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Nixon doth dwell. And he is likewise to build answerable of either side the bridge, to Fenwick Hall end, and Robert Worrell's house end, the which, if he should deny, and only build some poor mean structure both for height and materials, then remember you let him not join to Fenwick Hall gable end, nor Robert Worrell's gable end, nor the house which is to be built at Roger James's house end; and if he should build independently, of himself, and join to none of these, remember that you let him break none of the battlement of the bridge, which will permit him no way into those houses; and for the house at the garden end, you may hinder him from making a way to it through Fenwick street, by building a wall of your own a foot into the street over against his wall. I only write this to let you know how you may force him, if he do build, either to do like the rest, or not to build at all.</p> <p class='gtxt_body' style='text-indent:1em;'>In this lease is likewise the house at the end of the spinning place, wherein now Tho. Birch Esq.* lives, and thirty five yards and four</p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body'> <p class='gtxt_body' style='text-indent:1em;'>* Thus the ci-devant colonel, governor and member for Liverpool, Thomas Birch, was passing the evening of his days in the scene of his former activity. He died in 1678, aged 70,"deaf and in dotage."</p> <p class='gtxt_body'>We refer to the Civil War Tracts, the Norris Papers, and to the Commons' Journals, 3rd December, 1650, where Birch's services and expectations are enumerated. On July 4th, 1659, there is a curious bargain made between Birch and the Commons, by which, after deducting £35 to be paid for the lead and vendible materials of the castle at Liverpool, and which money was insufficient to cover the expences of the demolition of the castle, and is, therefore, appropriated to the State, a house within the castle," which, with the site, is worth £100, which by computation the demolition will amount unto," is given to Birch on condition "that the castle is made untenable, together with the walls and towers." It is further ordered, that castle, dwelling-house, materials, &c., under these stipulations, be conveyed to Birch. Before this destruction could even be commenced, the very contingency which it was ordered to avert, occurred; the castle, in August, was seized by the Royalists. Nor does the complete removal of it appear to have occurred even up to William's reign; for it was then an armoury, and guarded, although dilapidated; and in the lease of the soil and site, granted by Anne, 5th March, (1704,) to the</p> </div> </div>  <div class='flow' style=''> <a class='page' id='PA57'></a> <div class='gtxt_body' style='margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <p class='gtxt_body' style='text-align:right;'>Birch lives in</p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body' style='margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <p class='gtxt_body' style='text-align:right;'>of the spinning</p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body' style='margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <p class='gtxt_body'>inches eastward, and in breadth eleven yards and a half, lying north and south, being next the back side of that house. All this goes in this lease together. Remember the spinning place is to be twelve foot broad, and fourteen foot broad, if any deny the liberty of building on their wall. Remember there is no way into the spinning place but through a cross lane which was by agreement to be left at Mr. Bushell's east end of his ground, lying next to Tho. Gallaw's house ; but now the said Mr. Bushell hath inclosed the said cross lane into his back side of the house Mr. Clayton now lives in, so that he hath no way of right into the said spinning place, but that I permit him at present a cart way by the bridge, for which passage he and his ex- The house Mr. ecutors are to allow me and my subtenants a passage cross his spin- at the west end ning place to the seser dore in Fenwick Hall, or to what cellars or place. warehouses I or my assignees shall cause erected in Fenwick Hall back side, the wall of which cellars or warehouses shall be in the wall joining to the spinning place. If you would see more of this cross lane was to be left open, vide Mr. Bushell's lease of his second house, which is that house Mr. Clayton* now lives in. In that lease the cross lane is particularly named. Remember Mr. Bushell can claim no other way by his lease, for that the passage by the bridge, which now leads into the spinning place, was in Thomas Wainwright's lease of his house for to be his back side, which said Thomas Wainwright resigned his interest there long since Mr. Bushell's lease of this spinning place was signed; so that at the time of Mr. Bushell's lease signing, there being no way, he can claim no way there; but if he will have a way, it must be through the cross lane above said, as</p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body' style='margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <p class='gtxt_body'>Corporation for fifty years, there is a license to pull down the "remaining ruins," as recited in the act for building St. George's.</p> <p class='gtxt_body' style='text-indent:1em;'>Birch never enjoyed, or was soon dispossessed of, this bargain.