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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ancient period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-9th_century_until_1919" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9th_century_until_1919"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>9th century until 1919</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9th_century_until_1919-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Late 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Since_2001" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Since_2001"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Since 2001</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Since_2001-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mazar-i-Sharif</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81" title="مزار شريف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مزار شريف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%87%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%86" title="Մազարի Շարիֆ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մազարի Շարիֆ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-e_Sharif" title="Mazar-e Sharif – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mazar-e Sharif" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99zari-%C5%9E%C9%99rif" title="Məzari-Şərif – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məzari-Şərif" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%81" title="مزار شریف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مزار شریف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB" title="মাজার-ই-শরিফ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাজার-ই-শরিফ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%A8%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Мазари-Шәриф – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мазари-Шәриф" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%84" title="Мазары-Шарыф – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мазары-Шарыф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%84" title="Мазары-Шарыф – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мазары-Шарыф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Мазари Шариф – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мазари Шариф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-e_Xarif" title="Mazar-e Xarif – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mazar-e Xarif" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Мазари-Шариф – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мазари-Шариф" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maz%C4%81r-e_Shar%C4%ABf_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Mazār-e Sharīf (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mazār-e Sharīf (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maz%C3%A1re_%C5%A0er%C3%ADf" title="Mazáre Šeríf – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mazáre Šeríf" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-i_Sharif" title="Mazar-i Sharif – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Mazar-i Sharif" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-e_Sharif" title="Mazar-e Sharif – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mazar-e Sharif" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masar-e_Scharif" title="Masar-e Scharif – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Masar-e Scharif" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maz%C4%81r-e_Shar%C4%ABf" title="Mazār-e Sharīf – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mazār-e Sharīf" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%86" title="Μαζάρι Σαρίφ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαζάρι Σαρίφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-e_Sarif" title="Mazar-e Sarif – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mazar-e Sarif" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-i_%C5%9Carif" title="Mazar-i Ŝarif – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mazar-i Ŝarif" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-i-Xarif" title="Mazar-i-Xarif – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mazar-i-Xarif" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%81" title="مزار شریف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مزار شریف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maz%C3%A2r-e_Char%C3%AEf" title="Mazâr-e Charîf – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mazâr-e Charîf" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-e-Sharif" title="Mazar-e-Sharif – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mazar-e-Sharif" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%A4%EB%A6%AC%ED%94%84" title="마자르이샤리프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마자르이샤리프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Mazar-i-Sharif – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mazar-i-Sharif" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%87%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%86" title="Մազարի Շարիֆ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մազարի Շարիֆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%8F-%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC" title="मज़ार-ए-शरीफ़ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मज़ार-ए-शरीफ़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-e_%C5%A0arif" title="Mazar-e Šarif – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mazar-e Šarif" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazari_Syarif" title="Mazari Syarif – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mazari Syarif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Мазари-Шариф – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мазари-Шариф" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Mazar-i-Sharif – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mazar-i-Sharif" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-i_Sharif" title="Mazar-i Sharif – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mazar-i Sharif" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%90%D7%A8-%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A3" title="מזאר-י שריף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מזאר-י שריף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%98-%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="მაზარ-ი-შარიფი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაზარ-ი-შარიფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Мазари-Шариф – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мазари-Шариф" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maz%C4%81re%C5%A1ar%C4%ABfa" title="Mazārešarīfa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mazārešarīfa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazari_%C5%A0arifas" title="Mazari Šarifas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mazari Šarifas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maz%C3%A1r-e_Sarif" title="Mazár-e Sarif – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mazár-e Sarif" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC-%E0%B4%87_%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D" title="മസാർ-ഇ ശരീഫ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മസാർ-ഇ ശരീഫ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Mazar-i-Sharif – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mazar-i-Sharif" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%8F-%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AB" title="मझार-ए-शरीफ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मझार-ए-शरीफ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81" title="مزار شريف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مزار شريف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazari_Sharif" title="Mazari Sharif – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mazari Sharif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%B8-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Мазар-и-Шариф – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мазар-и-Шариф" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Mazar-i-Sharif – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mazar-i-Sharif" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AB" title="मजार शरीफ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मजार शरीफ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95" title="マザーリシャリーフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マザーリシャリーフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-e_Sharif" title="Mazar-e Sharif – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mazar-e Sharif" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-e_Sharif" title="Mazar-e Sharif – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mazar-e Sharif" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozori-Sharif" title="Mozori-Sharif – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mozori-Sharif" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0-%E0%A8%8F-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC" title="ਮਜ਼ਾਰ-ਏ-ਸ਼ਰੀਫ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਜ਼ਾਰ-ਏ-ਸ਼ਰੀਫ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%81" title="مزار شریف – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مزار شریف" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81" title="مزار شريف – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مزار شريف" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-i_Sharif" title="Mazar-i Sharif – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mazar-i Sharif" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-i_Szarif" title="Mazar-i Szarif – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mazar-i Szarif" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Mazar-i-Sharif – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mazar-i-Sharif" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masar-e_Scharif" title="Masar-e Scharif – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Masar-e Scharif" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Мазари-Шариф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мазари-Шариф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8-%E1%B1%A4-%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7" title="ᱢᱟᱡᱟᱨ-ᱤ-ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱡᱟᱨ-ᱤ-ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Mazar-i-Sharif – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mazar-i-Sharif" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Mazar-i-Sharif – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mazar-i-Sharif" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maz%C3%A1r-e_%C5%A0ar%C3%ADf" title="Mazár-e Šaríf – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mazár-e Šaríf" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-e_%C5%A0arif" title="Mazar-e Šarif – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mazar-e Šarif" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Мазари Шариф – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мазари Шариф" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-e_%C5%A0arif" title="Mazar-e Šarif – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mazar-e Šarif" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-e_%C5%A0arif" title="Mazar-e Šarif – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mazar-e Šarif" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-e_Sharif" title="Mazar-e Sharif – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mazar-e Sharif" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%88_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D" title="மசார் ஈ சரீப் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மசார் ஈ சரீப்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B-%D0%A8%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Мазары-Шәриф – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мазары-Шәриф" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F" title="มะซารีชะรีฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มะซารีชะรีฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Мазори Шариф – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мазори Шариф" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mez%C3%A2r-%C4%B1_%C5%9Eer%C3%AEf" title="Mezâr-ı Şerîf – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mezâr-ı