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</li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Computational_phylogenetic_classifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computational_phylogenetic_classifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Computational phylogenetic classifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computational_phylogenetic_classifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glottolog_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glottolog_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Glottolog classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glottolog_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Language structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Language_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Language structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Language_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reduplication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reduplication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Reduplication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reduplication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noun_class" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noun_class"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Noun class</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noun_class-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Syntax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>By country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-By_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle By country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-By_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lingua_franca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lingua_franca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Lingua franca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lingua_franca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Angola" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angola"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Angola</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angola-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Botswana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Botswana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Botswana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Botswana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burundi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burundi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Burundi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burundi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cameroon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cameroon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Cameroon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cameroon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_African_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_African_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Central African Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_African_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comoros" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comoros"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Comoros</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comoros-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Democratic Republic of the Congo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equatorial_Guinea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equatorial_Guinea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Equatorial Guinea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equatorial_Guinea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eswatini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eswatini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Eswatini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eswatini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gabon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gabon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11</span> <span>Gabon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gabon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.12</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kenya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.13</span> <span>Kenya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lesotho" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lesotho"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.14</span> <span>Lesotho</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lesotho-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Madagascar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madagascar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.15</span> <span>Madagascar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madagascar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malawi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malawi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.16</span> <span>Malawi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malawi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayotte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayotte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.17</span> <span>Mayotte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayotte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mozambique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mozambique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.18</span> <span>Mozambique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mozambique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Namibia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namibia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.19</span> <span>Namibia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namibia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.20</span> <span>Nigeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.21</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_the_Congo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_the_Congo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.22</span> <span>Republic of the Congo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_the_Congo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rwanda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rwanda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.23</span> <span>Rwanda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rwanda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Somalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Somalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.24</span> <span>Somalia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Somalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.25</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tanzania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanzania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.26</span> <span>Tanzania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanzania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uganda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uganda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.27</span> <span>Uganda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uganda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yemen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.28</span> <span>Yemen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yemen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zambia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zambia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.29</span> <span>Zambia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zambia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zimbabwe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zimbabwe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.30</span> <span>Zimbabwe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zimbabwe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geographic_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographic_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Geographic areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographic_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bantu_words_popularised_in_western_cultures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bantu_words_popularised_in_western_cultures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bantu words popularised in western cultures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bantu_words_popularised_in_western_cultures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Writing systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bantu languages</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantoetale" title="Bantoetale – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bantoetale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="لغات البانتو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات البانتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_bant%C3%BAs" title="Llingües bantús – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües bantús" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vantu_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BDngu%C3%A9ra" title="Vantu ñe'ẽnguéra – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vantu ñe'ẽnguéra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_dill%C9%99ri" title="Bantu dilləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bantu dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="بانتو دیللری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بانتو دیللری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B)" title="Банту (мовы) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Банту (мовы)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_bantouek" title="Yezhoù bantouek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù bantouek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_bantus" title="Llengües bantus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües bantus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantusk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Bantuské jazyky – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bantuské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitauro_ye_Chibantu" title="Mitauro ye Chibantu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mitauro ye Chibantu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viyowoyelo_vachi_Bantu" title="Viyowoyelo vachi Bantu – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Viyowoyelo vachi Bantu" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieithoedd_Bantu" title="Ieithoedd Bantu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ieithoedd Bantu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantusprog" title="Bantusprog – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bantusprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantusprachen" title="Bantusprachen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bantusprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_keeled" title="Bantu keeled – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bantu keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Γλώσσες Μπαντού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσες Μπαντού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_bant%C3%BAes" title="Lenguas bantúes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas bantúes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantua_lingvaro" title="Bantua lingvaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bantua lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_hizkuntzak" title="Bantu hizkuntzak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bantu hizkuntzak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="زبان‌های بانتو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های بانتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_bantoues" title="Langues bantoues – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues bantoues" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_bant%C3%BAs" title="Linguas bantús – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas bantús" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_ng%C3%AE-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Bantu ngî-chhu̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bantu ngî-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%ED%88%AC%EC%96%B4%EA%B5%B0" title="반투어군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반투어군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բանտու լեզուներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բանտու լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="बांटू भाषा परिवार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बांटू भाषा परिवार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuske_r%C4%9B%C4%8De" title="Bantuske rěče – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bantuske rěče" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuski_jezici" title="Bantuski jezici – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bantuski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu-lingui" title="Bantu-lingui – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bantu-lingui" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Bantu" title="Rumpun bahasa Bantu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Bantu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bant%C3%BAm%C3%A1l" title="Bantúmál – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bantúmál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_bantu" title="Lingue bantu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue bantu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95" title="שפות בנטו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות בנטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ბანტუს ენები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბანტუს ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Банту тілдері – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Банту тілдері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_za_Kibantu" title="Lugha za Kibantu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha za Kibantu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandinga_ya_kibantu" title="Bandinga ya kibantu – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Bandinga ya kibantu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Банту тилдери – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Банту тилдери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_valodas" title="Bantu valodas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bantu valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bant%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Bantų kalbos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bantų kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_nyelvek" title="Bantu nyelvek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bantu nyelvek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83-%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Банту-јазици – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Банту-јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianakaviam-piteny_banto" title="Fianakaviam-piteny banto – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fianakaviam-piteny banto" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ബാണ്ടു ഭാഷകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബാണ്ടു ഭാഷകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Bantu" title="Bahasa Bantu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Bantu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantoetalen" title="Bantoetalen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bantoetalen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A4" title="バントゥー語群 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バントゥー語群" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuspriaken" title="Bantuspriaken – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bantuspriaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuspr%C3%A5k" title="Bantuspråk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bantuspråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuspr%C3%A5k" title="Bantuspråk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bantuspråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantual_lingues" title="Bantual lingues – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Bantual lingues" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_bantos" title="Lengas bantos – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas bantos" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_tillari" title="Bantu tillari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bantu tillari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="بانتو زباناں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بانتو زباناں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%DA%98%D8%A8%DB%90" title="بانتو ژبې – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بانتو ژبې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_bantu" title="Języki bantu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki bantu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_bantas" title="Línguas bantas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas bantas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbi_bantu" title="Limbi bantu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbi bantu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantu_simikuna" title="Pantu simikuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pantu simikuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8)" title="Банту (языки) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Банту (языки)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbas_bantu" title="Limbas bantu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limbas bantu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuh%C3%ABt_bantu" title="Gjuhët bantu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuhët bantu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bantu languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantusk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Bantuské jazyky – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bantuské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Банту језици – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Банту језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_jezici" title="Bantu jezici – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bantu jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantukielet" title="Bantukielet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bantukielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuspr%C3%A5k" title="Bantuspråk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bantuspråk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பண்டு மொழிகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பண்டு மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Банту телләре – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Банту телләре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_dilleri" title="Bantu dilleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bantu dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8)" title="Банту (мови) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Банту (мови)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="بانتو زبانیں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بانتو زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_Bantu" title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Bantu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Bantu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="班图语支 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="班图语支" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%A8d%C3%A8_B%C3%A0nt%C3%BA" title="Àwọn èdè Bàntú – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn èdè Bàntú" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="班圖語族 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="班圖語族" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="班图语支 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="班图语支" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_language&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu language">Bantu language</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Large language family spoken in Sub-Saharan Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ffddaa;">Bantu</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographic<br />distribution</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Africa" title="Southeast Africa">Southeast Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Somalia" title="Geography of Somalia">Southern Somalia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu peoples</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Linguistic classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a>?<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Atlantic–Congo languages">Atlantic–Congo</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Volta%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Volta–Congo languages">Volta–Congo</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Benue%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Benue–Congo languages">Benue–Congo</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Bantoid_languages" title="Bantoid languages">Bantoid</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Bantoid_languages" title="Southern Bantoid languages">Southern Bantoid</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><b>Bantu</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Proto-language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Bantu_language" title="Proto-Bantu language">Proto-Bantu</a></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Zones A–S</a> (geographic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbam_languages" title="Mbam languages">Mbam</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bube_language" title="Bube language">Bube</a>–<a href="/wiki/Jarawan_languages" title="Jarawan languages">Jarawan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manenguba_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manenguba language">Manenguba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawabantu_languages" title="Sawabantu languages">Sawabantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basaa_languages" title="Basaa languages">Basaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bafia_languages" title="Bafia languages">Bafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beti_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Beti language">Beti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makaa%E2%80%93Njem_languages" title="Makaa–Njem languages">Makaa–Njem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kele%E2%80%93Tsogo_languages" title="Kele–Tsogo languages">Kele–Tsogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teke%E2%80%93Mbede_languages" title="Teke–Mbede languages">Teke–Mbede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mboshi%E2%80%93Buja_languages" title="Mboshi–Buja languages">Mboshi–Buja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangi%E2%80%93Tetela_languages" title="Bangi–Tetela languages">Bangi–Tetela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbole%E2%80%93Enya_languages" title="Mbole–Enya languages">Mbole–Enya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lega%E2%80%93Binja_languages" title="Lega–Binja languages">Lega–Binja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boan_languages" title="Boan languages">Boan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebonya_languages" title="Lebonya languages">Lebonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyanga%E2%80%93Buyi_languages" title="Nyanga–Buyi languages">Nyanga–Buyi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Bantu_languages" title="Northeast Bantu languages">Northeast Bantu</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongwe_language" title="Tongwe language">Tongwe-Bende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbugwe%E2%80%93Rangi_languages" title="Mbugwe–Rangi languages">Mbugwe–Rangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilombero_languages" title="Kilombero languages">Kilombero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_languages" title="Kongo languages">Kongo</a>–<a href="/wiki/Yaka_languages" title="Yaka languages">Yaka</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sira_languages" title="Sira languages">Sira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimbundu_languages" title="Kimbundu languages">Kimbundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokwe%E2%80%93Luchazi_languages" title="Chokwe–Luchazi languages">Chokwe–Luchazi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luyana_language" title="Luyana language">Luyana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mbukushu_language" title="Mbukushu language">Mbukushu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pende_languages" title="Pende languages">Pende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luban_languages" title="Luban languages">Luban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunda_languages" title="Lunda languages">Lunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukwa_languages" title="Rukwa languages">Rukwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabi_languages" title="Sabi languages">Sabi</a>–<a href="/wiki/Botatwe_languages" title="Botatwe languages">Botatwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turu_language" title="Turu language">Nyaturu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Nilamba_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nilamba language">Nilamba</a>-<a href="/wiki/Isanzu_language" title="Isanzu language">Isanzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyasa_languages" title="Nyasa languages">Nyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufiji%E2%80%93Ruvuma_languages" title="Rufiji–Ruvuma languages">Rufiji–Ruvuma</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Umbundu" title="Umbundu">Umbundu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavango_%E2%80%93_Southwest_Bantu_languages" title="Kavango – Southwest Bantu languages">Kavango–Southwest Bantu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yeyi_language" title="Yeyi language">Yeyi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shona_languages" title="Shona languages">Shona</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Bantu_languages" title="Southern Bantu languages">Southern Bantu</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedi language">Pedi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">5</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><samp><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/bnt" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:bnt">bnt</a></code></samp></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><samp><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/narr1281">narr1281</a></code></samp></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Bantu_languages.