</p> <p class='gtxt_body' style='text-indent:1em;'>*This Clayton we suppose to be Thomas, mayor in 1680: whether he was any relation to William, of whom, in the Norris Papers, we had occasion so often to make mention, does not appear. William was son of Robert, of Fulwood, near Preston. The mode in which these two Claytons are set down in the list of mayors -firstly, as esquires, and secondly, as serving the office without having been bailiffs, which with townsmen seems never to have been permitted - would show that they were held to be persons of importance.</p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body'> <p class='gtxt_body' style='text-align:right;'>I</p> </div> </div>  <div class='flow' style=''> <a class='page' id='PA58'></a> <div class='gtxt_body' style='margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <p class='gtxt_body'>Mr. Birch's house, thirtyfive yards of ground there: query?</p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body' style='margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <p class='gtxt_body'>it was always intended for his passage; yet if he permit me and my assignees a way to Fenwick Hall cellar and back side as aforesaid, in God's name let him have a way there, not else. This house in Castle street, I have set what fine and rent I would have you make it; and for the spinning place, never fine it, unless you reserve at least thirty pounds per annum rent, and then let it go in a lease by itself; so may you make this one lease into three several leases. And whereas now all is leased for two shillings a year, you may very well make two pounds eight shillings per annum of the house in Castle street, and a good fine, and raise the house Mr. Birch lives in to forty shillings a year old rent, and sixty pounds fine, and either of them three rent hens, and the spinning place to a fine and thirty pounds rent a year. Thus instead of two shillings a year to me, you may have thirty-four pounds per annum and at least a hundred pounds in ready money fine, and six rent hens.</p> <p class='gtxt_body' style='text-indent:1em;'>Remember as to the thirty-five yards of ground in this lease. It is now taken for a back side to the new house Mr. Clayton lives in; so that if the lives in this lease should expire before the lives in Mr. Bushell's second house, which Mr. Clayton now lives in, remember you may seize on the back side according to the yards and inches in the lease, unless you be otherwise agreed withal. Dividing your leases makes you have a greater interest, and whenever you come to fine them, you will find small things will have ten chapmen for great things one, and so consequently far more ready money. In this lease for these two houses and thirty-five yards of ground, together with the spinning place, are the lives of him the said Will. Bushell, Thomas his eldest son, and Mildred his eldest daughter; one rent hen; old rent, 2s.</p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body' style='margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <p class='gtxt_body' style='text-indent:1em;'>FINLOW RICHARD.</p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body'> <p class='gtxt_body' style='text-indent:1em;'>His old rent was fourteen shillings a year; this is only a house and a good back side; I had only a small fine for it. In regard, my uncle Robert More got his mother with child, he procured me to give her this house for nothing. This Richard is her son, a</p> </div> </div>  <div class='flow' style=''> <a class='page' id='PA59'></a> <div class='gimg_body' style='float: left; margin-right: 1em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <img height="3" width="12" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=dWFVAAAAcAAJ&output=text&pg=PA59&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&q=&cds=1&sig=ACfU3U3nBrG5To8qWaXuTG0QrbEizsrn_w&edge=0&edge=stretch&ci=281,506,27,6" alt="[ocr errors]" /></div> <div class='gtxt_body' style='margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <p class='gtxt_body'>very honest fellow but when I made the Fenwick-street, I took a little piece of his back side from him, which now lies to Robert Worrell's house; and he made me give him a life or two, I know not whether, into this house, for nothing, and likewise to abate him seven shillings of his old rent, and to abate him two days' shearing; and all this was for a little piece of his back side, the which I know he could not have set for five shillings a-year; yet you may see what you must expect from your tenants, if they find your necessities require their help. Therefore serve God, and look honestly to your own; for there is not a foot I have had from any one of them, but they have made me pay ten times the worth of it. Here belongs to this house a fair length to the front of the Castle-street, I mean to the border stones, to which, according to the custom of the town, you may lawfully build. Remember as to the back door, which owner, William Bushell, hath out of his house at the south end upon Richard Finlow's, is but of courtesy, by the permission of Archibald Finlow, who was father to this Richard, to fetch water at the said Mr. Bushell's draw-well, near thereunto adjoining. And I have heard the said Mr. Bushell confess, that if the said Richard Finlow have ever occasion to build to the front he may, if he please, build up so far as the border stone, and join to his gable end, and stop up the way out of the back door which at present is open. This house will be worth fifty pounds fine, and to raise the rent to one pound a-year. Lives in it are him, the said Richard, John his brother, and Ann his sister; three rent hens at Easter; one day's shearing. Rent, £0 78. Od.