Şerîf" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Мазарі-Шариф – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мазарі-Шариф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%81" title="مزار شریف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مزار شریف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Mazar-i-Sharif – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mazar-i-Sharif" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Mazar-i-Sharif – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mazar-i-Sharif" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%89%8E%E9%87%8C%E6%B2%99%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB" title="马扎里沙里夫 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马扎里沙里夫" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%89%8E%E9%87%8C%E6%B2%99%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB" title="馬扎里沙里夫 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬扎里沙里夫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mazar-i-Sharif&params=36_42_N_67_07_E_region:AF_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">67°07′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.700°N 67.117°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.700; 67.117</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mazar_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mazar (disambiguation)">Mazar (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Balkh, Afghanistan</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Mazar-i-Sharīf</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities of Afghanistan">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">مزار شریف</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid white;width:266px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nowruz_in_northern_Afghanistan-2011_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nowruz_in_northern_Afghanistan-2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/266px-Nowruz_in_northern_Afghanistan-2011_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nowruz_in_northern_Afghanistan-2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/399px-Nowruz_in_northern_Afghanistan-2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nowruz_in_northern_Afghanistan-2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/532px-Nowruz_in_northern_Afghanistan-2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="426" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Masjid_Sabz_Balkh_Mazar-e_Sharif_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Masjid_Sabz_Balkh_Mazar-e_Sharif_Afghanistan.jpg/132px-Masjid_Sabz_Balkh_Mazar-e_Sharif_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Masjid_Sabz_Balkh_Mazar-e_Sharif_Afghanistan.jpg/198px-Masjid_Sabz_Balkh_Mazar-e_Sharif_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Masjid_Sabz_Balkh_Mazar-e_Sharif_Afghanistan.jpg/264px-Masjid_Sabz_Balkh_Mazar-e_Sharif_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3768" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Burqa,_Shrine_of_Hazrat_Ali_or_The_blue_mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Burqa%2C_Shrine_of_Hazrat_Ali_or_The_blue_mosque.jpg/132px-Burqa%2C_Shrine_of_Hazrat_Ali_or_The_blue_mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Burqa%2C_Shrine_of_Hazrat_Ali_or_The_blue_mosque.jpg/198px-Burqa%2C_Shrine_of_Hazrat_Ali_or_The_blue_mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Burqa%2C_Shrine_of_Hazrat_Ali_or_The_blue_mosque.jpg/264px-Burqa%2C_Shrine_of_Hazrat_Ali_or_The_blue_mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mazar-e_Sharif_-_Blue_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mazar-e_Sharif_-_Blue_detail.jpg/132px-Mazar-e_Sharif_-_Blue_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mazar-e_Sharif_-_Blue_detail.jpg/198px-Mazar-e_Sharif_-_Blue_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mazar-e_Sharif_-_Blue_detail.jpg/264px-Mazar-e_Sharif_-_Blue_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mazar_sharif_street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mazar_sharif_street.jpg/132px-Mazar_sharif_street.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mazar_sharif_street.jpg/198px-Mazar_sharif_street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mazar_sharif_street.jpg/264px-Mazar_sharif_street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rowza_Shrine_Hazrat_Ali_Mazar-e_Sharif_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Rowza_Shrine_Hazrat_Ali_Mazar-e_Sharif_Afghanistan.jpg/266px-Rowza_Shrine_Hazrat_Ali_Mazar-e_Sharif_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Rowza_Shrine_Hazrat_Ali_Mazar-e_Sharif_Afghanistan.jpg/399px-Rowza_Shrine_Hazrat_Ali_Mazar-e_Sharif_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Rowza_Shrine_Hazrat_Ali_Mazar-e_Sharif_Afghanistan.jpg/532px-Rowza_Shrine_Hazrat_Ali_Mazar-e_Sharif_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3784" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Afghanistan_physical_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mazar-i-Sharif is located in Afghanistan"><img alt="Mazar-i-Sharif is located in Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Afghanistan_physical_map.svg/250px-Afghanistan_physical_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Afghanistan_physical_map.svg/375px-Afghanistan_physical_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Afghanistan_physical_map.svg/500px-Afghanistan_physical_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1807" data-file-height="1331" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.429%;left:46.516%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mazar-i-Sharif"><img alt="Mazar-i-Sharif" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Mazar-i-Sharif</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Afghanistan</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Afghanistan</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Bactria_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mazar-i-Sharif is located in Bactria"><img alt="Mazar-i-Sharif is located in Bactria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Greater_Bactria_map.jpg/250px-Greater_Bactria_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Greater_Bactria_map.jpg/375px-Greater_Bactria_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Greater_Bactria_map.jpg/500px-Greater_Bactria_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="838" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.245%;left:39.015%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mazar-i-Sharif"><img alt="Mazar-i-Sharif" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Mazar-i-Sharif</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Mazar-i-Sharif (Bactria)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Bactria</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mazar-i-Sharif is located in West and Central Asia"><img alt="Mazar-i-Sharif is located in West and Central Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg/250px-West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg/375px-West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg/500px-West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5948" data-file-height="3836" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.086%;left:77.278%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mazar-i-Sharif"><img alt="Mazar-i-Sharif" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Mazar-i-Sharif</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Mazar-i-Sharif (West and Central Asia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of West and Central Asia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mazar-i-Sharif&params=36_42_N_67_07_E_region:AF_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">67°07′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.700°N 67.117°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.700; 67.117</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Afghanistan" title="Provinces of Afghanistan">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Balkh_Province" title="Balkh Province">Balkh</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Afghanistan" title="Districts of Afghanistan">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nahri_Shahi_District" title="Nahri Shahi District">Nahri Shahi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Abdullhaq Khurami</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">83 km<sup>2</sup> (32 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">357 m (1,171 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2021)</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">500,207<sup id="cite_ref-nsia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B4:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+4:30">UTC+4:30</a> (Afghanistan Standard Time)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Climate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate#Cold_semi-arid_climates" title="Semi-arid climate">BSk</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mazar-i-Sharīf</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">mə-<span style="font-size:90%">ZARR</span>-ee shə-<span style="font-size:90%">REEF</span></i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a>: <span lang="ps" dir="rtl">مزار شریف</span>), also known as <b>Mazar-e Sharīf</b> or simply <b>Mazar</b>, is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Afghanistan" title="List of cities in Afghanistan">third-largest city</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> by population, with an estimated 500,207 residents in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-nsia_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the capital of <a href="/wiki/Balkh_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkh province">Balkh province</a> and is linked by highways with <a href="/wiki/Kunduz" title="Kunduz">Kunduz</a> in the east, <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> in the southeast, <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a> in the southwest and <a href="/wiki/Termez" title="Termez">Termez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> in the north. It is about 55 km (34 mi) from the Uzbek border. The city is also a tourist attraction because of its famous shrines as well as the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> archeological sites. The ancient city of <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a> is also nearby. </p><p>The region around Mazar-i-Sharif has been historically part of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a> and was controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirids</a> followed by the <a href="/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty" title="Saffarid dynasty">Saffarids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samanid_Empire" title="Samanid Empire">Samanids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilkhanids">Ilkhanids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Timurids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Bukhara" title="Khanate of Bukhara">Khanate of Bukhara</a> until 1751 when it became part of the <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a> (although under autonomous emirs). Eventually the city passed to a few local rulers before becoming part of Afghanistan in 1849. </p><p>Mazar-i-Sharif is the regional hub of northern Afghanistan, located in close proximity to both Uzbekistan and <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>. It is also home to <a href="/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif_International_Airport" title="Mazar-i-Sharif International Airport">an international airport</a>. It has the highest percentage of built-up land (91%)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of all the Afghan provincial capitals, and it has additional built-up area extending beyond the municipal boundary but forming a part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban area</a>. It is also the lowest-lying major city in the country, about 357 metres (1,171 ft) above sea level. The city was spared the devastation that occurred in the country's other large cities during the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a> and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1992%E2%80%931996)" title="Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)">civil war</a>, and was long regarded as one of the safest cities in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 August 2021, Mazar-i-Sharif was seized by <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> fighters, becoming the twenty-fifth provincial capital to be captured by the Taliban as part of the wider <a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">2021 Taliban offensive</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Mazar-i-Sharif</i> means "tomb of the saint", a reference to the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a>, cousin, son-in-law and companion of the <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. The tomb is housed in the large, blue-tiled sanctuary and mosque in the center of the city known as the <a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Ali_Mazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazrat Ali Mazar">Shrine of Ali</a> or the Blue Mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_period">Ancient period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenids</a> controlled the region from the sixth century BCE. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> conquered the area but it was then incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a> after his death. The decline of the Seleucids consequently led to the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian kingdom</a>. Around 130 BCE, the <a href="/wiki/Saka" title="Saka">Sakas</a> occupied the region and the Greco-Bactrian kingdom fell. The <a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a> took Mazar-i-Sharif and the surrounding area which led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanians</a> subsequently controlled the area after the fall of the Kushans. The Islamic conquests reached Mazar-i-Sharif in 651 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="9th_century_until_1919">9th century until 1919</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 9th century until 1919"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region around <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mazar-i-Sharif</a> has been historically part of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a> and was controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirids</a> followed by the <a href="/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty" title="Saffarid dynasty">Saffarids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanids">Samanids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilkhanids">Ilkhanids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Timurids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Bukhara" title="Khanate of Bukhara">Khanate of Bukhara</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mazar-i-Sharif_%26_Band-e-Amir_Fan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Mazar-i-Sharif_%26_Band-e-Amir_Fan.jpg/220px-Mazar-i-Sharif_%26_Band-e-Amir_Fan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Mazar-i-Sharif_%26_Band-e-Amir_Fan.jpg/330px-Mazar-i-Sharif_%26_Band-e-Amir_Fan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Mazar-i-Sharif_%26_Band-e-Amir_Fan.jpg/440px-Mazar-i-Sharif_%26_Band-e-Amir_Fan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Mazar-i-Sharif & surroundings from <a href="/wiki/ISS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISS">ISS</a>, 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>The poet <a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Jalal al-Din Rumi</a> was born somewhere in this area. His father Baha' Walad was descended from the first caliph <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Seljuq_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Seljuq Empire">Seljuk</a> sultan <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Sanjar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Sanjar">Ahmed Sanjar</a> ordered a city and shrine to be built on the location, which was later destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> and his Mongol army in the 13th century, and then rebuilt. During the nineteenth century, due to the absence of drainage systems and the weak economy of the region, the excess water of this area flooded many acres of the land in the vicinity of residential areas causing a malaria epidemic in the region. The ruler of North Central Afghanistan decided to move the capital to Mazar-i-Sharif.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city along with the region south of the <a href="/wiki/Amu_Darya" title="Amu Darya">Amu Darya</a> became part of the <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a> in around 1751. For the most part the region was controlled by autonomous Uzbek rulers). After the Bukharan-Durrani war of 1788–1790, Qilich Ali Beg of <a href="/wiki/Kholm,_Afghanistan" title="Kholm, Afghanistan">Khulm</a> formed a mini-empire stretching from Balkh to <a href="/wiki/Aybak,_Samangan" title="Aybak, Samangan">Aybak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sayghan_District" title="Sayghan District">Saighan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kahmard" title="Kahmard">Kahmard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darah_Sof_District" title="Darah Sof District">Darra-i Suf</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kunduz_Province" title="Kunduz Province">Qunduz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:34_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:34-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he died in 1817, the <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a> and Mazar-i Sharif region became an independent city state with Aqcha as its dependency. In November 1837 the Bukharans conquered the city but Balkh was still able to retain autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-:342_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:342-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1849 the city was conquered and annexed into Afghanistan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_20th_century">Late 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Late 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1980s <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a>, Mazar-i-Sharif was a strategic base for the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet Army</a> as they used its airport to launch air strikes on <a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">mujahideen</a> rebels. Mazar-i-Sharif was also the main city that linked to Soviet territory in the north, especially the roads leading to the <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic">Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic</a>. As a garrison for the Soviet-backed <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Army" title="Afghan Army">Afghan Army</a>, the city was under the command of General <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rashid_Dostum" title="Abdul Rashid Dostum">Abdul Rashid Dostum</a>. Mujahideen militias <a href="/wiki/Hezbe_Wahdat" title="Hezbe Wahdat">Hezbe Wahdat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jamiat-e_Islami" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamiat-e Islami">Jamiat-e Islami</a> both attempted to contest the city but were repelled by the Army. Dostum mutinied against <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Najibullah" title="Mohammad Najibullah">Mohammad Najibullah</a>'s government on March 19, 1992, shortly before its collapse, and formed his new party and militia, <a href="/wiki/Junbish-e_Milli" class="mw-redirect" title="Junbish-e Milli">Junbish-e Milli</a>. The party took over the city the next day. Afterwards Mazar-i-Sharif became the <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> capital of a relatively stable and secular <a href="/wiki/Proto-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-state">proto-state</a> in northern Afghanistan under the rule of Dostum. The city remained peaceful and prosperous, whilst rest of the nation disintegrated and was slowly taken over by fundamentalist <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> forces.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was called at the time a "glittering jewel in Afghanistan's battered crown". Money rolled in from foreign donors <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, newly independent <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> and others, with whom Dostum had established close relations.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He printed his own currency for the region and established his own airline. The city remained relatively liberal as <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> previously was, where activities such as coeducational schools and betting was legal as opposed to the Taliban dominated regions in the south of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This peace was shattered in May 1997 when he was betrayed by one of his generals, warlord <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Malik_Pahlawan" title="Abdul Malik Pahlawan">Abdul Malik Pahlawan</a> who allied himself with the Taliban, forcing him to flee from Mazar-i-Sharif as the Taliban were getting ready to take the city through Pahlawan. Afterwards Pahlawan himself mutinied the Taliban on the deal and it was reported that between May and July 1997 that Pahlawan executed thousands of Taliban members, that he personally did many of the killings by slaughtering the prisoners as a revenge for the 1995 death of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ali_Mazari" title="Abdul Ali Mazari">Abdul Ali Mazari</a>. "He is widely believed to have been responsible for the brutal massacre of up to 3,000 Taliban prisoners after inviting them into Mazar-i-Sharif."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several of the Taliban escaped the slaughtering and reported what had happened. Meanwhile, Dostum came back and took the city again from Pahlawan. </p><p>However the Taliban retaliated in 1998 <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Mazar-i-Sharif_(1997%E2%80%931998)" title="Battles of Mazar-i-Sharif (1997–1998)">attacking the city</a> and killing an estimated 8,000 <a href="/wiki/Non-combatant" title="Non-combatant">non-combatants</a>. At 10 am on 8 August 1998, the Taliban entered the city and for the next two days drove their pickup trucks "up and down the narrow streets of Mazar-i-Sharif shooting to the left and right and killing everything that moved—shop owners, cart pullers, women and children shoppers and even goats and donkeys."<sup id="cite_ref-rashid-73_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rashid-73-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 8000 noncombatants were reported killed in Mazar-i-Sharif and later in <a href="/wiki/Bamiyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamiyan">Bamiyan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the Taliban were criticized for forbidding anyone from burying the corpses for the first six days (contrary to the injunctions of Islam, which demands immediate burial) while the remains rotted in the summer heat and were eaten by dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Taliban also reportedly sought out and massacred members of the <a href="/wiki/Hazara_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazara people">Hazara</a>, while in control of Mazar.<sup id="cite_ref-rashid-73_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rashid-73-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_2001">Since 2001</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Since 2001"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif">Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan (2001–present)</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">2021 Taliban offensive</a></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> in 2001, Mazar-i-Sharif was the first Afghan city to fall to the U.S.