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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Agriculture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Colonial period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_crops_cultivated" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_crops_cultivated"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Main crops cultivated</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_crops_cultivated-sublist" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Muisca_raft_Legend_of_El_Dorado_Offerings_of_gold.jpg/400px-Muisca_raft_Legend_of_El_Dorado_Offerings_of_gold.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="438" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Muisca" title="Category:Muisca">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #FFD500;"><a href="/wiki/Muisca" title="Muisca">Muisca culture</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b>Topics</b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_architecture" title="Muisca architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_art" title="Muisca art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_astronomy" title="Muisca astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_economy" title="Muisca economy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibcha_language" title="Chibcha language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mummification" title="Muisca mummification">Mummies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_music" title="Muisca music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_religion" title="Muisca religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_research_institutes" title="List of Muisca research institutes">Research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_museum_collections" title="List of Muisca museum collections">Collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_and_pre-Muisca_scholars" title="List of Muisca and pre-Muisca scholars">Scholars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_and_pre-Muisca_sites" title="List of Muisca and pre-Muisca sites">Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_warfare" title="Muisca warfare">Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Muisca_society" title="Women in Muisca society">Women</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b>Geography</b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flora_and_fauna_named_after_the_Muisca" title="List of flora and fauna named after the Muisca">Flora and fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altiplano_Cundiboyacense" title="Altiplano Cundiboyacense">Altiplano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1_savanna" title="Bogotá savanna">Bogotá savanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hills,_Bogot%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Hills, Bogotá">Eastern Hills</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenza_Valley" title="Tenza Valley">Tenza Valley</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><b>The Salt People</b></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nemoc%C3%B3n" title="Nemocón">Nemocón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipaquir%C3%A1" title="Zipaquirá">Zipaquirá</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Main neighbours</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guane_people" title="Guane people">Guane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzo_people" title="Muzo people">Muzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panche_people" title="Panche people">Panche</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Muisca" title="Template:History of the Muisca">History</a> and <a href="/wiki/Template:Timeline_of_inhabitation_of_the_Altiplano_Cundiboyacense" title="Template:Timeline of inhabitation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense">timeline</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation#Prehistory" title="Muisca Confederation">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrera_Period" title="Herrera Period">Herrera Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" title="Muisca Confederation">Muisca Confederation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bacatá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunja" title="Tunja">Hunza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogamoso" title="Sogamoso">Suamox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duitama" title="Duitama">Tundama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Spanish conquest</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">Gonzalo</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_P%C3%A9rez_de_Quesada" title="Hernán Pérez de Quesada">Hernán</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_conquistadors_in_Colombia" title="List of conquistadors in Colombia">Others</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Muisca_sidebar" title="Template:Muisca sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Muisca_sidebar" title="Template talk:Muisca sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Muisca_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Muisca sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SabanaBogota.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SabanaBogota.jpg/205px-SabanaBogota.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SabanaBogota.jpg/308px-SabanaBogota.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SabanaBogota.jpg/410px-SabanaBogota.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1262" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1_savanna" title="Bogotá savanna">Bogotá savanna</a>, location of the agricultural fields of the Muisca</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazing_Maize.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Amazing_Maize.jpg/205px-Amazing_Maize.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Amazing_Maize.jpg/308px-Amazing_Maize.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Amazing_Maize.jpg/410px-Amazing_Maize.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2094" data-file-height="1683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize</a> was the main agricultural product for the Muisca</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seedless_Avocado_in_Mexico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Seedless_Avocado_in_Mexico.jpg/205px-Seedless_Avocado_in_Mexico.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Seedless_Avocado_in_Mexico.jpg/308px-Seedless_Avocado_in_Mexico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Seedless_Avocado_in_Mexico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Avocados" class="mw-redirect" title="Avocados">Avocados</a> are a sub-tropical fruit, traded with indigenous neighbours who inhabited cooler areas</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerstenkorrels_Hordeum_vulgare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Gerstenkorrels_Hordeum_vulgare.jpg/205px-Gerstenkorrels_Hordeum_vulgare.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Gerstenkorrels_Hordeum_vulgare.jpg/308px-Gerstenkorrels_Hordeum_vulgare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Gerstenkorrels_Hordeum_vulgare.jpg/410px-Gerstenkorrels_Hordeum_vulgare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>After the conquest of the Muisca lands, <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> was introduced quickly and grew well on the fertile highlands</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tropaeolum_tuberosum4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tropaeolum_tuberosum4.jpg/205px-Tropaeolum_tuberosum4.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tropaeolum_tuberosum4.jpg/308px-Tropaeolum_tuberosum4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tropaeolum_tuberosum4.jpg/410px-Tropaeolum_tuberosum4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1634" data-file-height="1753" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tropaeolum_tuberosum" title="Tropaeolum tuberosum">cubio</a>; a tuber cultivated in the higher altitude areas of the Muisca terrains</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chenopodium_quinoa_in_flower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Chenopodium_quinoa_in_flower.jpg/205px-Chenopodium_quinoa_in_flower.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Chenopodium_quinoa_in_flower.jpg/308px-Chenopodium_quinoa_in_flower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Chenopodium_quinoa_in_flower.jpg/410px-Chenopodium_quinoa_in_flower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">Quinoa</a> was a plant originally from Peru, but cultivated in the highlands of the Muisca territories</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chivata.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Chivata.JPG/205px-Chivata.JPG" decoding="async" width="205" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Chivata.JPG/308px-Chivata.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Chivata.JPG/410px-Chivata.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chivat%C3%A1" title="Chivatá">Chivatá</a> means "our outside crop fields" in Muysccubun</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Muisca agriculture</b> describes the <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Muisca_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Muisca people">Muisca</a>, the advanced civilisation that was present in the times before the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Spanish conquest</a> on the high plateau in the <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombian</a> <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Altiplano_Cundiboyacense" title="Altiplano Cundiboyacense">Altiplano Cundiboyacense</a>. The Muisca were a predominantly agricultural society with small-scale farmfields, part of more extensive terrains. To diversify their diet, they traded mantles, <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">emeralds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halite" title="Halite">salt</a> for fruits, vegetables, <a href="/wiki/Coca" title="Coca">coca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anadenanthera_peregrina" title="Anadenanthera peregrina">yopo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> cultivated in lower altitude warmer terrains populated by their neighbours, the <a href="/wiki/Muzo_people" title="Muzo people">Muzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panche_people" title="Panche people">Panche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guane_people" title="Guane people">Guane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guayupe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Guayupe people">Guayupe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lache_people" title="Lache people">Lache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutagao_people" title="Sutagao people">Sutagao</a> and <a href="/wiki/U%27wa_people" title="U'wa people">U'wa</a>. Trade of products grown farther away happened with the <a href="/wiki/Calima_culture" title="Calima culture">Calima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pijao_people" title="Pijao people">Pijao</a> and Caribbean coastal communities around the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_de_Santa_Marta" title="Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta">Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta</a>. </p><p>Important <a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Muisca scholars">scholars</a> who have contributed to the knowledge about the Muisca agriculture have been <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Sim%C3%B3n" title="Pedro Simón">Pedro Simón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cardale_de_Schrimpff" title="Marianne Cardale de Schrimpff">Marianne Cardale de Schrimpff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Henrik_Langebaek" title="Carl Henrik Langebaek">Carl Henrik Langebaek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_M._Broadbent" title="Sylvia M. Broadbent">Sylvia Broadbent</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_agriculture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The central highlands of the Colombian Andes show evidence of population since 12,400 years <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a> at various archaeological sites such as <a href="/wiki/El_Abra" title="El Abra">El Abra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tequendama" title="Tequendama">Tequendama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tibit%C3%B3" title="Tibitó">Tibitó</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation#Prehistory" title="Muisca Confederation">prehistorical period</a> is called <a href="/wiki/Andean_preceramic" title="Andean preceramic">Preceramic</a> and lasted from 11,000 to 7000 years BP. This was followed by the Archaic period until 3000 BP (1000 BCE). Some of the earliest evidence of agriculture in <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> is found in Colombia, dated at 4000 to 3000 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around this time, <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeological</a> evidence shows the previous <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherer</a>-based people left their rock shelters and started to live on the open plains of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, especially the southern part, the <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1_savanna" title="Bogotá savanna">Bogotá savanna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between ca. 1500 to 1000 BCE, the increase in d13C in Muisca human remains analysed indicate a diet that was richer in maize and as of 1000 BCE maize dominated the Muisca diet.