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Map_of_the_Bantu_languages.svg/300px-Map_of_the_Bantu_languages.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Map_of_the_Bantu_languages.svg/450px-Map_of_the_Bantu_languages.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Map_of_the_Bantu_languages.svg/600px-Map_of_the_Bantu_languages.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1342" data-file-height="1123" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f8acec; color:black;"> </span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#a4228d"><b>Bantu languages</b></span> shown within the <a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo language family</a>. Non-Bantu languages are greyscale.</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Bantu languages</b> (English: <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span> Proto-Bantu: *bantʊ̀)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">language family</a> of about 600 <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a> that are spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu peoples</a> of <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Africa" title="Southeast Africa">Southeast</a> <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. They form the largest branch of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Bantoid_languages" title="Southern Bantoid languages">Southern Bantoid languages</a>. </p><p>The total number of Bantu languages is estimated at between 440 and 680 distinct languages, depending on the definition of <a href="/wiki/Dialect#Dialect_or_language" title="Dialect">"language" versus "dialect"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Bantu languages borrow words from each other, and some are <a href="/wiki/Mutually_intelligible" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutually intelligible">mutually intelligible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the languages are spoken by a very small number of people, for example the <a href="/wiki/Kabwa_language" title="Kabwa language">Kabwa language</a> was estimated in 2007 to be spoken by only 8500 people but was assessed to be a distinct language.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The total number of Bantu speakers is estimated to be around 350 million in 2015 (roughly 30% of the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Africa" title="Demographics of Africa">population of Africa</a> or 5% of the <a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">world population</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bantu languages are largely spoken southeast of <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, and throughout <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">Eastern</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Africa" title="Southeast Africa">Southeast Africa</a>. About one-sixth of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bantu_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bantu peoples">Bantu speakers</a>, and one-third of Bantu languages, are found in the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>. </p><p>The most widely spoken Bantu language by number of speakers is <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>, with 16 million <a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">native</a> speakers and 80 million <a href="/wiki/L2_language" class="mw-redirect" title="L2 language">L2</a> speakers (2015).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most native speakers of Swahili live in <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, where it is a national language, while as a second language, it is taught as a mandatory subject in many schools in East Africa, and is a <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> of the <a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a>. </p><p>Other major Bantu languages include <a href="/wiki/Lingala_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingala language">Lingala</a> with more than 20 million speakers (<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/DRC" class="mw-redirect" title="DRC">DRC</a>), followed by <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a> with 13.56 million speakers (<a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>), <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a> at a distant third place with 8.2 million <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_people" title="Xhosa people">speakers</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Shona_language" title="Shona language">Shona</a> with less than 10 million speakers (if <a href="/wiki/Manyika_dialect" title="Manyika dialect">Manyika</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ndau_dialect" title="Ndau dialect">Ndau</a> are included), while <a href="/wiki/Sotho%E2%80%93Tswana_languages" title="Sotho–Tswana languages">Sotho-Tswana languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Sotho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sotho language">Pedi</a>) have more than 15 million speakers (across <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>, South Africa, and <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>). Zimbabwe has Kalanga, Matebele, Nambiya, and Xhosa speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-Z.Thamba_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Z.Thamba-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> separates the largely mutually intelligible <a href="/wiki/Kinyarwanda" title="Kinyarwanda">Kinyarwanda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kirundi" title="Kirundi">Kirundi</a>, which together have 20 million speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples#Etymology" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu peoples § Etymology</a></div> <p>The similarity among dispersed Bantu languages had been observed as early as the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>Bantu</i> as a name for the group was not coined but "noticed" or "identified" (as <i>Bâ-ntu</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Bleek" title="Wilhelm Bleek">Wilhelm Bleek</a> as the first European in 1857 or 1858, and popularized in his <i>Comparative Grammar</i> of 1862.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He noticed the term to represent the word for "people" in loosely reconstructed <a href="/wiki/Proto-Bantu" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Bantu">Proto-Bantu</a>, from the plural <a href="/wiki/Noun_class" title="Noun class">noun class</a> prefix <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa_class" class="extiw" title="wikt:Appendix:Swahili noun classes">*ba-</a></i> categorizing "people", and the <a href="/wiki/Root_(linguistics)" title="Root (linguistics)">root</a> <i>*ntʊ̀-</i> "some (entity), any" (e.g. Xhosa <i>umntu</i> "person", <i>abantu</i> "people"; Zulu <i>umuntu</i> "person", <i>abantu</i> "people"). </p><p>There is no native term for the people who speak Bantu languages because they are not an <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a>. People speaking Bantu languages refer to their languages by ethnic <a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">endonyms</a>, which did not have an indigenous concept prior to European contact for the larger ethnolinguistic phylum named by 19th-century European linguists. Bleek's identification was inspired by the anthropological observation of groups frequently self-identifying as "people" or "the true people" (as is the case, for example, with the term <i><a href="/wiki/Khoikhoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoikhoi">Khoikhoi</a></i>, but this is a <i>kare</i> "praise address" and not an ethnic name).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <i>narrow Bantu</i>, excluding those languages classified as <a href="/wiki/Bantoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantoid">Bantoid</a> by <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Guthrie" title="Malcolm Guthrie">Malcolm Guthrie</a> (1948), was introduced in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prefix <i>ba-</i> specifically refers to people. Endonymically, the term for cultural objects, including language, is formed with the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ki-vi_class" class="extiw" title="wikt:Appendix:Swahili noun classes"><i>ki-</i> noun class</a> (Nguni <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Nguni/%C3%ADsi-" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Nguni/ísi-">ísi-</a></i>), as in KiSwahili (Swahili language and culture), IsiZulu (Zulu language and culture) and KiGanda (Ganda religion and culture). </p><p>In the 1980s, South African linguists suggested referring to these languages as <i>KiNtu.</i> The word <i>kintu</i> exists in some places, but it means "thing", with no relation to the concept of "language".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, delegates at the African Languages Association of Southern Africa conference in 1984 reported that, in some places, the term <i>Kintu</i> has a derogatory significance.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is because <i>kintu</i> refers to "things" and is used as a dehumanizing term for people who have lost their dignity.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, <i><a href="/wiki/Kintu" title="Kintu">Kintu</a></i> is a figure in some mythologies.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1990s, the term <i>Kintu</i> was still occasionally used by South African linguists.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But in contemporary decolonial South African linguistics, the term <i>Ntu languages</i> is used.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the fierce debate among linguists about the word "Bantu", Seidensticker (2024) indicates that there has been a "profound conceptual trend in which a "purely technical [term] without any non-linguistic connotations was transformed into a designation referring indiscriminately to language, culture, society, and race"."<sup id="cite_ref-Seidensticker_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seidensticker-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bantu languages descend from a common <a href="/wiki/Proto-Bantu_language" title="Proto-Bantu language">Proto-Bantu language</a>, which is believed to have been spoken in what is now <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Adler_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adler-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An estimated 2,500–3,000 years ago (1000 BC to 500 BC), speakers of the Proto-Bantu language began a series of migrations eastward and southward, carrying agriculture with them. This <a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu expansion</a> came to dominate Sub-Saharan Africa east of Cameroon, an area where <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu peoples</a> now constitute nearly the entire population.