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id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Začiatok</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Charakteristika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charakteristika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Charakteristika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charakteristika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Systematika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systematika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Systematika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Systematika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Systematika</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Systematika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Súčasný_systém" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Súčasný_systém"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Súčasný systém</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Súčasný_systém-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orthozoa_a_Centroneuralia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthozoa_a_Centroneuralia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Orthozoa a Centroneuralia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthozoa_a_Centroneuralia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tradičné_systémy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tradičné_systémy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Tradičné systémy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tradičné_systémy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rozdiely_medzi_prvoústovcami_a_druhoústovcami_[1]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rozdiely_medzi_prvoústovcami_a_druhoústovcami_[1]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rozdiely medzi prvoústovcami a druhoústovcami <sup><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rozdiely_medzi_prvoústovcami_a_druhoústovcami_[1]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vývoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vývoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vývoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vývoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zdroje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zdroje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zdroje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zdroje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prepnúť obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prepnúť obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dvojstranovce</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prejsť na článok v inom jazyku. Je dostupný v 68 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – afrikánčina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – nemčina (švajčiarska)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemčina (švajčiarska)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%B1" title="ثنائيات التناظر – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثنائيات التناظر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بايلاتيريا – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بايلاتيريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – astúrčina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúrčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kit%C9%99r%C9%99flisimmetriyal%C4%B1lar" title="İkitərəflisimmetriyalılar – azerbajdžančina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İkitərəflisimmetriyalılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – baškirčina" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Двухбакова-сіметрычныя – bieloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Двухбакова-сіметрычныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Білятэральныя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Білятэральныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Двустранно симетрични – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Двустранно симетрични" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="দ্বিপার্শ্বপ্রতিসম প্রাণী – bengálčina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্বিপার্শ্বপ্রতিসম প্রাণী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateralia" title="Bilateralia – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bilateralia" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilaterals" title="Bilaterals – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bilaterals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دوولایان – kurdčina (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دوولایان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdčina (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvoustrann%C4%9B_soum%C4%9Brn%C3%AD" title="Dvoustranně souměrní – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dvoustranně souměrní" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – dánčina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Αμφίπλευρα – gréčtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμφίπλευρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gréčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duflankulo" title="Duflankulo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Duflankulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahek%C3%BClgsed" title="Kahekülgsed – estónčina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kahekülgsed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دوسوئیان – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوسوئیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaksikylkiset" title="Kaksikylkiset – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaksikylkiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twiisidjeten" title="Twiisidjeten – severná frízština" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Twiisidjeten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="severná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twasidigen" title="Twasidigen – západná