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analysis of C4 by the <a href="/wiki/Groningen_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Groningen University">Groningen University</a> revealed that the cultivation of maize took a leap around 750-800 BCE, the most accepted start of the <a href="/wiki/Herrera_Period" title="Herrera Period">Herrera Period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Early Herrera, around 500 BCE, the use of <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramics</a> became widespread in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is theorized that those developments happened because of the migration of people from other areas.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From approximately 800 AD, the Herrera Period was followed by the Early Muisca Period that lasted until 1200. From 1200 until the conquest of the Spanish, the time is called Late Muisca.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The difference between the Early and Late Muisca Periods mainly lies in the organization of the chiefdoms (<i><a href="/wiki/Cacique" title="Cacique">cacicazgos</a></i>) and the population growth. During the Late Muisca Period, the people were organized in a loose confederation of different rulers. The main <a href="/wiki/Muisca_rulers" title="Muisca rulers">rulers</a> were the <i><a href="/wiki/Zipa" class="mw-redirect" title="Zipa">zipa</a></i> based in <a href="/wiki/Bacat%C3%A1" title="Bacatá">Bacatá</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Zaque" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaque">zaque</a></i> who was seated in <a href="/wiki/Tunja" title="Tunja">Hunza</a>. The northernmost parts of the <a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" title="Muisca Confederation">Muisca Confederation</a> were ruled by the <i><a href="/wiki/Tundama" title="Tundama">Tundama</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Duitama" title="Duitama">Tundama</a> and the holy <i><a href="/wiki/Iraca" title="Iraca">iraca</a></i> based in the sacred City of the Sun <a href="/wiki/Sogamoso" title="Sogamoso">Suamox</a>. Apart from that, different <i>caciques</i> were the heads of smaller villages of <i>bohíos</i> in other parts of the Muisca territories. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_agriculture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Muisca, living on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, were mainly concentrated on the plains and in the valleys, comprising 12% of the Muisca territory, with minor communities in the higher terrains and slopes of the mountains. As the valleys, especially the <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1_savanna" title="Bogotá savanna">Bogotá savanna</a> were part of an ancient lake, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Humboldt,_Colombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Humboldt, Colombia (page does not exist)">Lake Humboldt</a>, the soil was very fertile allowing for a variety of crops to be cultivated.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The agriculture of the Muisca was performed on small-scale cropfields, part of more extensive lands, and in a rather egalitarian manner; the higher <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muisca society (page does not exist)">social classes</a> did not have access to more agricultural products than the lower class Muisca.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their main difference was in the construction of their houses and access to meat. </p><p>The predominant agricultural product of the Muisca was <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> and they had <a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine#Words_for_maize" title="Muisca cuisine">numerous words in their language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chibcha_language" title="Chibcha language">Muysccubun</a>, for the plant, kernels and processing of it.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence for maize cultivation predates the Muisca; already in the Herrera Period maize cultivation has been identified based on <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</a> analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span title="Chibcha-language romanization"><i lang="chb-Latn">cacicazgos</i></span> were <a href="/wiki/Self-sufficient" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-sufficient">self-sufficient</a> in their agricultural products and surpluses of maize (<span title="Chibcha-language romanization"><i lang="chb-Latn">abitago</i></span>) were traded for more tropical climate fruits such as <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">avocados</a> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipomea_batatas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ipomea batatas (page does not exist)">Ipomea batatas</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Muisca used terraces for their agriculture on the often flooded highlands and a system of <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drainage" title="Drainage">drainage</a> was developed.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They cultivated their crops in rows of mounds.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The harvests and the cultivation of the crop fields was the task of men, while the <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Muisca_society" title="Women in Muisca society">women</a> did the sowing. The Muisca believed the fertility of the women would be transferred to the crop fields.<sup id="cite_ref-Daza_p24_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daza_p24-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To increase the fertility of the cropfields, the farmers burned plants and spread the ash over their lands.<sup id="cite_ref-Daza_p24_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daza_p24-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_period">Colonial period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_agriculture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Colonial period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">conquest</a>, the reformation was not only political (<i><a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">encomenderos</a></i>) and religious, through the many <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a>, but also on an agricultural level. The transition to a mixed agriculture with <a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a> crops was remarkably fast, mainly to do with the fertility of the lands of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense permitting European crops to grow there, while in the more tropical areas the soil was not so much suited for the foreign crops. In 1555, the Muisca of <a href="/wiki/Toca,_Boyac%C3%A1" title="Toca, Boyacá">Toca</a> were growing European crops as <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> was grown in other areas.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_crops_cultivated">Main crops cultivated</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_agriculture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Main crops cultivated"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apart from maize, the main plants to be cultivated were: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Canna_edulis" class="mw-redirect" title="Canna edulis">Canna edulis</a></i> or <i>achira</i>, one of the first plants cultivated in the Andes<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arracacia_xanthorrhiza" title="Arracacia xanthorrhiza">Arracacia xanthorrhiza</a></i> or <i>arracacha</i>, ideally grown at altitudes of 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) and above<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tropaeolum_tuberosum" title="Tropaeolum tuberosum">Tropaeolum tuberosum</a></i> or <i>cubio</i>, ideally grown at high altitudes exceeding 3,000 metres (9,800 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxalis_tuberosa" title="Oxalis tuberosa">Oxalis tuberosa</a></i>, although this root is not native to Colombia, it was used by pre-Columbian societies in Cundinamarca and Boyacá after being introduced from its place of origin in Peru, where the majority of varieties are found<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ullucus" title="Ullucus">Ullucus tuberosum</a></i> or <i>ulluku</i><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polymnia_edulis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polymnia edulis (page does not exist)">Polymnia edulis</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-p59_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p59-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" class="mw-redirect" title="Solanum tuberosum">Solanum tuberosum</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solanum_colombianum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solanum colombianum (page does not exist)">Solanum colombianum</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solanum_andigena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solanum andigena (page does not exist)">Solanum andigena</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Solanum_rybinii" class="mw-redirect" title="Solanum rybinii">Solanum rybinii</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Solanum_boyacense" class="mw-redirect" title="Solanum boyacense">Solanum boyacense</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-p59_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p59-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manihot_esculenta" class="mw-redirect" title="Manihot esculenta">Manihot esculenta</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Yuca" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuca">yuca</a>, a very important tuber, cultivated as of 1120 BCE<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ipomoea_batatas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipomoea batatas">Ipomoea batatas</a></i>, sweet potatoes, as evidenced from 3200 years before present in <a href="/wiki/Zipac%C3%B3n" title="Zipacón">Zipacón</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chenopodium_quinoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenopodium quinoa">Chenopodium