:09:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e2\/John_Maynard_Smith.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>