frízština" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Twasidigen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="západná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateral_(zoolox%C3%ADa)" title="Bilateral (zooloxía) – galícijčina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bilateral (zooloxía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galícijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="בילטריה – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בילטריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बाइलेटेरिया – hindčina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बाइलेटेरिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateralne_%C5%BEivotinje" title="Bilateralne životinje – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bilateralne životinje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9toldali_szimmetri%C3%A1j%C3%BA_%C3%A1llatok" title="Kétoldali szimmetriájú állatok – maďarčina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kétoldali szimmetriájú állatok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – ilokánčina" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tv%C3%ADhli%C3%B0a_d%C3%BDr" title="Tvíhliða dýr – islandčina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tvíhliða dýr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E5%8F%B3%E7%9B%B8%E7%A7%B0%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="左右相称動物 – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="左右相称動物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisendisin" title="Tisendisin – kabylčina" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tisendisin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A2%8C%EC%9A%B0%EB%8C%80%EC%B9%AD%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="좌우대칭동물 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="좌우대칭동물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – latinčina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – limburčina" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilater%C4%81%C4%BCi" title="Bilaterāļi – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bilaterāļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Двострани животни – macedónčina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Двострани животни" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – malajčina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweesiedendeerter" title="Tweesiedendeerter – dolná nemčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tweesiedendeerter" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolná nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – nórčina (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nórčina (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilaterier" title="Bilaterier – nórčina (bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bilaterier" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="nórčina (bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bik%CA%BCiiz_Naaki%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Bikʼiiz Naakiígíí – navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bikʼiiz Naakiígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – okcitánčina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwierz%C4%99ta_dwubocznie_symetryczne" title="Zwierzęta dwubocznie symetryczne – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zwierzęta dwubocznie symetryczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Двусторонне-симметричные – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Двусторонне-симметричные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – škótčina" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škótčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – srbčina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tv%C3%A5sidiga_djur" title="Tvåsidiga djur – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tvåsidiga djur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ไบลาทีเรีย – thajčina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไบลาทีเรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – tagalčina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Двобічно-симетричні – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Двобічно-симетричні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_x%E1%BB%A9ng_hai_b%C3%AAn" title="Động vật đối xứng hai bên – vietnamčina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động vật đối xứng hai bên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bilateria" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E4%BE%A7%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="两侧对称动物 – čínština (wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="两侧对称动物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E4%BE%A7%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="两侧对称动物 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="两侧对称动物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E5%81%B4%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="兩側對稱動物 – kantončina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="兩側對稱動物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5173#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Upraviť medzijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upraviť odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Menné priestory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dvojstranovce" title="Zobraziť obsah stránky [c]" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">z Wikipédie, slobodnej encyklopédie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sk" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellspacing="3" align="right" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.5em; width: 250px; padding: 0.05em;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #CCCC99; padding: 5px; font-size: 140%;">Dvojstranovce</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Liocarcinus_vernalis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Liocarcinus_vernalis.jpg/250px-Liocarcinus_vernalis.