-backed <a href="/wiki/Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a> (United Front). The Taliban's defeat in Mazar quickly turned into a rout from the rest of the north and west of Afghanistan. After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mazar-i-Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mazar-i-Sharif">Battle of Mazar-i-Sharif</a> in November 2001, the city was officially captured by forces of the Northern Alliance. They were joined by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Special Operations Forces">United States Special Operations Forces</a> and supported by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> aircraft. As many as 3,000 Taliban fighters who surrendered were reportedly massacred by the Northern Alliance after the battle, and reports also place U.S. ground troops at the scene of the massacre.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Irish documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Massacre:_The_Convoy_of_Death" title="Afghan Massacre: The Convoy of Death">Afghan Massacre: The Convoy of Death</a></i> investigated these allegations. Filmmaker Doran claims that <a href="/wiki/Mass_grave" title="Mass grave">mass graves</a> of thousands of victims were found by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> investigators.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bush administration reportedly blocked investigations into the incident.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luftwaffe_Tornados_in_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Luftwaffe_Tornados_in_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-Luftwaffe_Tornados_in_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Luftwaffe_Tornados_in_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-Luftwaffe_Tornados_in_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Luftwaffe_Tornados_in_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-Luftwaffe_Tornados_in_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="466" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Camp_Marmal" title="Camp Marmal">Camp Marmal</a>, located south of the city next to <a href="/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazar-i-Sharif Airport">Mazar-i-Sharif Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city slowly came under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Hamid_Karzai" title="Presidency of Hamid Karzai">Karzai administration</a> after 2002, which is led by <a href="/wiki/President_of_Afghanistan" title="President of Afghanistan">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai" title="Hamid Karzai">Hamid Karzai</a>. The <a href="/wiki/209th_Corps_(Afghanistan)" title="209th Corps (Afghanistan)">209th Corps (Shaheen)</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_National_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan National Army">Afghan National Army</a> is based at Mazar-i-Sharif, which provides <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Afghanistan">military</a> assistance to northern Afghanistan. The <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Border_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan Border Police">Afghan Border Police</a> headquarters for the Northern Zone is also located in the city. Despite the security put in place, there are reports of Taliban activities and <a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">assassinations</a> of tribal elders. Officials in Mazar-i-Sharif reported that between 20 and 30 Afghan tribal elders have been assassinated in <a href="/wiki/Balkh_Province" title="Balkh Province">Balkh Province</a> in the last several years. There is no conclusive evidence as to who is behind it but majority of the victims are said to have been associated with the <a href="/wiki/Hezb-i_Islami" class="mw-redirect" title="Hezb-i Islami">Hezb-i Islami</a> political party.<sup id="cite_ref-PAN-assassinations_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAN-assassinations-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re_with_Afghan_Governor_Atta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re_with_Afghan_Governor_Atta.jpg/220px-Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re_with_Afghan_Governor_Atta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re_with_Afghan_Governor_Atta.jpg/330px-Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re_with_Afghan_Governor_Atta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re_with_Afghan_Governor_Atta.jpg/440px-Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re_with_Afghan_Governor_Atta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re" title="Thomas de Maizière">Thomas de Maizière</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_Defence_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany)">German Minister of Defense</a>, with <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Balkh" title="List of governors of Balkh">Balkh Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Atta_Muhammad_Nur" title="Atta Muhammad Nur">Atta Muhammad Nur</a> in 2010</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Kerry_at_Balkh_University_in_May_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/John_Kerry_at_Balkh_University_in_May_2011.jpg/220px-John_Kerry_at_Balkh_University_in_May_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/John_Kerry_at_Balkh_University_in_May_2011.jpg/330px-John_Kerry_at_Balkh_University_in_May_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/John_Kerry_at_Balkh_University_in_May_2011.jpg/440px-John_Kerry_at_Balkh_University_in_May_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> at <a href="/wiki/Balkh_University" title="Balkh University">Balkh University</a> in May 2011</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carpet_seller_in_mazar-e-sharif.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Carpet_seller_in_mazar-e-sharif.jpg/170px-Carpet_seller_in_mazar-e-sharif.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Carpet_seller_in_mazar-e-sharif.jpg/255px-Carpet_seller_in_mazar-e-sharif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Carpet_seller_in_mazar-e-sharif.jpg/340px-Carpet_seller_in_mazar-e-sharif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>A carpet seller in Mazar</figcaption></figure> <p>Small-scale clashes between militias belonging to different commanders persisted throughout 2002, and were the focus of intensive UN peace-brokering and small arms disarmament programme. After some pressure, an office of the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission opened an office in Mazar in April 2003. There were reports about northern <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun people">Pashtun</a> civilians being ethnically cleansed by the other groups, mainly by ethnic Tajiks, Hazaras and Uzbeks.<sup id="cite_ref-USAToday_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">NATO-led peacekeeping forces</a> in and around the city provided assistance to the Afghan government. <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force#Structure" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF Regional Command North</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, is stationed at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Marmal" title="Camp Marmal">Camp Marmal</a> which lies next to <a href="/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazar-i-Sharif Airport">Mazar-i-Sharif Airport</a>. Since 2006, <a href="/wiki/PRT_Mazar-i-Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="PRT Mazar-i-Sharif">Provincial Reconstruction Team Mazar-i-Sharif</a> had unit commanders from Sweden on loan to ISAF. The unit is stationed at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camp_Northern_Lights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camp Northern Lights (page does not exist)">Camp Northern Lights</a> which is located ten kilometres (six miles) west of Camp Marmal. <a href="/wiki/Camp_Nidaros" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Nidaros">Camp Nidaros</a>, located within Camp Marmal, has soldiers from <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> and Norway and is led by an ISAF-officer from Norway. </p><p>In 2006, the discovery of new <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> remains was announced.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 1, 2011, ten foreign employees working for <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Assistance_Mission_in_Afghanistan" title="United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan">United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/UNAMA" class="mw-redirect" title="UNAMA">UNAMA</a>) <a href="/wiki/2011_Mazar-i-Sharif_attack" title="2011 Mazar-i-Sharif attack">were killed</a> by angry demonstrators in the city. The demonstration was organized in retaliation to <a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">pastors</a> <a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones_(pastor)" title="Terry Jones (pastor)">Terry Jones</a> and Wayne Sapp's <a href="/wiki/2010_Qur%27an-burning_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Qur'an-burning controversy">March 21 Qur'an-burning</a> in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, United States.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the dead were five <a href="/wiki/Nepalis" title="Nepalis">Nepalis</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Norwegians" title="Norwegians">Norwegian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedes" title="Swedes">Swedish</a> nationals, two of them were said to be <a href="/wiki/Decapitation" title="Decapitation">decapitated</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terry Jones, the American pastor who was going to burn <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Holy Book</a>, denied his responsibility for incitement.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> strongly condemned both the Quran burning, calling it an act of "extreme intolerance and bigotry", and the "outrageous" attacks by protesters, referring to them as "an affront to human decency and dignity." "No religion tolerates the slaughter and beheading of innocent people, and there is no justification for such a dishonorable and deplorable act."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. legislators, including Senate Majority Leader <a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Harry Reid</a>, also condemned both the burning and the violence in reaction to it.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By July 2011 violence grew to a record high in the <a href="/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">insurgency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late July 2011, NATO troops also handed control of Mazar-i-Sharif to local forces amid rising security fears just days after it was hit by a deadly bombing. Mazar-i-Sharif is the sixth of seven areas to transition to Afghan control, but critics say the timing is political and there is skepticism over Afghan abilities to combat the <a href="/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">Taliban insurgency</a>. </p><p>On 10 November 2016, a <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">suicide attacker</a> <a href="/wiki/2016_bombing_of_the_German_consulate_in_Mazar-i-Sharif" title="2016 bombing of the German consulate in Mazar-i-Sharif">rammed a truck bomb into the wall of the German consulate</a> in Mazar-i-Sharif. Eight people were killed and more than a hundred others were injured.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yahoo_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 April 2017, a <a href="/wiki/2017_Camp_Shaheen_attack" title="2017 Camp Shaheen attack">coordinated Taliban attack</a> killed more than 100 people at <a href="/wiki/209th_Corps_(Afghanistan)" title="209th Corps (Afghanistan)">Camp Shaheen</a>, the Afghan Army base in Mazar-i-Sharif.