quinoa</a></i>, quinoa, originating from <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, more than 5000 years before present<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris" title="Phaseolus vulgaris">Phaseolus vulgaris</a></i>, common bean, first domesticated in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a>, Peru and Colombia<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arachis_hypogaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Arachis hypogaea">Arachis hypogaea</a></i>, peanuts<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curcubita_maxima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curcubita maxima (page does not exist)">Curcubita maxima</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curcubita_pepo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curcubita pepo (page does not exist)">Curcubita pepo</a></i>, pumpkins, earliest evidence from Zipacón already 3860 BCE<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Physalis_peruviana" title="Physalis peruviana">Physalis peruviana</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Uchuva" class="mw-redirect" title="Uchuva">uchuva</a>, typical fruit of Colombia, grown at altitudes above 2,200 metres (7,200 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solanum_quitoense" title="Solanum quitoense">Solanum quitoense</a></i> or lulo, the national fruit of Colombia<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora" title="Passiflora">Passiflora</a></i>, a wide variety of passionfruits,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_mixta" title="Passiflora mixta">P. mixta</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_cumablensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora cumablensis (page does not exist)">P. cumablensis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_antioquiensis" title="Passiflora antioquiensis">P. antioquiensis</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_ambigua" title="Passiflora ambigua">P. ambigua</a></i> and the largest species <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_quadrangularis" title="Passiflora quadrangularis">P. quadrangularis</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyphomandra_betacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyphomandra betacea">Cyphomandra betacea</a></i>, tree tomato<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annona_cherimola" class="mw-redirect" title="Annona cherimola">Annona cherimola</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Annona_muricata" class="mw-redirect" title="Annona muricata">A. muricata</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annona_squamosal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annona squamosal (page does not exist)">A. squamosal</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_meridionale" title="Vaccinium meridionale">Vaccinium meridionale</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_glaucus" title="Rubus glaucus">Rubus glaucus</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_macrocarpus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus macrocarpus (page does not exist)">R. macrocarpus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_adenotrichus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus adenotrichus">R. adenotrichus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_agriculture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Muisca_religion" title="Muisca religion">Muisca religion</a>, the god of fertility of the farmfields and the people was <a href="/wiki/Chaqu%C3%A9n" title="Chaquén">Chaquén</a>. During times of sowing and harvest the people gathered to pay tribute to Chaquén. At these festivities, defined by the <a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Muisca calendar</a>, they drank <a href="/wiki/Chicha#Colombia" title="Chicha">chicha</a>, an alcoholic beverage made from fermented maize and sugar.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponyms">Toponyms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_agriculture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Toponyms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many of the <a href="/wiki/Toponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponym">toponyms</a> in the Muisca Confederation refer to the agriculture of the people. The Chibcha word <i>tá</i>, common in names of modern municipalities, means "farm field".<sup id="cite_ref-muysccubun_ta_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muysccubun_ta-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples are the former capital of the southern Muisca; <i><a href="/wiki/Bacat%C3%A1" title="Bacatá">Bacatá</a></i> (after which <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a> is named), <a href="/wiki/Chitaraque" title="Chitaraque">Chitaraque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chivat%C3%A1" title="Chivatá">Chivatá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cucaita" title="Cucaita">Cucaita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guayat%C3%A1" title="Guayatá">Guayatá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soat%C3%A1" title="Soatá">Soatá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socot%C3%A1" title="Socotá">Socotá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tota,_Boyac%C3%A1" title="Tota, Boyacá">Tota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machet%C3%A1" title="Machetá">Machetá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manta,_Cundinamarca" title="Manta, Cundinamarca">Manta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetame" title="Quetame">Quetame</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tabio" title="Tabio">Tabio</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-excelsio_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excelsio-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_agriculture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/42px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/56px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Agriculture" title="Portal:Agriculture">Agriculture portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_economy" title="Muisca economy">Muisca economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incan_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Incan agriculture">Incan agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Mesoamerica" title="Agriculture in Mesoamerica">agriculture in Mesoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Muisca cuisine</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_agriculture&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2005, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Correal, 1990, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hammen et al., 1990, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Correal, 1990, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Argüello García, 2015, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schrimpff, 1985, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Argüello García, 2015, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francis, 1993, pp. 36-38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Langebaek et al., 2011, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daza, 2013, pp. 27-28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kruschek, 2003, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Langebaek, 1985, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schrimpff, 1985, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daza, 2013, p. 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ocampo López, 2007, ch. V, p. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daza_p24-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Daza_p24_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daza_p24_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daza, 2013, p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francis, 1993, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p59-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p59_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p59_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">García, 2012, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ocampo López, 2013, ch. 10, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-muysccubun_ta-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-muysccubun_ta_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muysca.cubun.org/ta%282%29"><i>ta</i></a> - Muysccubun Dictionary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.banrepcultural.org/node/32531">Etymology Bacatá</a> - Banco de la República</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-excelsio-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-excelsio_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.excelsio.net/2011/11/sabe-el-origen-del-nombre-de-su.html">Etymology Municipalities Boyacá</a> - Excelsio.net</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_agriculture&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFArgüello_García2015" class="citation cs2">Argüello García, Pedro María (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/24491/1/Arguello_P._Subsistence_economy.pdf"><i>Subsistence economy and chiefdom emergence in the Muisca area. A study of the Valle de Tena (PhD)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">University of Pittsburgh</a>, pp. 1–193<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-08</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Subsistence+economy+and+chiefdom+emergence+in+the+Muisca+area.+A+study+of+the+Valle+de+Tena+%28PhD%29&rft.pages=1-193&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Arg%C3%BCello+Garc%C3%ADa&rft.aufirst=Pedro+Mar%C3%ADa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship.pitt.edu%2F24491%2F1%2FArguello_P._Subsistence_economy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuisca+agriculture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardale_de_Schrimpff1985" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cardale_de_Schrimpff" title="Marianne Cardale de Schrimpff">Cardale de Schrimpff</a>, Marianne (1985), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4862354.pdf"><i>En busca de los primeros agricultores del Altiplano Cundiboyacense - Searching for the first farmers of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish), Bogotá, Colombia: <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Republic_(Colombia)" title="Bank of the Republic (Colombia)">Banco de la República</a>, pp. 99–125<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-08</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=En+busca+de+los+primeros+agricultores+del+Altiplano+Cundiboyacense+-+Searching+for+the+first+farmers+of+the+Altiplano+Cundiboyacense&rft.place=Bogot%C3%A1%2C+Colombia&rft.pages=99-125&rft.pub=Banco+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Cardale+de+Schrimpff&rft.aufirst=Marianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%2F4862354.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuisca+agriculture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorreal_Urrego1990" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Correal_Urrego" title="Gonzalo Correal Urrego">Correal Urrego</a>, Gonzalo (1990), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://admin.banrepcultural.org/sites/default/files/aguazuque_completo_terminado_baja.pdf"><i>Aguazuque: Evidence of hunter-gatherers and growers on the high plains of the Eastern Ranges</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish), Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República: Fundación de Investigaciones Arqueológicas Nacionales, pp. 1–316<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-08</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aguazuque%3A+Evidence+of+hunter-gatherers+and+growers+on+the+high+plains+of+the+Eastern+Ranges&rft.place=Bogot%C3%A1%2C+Colombia&rft.pages=1-316&rft.pub=Banco+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica%3A+Fundaci%C3%B3n+de+Investigaciones+Arqueol%C3%B3gicas+Nacionales&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Correal+Urrego&rft.aufirst=Gonzalo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadmin.banrepcultural.