<sup id="cite_ref-Adler_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adler-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Falola_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falola-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some other sources estimate the Bantu Expansion started closer to 3000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The technical term Bantu, meaning "human beings" or simply "people", was first used by <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Bleek" title="Wilhelm Bleek">Wilhelm Bleek</a> (1827–1875), as the concept is reflected in many of the languages of this group. A common characteristic of Bantu languages is that they use words such as <i>muntu</i> or <i>mutu</i> for "human being" or in simplistic terms "person", and the plural prefix for human nouns starting with <i>mu-</i> (class 1) in most languages is <i>ba-</i> (class 2), thus giving <i>bantu</i> for "people". Bleek, and later <a href="/wiki/Carl_Meinhof" title="Carl Meinhof">Carl Meinhof</a>, pursued extensive studies comparing the grammatical structures of Bantu languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie classification of Bantu languages</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bantu_languages" title="List of Bantu languages">List of Bantu languages</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bantu_zones.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bantu_zones.png/350px-Bantu_zones.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bantu_zones.png/525px-Bantu_zones.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bantu_zones.png/700px-Bantu_zones.png 2x" data-file-width="782" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption>The approximate locations of the <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">sixteen Guthrie Bantu zones</a>, including the addition of a <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Bantu_languages" title="Great Lakes Bantu languages">zone J around the Great Lakes</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Jarawan_languages" title="Jarawan languages">Jarawan languages</a> are spoken in Nigeria.</figcaption></figure> <p>The most widely used classification is an alphanumeric coding system developed by <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Guthrie" title="Malcolm Guthrie">Malcolm Guthrie</a> in his 1948 classification of the Bantu languages. It is mainly geographic. The term "narrow Bantu" was coined by the <i>Benue–Congo Working Group</i> to distinguish Bantu as recognized by Guthrie, from the <a href="/wiki/Bantoid_languages" title="Bantoid languages">Bantoid languages</a> not recognized as Bantu by Guthrie.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent times,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2017)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> the distinctiveness of Narrow Bantu as opposed to the other <a href="/wiki/Southern_Bantoid_languages" title="Southern Bantoid languages">Southern Bantoid languages</a> has been called into doubt,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the term is still widely used. </p><p>There is no true genealogical classification of the (Narrow) Bantu languages. Until recently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2017)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> most attempted classifications only considered languages that happen to fall within traditional Narrow Bantu, but there seems to be a continuum with the related languages of South Bantoid.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At a broader level, the family is commonly split in two depending on the reflexes of proto-Bantu tone patterns: many Bantuists group together parts of zones A through D (the extent depending on the author) as <i>Northwest Bantu</i> or <i>Forest Bantu</i>, and the remainder as <i>Central Bantu</i> or <i>Savanna Bantu</i>. The two groups have been described as having mirror-image tone systems: where Northwest Bantu has a high tone in a cognate, Central Bantu languages generally have a low tone, and vice versa. </p><p>Northwest Bantu is more divergent internally than Central Bantu, and perhaps less <a href="/wiki/Conservative_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative (language)">conservative</a> due to contact with non-Bantu Niger–Congo languages; Central Bantu is likely the innovative line <a href="/wiki/Cladistically" class="mw-redirect" title="Cladistically">cladistically</a>. Northwest Bantu is not a coherent family, but even for Central Bantu the evidence is lexical, with little evidence that it is a historically valid group. </p><p>Another attempt at a detailed genetic classification to replace the Guthrie system is the 1999 "Tervuren" proposal of Bastin, Coupez, and Mann.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it relies on <a href="/wiki/Lexicostatistics" title="Lexicostatistics">lexicostatistics</a>, which, because of its reliance on overall similarity rather than <a href="/wiki/Synapomorphy" class="mw-redirect" title="Synapomorphy">shared innovations</a>, may predict spurious groups of <a href="/wiki/Polyphyly" title="Polyphyly">conservative languages that are not closely related</a>. Meanwhile, <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> has added languages to the Guthrie classification which Guthrie overlooked, while removing the <a href="/wiki/Mbam_languages" title="Mbam languages">Mbam languages</a> (much of zone A), and shifting some languages between groups (much of zones D and E to a new zone J, for example, and part of zone L to K, and part of M to F) in an apparent effort at a semi-genetic, or at least semi-areal, classification. This has been criticized for sowing confusion in one of the few unambiguous ways to distinguish Bantu languages. Nurse & Philippson (2006) evaluate many proposals for low-level groups of Bantu languages, but the result is not a complete portrayal of the family.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i> has incorporated many of these into their classification.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The languages that share <a href="/wiki/Dahl%27s_law" title="Dahl's law">Dahl's law</a> may also form a valid group, <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Bantu_languages" title="Northeast Bantu languages">Northeast Bantu</a>. The infobox at right lists these together with various low-level groups that are fairly uncontroversial, though they continue to be revised. The development of a rigorous genealogical classification of many branches of Niger–Congo, not just Bantu, is hampered by insufficient data.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computational_phylogenetic_classifications">Computational phylogenetic classifications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Computational phylogenetic classifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Simplified phylogeny of northwestern branches of Bantu by Grollemund (2012):<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%; line-height:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Bantu </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Northwest </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Northwest 1 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Northwest 1a </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>A40-50-60-70: <a href="/wiki/Basaa_languages" title="Basaa languages">Basaa languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bafia_languages" title="Bafia languages">Bafia languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mbam_languages" title="Mbam languages">Mbam languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beti_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Beti language">Beti language</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>A10-20-30: <a href="/wiki/Sawabantu_languages" title="Sawabantu languages">Sawabantu languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manenguba_languages" title="Manenguba languages">Manenguba languages</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Northwest 1b </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>A80-90: <a href="/wiki/Makaa%E2%80%93Njem_languages" title="Makaa–Njem languages">Makaa–Njem languages</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>B20: <a href="/wiki/Kele_languages" title="Kele languages">Kele languages</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Northwest 2 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>B10: <a href="/wiki/Myene_language" title="Myene language">Myene language</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>B30: <a href="/wiki/Tsogo_languages" title="Tsogo languages">Tsogo languages</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Central </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Central 1 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Central 1a </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>C10-20-30: <a href="/wiki/Ngondi%E2%80%93Ngiri_languages" title="Ngondi–Ngiri languages">Ngondi–Ngiri languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mboshi_languages" title="Mboshi languages">Mboshi languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangi%E2%80%93Ntomba_languages" title="Bangi–Ntomba languages">Bangi–Ntomba languages</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>C40-D20-D32: <a href="/wiki/Bati%E2%80%93Angba_languages" title="Bati–Angba languages">Bati–Angba languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lega%E2%80%93Binja_languages" title="Lega–Binja languages">Lega–Binja languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bira_language" title="Bira language">Bira language</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Central 1b </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>B80-C60-70-80: <a href="/wiki/Boma%E2%80%93Dzing_languages" title="Boma–Dzing languages">Boma–Dzing languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soko_languages" title="Soko languages">Soko languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetela_languages" title="Tetela languages">Tetela languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bushoong_languages" title="Bushoong languages">Bushoong languages</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>B40-H10-30-B50-60-70: <a href="/wiki/Sira_languages" title="Sira languages">Sira languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kongo_languages" title="Kongo languages">Kongo languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yaka_languages" title="Yaka languages">Yaka languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nzebi_languages" title="Nzebi languages">Nzebi languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mbete_languages" title="Mbete languages">Mbete languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teke_languages" title="Teke languages">Teke languages</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>L10-H40: <a href="/wiki/Pende_languages" title="Pende languages">Pende languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungana_language" title="Hungana language">Hungana language</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Central 2 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>C50-D10: <a href="/wiki/Soko_languages" title="Soko languages">Soko languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lengola_language" title="Lengola language">Lengola language</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>D10-20-30-40-JD50: <a href="/wiki/Mbole%E2%80%93Enya_languages" title="Mbole–Enya languages">Mbole–Enya languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komo%E2%80%93Bira_languages" title="Komo–Bira languages">Komo–Bira languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shi%E2%80%93Havu_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi–Havu languages">Shi–Havu languages</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Other <a href="/wiki/Computational_phylogenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Computational phylogenetic">computational phylogenetic</a> analyses of Bantu include Currie et al. (2013),<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grollemund et al. (2015),<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rexova et al. 2006,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holden et al., 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Whiteley et al. 