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Liocarcinus_vernalis.jpg/375px-Liocarcinus_vernalis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Liocarcinus_vernalis.jpg/500px-Liocarcinus_vernalis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span> <br /> <span style="">Bilaterálne symetrické telo <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liocarcinus_vernalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liocarcinus vernalis (stránka neexistuje)">Liocarcinus vernalis</a></i>.</span></td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#CCCC99; padding: 0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Vedeck%C3%A1_klasifik%C3%A1cia" title="Vedecká klasifikácia">Vedecká klasifikácia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div class="NavFrame" style="border:none;padding:0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%; background:transparent;" align="left"> </div> <ul class="NavContent" style="display:none; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left; font-size:105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div> <table width="100%" style="text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50%"><b>Doména</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryoty" title="Eukaryoty">eukaryoty</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ríša <small>(regnum)</small></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8D%C3%ADchy" title="Živočíchy">živočíchy</a> <small>(Animalia)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Vývojový stupeň</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Epitelovce" title="Epitelovce">epitelovce</a> <small>(Eumetazoa)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Skupina</b></td> <td>dvojstranovce <small>(Bilateralia)</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#CCCC99; padding: 0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Binomick%C3%A9_meno" title="Binomické meno">Vedecký názov</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><i>Bilateralia</i><br /><small>Hatschek</small><small>, 1888</small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#E9E9C8; padding: 0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Synonymum" title="Synonymum">Synonymá</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><i>Bilateria</i>, <i>Triblastica</i>, <i>Triploblastica</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color: #CCCC99; text-align: center; padding: 0.3em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Vedeck%C3%A1_klasifik%C3%A1cia" title="Vedecká klasifikácia">Vedecká klasifikácia</a> prevažne podľa <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A9m_%C5%BEiv%C3%BDch_organizmov#Živočíchy" title="Systém živých organizmov">tohto článku</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" title="Portál, ktorého súčasťou je táto stránka" style="text-align:center; border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><div style="border: solid #aaa 1px; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 0ex 1ex; display:inline-table; padding: 0ex 0.05ex; border-style:none; background:transparent;" title="Portál, ktorého súčasťou je táto stránka"> <table style="margin: 0; padding: 0ex"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;margin: 0;border:none;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border:none;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Biol%C3%B3gia" title="Biologický portál"><img alt="Biologický portál" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Polyploidization.svg/18px-Polyploidization.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Polyploidization.svg/27px-Polyploidization.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Polyploidization.svg/36px-Polyploidization.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Biol%C3%B3gia" title="Portál:Biológia">Biologický portál</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Dvojstranovce</b><sup id="cite_ref-F_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (iné názvy: <b>dvojstranne súmerné živočíchy</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, staršie <b>dvojsúmerníky</b>, neformálne <b>bilaterálie</b><sup id="cite_ref-F_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; lat. <i>Bilateralia</i>, <i>Bilateria</i>) alebo <b>trojlistovce</b> (lat. <i>Triblastica</i>, <i>Triploblastica</i>) sú veľký taxón (často hodnotený ako skupina či pododdelenie) <a href="/wiki/Epitelovce" title="Epitelovce">epitelovcov</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charakteristika">Charakteristika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Upraviť sekciu: Charakteristika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Charakteristika"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dvojstranovce majú bilaterálne symetrické telo s diferencovanou <a href="/wiki/Hlava" class="mw-disambig" title="Hlava">hlavou</a> (čiastočná asymetria tela alebo redukcia hlavy sú sekundárne, dosť zriedkavé javy). Vznik hlavy v procese cefalizácie sa považuje za dôsledok adaptácie na plazivý pohyb po podklade smerom dopredu. Pri tomto pohybe predná časť tela ako prvá prichádzala do kontaktu s meniacimi sa podmienkami prostredia a získavala tak osobitné postavenie v organizme. Hlava sa postupne diferencuje na dominantnú časť tela: stáva sa z nej nervovo-senzorické a navyše i trofické centrum organizmu – miesto prijímania potravy.<sup id="cite_ref-F_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematika">Systematika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Upraviť sekciu: Systematika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Systematika"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Súčasný_systém"><span id="S.C3.BA.C4.8Dasn.C3.BD_syst.C3.A9m"></span>Súčasný systém</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Upraviť sekciu: Súčasný systém" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Súčasný systém"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>dvojstranovce/trojlistovce (Bilateralia/Bilateria/Triblastica/Triploblastica): </p> <ul><li>?†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Urbilateralia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urbilateralia (stránka neexistuje)">Urbilateralia</a> - hypotetický taxón</li> <li>incertae sedis: <ul><li>?rod †<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vernanimalcula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vernanimalcula (stránka neexistuje)">Vernanimalcula</a></i></li> <li><i>časť tzv. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ediakarsk%C3%A1_fauna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ediakarská fauna (stránka neexistuje)">ediakarskej fauny</a>, a to konkrétne:</i> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>rod †<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikaria (stránka neexistuje)">Ikaria</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - tento rod sa alternatívne zaraďuje mimo dvojstranovcov</li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Proarticulata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proarticulata (stránka neexistuje)">Proarticulata</a> <ul><li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dickinsoniomorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dickinsoniomorpha (stránka neexistuje)">Dickinsoniomorpha</a> - tento taxón sa často zaraďuje mimo dvojstranovcov; patrí sem napr. rod <i><a href="/wiki/Dickinsonia" title="Dickinsonia">Dickinsonia</a></i></li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilateralomorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilateralomorpha (stránka neexistuje)">Bilateralomorpha</a> v širšom zmysle: <ul><li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilateralomorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilateralomorpha (stránka neexistuje)">Bilateralomorpha</a> v užšom zmysle - patrí sem napr. rod <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parvancorina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parvancorina (stránka neexistuje)">Parvancorina</a></i></li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimberellomorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimberellomorpha (stránka neexistuje)">Kimberellomorpha</a> - tento taxón sa alternatívne zaraďuje do prvoústovcov či mimo dvojstranovcov; patrí sem napr. rod <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimberella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimberella (stránka neexistuje)">Kimberella</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>čeľaď †<a href="/w/index.php?title=Siphusauctidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siphusauctidae (stránka neexistuje)">Siphusauctidae</a> - táto čeľaď sa alternatívne zaraďuje mimo dvojstranovcov<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinomischida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinomischida (stránka neexistuje)">Dinomischida</a> - patrí sem len rod <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinomischus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinomischus (stránka neexistuje)">Dinomischus</a></i></li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambroclavida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambroclavida (stránka neexistuje)">Cambroclavida</a> - patrí sem napr. rod <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambroclavus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambroclavus (stránka neexistuje)">Cambroclavus</a></i></li> <li>rod †<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tullimonstrum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tullimonstrum (stránka neexistuje)">Tullimonstrum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>? <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenacoelomorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenacoelomorpha (stránka neexistuje)">Xenacoelomorpha</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bez%C4%8Drevovce" title="Bezčrevovce">bezčrevovce</a> v širšom zmysle (Acoelomorpha v širšom zmysle) - tento taxón sa alternatívne zaraďuje do druhoústovcov ako sesterská skupina taxónu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambulacraria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambulacraria (stránka neexistuje)">Ambulacraria</a> (ktorý pozostáva z vnútrožiabrovcov a ostnatokožcov), pričom taxón Ambulacraria+Xenacoelomorpha sa volá <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenambulacraria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenambulacraria (stránka neexistuje)">Xenambulacraria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bez%C4%8Drevovce" title="Bezčrevovce">bezčrevovce</a> v užšom zmysle/<a href="/wiki/Ac%C3%A9lom%C3%A1ty" title="Acélomáty">acélomáty</a> v novšom ponímaní (Acoelomorpha v užšom zmysle/Acoelomata v novšom ponímaní <small>[O acélomátoch v staršom ponímaní pozri nižšie]</small>) - tento taxón sa v 20. storočí považoval za súčasť <a href="/wiki/Ploskavce" title="Ploskavce">ploskavcov</a> (Plathelminthes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenoturbely" title="Xenoturbely">xenoturbely</a> (Xenoturbellida) - tento taxón sa pred rokom 2011 často zaraďoval do druhoústovcov alebo do prvoústovcov alebo ako bazálny taxón mnohobunkových živočíchov</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nephrozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nephrozoa (stránka neexistuje)">Nephrozoa</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eubilateria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eubilateria (stránka neexistuje)">Eubilateria</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eutriplobastica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eutriplobastica (stránka neexistuje)">Eutriplobastica</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prvo%C3%BAstovce" title="Prvoústovce">prvoústovce</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bru%C5%A1nonervovce" class="mw-redirect" title="Brušnonervovce">brušnonervovce</a> (Protostomia/Gastroneuralia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druho%C3%BAstovce" title="Druhoústovce">druhoústovce</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chrbtonervovce" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrbtonervovce">chrbtonervovce</a> (Deuterostomia/Notoneuralia)</li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Morulovce" title="Morulovce">Morulovce</a> (Mesozoa) sú dnes ako celok zahrnuté v prvoústovcoch ako incertae sedis. Na začiatku 21. storočia sa niekedy jedna časť morulovcov zaraďovala podobne ako dnes, ale druhá časť morulovcov sa považovala za súčasť obrúčkavcov. Okolo roku 2000 sa morulovce ako celok uvádzali ako samostatná vývojová vetva dvojstranovcov a v 20. storočí sa uvádzali ako naprimitívnejšie oddelenie mnohobunkových živočíchov (Metazoa). </p><p>Pokiaľ ide o taxonomické úrovne najdôležitejších z vyššie uvedených taxónov: </p> <dl><dd>-Tirjaková 2015 a Pančík 2008 označujú dvojstranovce ako skupinu, a prvoústovce a druhoústovce (a bezčrevovce) ako vývojové vetvy;</dd> <dd>-Krumpál et al. 2019 označuje dvojstranovce ako pododdelenie, a prvoústovce a druhoústovce ako vývojové vetvy (a bezčrevovce označuje buď ako kmeň alebo ako vývojovú vetvu);</dd> <dd>-V. Franc 2005 označuje dvojstranovce ako pododdelenie, a prvoústovce a druhoústovce (a bezčrevovce) ako infraoddelenia;</dd> <dd>-Ruggiero et al. 2015 označujú dvojstranovce ako podríšu, a prvoústovce a druhoústovce ako infraríše (Bezčrevovce má vedené v rámci kmeňa Xenacoelomorpha zaradeného do druhoústovcov).