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2018, <a href="/wiki/VOA" class="mw-redirect" title="VOA">VOA</a> reported that 40 houses in Qazil Abad, an immediate <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburb</a> of Mazar-i-Sharif, used <a href="/wiki/Unexploded_ordnance" title="Unexploded ordnance">unexploded</a> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Grad_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Grad missile">Grad</a> <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-surface_missile" title="Surface-to-surface missile">surface-to-surface rockets</a> as construction materials. As a result, several people were killed and wounded from explosions over the years. These rockets, left behind by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet Army</a> in 1989 at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a>, were used as cheap building materials by the poor residents of the village. It was estimated that over 400 rockets were incorporated into the village as wall and ceiling beams, door-stoppers, and even footbridges used by children. When the rest of the world discovered this fact, the <a href="/wiki/Danish_demining_group" title="Danish demining group">Danish demining group</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Refugee_Council" title="Danish Refugee Council">Danish Refugee Council</a> visited the village and, after asking the residents, began <a href="/wiki/Demining" title="Demining">demining</a> and rebuilding the village, safely removing and disposing of the rockets through <a href="/wiki/Controlled_explosion" title="Controlled explosion">controlled detonation</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_border" title="Afghanistan–Uzbekistan border">border with Uzbekistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President Ghani visited the city on 11 August 2021 to rally local warlords to fight the Taliban.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 August, the Taliban captured Mazar-i-Sharif along with <a href="/wiki/Sharana" title="Sharana">Sharana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asadabad,_Afghanistan" title="Asadabad, Afghanistan">Asadabad</a>, the provincial capitals of <a href="/wiki/Paktika_Province" title="Paktika Province">Paktika</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kunar_Province" title="Kunar Province">Kunar</a> provinces respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local government forces and regional leaders <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rashid_Dostum" title="Abdul Rashid Dostum">Abdul Rashid Dostum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atta_Mohammad_Noor" class="mw-redirect" title="Atta Mohammad Noor">Atta Mohammad Noor</a> fled to neighboring <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 April 2022, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" title="Islamic State – Khorasan Province">Islamic State – Khorasan Province</a> <a href="/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_mosque_bombing" title="2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing">killed 31 people</a> by bombing a <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Afghanistan" title="Shia Islam in Afghanistan">Shia</a> <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a>. A week later, 11 people <a href="/wiki/28_April_2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_bombings" title="28 April 2022 Mazar-i-Sharif bombings">were killed</a> in a double bombing. </p><p>Mazar-i-Sharif is also known for the Afghan song <i>Bia ke berem ba Mazar</i> (<i>Come let's go to Mazar</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahim_Sarban" title="Abdul Rahim Sarban">Sarban</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mazar-i-Sharif has a <a href="/wiki/Cold_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold semi-arid climate">cold steppe climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>BSk</i>) with hot summers and cold winters. Precipitation is low and mostly falls between December and April. The climate in Mazar-i-Sharif is very hot during the summer with daily temperatures of over 40 °C (104 °F) from June to August. The winters are cold with temperatures falling below freezing; it may snow from November through March.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Mazar-i-Sharif </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8<br />(100.0) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.0<br />(109.4) </td> <td style="background: #C60000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.6<br />(114.1) </td> <td style="background: #A40000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.1<br />(118.6) </td> <td style="background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.0<br />(114.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.5<br />(103.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #A40000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48.1<br />(118.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3<br />(91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.1<br />(28.2) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.1<br />(51.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−22.3<br />(−8.1) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.0<br />(−11.2) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.1<br />(21.0) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.7<br />(16.3) </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.5<br />(4.1) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−24.0<br />(−11.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #D3FFD3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(1.14) </td> <td style="background: #C6FFC6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(1.37) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.8<br />(1.72) </td> <td style="background: #D3FFD3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(1.11) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(0.44) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.00) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(0.15) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(0.53) </td> <td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(0.85) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">186.4<br />(7.32) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">52 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B7B759; color:#000000;" class="notheme">122.2 </td> <td style="background: #BABA44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.4 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.1 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">193.8 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">299.9 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">352.9 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">364.4 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">332.7 </td> <td style="background: #F0F00F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">298.2 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">223.2 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">173.6 </td> <td style="background: #B8B850; color:#000000;" class="notheme">125.5 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,762.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA (1959–1983)<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Afghanistan" title="Demographics of Afghanistan">Demographics of Afghanistan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maulana_Jalaludin_park_in_northern_Afghanistan-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Maulana_Jalaludin_park_in_northern_Afghanistan-2.jpg/220px-Maulana_Jalaludin_park_in_northern_Afghanistan-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Maulana_Jalaludin_park_in_northern_Afghanistan-2.jpg/330px-Maulana_Jalaludin_park_in_northern_Afghanistan-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Maulana_Jalaludin_park_in_northern_Afghanistan-2.jpg/440px-Maulana_Jalaludin_park_in_northern_Afghanistan-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4240" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Locals of Mazar-i-Sharif enjoying rides at a small family <a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">amusement park</a> in 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Mazar-i-Sharif has a total population of 500,207,<sup id="cite_ref-nsia_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the fourth-largest city of Afghanistan by population.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a total land area of 8,304 Hectares with 77,615 total number of dwellings.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The November 2003 issue of <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (magazine)">National Geographic</a> magazine indicated the ethnic composition as <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a> 15%, <a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a> 12%, <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a> 53%, <a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a> 10%, and <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a> 20%.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occasional <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic violence in Afghanistan">ethnic violence</a> has been reported in the region in the last decades, mainly between Pashtuns and the other groups.<sup id="cite_ref-USAToday_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011 news reports mentioned assassinations taking place in the area but with no evidence as to who is behind them.<sup id="cite_ref-PAN-assassinations_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAN-assassinations-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dominant language in Mazar-i-Sharif is <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Persian</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Afghanistan" title="Economy of Afghanistan">Economy of Afghanistan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berezka_(5778258455).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Berezka_%285778258455%29.jpg/220px-Berezka_%285778258455%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Berezka_%285778258455%29.jpg/330px-Berezka_%285778258455%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Berezka_%285778258455%29.jpg/440px-Berezka_%285778258455%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1874" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Store in Mazar-i-Sharif with <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> name in Cyrillic</figcaption></figure> <p>Mazar-i-Sharif serves as the major trading center in northern Afghanistan. The local economy is dominated by trade, agriculture and <a href="/wiki/Karakul_sheep" title="Karakul sheep">Karakul</a> <a href="/wiki/Sheep_farming" title="Sheep farming">sheep farming</a>. Small-scale oil and gas exploitation have also boosted the city's prospects. It is also the location of consulates of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> for trading and political links.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modern city of Mazar-i Sharif is centred around the Shrine of Ali. Much restored, it is one of Afghanistan's most glorious monuments. Outside Mazar-i Sharif lies the ancient city of <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>. The city is a centre for the traditional <a href="/wiki/Buzkashi" title="Buzkashi">buzkashi</a> sport, and the <a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Ali_Mazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazrat Ali Mazar">Blue Mosque</a> is the focus of northern Afghanistan's <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> celebration. Although most Muslims believe that the real grave of <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> is found within <a href="/wiki/Imam_Ali_Shrine" title="Imam Ali Shrine">Imam Ali Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Najaf" title="Najaf">Najaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, others still come to Mazar-i-Sharif to pay respect. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C-5_Galaxy_at_Mazar-e-Sharif_Airport_in_northern_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/C-5_Galaxy_at_Mazar-e-Sharif_Airport_in_northern_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-C-5_Galaxy_at_Mazar-e-Sharif_Airport_in_northern_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/C-5_Galaxy_at_Mazar-e-Sharif_Airport_in_northern_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-C-5_Galaxy_at_Mazar-e-Sharif_Airport_in_northern_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/C-5_Galaxy_at_Mazar-e-Sharif_Airport_in_northern_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-C-5_Galaxy_at_Mazar-e-Sharif_Airport_in_northern_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3283" data-file-height="1858" /></a><figcaption>An American <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-5_Galaxy" title="Lockheed C-5 Galaxy">C-5 Galaxy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazar-i-Sharif Airport">Mazar-i-Sharif Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Mosque_in_Mazar-e-Sharif.