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glottolog_classification">Glottolog classification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Glottolog classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a> (<b>2021</b>) does not consider the older geographic classification by Guthrie relevant for its ongoing classification based on more recent linguistic studies, and divides Bantu into four main branches: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_A-B10-B20-B30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bantu A-B10-B20-B30 (page does not exist)">Bantu A-B10-B20-B30</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central-Western_Bantu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central-Western Bantu (page does not exist)">Central-Western Bantu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Bantu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Bantu (page does not exist)">East Bantu</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mbam-Bube-Jarawan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mbam-Bube-Jarawan (page does not exist)">Mbam-Bube-Jarawan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_structure">Language structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Language structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guthrie reconstructed both the phonemic inventory and the vocabulary of Proto-Bantu.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most prominent <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammatical</a> characteristic of Bantu languages is the extensive use of <a href="/wiki/Affix" title="Affix">affixes</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Sotho_grammar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotho grammar">Sotho grammar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luganda#Noun_classes" title="Luganda">Ganda noun classes</a> for detailed discussions of these affixes). Each noun belongs to a <a href="/wiki/Noun_class" title="Noun class">class</a>, and each language may have several numbered classes, somewhat like <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">grammatical gender</a> in European languages. The class is indicated by a prefix that is part of the noun, as well as agreement markers on verb and qualificative roots connected with the noun. Plurality is indicated by a change of class, with a resulting change of prefix.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All Bantu languages are <a href="/wiki/Agglutinative" class="mw-redirect" title="Agglutinative">agglutinative</a>. </p><p>The verb has a number of prefixes, though in the western languages these are often treated as independent words.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>, for example, <i>Kitoto kidogo kimekisoma</i> (for comparison, <i>Kamwana kadoko karikuverenga</i> in <a href="/wiki/Shona_language" title="Shona language">Shona language</a>) means 'The small child has read it [a book]'. <i>kitoto</i> 'child' governs the adjective prefix <i>ki-</i> (representing the diminutive form of the word) and the verb subject prefix <i>a-</i>. Then comes perfect tense <i>-me-</i> and an object marker <i>-ki-</i> agreeing with implicit <i>kitabu</i> 'book' (from Arabic <i>kitab</i>). Pluralizing to 'children' gives <i>Vitoto vidogo vimekisoma</i> (<i>Vana vadoko varikuverenga</i> in Shona), and <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">pluralizing</a> to 'books' (<i>vitabu</i>) gives <i>vitoto vidogo vimevisoma</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bantu words are typically made up of <a href="/wiki/Syllable#Coda" title="Syllable">open syllables</a> of the type CV (consonant-vowel) with most languages having syllables exclusively of this type. The <a href="/wiki/Bushong_language" title="Bushong language">Bushong language</a> recorded by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Vansina" title="Jan Vansina">Vansina</a>, however, has final consonants,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while slurring of the final syllable (though written) is reported as common among the <a href="/wiki/Tonga_(Nyasa)_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonga (Nyasa) language">Tonga</a> of Malawi.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The morphological shape of Bantu words is typically CV, VCV, CVCV, VCVCV, etc.; that is, any combination of CV (with possibly a V- syllable at the start). In other words, a strong claim for this language family is that almost all words end in a vowel, precisely because closed syllables (CVC) are not permissible in most of the documented languages, as far as is understood.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This tendency to avoid <a href="/wiki/Consonant_cluster" title="Consonant cluster">consonant clusters</a> in some positions is important when words are imported from <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> or other non-Bantu languages. An example from <a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chewa</a>: the word "school", borrowed from English, and then transformed to fit the sound patterns of this language, is <i>sukulu</i>. That is, <i>sk-</i> has been broken up by inserting an <a href="/wiki/Epenthesis" title="Epenthesis">epenthetic</a> <i>-u-</i>; <i>-u</i> has also been added at the end of the word. Another example is <i>buledi</i> for "bread". Similar effects are seen in <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a> for other non-African CV languages like <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>. However, a clustering of sounds at the beginning of a syllable can be readily observed in such languages as Shona,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Makua_languages" title="Makua languages">Makua languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With few exceptions, such as <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Kiswahili</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tooro_language" title="Tooro language">Rutooro</a>, Bantu languages are <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tonal</a> and have two to four register tones. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reduplication">Reduplication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reduplication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Reduplication" title="Reduplication">Reduplication</a> is a common morphological phenomenon in Bantu languages and is usually used to indicate frequency or intensity of the action signalled by the (unreduplicated) verb stem.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Example: in Swahili, <i>piga</i> means "strike", <i>pigapiga</i> means "strike repeatedly".</li></ul> <p>Well-known words and names that have reduplication include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa national football team">Bafana Bafana</a>, a football team</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia_national_football_team" title="Zambia national football team">Chipolopolo</a>, a football team</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Djemba-Djemba" title="Eric Djemba-Djemba">Eric Djemba-Djemba</a>, a footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomana_LuaLua" title="Lomana LuaLua">Lomana LuaLua</a>, a footballer</li></ul> <p>Repetition emphasizes the repeated word in the context that it is used. For instance, "Mwenda pole hajikwai," means "He who goes slowly doesn't trip," while, "Pole pole ndio mwendo," means "A slow but steady pace wins the race." The latter repeats "pole" to emphasize the consistency of slowness of the pace. </p><p>As another example, "Haraka haraka" would mean "hurrying just for the sake of hurrying" (reckless hurry), as in "Njoo! Haraka haraka" [come here! Hurry, hurry]. </p><p>In contrast, there are some words in some of the languages in which reduplication has the opposite meaning. It usually denotes short durations, or lower intensity of the action, and also means a few repetitions or a little bit more. </p> <ul><li>Example 1: In Xi<a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">tsonga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shona_language" title="Shona language">(Chi)Shona</a>, <i>famba</i> means "walk" while <i>famba-famba</i> means "walk around".</li> <li>Example 2: in <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">isiZulu</a> and Si<a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swati</a> <i>hamba</i> means "go", <i>hambahamba</i> means "go a little bit, but not much".</li> <li>Example 3: in both of the above languages <i>shaya</i> means "strike", <i>shayashaya</i> means "strike a few more times lightly, but not heavy strikes and not too many times".</li> <li>Example 4: In <a href="/wiki/ChiShona" class="mw-redirect" title="ChiShona">Shona</a> <i><i lang="sn"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kwenya#Shona" class="extiw" title="wikt:kwenya">kwenya</a></i></i> means "scratch", <i>Kwenyakwenya</i> means "scratch excessively or a lot".</li> <li>Example 5: In <a href="/wiki/Luhya_language" title="Luhya language">Luhya</a> <i>cheenda</i> means "walk",<i> cheendacheenda</i> means "take a walk but not far off", as in buying time before something is ready or a situation or time is right.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noun_class">Noun class</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Noun class"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a list of nominal classes in Bantu languages:<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Singular classes </th> <th colspan="2">Plural classes </th> <th rowspan="2">Typical meaning(s) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number</th> <th>Prefix </th> <th>Number</th> <th>Prefix </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><i>*mʊ-</i> </td> <td>2</td> <td><i>*ba-</i> </td> <td>Humans, animate </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><i>*mu-</i> </td> <td>4</td> <td><i>*mi-</i> </td> <td>Plants, inanimate </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><i>*dɪ-</i> </td> <td>6</td> <td><i>*ma-</i> </td> <td>Various; class 6 for liquids (<a href="/wiki/Mass_noun" title="Mass noun">mass nouns</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><i>*ki-</i> </td> <td>8</td> <td><i>*bɪ-</i> </td> <td>Various, diminutives, manner/way/language </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><i>*n-</i> </td> <td>10</td> <td><i>*n-</i> </td> <td>Animals, inanimate </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><i>*du-</i> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>Abstract nouns </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><i>*ka-</i> </td> <td>13</td> <td><i>*tu-</i> </td> <td>Diminutives </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><i>*bu-</i> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="6"> </td> <td>Abstract nouns </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><i>*ku-</i> </td> <td>Infinitives </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><i>*pa-</i> </td> <td>Locatives (proximal, exact) </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><i>*ku-</i> </td> <td>Locatives (distal, approximate) </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><i>*mu-</i> </td> <td>Locatives (interior) </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><i>*pɪ-</i> </td> <td>Diminutives </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syntax">Syntax</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Syntax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virtually all Bantu languages have a <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–verb–object">subject–verb–object</a> word order, with some exceptions, such as the <a href="/wiki/Nen_language_(Cameroon)" title="Nen language (Cameroon)">Nen language</a>, which has a <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–object–verb">subject–object–verb</a> word order.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_country">By country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bantu_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bantu peoples">List of Bantu peoples</a></div> <p>Following is an incomplete list of the principal Bantu languages of each country.