</dd></dl> <p><small>Zdroje tejto kapitoly (pokiaľ vyššie nie je uvedené inak):<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rosenthal_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenthal-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Orthozoa_a_Centroneuralia">Orthozoa a Centroneuralia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Upraviť sekciu: Orthozoa a Centroneuralia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Orthozoa a Centroneuralia"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Podľa novších prác je pravdepodobné, že sa prvoústovce vyvinuli z druhoústovcov, a že teda druhoústovce sú parafyletický taxón; konkrétne môžu byť prvoústovce sesterským taxónom buď taxónu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenambulacraria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenambulacraria (stránka neexistuje)">Xenambulacraria</a> (prípadne len <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambulacraria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambulacraria (stránka neexistuje)">Ambulacraria</a>) alebo taxónu <a href="/wiki/Chord%C3%A1ty" title="Chordáty">chordáty</a>. V takom prípade (a za predpokladu, že taxón Xenacoelomorpha patrí do druhoústovcov) sa už dvojstranovce v čisto fylogenetických systémoch nedelia, tak ako vyššie, na prvoústovce a druhoústovce, ale sa delia: </p> <ul><li>buď na <a href="/wiki/Chord%C3%A1ty" title="Chordáty">chordáty</a> a <a href="/wiki/Orthozoa" class="mw-disambig" title="Orthozoa">Orthozoa</a> (pričom Orthozoa = <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenambulacraria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenambulacraria (stránka neexistuje)">Xenambulacraria</a> + <a href="/wiki/Prvo%C3%BAstovce" title="Prvoústovce">prvoústovce</a>),</li> <li>alebo na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xeambulacraria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xeambulacraria (stránka neexistuje)">Xeambulacraria</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centroneuralia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centroneuralia (stránka neexistuje)">Centroneuralia</a> (pričom Centroneuralia = <a href="/wiki/Chord%C3%A1ty" title="Chordáty">chordáty</a> + <a href="/wiki/Prvo%C3%BAstovce" title="Prvoústovce">prvoústovce</a>).</li></ul> <p>Vysvetlenie a zdroje k tejto záležitosti pozri v článku <a href="/wiki/Druho%C3%BAstovce" title="Druhoústovce">druhoústovce</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tradičné_systémy"><span id="Tradi.C4.8Dn.C3.A9_syst.C3.A9my"></span>Tradičné systémy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Upraviť sekciu: Tradičné systémy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Tradičné systémy"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V minulosti existovali dva typy základného delenia dvojstranovcov: </p><p>Jedno delenie bolo delenie dvojstranovcov na: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ac%C3%A9lom%C3%A1ty" title="Acélomáty">acélomáty</a> (Acoelomata/Schizocoelia) v staršom ponímaní</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoc%C3%A9lom%C3%A1ty" title="Pseudocélomáty">pseudocélomáty</a> (Psedocoelomata/Pseudocoelia) (tieto sa alternatívne klasifikovali ako súčasť acélomátov v staršom ponímaní)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Druhotnodutinovce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Druhotnodutinovce (stránka neexistuje)">druhotnodutinovce</a> (Coelomata) v širšom zmysle. <sup id="cite_ref-Rosenthal_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenthal-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Druhé delenie bolo, podobne ako v súčasnosti, delenie na prvoústovce a druhoústovce, pričom iba prvoústovce sa potom niekedy (ale zďaleka nie vždy) ďalej delili na acélomáty v staršom ponímaní, pseudocélomáty (alternatívne klasifikované ako súčasť acélomátov v staršom ponímaní) a druhotnodutinovce v užšom zmysle (druhotnodutinovce v užšom zmysle sú druhotnodutinovce v širšom zmysle bez druhoústovcov) .<sup id="cite_ref-F_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Podrobnejšiu verziu tohto typu systémov pozri v článku <a href="/wiki/Prvo%C3%BAstovce" title="Prvoústovce">prvoústovce</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rozdiely_medzi_prvoústovcami_a_druhoústovcami_[1]"><span id="Rozdiely_medzi_prvo.C3.BAstovcami_a_druho.C3.BAstovcami_.5B1.5D"></span>Rozdiely medzi prvoústovcami a druhoústovcami <sup id="cite_ref-F_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Upraviť sekciu: Rozdiely medzi prvoústovcami a druhoústovcami [1]" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Rozdiely medzi prvoústovcami a druhoústovcami [1]"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vyššie spomínané delenie na prvoústovce a druhoústovce býva charakterizované „historickou“, mierne schématizujúcou definíciou: kým ústa u prvoústovcov v procese gastrulácie zodpovedajú gastroporu, u druhoústovcov vzniká z gastroporu anus a ústa sa otvárajú sekundárne na opačnom póle gastruly. Táto definícia však neplatí absolútne. V procese gastrulácie prvoústovcov existujú aj isté obmeny alebo výnimky: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blastoporus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blastoporus (stránka neexistuje)">blastoporus</a> z väčšej časti v strede zarastá a z okrajových otvorov vznikajú ústa i anus (<a href="/wiki/Onychophora" class="mw-redirect" title="Onychophora">Onychophora</a>, časť <a href="/wiki/Annelida" class="mw-redirect" title="Annelida">Annelida</a> a <a href="/wiki/Chelicerata" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelicerata">Chelicerata</a>);</li> <li>blastoporus môže úplne zarásť a oba otvory – ústa aj anus vznikajú sekundárne (vyššie <a href="/wiki/Crustacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Crustacea">Crustacea</a>, niektoré <a href="/wiki/Prosobranchia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prosobranchia">Prosobranchia</a>);</li> <li>niekedy zo zadnej časti blastoporu vzniká anus a ústa sa otvárajú sekundárne (niektoré druhy z rodu <i>Eunice</i>, <i>Viviparus</i>).