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Faguazuque_completo_terminado_baja.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuisca+agriculture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaza2013" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Daza, Blanca Ysabel (2013), <i>Historia del proceso de mestizaje alimentario entre Colombia y España - History of the integration process of foods between Colombia and Spain (PhD)</i> (PhD) (in Spanish), Barcelona, Spain: <a href="/wiki/Universitat_de_Barcelona" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitat de Barcelona">Universitat de Barcelona</a>, pp. 1–494</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+del+proceso+de+mestizaje+alimentario+entre+Colombia+y+Espa%C3%B1a+-+History+of+the+integration+process+of+foods+between+Colombia+and+Spain+%28PhD%29&rft.place=Barcelona%2C+Spain&rft.pages=1-494&rft.pub=Universitat+de+Barcelona&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Daza&rft.aufirst=Blanca+Ysabel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuisca+agriculture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancis1993" class="citation cs2">Francis, John Michael (1993), <i>"Muchas hipas, no minas" The Muiscas, a merchant society: Spanish misconceptions and demographic change (M.A.)</i> (M.A.), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">University of Alberta</a>, pp. 1–118</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Muchas+hipas%2C+no+minas%22+The+Muiscas%2C+a+merchant+society%3A+Spanish+misconceptions+and+demographic+change+%28M.A.%29&rft.pages=1-118&rft.pub=University+of+Alberta&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=John+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuisca+agriculture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcía2012" class="citation cs2">García, Jorge Luis (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caracol.org/include/files/chase/GarciaMA.pdf"><i>The Foods and crops of the Muisca: a dietary reconstruction of the intermediate chiefdoms of Bogotá (Bacatá) and Tunja (Hunza), Colombia (M.A.)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (M.A.), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Central_Florida" title="University of Central Florida">University of Central Florida</a>, pp. 1–201<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-08</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foods+and+crops+of+the+Muisca%3A+a+dietary+reconstruction+of+the+intermediate+chiefdoms+of+Bogot%C3%A1+%28Bacat%C3%A1%29+and+Tunja+%28Hunza%29%2C+Colombia+%28M.A.%29&rft.pages=1-201&rft.pub=University+of+Central+Florida&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa&rft.aufirst=Jorge+Luis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caracol.org%2Finclude%2Ffiles%2Fchase%2FGarciaMA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuisca+agriculture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammenCorreal_UrregoKlinken1990" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_van_der_Hammen" title="Thomas van der Hammen">Hammen, Thomas van der</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Correal_Urrego" title="Gonzalo Correal Urrego">Correal Urrego, Gonzalo</a>; Klinken, Gert Jaap van (1990), "Isótopos estables y dieta del hombre prehistórico en la sabana de Bogotá - Stable isotopes and diet of the prehistoric man on the Bogotá savanna", <i>Boletín de arqueología</i> (in Spanish), <b>2</b>, Bogotá, Colombia: 3–10</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+de+arqueolog%C3%ADa&rft.atitle=Is%C3%B3topos+estables+y+dieta+del+hombre+prehist%C3%B3rico+en+la+sabana+de+Bogot%C3%A1+-+Stable+isotopes+and+diet+of+the+prehistoric+man+on+the+Bogot%C3%A1+savanna&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=3-10&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Hammen&rft.aufirst=Thomas+van+der&rft.au=Correal+Urrego%2C+Gonzalo&rft.au=Klinken%2C+Gert+Jaap+van&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuisca+agriculture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKruschek2003" class="citation cs2">Kruschek, Michael H. (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/7735/1/kruschek2003.pdf"><i>The evolution of the Bogotá chiefdom: A household view (PhD)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD), University of Pittsburgh, pp. 1–271<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-08</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+evolution+of+the+Bogot%C3%A1+chiefdom%3A+A+household+view+%28PhD%29&rft.pages=1-271&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Kruschek&rft.aufirst=Michael+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship.pitt.edu%2F7735%2F1%2Fkruschek2003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuisca+agriculture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangebaek_RuedaBernalAristizabalCorcione2011" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Henrik_Langebaek" title="Carl Henrik Langebaek">Langebaek Rueda, Carl Henrik</a>; Bernal, Marcela; Aristizabal, Lucero; Corcione, María Antonieta; Rojas, Camilo; Santa, Tatiana (2011), "Condiciones de vida y jerarquías sociales en el norte de Suramérica: el caso de la población muisca en Tibanica, Soacha - Life conditions and social hierarchies in the north of South America: the case of the Muisca population in Tibanica, Soacha", <i>Indiana</i> (in Spanish), <b>28</b>, Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Preußischer Kulturbesitz: 15–34</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiana&rft.atitle=Condiciones+de+vida+y+jerarqu%C3%ADas+sociales+en+el+norte+de+Suram%C3%A9rica%3A+el+caso+de+la+poblaci%C3%B3n+muisca+en+Tibanica%2C+Soacha+-+Life+conditions+and+social+hierarchies+in+the+north+of+South+America%3A+the+case+of+the+Muisca+population+in+Tibanica%2C+Soacha&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=15-34&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Langebaek+Rueda&rft.aufirst=Carl+Henrik&rft.au=Bernal%2C+Marcela&rft.au=Aristizabal%2C+Lucero&rft.au=Corcione%2C+Mar%C3%ADa+Antonieta&rft.au=Rojas%2C+Camilo&rft.au=Santa%2C+Tatiana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuisca+agriculture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangebaek_Rueda1985" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Henrik_Langebaek" title="Carl Henrik Langebaek">Langebaek Rueda</a>, Carl Henrik (1985), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publicaciones.banrepcultural.org/index.php/boletin_cultural/article/view/3275">"Cuando los muiscas diversificaron la agricultura y crearon el intercambio - When the Muisca diversified the agriculture and created the exchange"</a>, <i>Boletín Cultural y Bibliográfico</i> (in Spanish), <b>22</b> (3), <a href="/wiki/Banco_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica" class="mw-redirect" title="Banco de la República">Banco de la República</a>: 1–8<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-08</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+Cultural+y+Bibliogr%C3%A1fico&rft.atitle=Cuando+los+muiscas+diversificaron+la+agricultura+y+crearon+el+intercambio+-+When+the+Muisca+diversified+the+agriculture+and+created+the+exchange&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1-8&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Langebaek+Rueda&rft.aufirst=Carl+Henrik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublicaciones.banrepcultural.org%2Findex.php%2Fboletin_cultural%2Farticle%2Fview%2F3275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuisca+agriculture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOcampo_López2013" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Javier_Ocampo_L%C3%B3pez" title="Javier Ocampo López">Ocampo López</a>, Javier (2013), <i>Mitos y leyendas indígenas de Colombia - Indigenous myths and legends of Colombia</i> (in Spanish), Bogotá, Colombia: Plaza & Janes Editores Colombia S.A., pp. 1–219, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-958-14-1416-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-958-14-1416-1"><bdi>978-958-14-1416-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mitos+y+leyendas+ind%C3%ADgenas+de+Colombia+-+Indigenous+myths+and+legends+of+Colombia&rft.place=Bogot%C3%A1%2C+Colombia&rft.pages=1-219&rft.pub=Plaza+%26+Janes+Editores+Colombia+S.A.&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-958-14-1416-1&rft.aulast=Ocampo+L%C3%B3pez&rft.aufirst=Javier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuisca+agriculture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOcampo_López2007" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Javier_Ocampo_L%C3%B3pez" title="Javier Ocampo López">Ocampo López</a>, Javier (2007), <i>Grandes culturas indígenas de América - Great indigenous cultures of the Americas</i> (in Spanish), Bogotá, Colombia: Plaza & Janes Editores Colombia S.A., pp. 1–238, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-958-14-0368-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-958-14-0368-4"><bdi>978-958-14-0368-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grandes+culturas+ind%C3%ADgenas+de+Am%C3%A9rica+-+Great+indigenous+cultures+of+the+Americas&rft.place=Bogot%C3%A1%2C+Colombia&rft.pages=1-238&rft.pub=Plaza+%26+Janes+Editores+Colombia+S.A.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-958-14-0368-4&rft.aulast=Ocampo+L%C3%B3pez&rft.aufirst=Javier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuisca+agriculture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="Anishinaabe">Anishinaabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddoan_Mississippian_culture" title="Caddoan Mississippian culture">Caddoan Mississippian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca" title="Chichimeca">Chichimeca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coles_Creek_culture" title="Coles Creek culture">Coles Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_culture" title="Dorset culture">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_culture" title="Fremont culture">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glades_culture" title="Glades culture">Glades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohokam" title="Hohokam">Hohokam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition" title="Hopewell tradition">Hopewell tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marksville_culture" title="Marksville culture">Marksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshara_tradition" title="Oshara tradition">Oshara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patayan" title="Patayan">Patayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picosa_culture" title="Picosa culture">Picosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaquemine_culture" title="Plaquemine culture">Plaquemine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_Bayou_culture" title="Plum Bayou culture">Plum Bayou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point_culture" title="Poverty Point culture">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinagua" title="Sinagua">Sinagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Johns_culture" title="St. Johns culture">St. Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thule_people" title="Thule people">Thule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyville_culture" title="Troyville culture">Troyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeden_Island_culture" title="Weeden Island culture">Weeden Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6;width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_chronology" title="Mesoamerican chronology">Mesoamerican chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acolhua" title="Acolhua">Acolhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capacha" title="Capacha">Capacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcatzingo" title="Chalcatzingo">Chalcatzingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholula_(Mesoamerican_site)" title="Cholula (Mesoamerican site)">Cholula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chup%C3%ADcuaro" title="Chupícuaro">Chupícuaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Cocl%C3%A9" title="Gran Coclé">Coclé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuicuilco" title="Cuicuilco">Cuicuilco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diquis" title="Diquis">Diquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epi-Olmec_culture" title="Epi-Olmec culture">Epi-Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huastec_civilization" title="Huastec civilization">Huastec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izapa" title="Izapa">Izapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezcala_culture" title="Mezcala culture">Mezcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec" title="Mixtec">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nicoya" title="Kingdom of Nicoya">Nicoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmecs" title="Olmecs">Olmecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Pipil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_Empire" title="Purépecha Empire">Purépecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quelepa" title="Quelepa">Quelepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Mexico_shaft_tomb_tradition" title="Western Mexico shaft tomb tradition">Shaft tomb tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teotihuacan" title="Teotihuacan">Teotihuacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepanec" title="Tepanec">Tepanec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuchitl%C3%A1n_culture" title="Teuchitlán culture">Teuchitlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlatilco_culture" title="Tlatilco culture">Tlatilco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlaxcaltec" title="Tlaxcaltec">Tlaxcaltec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toltec" title="Toltec">Toltec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totonac" title="Totonac">Totonac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Veracruz_culture" title="Classic Veracruz culture">Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veraguas_culture" title="Veraguas culture">Veraguas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xochipala" title="Xochipala">Xochipala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6;width:10em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_America" title="History of South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_civilizations" title="Andean civilizations">Andean civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_peoples_of_South_America" title="List of Indigenous peoples of South America">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Cabraline_history_of_Brazil" title="Pre-Cabraline history of Brazil">Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_Bolivia" title="Pre-Columbian Bolivia">Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehispanic_history_of_Chile" title="Prehispanic history of Chile">Cultures of Pre-Columbian Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Chile" title="List of archaeological sites in Chile">Archaeological sites in Chile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_cultures_of_Colombia" title="Pre-Columbian cultures of Colombia">Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Colombia" title="List of archaeological sites in Colombia">Archaeological sites in Colombia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_Ecuador" title="Pre-Columbian Ecuador">Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodization_of_pre-Columbian_Peru" title="Periodization of pre-Columbian Peru">Cultural periods of Peru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Peru" title="List of archaeological sites in Peru">Archaeological sites in Peru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_period_in_Venezuela" title="Pre-Columbian period in Venezuela">Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Abra" title="El Abra">El Abra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amotape_complex" title="Amotape complex">Amotape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atacama_people" title="Atacama people">Atacameño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aymara_kingdoms" title="Aymara kingdoms">Aymara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calima_culture" title="Calima culture">Calima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1ari" title="Cañari">Cañaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capul%C3%AD_culture" title="Capulí culture">Capulí</a>/<a href="/wiki/Capul%C3%AD_culture#Nariño" title="Capulí culture">Nariño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caral%E2%80%93Supe_civilization" title="Caral–Supe civilization">Caral–Supe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casma%E2%80%93Sechin_culture" title="Casma–Sechin culture">Casma–Sechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chachapoya_culture" title="Chachapoya culture">Chachapoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancay_culture" title="Chancay culture">Chancay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chango_people" title="Chango people">Chango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chav%C3%ADn_culture" title="Chavín culture">Chavín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimor" title="Chimor">Chimú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinchorro_culture" title="Chinchorro culture">Chinchorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiripa_culture" title="Chiripa culture">Chiripa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorrera_culture" title="Chorrera culture">Chorrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupisnique" title="Cupisnique">Cupisnique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaguita" title="Diaguita">Diaguita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Chaco_people" title="Gran Chaco people">Gran Chaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huetar_people" title="Huetar people">Huetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalina_people" title="Kalina people">Kalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhikugu" title="Kuhikugu">Kuhikugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumaco-La_Tolita_culture" title="Tumaco-La Tolita culture">La Tolita (Tumaco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_culture_(archaeology)" title="Las Vegas culture (archaeology)">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauricocha_culture" title="Lauricocha culture">Lauricocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanos_de_Moxos_(archaeology)" title="Llanos de Moxos (archaeology)">Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima_culture" title="Lima culture">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokono" title="Lokono">Lokono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupaca" title="Lupaca">Lupaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzia_Woman" title="Luzia Woman">Luzia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mante%C3%B1o-Huancavilca_culture" title="Manteño-Huancavilca culture">Manteño-Huancavilca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_history" title="Mapuche history">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marajoara_culture" title="Marajoara culture">Marajoara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moche_culture" title="Moche culture">Moche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mollo_culture" title="Mollo culture">Mollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Verde" title="Monte Verde">Monte Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazca_culture" title="Nazca culture">Nazca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omagua_people" title="Omagua people">Omagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paij%C3%A1n_culture" title="Paiján culture">Paiján</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaroa_people" title="Piaroa people">Piaroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukara_culture" title="Pukara culture">Pucará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pucar%C3%A1_de_Tilcara" title="Pucará de Tilcara">Pucará de Tilcara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebrada_de_Humahuaca" title="Quebrada de Humahuaca">Quebrada de Humahuaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbaya" title="Quimbaya">Quimbaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saladoid" title="Saladoid">Saladoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Agust%C3%ADn_culture" title="San Agustín culture">San Agustín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuar" title="Shuar">Shuar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sican_culture" title="Sican culture">Sican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tairona" title="Tairona">Tairona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tierradentro" title="Tierradentro">Tierradentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timoto%E2%80%93Cuica_people" title="Timoto–Cuica people">Timoto–Cuica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwanaku_Empire" title="Tiwanaku Empire">Tiwanaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyop%C3%A1n" title="Toyopán">Toyopán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuncahu%C3%A1n" title="Tuncahuán">Tuncahuán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdivia_culture" title="Valdivia culture">Valdivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wankarani_culture" title="Wankarani culture">Wankarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wari_culture" title="Wari culture">Wari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen%C3%BA" title="Zenú">Zenú</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FEEFD6;padding:0; background:transparent;"><div><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="col" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6;;background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"></th><th scope="col" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></th><th scope="col" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a></th><th scope="col" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" title="Muisca Confederation">Muisca</a></th><th scope="col" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></th></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Capital</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Tenochtitlan" title="Tenochtitlan">Tenochtitlan</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Mayan_cities" title="Mayan cities">Multiple</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Tunja" title="Tunja">Hunza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bacat%C3%A1" title="Bacatá">Bacatá</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Language</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Mayan_languages" title="Mayan languages">Mayan Languages</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Chibcha_language" title="Chibcha language">Muysc Cubun</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechua</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Writing</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Script</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Script</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Maya_numerals" title="Maya numerals">Numerals</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Numerals</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Quipu" title="Quipu">Quipu</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Religion</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_religion" title="Aztec religion">Religion</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice_in_Aztec_culture" title="Human sacrifice in Aztec culture">Human Sacrifice</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Religion</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice_in_Maya_culture" title="Human sacrifice in Maya culture">Human Sacrifice</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_religion" title="Muisca