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Blue_Mosque_in_Mazar-e-Sharif.jpg/220px-Blue_Mosque_in_Mazar-e-Sharif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Blue_Mosque_in_Mazar-e-Sharif.jpg/330px-Blue_Mosque_in_Mazar-e-Sharif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Blue_Mosque_in_Mazar-e-Sharif.jpg/440px-Blue_Mosque_in_Mazar-e-Sharif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3424" data-file-height="2164" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrine of Ali">Blue Mosque</a> is a destination for pilgrims.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palace_of_Balkh_Governor_in_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Palace_of_Balkh_Governor_in_2010.jpg/220px-Palace_of_Balkh_Governor_in_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Palace_of_Balkh_Governor_in_2010.jpg/330px-Palace_of_Balkh_Governor_in_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Palace_of_Balkh_Governor_in_2010.jpg/440px-Palace_of_Balkh_Governor_in_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Governor's Palace</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gate_of_Mazar-e_Sharif_in_July_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gate_of_Mazar-e_Sharif_in_July_2012.jpg/220px-Gate_of_Mazar-e_Sharif_in_July_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gate_of_Mazar-e_Sharif_in_July_2012.jpg/330px-Gate_of_Mazar-e_Sharif_in_July_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gate_of_Mazar-e_Sharif_in_July_2012.jpg/440px-Gate_of_Mazar-e_Sharif_in_July_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4240" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Mazar-i-Sharif Gate under construction (July 2012)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Airports</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif_International_Airport" title="Mazar-i-Sharif International Airport">Mazar-i-Sharif Airport</a> – serves the population of <a href="/wiki/Balkh_Province" title="Balkh Province">Balkh Province</a> and is also used by NATO-led forces, including the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Air_Force" title="Afghan Air Force">Afghan Air Force</a>. It is being expanded to become the <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Afghanistan" title="List of airports in Afghanistan">4th international airport in Afghanistan</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Mosques</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrine of Ali">Shrine of Ali</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Parks and monuments</b> <ul><li>Park-e-Ariana</li> <li>Maulana Jalaludin Cultural Park</li> <li>Tashkurgan Palace</li> <li>Governors Palace</li> <li>Mazar-i-Sharif Gate</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalid_Ibn-al_Walid_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalid Ibn-al Walid Park (page does not exist)">Khalid Ibn-al Walid Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><b>Universities</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkh_University" title="Balkh University">Balkh University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aria_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aria University (page does not exist)">Aria University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sadat_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadat University (page does not exist)">Sadat University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mawlana_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mawlana University (page does not exist)">Mawlana University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taj_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taj University (page does not exist)">Taj University</a></li> <li>Turkistan University</li> <li>Rah-e-Saadat University</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Professional sports teams from Mazar-i-Sharif</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Club </th> <th scope="col">League </th> <th scope="col">Sport </th> <th scope="col">Venue </th> <th scope="col">Established </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balkh_Legends&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balkh Legends (page does not exist)">Balkh Legends</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_Premier_League" title="Afghanistan Premier League">Afghanistan Premier League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharjah_Cricket_Stadium" title="Sharjah Cricket Stadium">Sharjah Cricket Stadium</a> </td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Amo_Sharks" title="Amo Sharks">Amo Sharks</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Shpageeza_Cricket_League" title="Shpageeza Cricket League">Shpageeza Cricket League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Balkh_Cricket_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkh Cricket Stadium">Balkh Cricket Stadium</a> </td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Simorgh_Alborz_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Simorgh Alborz F.C.">Simorgh Alborz F.C.</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Premier_League" title="Afghan Premier League">Afghan Premier League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balkh_Ground&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balkh Ground (page does not exist)">Balkh Ground</a> </td> <td>2012 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><b>Stadiums</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkh_Cricket_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkh Cricket Stadium">Balkh Cricket Stadium</a></li> <li>Buzkashi Stadium</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Afghanistan" title="Transport in Afghanistan">Transport in Afghanistan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rail">Rail</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hairatan_to_Mazar-e-Sharif_Railway_Project_in_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hairatan_to_Mazar-e-Sharif_Railway_Project_in_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-Hairatan_to_Mazar-e-Sharif_Railway_Project_in_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hairatan_to_Mazar-e-Sharif_Railway_Project_in_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-Hairatan_to_Mazar-e-Sharif_Railway_Project_in_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hairatan_to_Mazar-e-Sharif_Railway_Project_in_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-Hairatan_to_Mazar-e-Sharif_Railway_Project_in_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="1913" /></a><figcaption>Railway terminal</figcaption></figure> <p>It became the first city in Afghanistan to connect itself by rail with a neighboring country. <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Afghanistan" title="Rail transport in Afghanistan">Rail service</a> from Mazar-i-Sharif to <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> began in December 2011 and cargo on <a href="/wiki/Freight_rail_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Freight rail transport">freight trains</a> arrive at a station near <a href="/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazar-i-Sharif Airport">Mazar-i-Sharif Airport</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the goods are reloaded onto trucks or airplanes and sent to their last destinations across Afghanistan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Air">Air</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of June 2016 <a href="/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazar-i-Sharif Airport">Mazar-i-Sharif Airport</a> has direct air connections to <a href="/wiki/Kabul_International_Airport" title="Kabul International Airport">Kabul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mashhad_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashhad Airport">Mashad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Istanbul-Atat%C3%BCrk" class="mw-redirect" title="Istanbul-Atatürk">Istanbul</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Road">Road</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Highway <a href="/wiki/AH76" title="AH76">AH76</a> links Mazar-i-Sharif to <a href="/wiki/Sheberghan" title="Sheberghan">Sheberghan</a> in the west, and <a href="/wiki/Pul-e_Khomri" class="mw-redirect" title="Pul-e Khomri">Pul-e Khomri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> to the south-east. Roads to the east link it to <a href="/wiki/Kunduz" title="Kunduz">Kunduz</a>. Roads to the north link it to the <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbek</a> border town <a href="/wiki/Termez" title="Termez">Termez</a>, where it becomes highway M39 going north to <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a>. Roads to the south link it to <a href="/wiki/Bamiyan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamiyan Province">Bamiyan Province</a> and the mountainous range of central Afghanistan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Emir <a href="/wiki/Wazir_Akbar_Khan" title="Wazir Akbar Khan">Wazir Akbar Khan</a>, buried in the city</li> <li>Emir <a href="/wiki/Sher_Ali_Khan" title="Sher Ali Khan">Sher Ali Khan</a>, buried in the city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajab_Khan_Afridi" title="Ajab Khan Afridi">Ajab Khan Afridi</a>, freedom fighter against the British Raj</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morsal_Obeidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Morsal Obeidi">Morsal Obeidi</a> (German-Afghan murder victim) – Born in Mazar-i-Sharif,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> moved to Germany at age three,<sup id="cite_ref-Highpricep1_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Highpricep1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and lived in Mazar-i-Sharif for eight months after her parents sent her there to Islamize her.<sup id="cite_ref-Highpricep2_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Highpricep2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmay_Khalilzad" title="Zalmay Khalilzad">Zalmay Khalilzad</a> (Afghan born American diplomat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasef_Bakhtari" title="Wasef Bakhtari">Wasef Bakhtari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghan</a> poet of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> language, literary figure and intellectual, one of the first Persian poets to introduce <i><a href="/wiki/She%27r-e_Nimaa%27i" title="She'r-e Nimaa'i">she’r-e nimaa'i</a></i> ("Nimaic poetry") to Afghan-Persian literature, grew up in Mazar-i-Sharif</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ali_Mazari" title="Abdul Ali Mazari">Abdul Ali Mazari</a>, ethnic <a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazara</a> and political leader of the <a href="/wiki/Unity_Party_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Unity Party of Afghanistan">Hezb-e Wahdat</a> party, born in the village of <a href="/wiki/Charkent" class="mw-redirect" title="Charkent">Charkent</a>, south of the northern city of Mazar-i-Sharif</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mohaqiq" title="Muhammad Mohaqiq">Muhammad Mohaqiq</a>, politician in Afghanistan as a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Afghanistan)" title="National Assembly (Afghanistan)">Afghanistan Parliament</a>, founder and chairman of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Islamic_Unity_Party_of_Afghanistan" title="People's Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan">People's Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atta_Muhammad_Nur" title="Atta Muhammad Nur">Atta Muhammad Nur</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">mujahideen</a> resistance commander for the <a href="/wiki/Jamiat-e_Islami" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamiat-e Islami">Jamiat-e Islami</a> against the Soviets and also commander in the <a href="/wiki/United_Islamic_Front_for_the_Salvation_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan">United Front</a> (Northern Alliance) under <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Massoud" title="Ahmad Shah Massoud">Ahmad Shah Massoud</a> against the Taliban, also former <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Balkh" title="List of governors of Balkh">Governor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Balkh_Province" title="Balkh Province">Balkh Province</a> (2004–2018), born in Mazar-i-Sharif</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farshad_Noor" title="Farshad Noor">Farshad Noor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghan</a> professional football player who plays as a <a href="/wiki/Midfielder" title="Midfielder">midfielder</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_national_football_team" title="Afghanistan national football team">Afghanistan national football team</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dushanbe,_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dushanbe, Tajikistan">Dushanbe, Tajikistan</a> (since 1991)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mashhad,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashhad, Iran">Mashhad, Iran</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qala-i-Jangi" title="Battle of Qala-i-Jangi">Battle of Qala-i-Jangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkh_Province" title="Balkh Province">Balkh Province</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nsia-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nsia_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsia_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsia_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsia.gov.af:8080/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Estimated-Population-of-Afghanistan1-1400.pdf">"Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021–22"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204559/https://www.nsia.gov.af:8080/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Estimated-Population-of-Afghanistan1-1400.