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Included are those languages that constitute at least 1% of the population and have at least 10% the number of speakers of the largest Bantu language in the country. </p><p>Most languages are referred to in English without the class prefix (<i>Swahili</i>, <i>Tswana</i>, <i>Ndebele</i>), but are sometimes seen with the (language-specific) prefix (<i>Kiswahili</i>, <i>Setswana</i>, <i>Sindebele</i>). In a few cases prefixes are used to distinguish languages with the same root in their name, such as <a href="/wiki/Luba-Kasai_language" title="Luba-Kasai language">Tshiluba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luba-Katanga_language" title="Luba-Katanga language">Kiluba</a> (both <i>Luba</i>), <a href="/wiki/Umbundu" title="Umbundu">Umbundu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kimbundu" title="Kimbundu">Kimbundu</a> (both <i>Mbundu</i>). The prefixless form typically does not occur in the language itself, but is the basis for other words based on the ethnicity. So, in the country of <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> the people are the <i><a href="/wiki/Tswana_people" title="Tswana people">Batswana</a></i>, one person is a <i>Motswana</i>, and the language is <i><a href="/wiki/Setswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Setswana">Setswana</a></i>; and in <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, centred on the kingdom of <i><a href="/wiki/Buganda" title="Buganda">Buganda</a></i>, the dominant ethnicity are the <i><a href="/wiki/Baganda" title="Baganda">Baganda</a></i> (singular <i>Muganda</i>), whose language is <i><a href="/wiki/Luganda" title="Luganda">Luganda</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lingua_franca">Lingua franca</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lingua franca"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> (Kiswahili) (350,000; tens of millions as L2)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Angola">Angola</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Angola"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umbundu" title="Umbundu">South Mbundu</a> (Umbundu) (4 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimbundu" title="Kimbundu">Central North Mbundu</a> (Kimbundu) (3 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikongo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kikongo">North Bakongo</a> (Kikongo) (576,800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Ovambo (Ambo)</a> (Oshiwambo) (500,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luvale_language" title="Luvale language">Luvale</a> (Chiluvale) (500,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokwe_language" title="Chokwe language">Chokwe</a> (Chichokwe) (500,000)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Botswana">Botswana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Botswana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a> (Setswana) (1.6 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanga_language" title="Kalanga language">Kalanga</a> (Ikalanga) (150,000)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burundi">Burundi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Burundi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Swahili is a recognized national language</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirundi" title="Kirundi">Kirundi</a> (8.5 – 10.5 million)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cameroon">Cameroon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cameroon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beti_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Beti language">Beti</a> (1.7 million: 900,000 <a href="/wiki/Bulu_language" title="Bulu language">Bulu</a>, 600,000 <a href="/wiki/Ewondo_language" title="Ewondo language">Ewondo</a>, 120,000 <a href="/wiki/Fang_language" title="Fang language">Fang</a>, 60,000 <a href="/wiki/Eton_language" title="Eton language">Eton</a>, 30,000 Bebele)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basaa_language" title="Basaa language">Basaa</a> (230,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duala_language" title="Duala language">Duala</a> (350,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manenguba_languages" title="Manenguba languages">Manenguba languages</a> (230,000)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_African_Republic">Central African Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Central African Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mbati_language" title="Mbati language">Mbati</a> (60,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aka_language" title="Aka language">Aka</a> (30,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pande_language" title="Pande language">Pande</a> (8,870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngando_language_(Central_African_Republic)" title="Ngando language (Central African Republic)">Ngando</a> (5,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukhwejo_language" title="Ukhwejo language">Ukhwejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kako_language" title="Kako language">Kako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpiemo_language" title="Mpiemo language">Mpiemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_language_(Bantu)" title="Bodo language (Bantu)">Bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kari_language" title="Kari language">Kari</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comoros">Comoros</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Comoros"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shingazija" class="mw-redirect" title="Shingazija">Shingazija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shindzuani" class="mw-redirect" title="Shindzuani">Shindzuani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimwali" class="mw-redirect" title="Shimwali">Shimwali</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Democratic Republic of the Congo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Swahili is a recognized national language</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingala" title="Lingala">Lingala (Ngala)</a> (2 million; 7 million with L2 speakers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luba-Kasai_language" title="Luba-Kasai language">Luba-Kasai</a> (Tshiluba) (6.5 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kituba_language" title="Kituba language">Kituba</a> (4.5 million), a Bantu creole</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Kongo</a> (Kikongo) (3.5 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luba-Katanga_language" title="Luba-Katanga language">Luba-Katanga</a> (Kiluba) (1.5+ million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songe_language" title="Songe language">Songe</a> (Lusonge) (1+ million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nande_language" title="Nande language">Nande</a> (Orundandi) (1 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetela_language" title="Tetela language">Tetela</a> (Otetela) (800,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaka_language_(Congo%E2%80%93Angola)" title="Yaka language (Congo–Angola)">Yaka</a> (Iyaka) (700,000+)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_language" title="Shi language">Shi</a> (700,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Yombe</a> (Kiyombe) (670,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lele_language_(Bantu)" title="Lele language (Bantu)">Lele (Bashilele)</a> (26,000)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equatorial_Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Equatorial Guinea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beti_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Beti language">Beti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fang_language" title="Fang language">Fang</a>) (300,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bube_language" title="Bube language">Bube</a> (40,000)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eswatini">Eswatini</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Eswatini"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swati_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Swati language">Swazi</a> (Siswati) (1 million)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gabon">Gabon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Gabon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baka_language" title="Baka language">Baka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barama_language" title="Barama language">Barama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekwel_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bekwel language">Bekwel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benga_language" title="Benga language">Benga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bubi language">Bubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwisi_language" title="Bwisi language">Bwisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duma_language" title="Duma language">Duma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_language" title="Fang language">Fang</a> (500,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kande_language" title="Kande language">Kendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaningi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaningi language">Kanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sake_language" title="Sake language">Sake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangu_language_(Gabon)" title="Sangu language (Gabon)">Sangu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seki_language" title="Seki language">Seki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sighu_language" title="Sighu language">Sighu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Simba language">Simba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sira_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sira language">Sira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Teke_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Teke language">Northern Teke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Teke_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Teke language">Western Teke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsaangi_language" title="Tsaangi language">Tsaangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsogo_language" title="Tsogo language">Tsogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vili_language" title="Vili language">Vili</a> (3,600)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vumbu_language" title="Vumbu language">Vumbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandji_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Wandji language">Wandji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wumbvu_language" title="Wumbvu language">Wumbvu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangho language">Yangho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasa_language" title="Yasa language">Yasa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_language" title="Sidi language">Sidi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kenya">Kenya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Kenya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Swahili is the national language. English and Swahili are official languages.</i><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_language" title="Kikuyu language">Gikuyu</a> (8 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhya_language" title="Luhya language">Luhya</a> (6.8 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_language" title="Kamba language">Kamba</a> (4 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meru_language" title="Meru language">Meru</a> (Kimeru) (2.7 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gusii_language" title="Gusii language">Gusii</a> (2 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_language" title="Mijikenda language">Mijikenda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Giriama_people" title="Giriama people">Giriama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kambe_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Kambe dialect">Kambe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ribe_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribe dialect">Ribe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabai_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabai dialect">Rabai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kauma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kauma language">Kauma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chonyi_language" title="Chonyi language">Chonyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jibana_people" title="Jibana people">Jibana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digo_people" title="Digo people">Digo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duruma_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Duruma dialect">Duruma</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taita_language" title="Taita language">Taita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiembu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiembu language">Embu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbeere_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbeere language">Mbeere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokomo_language" title="Pokomo language">Pokomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuria_people" title="Kuria people">Kuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Kenya)" title="Suba