religion">Religion</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Inca_Empire" title="Religion in the Inca Empire">Religion</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_mythology" title="Aztec mythology">Mythology</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_mythology" title="Maya mythology">Mythology</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Mythology</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_mythology" title="Inca mythology">Mythology</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Calendar</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_calendar" title="Aztec calendar">Calendar</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Calendar</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Maya_astronomy" title="Maya astronomy">Astronomy</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Calendar</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Muisca_astronomy" title="Muisca astronomy">Astronomy</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_of_the_Incas" title="Mathematics of the Incas">Mathematics</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Society</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_society" title="Aztec society">Society</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_society" title="Maya society">Society</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Trade_in_Maya_civilization" title="Trade in Maya civilization">Trade</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_economy" title="Muisca economy">Economy</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_society" title="Inca society">Society</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Warfare</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_warfare" title="Aztec warfare">Warfare</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_warfare" title="Maya warfare">Warfare</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_warfare" title="Muisca warfare">Warfare</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_army" title="Inca army">Army</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Women</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Aztec_civilization" title="Women in Aztec civilization">Women</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Maya_society" title="Women in Maya society">Women</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Muisca_society" title="Women in Muisca society">Women</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire#Gender_roles" title="Inca Empire">Gender Roles</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_architecture" title="Aztec architecture">Architecture</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_architecture" title="Maya architecture">Architecture</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_architecture" title="Muisca architecture">Architecture</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_architecture" title="Inca architecture">Architecture</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Inca_road_system" title="Inca road system">Road System</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Art</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Aztecs#Art_and_cultural_production" title="Aztecs">Art</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_art" title="Ancient Maya art">Art</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_art" title="Muisca art">Art</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire#Arts_and_technology" title="Inca Empire">Art</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Music</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztecs#Music_and_song" title="Aztecs">Music</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_music" title="Maya music">Music</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_music" title="Muisca music">Music</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andean Music</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Agriculture</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Chinampa" title="Chinampa">Chinampas</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Mesoamerica" title="Agriculture in Mesoamerica">Agriculture</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Agriculture</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_agriculture" title="Inca agriculture">Agriculture</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Cuisine</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_cuisine" title="Aztec cuisine">Cuisine</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Cuisine</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Cuisine</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_cuisine" title="Inca cuisine">Cuisine</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> History</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Aztecs" title="History of the Aztecs">History</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Maya_civilization" title="History of the Maya civilization">History</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Muisca" title="Template:History of the Muisca">History</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Incas" title="History of the Incas">Inca history</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Neo-Inca_State" title="Neo-Inca State">Neo-Inca State</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztecs" title="Aztecs">Aztecs</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">Mayans</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca" title="Muisca">Muisca</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Incas</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Notable Rulers</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Moctezuma_I" title="Moctezuma I">Moctezuma I</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Moctezuma_II" title="Moctezuma II">Moctezuma II</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Cuitl%C3%A1huac" title="Cuitláhuac">Cuitláhuac</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Cuauht%C3%A9moc" title="Cuauhtémoc">Cuauhtémoc</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Janaab%CA%BC_Pakal" title="Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal">Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Uaxaclajuun_Ub%CA%BCaah_K%CA%BCawiil" title="Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil">Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Jasaw_Chan_K%CA%BCawiil_I" title="Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I">Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Nemequene" title="Nemequene">Nemequene</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Quemuenchatocha" title="Quemuenchatocha">Quemuenchatocha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tisquesusa" title="Tisquesusa">Tisquesusa</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tundama" title="Tundama">Tundama</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zoratama" title="Zoratama">Zoratama</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Manco_C%C3%A1pac" title="Manco Cápac">Manco Cápac</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Pachacuti" title="Pachacuti">Pachacuti</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Atahualpa" title="Atahualpa">Atahualpa</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Manco_Inca_Yupanqui" title="Manco Inca Yupanqui">Manco Inca Yupanqui</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Amaru" title="Túpac Amaru">Túpac Amaru</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Conquest</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Spanish Conquest</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Maya" title="Spanish conquest of the Maya">Spanish Conquest</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Spanish conquest of Yucatán">Spanish Conquest of Yucatán</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Montejo" title="Francisco de Montejo">Francisco de Montejo</a>) <br /><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">Spanish Conquest of Guatemala</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Alvarado" title="Pedro de Alvarado">Pedro de Alvarado</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Spanish Conquest</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_P%C3%A9rez_de_Quesada" title="Hernán Pérez de Quesada">Hernán Pérez de Quesada</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_conquistadors_in_Colombia" title="List of conquistadors in Colombia">List of Conquistadors</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Inca_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire">Spanish Conquest</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pizarro" title="Francisco Pizarro">Francisco Pizarro</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><div id="See_also"><b>See also</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_the_Americas" title="Category:Archaeological sites in the Americas">Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mesoamerica" title="Portal:Mesoamerica">Portal:Mesoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramics_of_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous cuisine of the Americas">Indigenous cuisine of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_writing_systems" title="Mesoamerican writing systems">Mesoamerican writing systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting_in_the_Americas_before_European_colonization" title="Painting in the Americas before European colonization">Painting in the Americas before European colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_history_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_art" title="Pre-Columbian art">Pre-Columbian art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg/32px-Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg/48px-Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg/64px-Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Civilizations" title="Portal:Civilizations">Civilizations portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muisca" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Muisca_navbox" title="Template:Muisca navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Muisca_navbox" title="Template talk:Muisca navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Muisca_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Muisca navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muisca" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Muisca" title="Muisca"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Muisca</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><div id="Topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_architecture" title="Muisca architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_art" title="Muisca art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_astronomy" title="Muisca astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_economy" title="Muisca economy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mummification" title="Muisca mummification">Mummification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_music" title="Muisca music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibcha_language" title="Chibcha language">Muysccubun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_religion" title="Muisca religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muisca society (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Society</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_toponyms" title="List of Muisca toponyms">Toponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_warfare" title="Muisca warfare">Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Muisca_society" title="Women in Muisca society">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Colombian_emeralds" title="Colombian emeralds"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Beryl-gem7-72b.jpg/100px-Beryl-gem7-72b.