</p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body' style='margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <p class='gtxt_body' style='text-indent:1em;'>BRIDGE, WIDOW,</p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body'> <p class='gtxt_body' style='text-indent:1em;'>A poor old woman. Her own sister, Margaret Loy, being arraigned for a witch* confessed she was one; and when she</p> <p class='gtxt_body' style='text-indent:1em;'>*The first ten years after the Restoration were prolific in witch causes. The mode of witchcraft thus detected in Liverpool has the peculiarity of the familiar having been received as a legacy. In most cases the obtaining power from the devil followed a compact, in which the recipient showed a volition, and paid a price</p> </div> </div>  <div class='flow' style=''> <a class='page' id='PA60'></a> <div class='gtxt_body' style='margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <p class='gtxt_body'>was asked how long she had so been, replied, Since the death of her mother, who died thirty years ago; and at her decease she had nothing to leave her, and this widow Bridge, that were sisters, but her two spirits; and named them, the eldest spirit to this widow, and the other spirit to her the said Margaret Loy. God bless me and all mine from such legacies: amen. This house is out of lease, yet for charity I permit this old woman to be in it only for the old rent; whenever she dies put her daughter out of it, for she is one of the wicked, drunken, swearing, and cursing women in England, and a lewd woman besides. God bless us from her amen. This is a</p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body' style='margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <p class='gtxt_body'>for the favour conferred. The difference between the sorcerer's and the witch's fortune is correctly stated by Grimm; the former being sometimes rich, the latter always poor. Dapper, in the Alchemist, asks for</p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body' style='margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <p class='gtxt_body'>a familiar</p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body' style='margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <p class='gtxt_body' style='text-indent:1em;'>To rifle with at horses, and win cups;</p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body' style='margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <p class='gtxt_body'>and Marlow makes Faust hesitate as to the gratification of ambition, avarice, or love. Not so the familiar of Demdykes or Mother Sawyer, who merely came to gratify spite. "Fantasy, tradition, knowledge of drugs, poverty and idleness," says Grimm, "have all made witches out of old women; the three last have converted shepherds into sorcerers." The first kind of familiar was the Kobold, the goblin of our ancestors, a merry, active, though somewhat irritable, household drudge. "To this day, (1816,) they say proverbially of a woman who gets work quickly out of hand, She has the Kobold. Who makes him angry must take care." (Deutsche Sagen.) This anger chiefly arose from being deprived of the "well earned milk bowl, duly set." The successor to this blameless spirit, the witch's familiar, is every way a disgusting creature. How far this, and all the other attributes of modern witchcraft, sprung from, or were coloured by, presbyterianism, and the other modes of puritanism, is an interesting enquiry. Obsession had a close relation to dispossession; that is, a desire to exorcise often produced the witch. Every thing seemed to change sides in witchcraft; the minister of the Reformed Church urged its existence, and the Jesuit took the opposite view. Sir Matthew Hale, in 1665, condemned witches; and Butler ridiculed the idea of their reality. The law floated on the current of the popular belief</p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body' style='margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <p class='gtxt_body gtxt_lineated'>The judges of assize, without more proof, <br/>Suspect, arraign, and burn for witchcraft. <br/></p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body' style='margin-bottom: 1.5em;'> <p class='gtxt_body' style='text-align:right;'>City Watch, Act v. s. 3.</p> </div> <div class='gtxt_body'> <p class='gtxt_body'>At last the devil was held to be more respectable than a witch- Nulla enim mala non egisset Dæmon nisi provocatus a Sagis. In the beginning of the eighteenth century, witchcraft, which had entered through Italy about 350 years before, disappeared from Europe, making its farewell in Scotland and Sweden.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><a id="legacy-text-prev" style="font-size:80%;float:left;margin:2px 2px 2px 12px" href=https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=dWFVAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA55&focus=viewport&output=text>« Previous</a><a id="legacy-text-next" style="font-size:80%;float:right;margin:2px 12px 2px 2px" href=https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=dWFVAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA65&focus=viewport&output=text#c_top>Continue »</a></div></td></tr></table></div></div></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>