people (Kenya)">Suba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_people" title="Swahili people">Swahili</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lesotho">Lesotho</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Lesotho"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Sesotho</a> (1.8 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a> (Isizulu) (300,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Madagascar">Madagascar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Madagascar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shimaore" class="mw-redirect" title="Shimaore">Shimaore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shindzuani" class="mw-redirect" title="Shindzuani">Shindzuani</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malawi">Malawi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Malawi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chewa (Nyanja)</a> (Chichewa) (7 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_language" title="Tumbuka language">Tumbuka</a> (1 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_language" title="Yao language">Yao</a> (1 million)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayotte">Mayotte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Mayotte"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shimaore" class="mw-redirect" title="Shimaore">Shimaore</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mozambique">Mozambique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Mozambique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Swahili is a recognized national language</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makhuwa_language" title="Makhuwa language">Makhuwa</a> (4 million; 7.4 million all <a href="/wiki/Makua_languages" title="Makua languages">Makua</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a> (Xitsonga) (3.1 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndau_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndau language">Shona (Ndau)</a> (1.6 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomwe_language" title="Lomwe language">Lomwe</a> (1.5 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sena_language" title="Sena language">Sena</a> (1.3 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tswa_language" title="Tswa language">Tswa</a> (1.2 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuwabu_language" title="Chuwabu language">Chuwabu</a> (1.0 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopi_language" title="Chopi language">Chopi</a> (800,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronga_language" title="Ronga language">Ronga</a> (700,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chewa (Nyanja)</a> (Chichewa) (600,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_language" title="Yao language">Yao</a> (Chiyao) (500,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyungwe_language" title="Nyungwe language">Nyungwe</a> (Cinyungwe/Nhungue)(400,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga_language_(Zambia_and_Zimbabwe)" title="Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)">Tonga</a> (400,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makonde_language" title="Makonde language">Makonde</a> (400,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathembo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathembo">Nathembo</a> (25,000)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Namibia">Namibia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Namibia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Ovambo (Ambo, Oshiwambo)</a> (1,500,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herero_language" title="Herero language">Herero</a> (200,000)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Nigeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarawa_language_(Nigeria)" title="Jarawa language (Nigeria)">Jarawa</a> (250,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbula-Bwazza_language" title="Mbula-Bwazza language">Mbula-Bwazza</a> (100,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulung_language_(Jarawan)" title="Kulung language (Jarawan)">Kulung</a> (40,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bile_language" title="Bile language">Bile</a> (38,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lame_language" title="Lame language">Lame</a> (10,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mama_language" title="Mama language">Mama</a> (2,000–3,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiki_language" title="Shiki language">Shiki</a> (1,200)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwa_language" title="Gwa language">Gwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labir_language" title="Labir language">Labir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulbu_language" title="Dulbu language">Dulbu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_language" title="Sidi language">Sidi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_the_Congo">Republic of the Congo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Republic of the Congo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kituba_language" title="Kituba language">Kituba</a> (1.2+ million) [a Bantu creole]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Kongo</a> (Kikongo) (1.0 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teke_languages" title="Teke languages">Teke languages</a> (500,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Yombe</a> (350,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suundi_language" title="Suundi language">Suundi</a> (120,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mboshi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mboshi language">Mbosi</a> (110,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingala" title="Lingala">Lingala</a> (100,000; ? L2 speakers)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rwanda">Rwanda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Rwanda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Swahili, Kinyarwanda, English, and French are official languages</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinyarwanda" title="Kinyarwanda">Kinyarwanda</a> (Kinyarwanda) (10 – 12 million)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Somalia">Somalia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Somalia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> (Mwini dialect)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravanese_dialect" title="Bravanese dialect">Chimwini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigula_language" title="Zigula language">Mushungulu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Census_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="South African National Census of 2011">South African National Census of 2011</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-SAC_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAC-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (July 2017)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a> (Isizulu) (11,587,374<sup id="cite_ref-SAC_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAC-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a> (Isixhosa) (8,154,258<sup id="cite_ref-SAC_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAC-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedi language">Sepedi</a> (4,618,576<sup id="cite_ref-SAC_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAC-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a> (Setswana) (4,067,248<sup id="cite_ref-SAC_47-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAC-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Sotho</a> (Sesotho) (3,849,563<sup id="cite_ref-SAC_47-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAC-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a> (Xitsonga) (2,277,148<sup id="cite_ref-SAC_47-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAC-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swazi</a> (Siswati) (1,297,046<sup id="cite_ref-SAC_47-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAC-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venda_language" title="Venda language">Venda</a> (Tshivenda) (1,209,388<sup id="cite_ref-SAC_47-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAC-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ndebele_language" title="Southern Ndebele language">Southern Ndebele</a> (Transvaal Ndebele) (1,090,223<sup id="cite_ref-SAC_47-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAC-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) <ul><li>Total <a href="/wiki/Nguni_languages" title="Nguni languages">Nguni</a>: 22,406,049 (61.98%)</li> <li>Total <a href="/wiki/Sotho-Tswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotho-Tswana">Sotho-Tswana</a>: 13,744,775 (38.02%)</li> <li>Total official indigenous language speakers: 36,150,824 (69.83%<sup id="cite_ref-SAC_47-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAC-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tanzania">Tanzania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Tanzania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Swahili is the national language</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukuma_language" title="Sukuma language">Sukuma</a> (5.5 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogo_language" title="Gogo language">Gogo</a> (1.5 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haya_language" title="Haya language">Haya</a> (Kihaya) (1.3 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaga_languages" title="Chaga languages">Chaga</a> (Kichaga) (1.2+ million : 600,000 Mochi, 300,000+ Machame, 300,000+ Vunjo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyamwezi_language" title="Nyamwezi language">Nyamwezi</a> (1.0 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makonde_language" title="Makonde language">Makonde</a> (1.0 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha_language" title="Ha language">Ha</a> (1.0 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyakyusa_language" title="Nyakyusa language">Nyakyusa</a> (800,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hehe_language" title="Hehe language">Hehe</a> (800,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luguru_language" title="Luguru language">Luguru</a> (700,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bena_language" title="Bena language">Bena</a> (600,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shambala_language" title="Shambala language">Shambala</a> (650,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turu_language" title="Turu language">Nyaturu</a> (600,000)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uganda">Uganda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Uganda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Swahili and English are official languages</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luganda" title="Luganda">Luganda</a> (9,295,300)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkore_language" title="Nkore language">Runyankore</a> (4,436,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soga_language" title="Soga language">Lusoga</a> (3,904,600)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiga_language" title="Kiga language">Rukiga</a> (3,129,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masaba_language" title="Masaba language">Masaba</a> (Lumasaba) (2.7 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyoro_language" title="Nyoro language">Runyoro</a> (1,273,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konjo_language_(Bantu)" title="Konjo language (Bantu)">Konjo</a> (1,118,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooro_language" title="Tooro language">Rutooro</a> (1,111,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwere_language" title="Gwere language">Lugwere</a> (816,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinyarwanda" title="Kinyarwanda">Kinyarwanda</a> (750,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samia_language" title="Samia language">Samia</a> (684,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruuli_language" title="Ruuli language">Ruuli</a> (250,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talinga_language" title="Talinga language">Talinga Bwisi</a> (133,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gungu_language" title="Gungu language">Gungu</a> (110,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amba_language_(Bantu)" title="Amba language (Bantu)">Amba</a> (56,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singa_language" title="Singa language">Singa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yemen">Yemen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Yemen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socotra_Swahili_language" title="Socotra