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Beryl-gem7-72b.jpg/150px-Beryl-gem7-72b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Beryl-gem7-72b.jpg/200px-Beryl-gem7-72b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%">Specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pasca" title="Battle of Pasca">Battle of Pasca (~1470)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chocont%C3%A1" title="Battle of Chocontá">Battle of Chocontá (~1490)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">Chicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duit_language" title="Duit language">Duit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_emeralds" title="Colombian emeralds">Emeralds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_raft" title="Muisca raft">Muisca raft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruana" title="Ruana">Ruana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejo_(sport)" title="Tejo (sport)">Tejo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tunjo" title="Tunjo">Tunjo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoratama" title="Zoratama">Zoratama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_economy#Mining" title="Muisca economy">The Salt People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zipaquir%C3%A1" title="Zipaquirá">Zipaquirá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemoc%C3%B3n" title="Nemocón">Nemocón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausa" title="Tausa">Tausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesquil%C3%A9" title="Sesquilé">Sesquilé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><div id="Geography_and_history" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geography and history</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Altiplano_Cundiboyacense" title="Altiplano Cundiboyacense">Altiplano<br />Cundiboyacense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1_River" title="Bogotá River">Bogotá River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Fr%C3%ADo,_Bogot%C3%A1_savanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Río Frío, Bogotá savanna">Frío</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fucha_River" title="Fucha River">Fucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Amarillo_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Amarillo River">Juan Amarillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soacha_River" title="Soacha River">Soacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teusac%C3%A1_River" title="Teusacá River">Teusacá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torca_River" title="Torca River">Torca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunjuelo_River" title="Tunjuelo River">Tunjuelo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1_savanna" title="Bogotá savanna">Bogotá savanna</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suba_Hills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suba Hills (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Suba Hills</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetlands_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Wetlands of Bogotá">Wetlands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hills,_Bogot%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Hills, Bogotá">Eastern Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flora_and_fauna_named_after_the_Muisca" title="List of flora and fauna named after the Muisca">Flora & fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A1rez_River" title="Suárez River">Suárez River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubat%C3%A9-Chiquinquir%C3%A1_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ubaté-Chiquinquirá Valley (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Ubaté-Chiquinquirá Valley</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%">Neighbouring areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocet%C3%A1_P%C3%A1ramo" title="Ocetá Páramo">Ocetá Páramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenza_Valley" title="Tenza Valley">Tenza Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Timeline_of_inhabitation_of_the_Altiplano_Cundiboyacense" title="Template:Timeline of inhabitation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation#Prehistory" title="Muisca Confederation">Prehistory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<b><10,000 BP</b>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Humboldt,_Colombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Humboldt, Colombia (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Lake Humboldt</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Abra" title="El Abra">El Abra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibit%C3%B3" title="Tibitó">Tibitó</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sueva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sueva (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Sueva</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tequendama" title="Tequendama">Tequendama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Andean_preceramic" title="Andean preceramic">Lithic</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<b>10,000 - 2800 BP</b>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piedras_del_Tunjo_Archaeological_Park" title="Piedras del Tunjo Archaeological Park">Piedras del Tunjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checua" title="Checua">Checua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galindo,_Colombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galindo, Colombia (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Galindo</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nemoc%C3%B3n_rock_shelter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nemocón rock shelter (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Nemocón</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1chica_rock_shelter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sáchica rock shelter (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Sáchica</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aguazuque" title="Aguazuque">Aguazuque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Herrera" title="Lake Herrera">Lake Herrera</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Infiernito" title="El Infiernito">El Infiernito</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;">Ceramic <span style="font-size:85%;">(<b>>800 BC</b>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herrera_Period" title="Herrera Period">Herrera</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<b>800 BC - 800</b>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca" title="Muisca">Early Muisca</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<b>800 - 1200</b>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" title="Muisca Confederation">Muisca Confederation</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<b>~1450 - 1540</b>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_Mayor_del_Pueblo_Muisca" title="Cabildo Mayor del Pueblo Muisca">Cabildo Mayor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<b>>2002</b>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><div id="Religion_and_mythology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion and mythology</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Muisca_deities" title="Category:Muisca deities">Deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiminigagua" title="Chiminigagua">Chiminigagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachu%C3%A9" title="Bachué">Bachué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%ADa_(goddess)" title="Chía (goddess)">Chía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A9" title="Sué">Sué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochica" title="Bochica">Bochica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huitaca_(goddess)" title="Huitaca (goddess)">Huitaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibchacum" title="Chibchacum">Chibchacum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuchavira" title="Cuchavira">Cuchavira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nencatacoa" title="Nencatacoa">Nencatacoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaqu%C3%A9n" title="Chaquén">Chaquén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibafruime" title="Chibafruime">Chibafruime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guahaioque" title="Guahaioque">Guahaioque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_and_pre-Muisca_sites" title="List of Muisca and pre-Muisca sites">Sacred sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_architecture#Temples" title="Muisca architecture">Built</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Temple_(Sogamoso)" title="Sun Temple (Sogamoso)">Sun Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Temple_(Ch%C3%ADa)" title="Moon Temple (Chía)">Moon Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cojines_del_Zaque" title="Cojines del Zaque">Cojines del Zaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goranchacha_Temple" title="Goranchacha Temple">Goranchacha Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunzah%C3%BAa_Well" title="Hunzahúa Well">Hunzahúa Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_religion#Sacred_sites" title="Muisca religion">Natural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_F%C3%BAquene" title="Lake Fúquene">Fúquene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Guasca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Guasca (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Guasca</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Guatavita" title="Lake Guatavita">Guatavita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Iguaque" title="Lake Iguaque">Iguaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siecha_Lakes" title="Siecha Lakes">Siecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Suesca" title="Lake Suesca">Suesca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tota" title="Lake Tota">Tota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Ubaque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Ubaque (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Ubaque</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tequendama_Falls" title="Tequendama Falls">Tequendama Falls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Mythology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;">Myths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Dorado" title="El Dorado">El Dorado</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_of_Lake_Tota" title="Monster of Lake Tota">Monster of Lake Tota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;">Mythological figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goranchacha" title="Goranchacha">Goranchacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idacans%C3%A1s" title="Idacansás">Idacansás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacanchique" title="Pacanchique">Pacanchique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomagata" title="Thomagata">Thomagata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><div id="Caciques_and_neighbours" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Caciques and neighbours</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation#Hunza" title="Muisca Confederation">Northern <i>caciques</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><i><a href="/wiki/Zaque" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaque">zaque</a></i> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunza,_Colombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunza, Colombia (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Hunza</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunzah%C3%BAa" title="Hunzahúa">Hunzahúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michu%C3%A1" title="Michuá">Michuá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quemuenchatocha" title="Quemuenchatocha">Quemuenchatocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquiminzaque" title="Aquiminzaque">Aquiminzaque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><i><a