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Estimated+Population+of+Afghanistan+2021%E2%80%9322&rft.pub=National+Statistic+and+Information+Authority+%28NSIA%29&rft.date=2021-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsia.gov.af%3A8080%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F06%2FEstimated-Population-of-Afghanistan1-1400.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="UN-Habitat" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151031111658/http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015_volume2/">"The State of Afghan Cities Report 2015"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015_volume2/">the original</a> on 31 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+State+of+Afghan+Cities+Report+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funhabitat.org%2Fbooks%2Fsoac2015_volume2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoone2011" class="citation web cs1">Boone, Jon (2 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/02/afghanistan-mazar-sharif-united-nations">"Afghanistan: when gentle Mazar-e-Sharif erupted in violence"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%3A+when+gentle+Mazar-e-Sharif+erupted+in+violence&rft.date=2011-04-02&rft.aulast=Boone&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2011%2Fapr%2F02%2Fafghanistan-mazar-sharif-united-nations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130128191245/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/afghanistan/mazaresharif.html">"The heartbreak of Mazar-e-Sharif"</a>. <i>CBC</i>. January 27, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/afghanistan/mazaresharif.html">the original</a> on January 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC&rft.atitle=The+heartbreak+of+Mazar-e-Sharif&rft.date=2004-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fbackground%2Fafghanistan%2Fmazaresharif.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchellingerSalkin1996" class="citation book cs1">Schellinger, Paul; Salkin, Robert, eds. (1996). <i>International Dictionary of Historic Places, Volume 5: Asia and Oceania</i>. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. pp. 578–579. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-884964-04-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-884964-04-4"><bdi>1-884964-04-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places%2C+Volume+5%3A+Asia+and+Oceania&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=578-579&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-884964-04-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaud_Saba1998" class="citation web cs1">Daud Saba (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010415205227/http://www.afghanmagazine.com/april98/journey/balkh.html">"Balkh: The Land of Hopes"</a>. <i>www.afghanmagazine.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afghanmagazine.com/april98/journey/balkh.html">the original</a> on 15 April 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.afghanmagazine.com&rft.atitle=Balkh%3A+The+Land+of+Hopes&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Daud+Saba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afghanmagazine.com%2Fapril98%2Fjourney%2Fbalkh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:34-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:34_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoelle2012" class="citation book cs1">Noelle, Christine (2012-06-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ylTi-e2C_0IC"><i>State and Tribe in Nineteenth-Century Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan (1826–1863)</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-60317-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-60317-4"><bdi>978-1-136-60317-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+and+Tribe+in+Nineteenth-Century+Afghanistan%3A+The+Reign+of+Amir+Dost+Muhammad+Khan+%281826%E2%80%931863%29&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012-06-25&rft.isbn=978-1-136-60317-4&rft.aulast=Noelle&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DylTi-e2C_0IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:342-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:342_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoelle2012" class="citation book cs1">Noelle, Christine (2012-06-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ylTi-e2C_0IC"><i>State and Tribe in Nineteenth-Century Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan (1826–1863)</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-60317-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-60317-4"><bdi>978-1-136-60317-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+and+Tribe+in+Nineteenth-Century+Afghanistan%3A+The+Reign+of+Amir+Dost+Muhammad+Khan+%281826%E2%80%931863%29&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012-06-25&rft.isbn=978-1-136-60317-4&rft.aulast=Noelle&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DylTi-e2C_0IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:62-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:62_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1996" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Jonathan L. (1996-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYaamE_3kD4C"><i>The "Ancient Supremacy": Bukhara, Afghanistan and the Battle for Balkh, 1731-1901</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10399-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10399-3"><bdi>978-90-04-10399-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+%22Ancient+Supremacy%22%3A+Bukhara%2C+Afghanistan+and+the+Battle+for+Balkh%2C+1731-1901&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10399-3&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYaamE_3kD4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Last Warlord: The Life and Legend of Dostum, the Afghan Warrior Who Led US Special Forces to Topple the Taliban Regime</i> by Brian Glyn Williams, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQala2001" class="citation web cs1">Qala, Chris Stephen in Dashti (20 October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/21/afghanistan.terrorism2">"Fighters to repay Taliban cruelty"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from the original on 2005-02-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guardian+News&rft.atitle=Pashtuns+attacked+in+brutal+raids+by+rival+ethnic+groups&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzle.com%2Feditorials%2F4-2-2002-15812.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110510011619/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country%2C%2CIRBC%2C%2CAFG%2C%2C3ae6aab050%2C0.html">"Afghanistan: Situation in, or around, Aqcha (Jawzjan province) including predominant tribal/ethnic group and who is currently in control"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Refugee_Board_of_Canada" title="Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada">Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada</a>/<a href="/wiki/UNHCR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNHCR">UNHCR</a>. February 1, 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,IRBC,,AFG,,3ae6aab050,0.html">the original</a> on May 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%3A+Situation+in%2C+or+around%2C+Aqcha+%28Jawzjan+province%29+including+predominant+tribal%2Fethnic+group+and+who+is+currently+in+control&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Fcountry%2C%2CIRBC%2C%2CAFG%2C%2C3ae6aab050%2C0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mofa.gov.pk/mazar-e-sharif-afghanistan-consular-affairs/">"Mazar-e-Sharif Consular Affairs – Ministry of Foreign Affairs"</a>. <i>Ministry of Foreign Affairs Government of Pakistan</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+Government+of+Pakistan&rft.atitle=Mazar-e-Sharif+Consular+Affairs+%E2%80%93+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmofa.gov.pk%2Fmazar-e-sharif-afghanistan-consular-affairs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eoi.gov.in/kabul/?0350?000">"Consulates: Mazar-e-Sharif"</a>. <i>Embassies of India</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Embassies+of+India&rft.atitle=Consulates%3A+Mazar-e-Sharif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feoi.gov.in%2Fkabul%2F%3F0350%3F000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202173921/http://rasaana.com/archives/1392/15/1231">"پارک تفریحی شهرک خالد ابن رسانه"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rasaana.com/archives/1392/15/1231">the original</a> on 2014-02-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9+%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C+%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DA%A9+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frasaana.com%2Farchives%2F1392%2F15%2F1231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16287929">"Afghan railway: First train runs on new line in north"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. December 21, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Afghan+railway%3A+First+train+runs+on+new+line+in+north&rft.date=2011-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-16287929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHencke,_Gerrit2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hencke, Gerrit (2018-05-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shz.de/regionales/hamburg/hamburg-vor-zehn-jahren-starb-morsal-obeidi-id19848571.html">"Hamburg: Vor zehn Jahren starb Morsal Obeidi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holsteinischer_Zeitungsverlag" title="Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag">Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag</a></i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-30</span></span>. <q>Morsal Obeidi wurde am 7. September 1991 in Masar-e Scharif[...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Schleswig-Holsteinischer+Zeitungsverlag&rft.atitle=Hamburg%3A+Vor+zehn+Jahren+starb+Morsal+Obeidi&rft.date=2018-05-15&rft.au=Hencke%2C+Gerrit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shz.de%2Fregionales%2Fhamburg%2Fhamburg-vor-zehn-jahren-starb-morsal-obeidi-id19848571.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Highpricep1-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Highpricep1_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutsch,_Jochen-MartinPer_HinrichsSusanne_KoelblGunther_Latsch2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jochen-Martin_Gutsch" class="extiw" title="de:Jochen-Martin Gutsch">Gutsch, Jochen-Martin</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span>; Per Hinrichs; Susanne Koelbl; Gunther Latsch; Sven Röbel; Andreas Ulrich (2008-05-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/the-high-price-of-freedom-honor-killing-victim-wanted-to-live-like-other-german-girls-a-555667.html">"The High Price of Freedom"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i>. Translated by Christopher Sultan. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/the-high-price-of-freedom-honor-killing-victim-wanted-to-live-like-other-german-girls-a-555667.html">1</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=The+High+Price+of+Freedom&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2008-05-27&rft.au=Gutsch%2C+Jochen-Martin&rft.au=Per+Hinrichs&rft.au=Susanne+Koelbl&rft.au=Gunther+Latsch&rft.au=Sven+R%C3%B6bel&rft.au=Andreas+Ulrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2Fthe-high-price-of-freedom-honor-killing-victim-wanted-to-live-like-other-german-girls-a-555667.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span> – Original German version: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutschHinrichsKoelblLatsch2008" class="citation news cs1">Gutsch, Jochen-Martin; Hinrichs, Per; Koelbl, Susanne; Latsch, Gunther; Röbel, Sven; Ulrich, Andreas (25 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-57119339.html">"Eigentum des Mannes"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Eigentum+des+Mannes&rft.date=2008-05-25&rft.aulast=Gutsch&rft.aufirst=Jochen-Martin&rft.au=Hinrichs%2C+Per&rft.au=Koelbl%2C+Susanne&rft.au=Latsch%2C+Gunther&rft.au=R%C3%B6bel%2C+Sven&rft.au=Ulrich%2C+Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fspiegel%2Fprint%2Fd-57119339.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://magazin.spiegel.de/EpubDelivery/spiegel/pdf/57119339">PDF page</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Highpricep2-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Highpricep2_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutsch,_Jochen-MartinPer_HinrichsSusanne_KoelblGunther_Latsch2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jochen-Martin_Gutsch" class="extiw" title="de:Jochen-Martin Gutsch">Gutsch, Jochen-Martin</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span>; Per Hinrichs; Susanne Koelbl; Gunther Latsch; Sven Röbel; Andreas Ulrich (2008-05-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/the-high-price-of-freedom-honor-killing-victim-wanted-to-live-like-other-german-girls-a-555667.html">"The High Price of Freedom"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i>. Translated by Christopher Sultan. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/the-high-price-of-freedom-honor-killing-victim-wanted-to-live-like-other-german-girls-a-555667-2.html">2</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=The+High+Price+of+Freedom&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2008-05-27&rft.au=Gutsch%2C+Jochen-Martin&rft.au=Per+Hinrichs&rft.au=Susanne+Koelbl&rft.au=Gunther+Latsch&rft.au=Sven+R%C3%B6bel&rft.au=Andreas+Ulrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2Fthe-high-price-of-freedom-honor-killing-victim-wanted-to-live-like-other-german-girls-a-555667.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span> – Original German version: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutschHinrichsKoelblLatsch2008" class="citation news cs1">Gutsch, Jochen-Martin; Hinrichs, Per; Koelbl, Susanne; Latsch, Gunther; Röbel, Sven; Ulrich, Andreas (25 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-57119339.html">"Eigentum des Mannes"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Eigentum+des+Mannes&rft.date=2008-05-25&rft.aulast=Gutsch&rft.aufirst=Jochen-Martin&rft.au=Hinrichs%2C+Per&rft.au=Koelbl%2C+Susanne&rft.au=Latsch%2C+Gunther&rft.au=R%C3%B6bel%2C+Sven&rft.au=Ulrich%2C+Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fspiegel%2Fprint%2Fd-57119339.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://magazin.spiegel.de/EpubDelivery/spiegel/pdf/57119339">PDF page</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pantheon.hrw.org/legacy/reports98/afghan/index.htm#TopOfPage">'The Massacre in Mazar-i Sharif'</a>. Report of <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, November 1998, Vol. 10, No. 7 (C). Retrieved 18 November 2017.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mazar-i-Sharif"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mazar-i-Sharif">"Mazar-i-Sharif" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 941.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mazar-i-Sharif&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=941&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://watanchat.com/noble-shrine/">Noble Shrine or MAZAR-I-SHARIF a pilgrimage city in Afghanistan</a></li> <li>Dupree, Nancy Hatch (1977): <i>An Historical Guide to Afghanistan</i>. 1st Edition: 1970. 2nd Edition. Revised and Enlarged. Afghan Tourist Organization.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazar-i-Sharif&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mazar-e-Sharif" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mazar-e-Sharif">Mazar-e-Sharif</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Mazar-e_Sharif#Q130469" class="extiw" title="voy:Mazar-e Sharif">Mazar-e Sharif</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130615060946/http://www.islamicarchitecturedatabase.org/ircica/index2.php?page=Country&id=1">"Mezar-i Sharif"</a>. <i>Islamic Cultural Heritage Database</i>. Istanbul: Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamicarchitecturedatabase.org/ircica/index2.php?page=Country&id=1">the original</a> on June 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Islamic+Cultural+Heritage+Database&rft.atitle=Mezar-i+Sharif&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamicarchitecturedatabase.org%2Fircica%2Findex2.php%3Fpage%3DCountry%26id%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazar-i-Sharif" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Balkh_Province" title="Template:Balkh Province"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Balkh_Province" title="Template talk:Balkh Province"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Balkh_Province" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Balkh Province"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Balkh_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Balkh_Province" title="Balkh Province">Balkh Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Afghanistan" title="Districts of Afghanistan">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkh_District" title="Balkh District">Balkh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charbolak_District" title="Charbolak District">Charbolak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charkint_District" title="Charkint District">Charkint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimtal_District" title="Chimtal District">Chimtal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawlatabad_District" title="Dawlatabad District">Dawlatabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihdadi_District" title="Dihdadi District">Dihdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaldar_District" title="Kaldar District">Kaldar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khulm_District" title="Khulm District">Khulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishindih_District" title="Kishindih District">Kishindih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmul_District" title="Marmul District">Marmul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazar-e_Sharif_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazar-e Sharif District">Mazar-e Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahri_Shahi_District" title="Nahri Shahi District">Nahri Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sholgara_District" title="Sholgara District">Sholgara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortepa_District" title="Shortepa District">Shortepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zari_District" title="Zari District">Zari</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkh_in_Afghanistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Balkh_in_Afghanistan.svg/100px-Balkh_in_Afghanistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Balkh_in_Afghanistan.svg/150px-Balkh_in_Afghanistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Balkh_in_Afghanistan.svg/200px-Balkh_in_Afghanistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1807" data-file-height="1331" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkh_River" title="Balkh River">Balkh River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khulm_River" title="Khulm River">Khulm River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koh_e_Alburz_(Balkh)" title="Koh e Alburz (Balkh)">Koh e Alburz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumargah" title="Kumargah">Kumargah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkh_University" title="Balkh University">Balkh University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble Shrine">Noble Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Marmal" title="Camp Marmal">Camp Marmal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Mosque,_Balkh" title="Green Mosque, Balkh">Green Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazar-e_Sharif_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazar-e Sharif International Airport">Mazar-e Sharif International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazar_Hotel" title="Mazar Hotel">Mazar Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qala-i-Jangi" title="Qala-i-Jangi">Qala-i-Jangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simorgh_Alborz_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Simorgh Alborz F.C.">Simorgh Alborz F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadian_Minaret" title="Zadian Minaret">Zadian Minaret</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eighteen_largest_cities_in_Afghanistan_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AfghanistanLargestCities" title="Template:AfghanistanLargestCities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AfghanistanLargestCities" title="Template talk:AfghanistanLargestCities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AfghanistanLargestCities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AfghanistanLargestCities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eighteen_largest_cities_in_Afghanistan_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Eighteen largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Afghanistan" title="List of cities in Afghanistan">cities in Afghanistan</a> by population</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mazar-i-Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz" title="Kunduz">Kunduz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalalabad" title="Jalalabad">Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taloqan" title="Taloqan">Taloqan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puli_Khumri" title="Puli Khumri">Puli Khumri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charikar" title="Charikar">Charikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashkargah" title="Lashkargah">Lashkargah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheberghan" title="Sheberghan">Sheberghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghazni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khost" title="Khost">Khost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sar-e_Pol,_Afghanistan" title="Sar-e Pol, Afghanistan">Sar-e Pol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaghcharan" title="Chaghcharan">Chaghcharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihtarlam" title="Mihtarlam">Mihtarlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farah,_Afghanistan" title="Farah, Afghanistan">Farah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puli_Alam" title="Puli Alam">Puli Alam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130469#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130469#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130469#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/157097299">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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