</li></ul> <p>Aj keď prvotnosť (druhotnosť) ústneho otvoru vo veľkej väčšine prípadov skutočne zodpovedá spomínanej definícii ("Kým ústa u prvoústovcov v procese gastrulácie zodpovedajú gastroporu, u druhoústovcov vzniká z gastroporu anus a ústa sa otvárajú sekundárne na opaInom póle gastruly"), kvôli uvedeným výnimkám je potrebné prvoústovce a druhoústovce dodefinovať ďalšími znakmi uvedenými v nasledujúcej tabuľke: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Porovnanie vývojových vetiev prvoústovcov a druhoústovcov </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>-</th> <th>prvoústovce (<i>Protostomia</i>)</th> <th>druhoústovce (<i>Deuterostomia</i>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Hlavné nervové povrazce sú orientované na:</td> <td>brušnú stranu (preto v starších systémoch „Gastroneuralia“)</td> <td>chrbtovú stranu (preto v starších systémoch „Notoneuralia“) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tráviaca sústava je z väčšej časti:</td> <td>ektodermálneho pôvodu, len vlastný žalúdok je endodermálny</td> <td>endodermálneho pôvodu, len cavum oris a rectum sú ektodermálne </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dýchacie orgány sú:</td> <td>pľúcny vak, pľúcne vačky, trachey a (tracheálne) žiabre ektodermálneho pôvodu</td> <td>pľúca alebo žiabre endodermálneho pôvodu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opornú, spevňovaciu (príp. ochrannú) funkciu plní:</td> <td>ektoskelet či schránka ektodermálneho pôvodu, príp. kožnosvalový vak „červov“</td> <td>mezodermálny endoskelet, no niekedy i ektoskelet (dermálne kosti, panciere + Echinodermata) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pokožka/koža:</td> <td>je z 1 vrstvy buniek</td> <td>je viacvrstvový útvar </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vajíčko je:</td> <td>± mozaikové s determinovaným špirálovým až bilaterálnym brázdením</td> <td>regulačné s nedeterminovaným (radiálnym až súmerným) brázdením </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vývoj"><span id="V.C3.BDvoj"></span>Vývoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Upraviť sekciu: Vývoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Vývoj"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Podľa niektorých názorov je najstarším nájdeným dvojstranovcom druh <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikaria_wariootia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikaria wariootia (stránka neexistuje)">Ikaria wariootia</a></i> pochádzajúci z obdobia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ediakar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ediakar (stránka neexistuje)">ediakar</a>, pred 555 miliónmi rokov. Ide o červa dlhého 2 až 7 mm, ktorý sa našiel v roku 2020 v Austrálii.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zdroje">Zdroje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zdroje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zdroje"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-F-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-F_1-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-F_1-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-F_1-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-F_1-3"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-F_1-4"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">e</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">PaedDr. Valerián Franc CSc.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070410070650/http://www.fpv.umb.sk/kat/kb/text/knihy/Skripta/Scr.pdf">Systém a fylogenéza živočíchov – bezchordáty</a> – zdroj, z ktorého (pôvodne) úplne alebo čiastočne čerpal tento článok. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">dvojstranné súmerné živočíchy. In:  <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Beliana" title="Encyclopaedia Beliana">Encyclopaedia Beliana</a></i>. 1. vyd. Bratislava : <a href="/wiki/Encyklopedick%C3%BD_%C3%BAstav_Slovenskej_akad%C3%A9mie_vied" title="Encyklopedický ústav Slovenskej akadémie vied">Encyklopedický ústav SAV</a>; <a href="/wiki/VEDA,_vydavate%C4%BEstvo_Slovenskej_akad%C3%A9mie_vied" title="VEDA, vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied">Veda</a>, 2003. 702 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/80-224-0761-5" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/80-224-0761-5">ISBN <span class="ISBN">80-224-0761-5</span></a></span>. Zväzok 3. (Č – Eg), s. 630. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Runnegar, B. (2022). Following the logic behind biological interpretations of the Ediacaran biotas. 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Paleontological Journal. 53. 14-21. 10.1134/S0031030119050046.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>The Ediacaran (Vendian) - 4</i> [online]. palaeos.com, [cit. 2023-02-06]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palaeos.com/proterozoic/neoproterozoic/ediacaran/ediacaran4.html#Taxonomy">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D. H. Erwin, M. Laflamme, S. M. Tweedt, E. A. Sperling, D. Pisani and K. J. Peterson. 2011. The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals. Science 334(6059):1091-1097</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mikhail A. Fedonkin "The origin of the Metazoa in the light of the Proterozoic fossil record," Paleontological Research, 7(1), 9-41, (31 March 2003)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Isaeva VV, Kasyanov NV. Symmetry Transformations in Metazoan Evolution and Development. Symmetry. 