href="/wiki/Iraca" title="Iraca">iraca</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Sogamoso" title="Sogamoso">Suamox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nompanim" title="Nompanim">Nompanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugamuxi" title="Sugamuxi">Sugamuxi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><i>cacique</i> of <a href="/wiki/Duitama" title="Duitama">Tundama </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tundama" title="Tundama">Tundama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation#Bacatá" title="Muisca Confederation">Southern <i>caciques</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><i><a href="/wiki/Zipa" class="mw-redirect" title="Zipa">zipa</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Bacat%C3%A1" title="Bacatá">Bacatá</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meicuchuca" title="Meicuchuca">Meicuchuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguamanchica" title="Saguamanchica">Saguamanchica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemequene" title="Nemequene">Nemequene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisquesusa" title="Tisquesusa">Tisquesusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagipa" title="Sagipa">Sagipa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><i>cacique</i> of <a href="/wiki/Turmequ%C3%A9" title="Turmequé">Turmequé</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Torres_y_Moyachoque" title="Diego de Torres y Moyachoque">Diego de Torres y Moyachoque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation#Neighbouring_indigenous_groups" title="Muisca Confederation">Neighbours</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Chibcha_language" title="Chibcha language">Chibcha-speaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U%27wa_people" title="U'wa people">U'wa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutagao_people" title="Sutagao people">Sutagao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guane_people" title="Guane people">Guane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lache_people" title="Lache people">Lache</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Arawakan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arawakan language">Arawak-speaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achagua_people" title="Achagua people">Achagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegua_people" title="Tegua people">Tegua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guayupe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Guayupe people">Guayupe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Cariban_languages" title="Cariban languages">Cariban-speaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panche_people" title="Panche people">Panche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzo_people" title="Muzo people">Muzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarigui_people" title="Yarigui people">Yarigui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><div id="Spanish_conquest" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Spanish conquest</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Conquistadors" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_conquistadors_in_Colombia" title="List of conquistadors in Colombia">Conquistadors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;">Major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">Gonzalo de Quesada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_P%C3%A9rez_de_Quesada" title="Hernán Pérez de Quesada">Hernán de Quesada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltasar_Maldonado" title="Baltasar Maldonado">Baltasar Maldonado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Su%C3%A1rez_Rend%C3%B3n" title="Gonzalo Suárez Rendón">Gonzalo Suárez Rendón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_C%C3%A9spedes_Ruiz" title="Juan de Céspedes Ruiz">Juan de Céspedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Sanct_Mart%C3%ADn" title="Juan de Sanct Martín">Juan de San Martín</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;">Minor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_D%C3%ADaz_de_Cardoso" title="Antonio Díaz de Cardoso">Antonio Díaz de Cardoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Lebrija_(conquistador)" title="Antonio de Lebrija (conquistador)">Antonio de Lebrija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Camacho_Zambrano" title="Bartolomé Camacho Zambrano">Bartolomé Camacho Zambrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Garc%C3%ADa_Zorro" title="Gonzalo García Zorro">Gonzalo García Zorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Mac%C3%ADas" title="Gonzalo Macías">Gonzalo Macías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Venegas_Carrillo" title="Hernán Venegas Carrillo">Hernán Venegas Carrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Albarrac%C3%ADn" title="Juan de Albarracín">Juan de Albarracín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_del_Junco" title="Juan del Junco">Juan del Junco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Tafur" title="Juan Tafur">Juan Tafur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A1zaro_Fonte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lázaro Fonte (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Lázaro Fonte</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Lanchero" title="Luis Lanchero">Luis Lanchero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Galeano" title="Martín Galeano">Martín Galeano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Ya%C3%B1%C3%A9z_Tafur" title="Martín Yañéz Tafur">Martín Yañéz Tafur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Holgu%C3%ADn_y_Figueroa" title="Miguel Holguín y Figueroa">Miguel Holguín y Figueroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ort%C3%BAn_Vel%C3%A1zquez_de_Velasco" title="Ortún Velázquez de Velasco">Ortún Velázquez de Velasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Valenzuela_(conquistador)" title="Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela (conquistador)">Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Ru%C3%ADz_Corredor" title="Pedro Ruíz Corredor">Pedro Ruíz Corredor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%">Neighbouring conquests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Chibchan_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish conquest of the Chibchan Nations">Conquest of the Chibchan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzo_people" title="Muzo people">Conquest of the Muzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panche_people" title="Panche people">Conquest of the Panche</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tocarema" title="Battle of Tocarema">Battle of Tocarema (1538)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><div id="Research_and_collections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Research and collections</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_and_pre-Muisca_scholars" title="List of Muisca and pre-Muisca scholars">Scholars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Acosta" title="Joaquín Acosta">Acosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soledad_Acosta" title="Soledad Acosta">Acosta Samper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Aguado" title="Pedro de Aguado">De Aguado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Arango_Cano" title="Jesús Arango Cano">Arango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_M._Broadbent" title="Sylvia M. Broadbent">Broadbent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Castellanos" title="Juan de Castellanos">De Castellanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli%C3%A9cer_Silva_Celis" title="Eliécer Silva Celis">Celis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Correal_Urrego" title="Gonzalo Correal Urrego">Correal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Domingo_Duquesne" title="José Domingo Duquesne">Duquesne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Freyle" title="Juan Rodríguez Freyle">Freyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Friede" title="Juan Friede">Friede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Gamboa_Mendoza" title="Jorge Gamboa Mendoza">Gamboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Mar%C3%ADa_Groot" title="Ana María Groot">Groot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_van_der_Hammen" title="Thomas van der Hammen">Hammen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Arturo_Izquierdo_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Manuel Arturo Izquierdo Peña">Izquierdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Henrik_Langebaek" title="Carl Henrik Langebaek">Langebaek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_Lugo" title="Bernardo de Lugo">De Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Ocampo_L%C3%B3pez" title="Javier Ocampo López">Ocampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Piedrahita" title="Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita">De Piedrahita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">De Quesada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerardo_Reichel-Dolmatoff" title="Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff">Reichel-Dolmatoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cardale_de_Schrimpff" title="Marianne Cardale de Schrimpff">Schrimpff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Sim%C3%B3n" title="Pedro Simón">Simón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Triana" title="Miguel Triana">Triana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezequiel_Uricoechea" title="Ezequiel Uricoechea">Uricoechea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liborio_Zerda" title="Liborio Zerda">Zerda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eleg%C3%ADas_de_varones_ilustres_de_Indias" title="Elegías de varones ilustres de Indias">Elegías</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1589)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Carnero" title="El Carnero">El Carnero</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1638)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ep%C3%ADtome_de_la_conquista_del_Nuevo_Reino_de_Granada" title="Epítome de la conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada">Epítome</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1889)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_research_institutes" title="List of Muisca research institutes">Research institutes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Institute_of_Anthropology_and_History" title="Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History">ICANH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Colombia" title="National University of Colombia">Universidad Nacional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Los_Andes_(Colombia)" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Los Andes (Colombia)">Universidad de los Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Xavierian_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Xavierian University">Universidad La Javeriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">University of Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedagogical_and_Technological_University_of_Colombia" title="Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia">UPTC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_museum_collections" title="List of Muisca museum collections">Collections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Museum,_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Gold Museum, Bogotá">Museo del Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_Museum,_Sogamoso" title="Archaeology Museum, Sogamoso">Archaeology Museum of Sogamoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_Museum,_Pasca" title="Archaeology Museum, Pasca">Archaeology Museum of Pasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Muisca" title="Category:Muisca">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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