2021; 13(2):160. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13020160">https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13020160</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, F.S., Liu, A.G. and Donoghue, P.C.J. (2018), Ediacaran developmental biology. Biol Rev, 93: 914-932. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12379">https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12379</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoyal Cuthill, Jennifer & Han, Jian. (2018). Cambrian petalonamid Stromatoveris phylogenetically links Ediacaran biota to later animals. Palaeontology. 61. 10.1111/pala.12393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ERWIN, D. H. et al. The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals - SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL - File <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1206375">[4]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">EVANS, S. D. et al. Discovery of the oldest bilaterian from the Ediacaran of South Australia. In: PNAS 2020 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2001045117">[5]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">GIRIBET, Gonzalo; EDGECOMBE, Gregory D.. <i>The Invertebrate Tree of Life</i>. [s.l.] : Princeton University Press, 2020. 608 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-0-691-19706-7" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-0-691-19706-7">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-0-691-19706-7</span></a></span>. S. 32. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Brien LJ, Caron J-B (2012) A New Stalked Filter-Feeder from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada. PLoS ONE 7(1) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0029233">[6]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRIBET, G., EDGECOMBE, G. D. Perspectives in Animal Phylogeny and Evolution: A decade later. 2019 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://nhm.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10141/622477/Giribet%20%26%20Edgecombe%202019%20perspectives%20in%20animal%20phylogeny.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">[7]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRIBET, G., EDGECOMBE, G. D. The Invertebrate Tree of Life. Princeton University Press. 2020 (čiastočne dostupné online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691197067-015">https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691197067-015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">RUGGIERO, M. A. et al.. Correction: A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10 (6), 11 Jun 2015: 1-54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paleobiology database (prístup 7. 2. 2023) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic">[8]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosenthal-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenthal_24-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenthal_24-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">ROSENTHAL, Nadia; HARVEY, Richard P.. <i>Heart Development and Regeneration</i>. [s.l.] : Academic Press, 2010. 1136 s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.sk/books?id=oGWbK19Shb4C&pg=PA7&dq=%22Animal+phylogenies+and+the+origins+of+pumping+organs%22&hl=sk&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjXkOu8qIL9AhU7cPEDHSr1BzMQ6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&q=%22Animal%20phylogenies%20and%20the%20origins%20of%20pumping%20organs%22&f=false">Dostupné online.</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-0-12-381333-6" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-0-12-381333-6">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-0-12-381333-6</span></a></span>. S. 7. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">MINELLI, Alessandro. <i>Perspectives in Animal Phylogeny and Evolution</i>. [s.l.] : Oxford University Press, 2009. 345 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-0-19-856620-5" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-0-19-856620-5">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-0-19-856620-5</span></a></span>. S. 35 a nasl.. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>Variety of Life</i> [online]. taxondiversity.fieldofscience.com, [cit. 2023-02-07]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taxondiversity.fieldofscience.com/2016/08/bilateria.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">KRUMPÁL, Miroslav. <i>Veľká kniha živočíchov : viac ako 1600 farebných ilustrácií</i>. Prvé. vyd. Bratislava : Príroda, 2019. 344 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-80-551-6883-8" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-80-551-6883-8">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-80-551-6883-8</span></a></span>. S. 26-28. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">TIRJAKOVÁ, E. et al. SYSTÉM EUKARYOTICKÝCH JEDNOBUNKOVCOV A ŽIVOČÍCHOV. 2015 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://fns.uniba.sk/fileadmin/prif/biol/kzo/Profily/Tirjakova_Eva/System_Eucaryota_1vydanie.pdf">[9]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">PANČÍK, P. 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The Acoela: on their kind and kinships, especially with nemertodermatids and xenoturbellids (Bilateria incertae sedis). 2013 (najmä Fig. 8) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.gfbs-home.de/fileadmin/user_upload/ode2mods/ode/ode13/ode13_0267/article.pdf">[11]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">HEJNOL, A., PANG, K. Xenacoelomorpha's significance for understanding bilaterian evolution, Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, Volume 39, 2016, pages 48-54, ISSN 0959-437X, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.019.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X16300582)">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.019.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X16300582)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mulhair, Peter & McCarthey, Charley & Siu-Ting, Karen & Creevey, Chris & O'Connell, Mary. (2021). Enriching for orthologs increases support for Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria sister relationship. 10.1101/2021.12.13.472462. (Poznámka: O postavení Xenacoelomorpha)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Drábková, Marie et al. & (2022). Different phylogenomic methods support monophyly of enigmatic ‘Mesozoa’ (Dicyemida + Orthonectida, Lophotrochozoa). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 289. 10.1098/rspb.2022.0683. (Poznámka: O postavení Xenacoelomorpha)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">BURDA et al. Systematische Zoologie . 2. vollst. überarb. u. erw. Aufl. . 2016. S. 86 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://elibrary.utb.de/doi/10.36198/9783838542393-87-108">[12]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">MOTYČKA, V., ROLLER, Z. Svět zvířat X - Bezobratlí 1. Praha: Albatros 1. 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Subbotina, E. J., Bagirov, R. T. Zoologija bespozvonočnych. 2014. S. 7 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/287482768.pdf">[13]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">TEREK J., VOSTAL Z.: Zoológia bezchordátov. Fakulta humanitných a prírodných vied Prešovskej univerzity. Prešov. 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">MARGULIS, Lynn; Michael J Chapman. <i>Kingdoms and Domains (An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth)</i>. [s.l.] : Academic Press, 2009. 732 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-0-08-092014-6" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-0-08-092014-6">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-0-08-092014-6</span></a></span>. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">WHITTACKER, R. H. New concepts of kingdoms of organisms. In: Science vol. 163. pp. 150-160. 1969</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">druhotnodutinovce. In: <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Beliana" title="Encyclopaedia Beliana">Encyclopaedia Beliana</a> 3, S. 563</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">acoelomáty. In: Encyclopaedia Beliana 1, S. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mesoblast. In: STÖCKER, W. F. et al. Biologie Band 2/Me-Z. Leipzig:VEB F. A. Brockhaus. 1986. S. 550</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">UŠÁKOVÁ, Katarína; MATIS, Dušan; KOVÁČ, Vladimír. <i>Biológia pre gymnázia</i>. 1. vyd. Bratislava : Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo, 2002. 87 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/80-08-03328-2" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/80-08-03328-2">ISBN <span class="ISBN">80-08-03328-2</span></a></span>. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">STORER, T. I. et al. General Zoology. 6th ed.. 1979</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">BOLEČEK, Peter. <i>Biológia : pomôcka pre maturantov a uchádzačov o štúdium na vysokých školách</i>. 1. vyd. Nitra : Enigma, 2010. 406 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-80-89132-95-9" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-80-89132-95-9">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-80-89132-95-9</span></a></span>. S. 240-267. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scott D. Evans, Ian V. Hughes, James G. Gehling, and Mary L. Droser. Discovery of the oldest bilaterian from the Ediacaran of South Australia. PNAS, March 23, 2020 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001045117</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identifikátorytaxónu" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identifikátorytaxónu" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Tax%C3%B3n" title="Taxón">Identifikátory<br />taxónu</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wiki%C3%BAdaje" title="Wikiúdaje">Wikiúdaje</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5173" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q5173">Q5173</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidruhy" title="Wikidruhy">Wikidruhy</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Bilateria">Bilateria</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Bilateria/">Bilateria</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/3014411">3014411</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossilworks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fossilworks (stránka neexistuje)">Fossilworks</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=67103">67103</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/506553">506553</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=914154">914154</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=33213">33213</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Zdroj: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&oldid=7926491">https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dvojstranovce&oldid=7926491</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kateg%C3%B3rie" title="Špeciálne:Kategórie">Kategória</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Dvojstranovce" title="Kategória:Dvojstranovce">Dvojstranovce</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skryté kategórie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Port%C3%A1l:Biol%C3%B3gia/Zapojen%C3%A9_%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nky" title="Kategória:Portál:Biológia/Zapojené články">Portál:Biológia/Zapojené články</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:%C3%9Adr%C5%BEba:Taxonbary_bez_parametru_from" title="Kategória:Údržba:Taxonbary bez parametru from">Údržba:Taxonbary bez parametru from</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Dátum a čas poslednej úpravy tejto stránky: 14. október 2024, 21:54.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text je dostupný za podmienok <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 4.0 Unported</a>; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. 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