Swahili language">Socotra Swahili</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zambia">Zambia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Zambia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aushi_language" title="Aushi language">Aushi</a> (Unknown)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bemba_language" title="Bemba language">Bemba</a> (3.3 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga_language_(Zambia_and_Zimbabwe)" title="Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)">Tonga</a> (1.0 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chewa (Nyanja)</a> (Chichewa) (800,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaonde_language" title="Kaonde language">Kaonde</a> (240,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozi_language" title="Lozi language">Lozi</a> (Silozi) (600,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala-Bisa_language" title="Lala-Bisa language">Lala-Bisa</a> (600,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsenga_language" title="Nsenga language">Nsenga</a> (550,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_language" title="Tumbuka language">Tumbuka</a> (Chitumbuka) (500,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunda_language" title="Lunda language">Lunda</a> (450,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyiha_language" title="Nyiha language">Nyiha</a> (400,000+)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambwe-Lungu_language" title="Mambwe-Lungu language">Mambwe-Lungu</a> (400,000)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Zimbabwe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shona_language" title="Shona language">Shona languages</a> (15 million incl. Karanga, Zezuru, Korekore, Ndau, Manyika)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_language" title="Northern Ndebele language">Northern Ndebele</a> (IsiNdebele) (estimated 2 million)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga_language_(Zambia_and_Zimbabwe)" title="Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chewa/ Nyanja</a> (Chichewa/ChiNyanja)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venda_language" title="Venda language">Venda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanga_language" title="Kalanga language">Kalanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_areas">Geographic areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Geographic areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Map 1 shows Bantu languages in Africa and map 2 a magnification of the Benin, Nigeria and Cameroon area, as of July 2017.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:618px;max-width:618px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Niger-Congo_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Niger-Congo_map.png/300px-Niger-Congo_map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Niger-Congo_map.png/450px-Niger-Congo_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Niger-Congo_map.png/600px-Niger-Congo_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1207" data-file-height="1139" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nigeria_Benin_Cameroon_languages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nigeria_Benin_Cameroon_languages.png/310px-Nigeria_Benin_Cameroon_languages.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nigeria_Benin_Cameroon_languages.png/465px-Nigeria_Benin_Cameroon_languages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nigeria_Benin_Cameroon_languages.png/620px-Nigeria_Benin_Cameroon_languages.png 2x" data-file-width="1522" data-file-height="1388" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Localization of the Niger–Congo languages</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bantu_words_popularised_in_western_cultures">Bantu words popularised in western cultures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Bantu words popularised in western cultures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A case has been made out for borrowings of many place-names and even misremembered rhymes – chiefly from one of the <a href="/wiki/Luban_languages" title="Luban languages">Luba</a> varieties – in the USA.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some words from various Bantu languages have been borrowed into western languages. These include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bantu_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Bantu languages">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boma" class="extiw" title="wikt:boma">Boma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Ecuador)" title="Bomba (Ecuador)">Bomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_drum" title="Bongo drum">Bongos</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bwana" class="extiw" title="wikt:bwana">Bwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">Chimpanzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumbo" title="Gumbo">Gumbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuna_matata" title="Hakuna matata">Hakuna matata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impala" title="Impala">Impala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indaba" title="Indaba">Indaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenga" title="Jenga">Jenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jilo">Jilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumbo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jumbo (disambiguation)">Jumbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbira" title="Mbira">Kalimba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwanzaa" title="Kwanzaa">Kwanzaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamba" title="Mamba">Mamba</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mambo" class="extiw" title="wikt:mambo">Mambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbira" title="Mbira">Mbira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba">Marimba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumba" title="Rumba">Rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari" title="Safari">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">Samba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba" title="Simba">Simba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_philosophy" title="Ubuntu philosophy">Ubuntu</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_systems">Writing systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Writing systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a> orthographies, there are also some modern indigenous writing systems used for Bantu languages: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mwangwego alphabet">Mwangwego alphabet</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a> created in 1979 that is sometimes used to write the <a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chewa language</a> and other languages of <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe script</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a> that is used to write the Bantu <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, mainly by the <a href="/wiki/Kimbanguist" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimbanguist">Kimbanguist</a> movement.</li> <li>The Isibheqe Sohlamvu or <a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a> script is a <a href="/wiki/Featural_writing_system" title="Featural writing system">featural</a> syllabary used to write the Sintu or <a href="/wiki/Southern_Bantu_languages" title="Southern Bantu languages">Southern Bantu languages</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meeussen%27s_rule" title="Meeussen's rule">Meeussen's rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguni_languages" title="Nguni languages">Nguni languages</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Proto-Bantu_Swadesh_list" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:Proto-Bantu Swadesh list">Proto-Bantu Swadesh list</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0"><bdi>978-1-4058-8118-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2011" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (2011). <a href="/wiki/Peter_Roach_(phonetician)" title="Peter Roach (phonetician)">Roach, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jane_Setter" title="Jane Setter">Setter, Jane</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Esling" title="John Esling">Esling, John</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary</a></i> (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6"><bdi>978-0-521-15255-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.edition=18th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-15255-6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Guthrie (1967–71) names some 440 Bantu 'varieties', Grimes (2000) has 501 (minus a few 'extinct' or 'almost extinct'), Bastin <i>et al.</i> (1999) have 542, Maho (this volume) has some 660, and Mann <i>et al.</i> (1987) have <i>c.</i> 680." Derek Nurse, 2006, "Bantu Languages", in the <i>Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics</i>, p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=73-16">:Ethnologue report for Southern Bantoid"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016142546/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=73-16">Archived</a> 2012-10-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> lists a total of 535 languages. The count includes 13 <a href="/wiki/Mbam_languages" title="Mbam languages">Mbam languages</a>, which are not always included under "Narrow Bantu".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McWhorter, J. 2001. <i>The Power of Babel</i> (pp. 81–82). New York: Freeman-Times-Henry Holt.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOvertonWalkerRobinson2017a" class="citation book cs1">Overton, Rebekah; Walker, John B.; Robinson, Holly (2017a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/73084"><i>Kabwa orthography statement</i></a>. SIL International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209193306/https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/73084">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kabwa+orthography+statement&rft.pub=SIL+International&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Overton&rft.aufirst=Rebekah&rft.au=Walker%2C+John+B.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+Holly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.org%2Fresources%2Farchives%2F73084&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Total population cannot be established with any accuracy due to the unavailability of precise census data from Sub-Saharan Africa. A number just above 200 million was cited in the early 2000s (see <a href="/wiki/File:Niger-Congo_speakers.png" title="File:Niger-Congo speakers.png">Niger-Congo languages: subgroups and numbers of speakers</a> for a 2007 compilation of data from <a href="/wiki/SIL_Ethnologue" class="mw-redirect" title="SIL Ethnologue">SIL Ethnologue</a>, citing 210 million). Population estimates for the region of West-Central Africa were recognized as significantly too low by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a> in 2015 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626225001/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf">"World Population Prospects: The 2016 Revision – Key Findings and Advance Tables"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division. July 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects%3A+The+2016+Revision+%E2%80%93+Key+Findings+and+Advance+Tables&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Funpd%2Fwpp%2FPublications%2FFiles%2FWPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span>). <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Africa#Population_growth" title="Demographics of Africa">Population growth</a> in Central-West Africa as of 2015 is estimated at between 2.5% and 2.8% p.a., for an annual increase of the Bantu population by about 8 to 10 million.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/swh">"Swahili"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180808104736/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/swh">Archived</a> 2018-08-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Ethnologue</i> (18th ed., 2015): "47,000,000 in Tanzania, all users. L1 users: 15,000,000 (2012), increasing. L2 users: 32,000,000 (2015 D. Nurse). Total users in all countries: 98,310,110 (as L1: 16,010,110; as L2: 82,300,000)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Z.Thamba-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Z.Thamba_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimbabwe2021" class="citation journal cs1">Zimbabwe, AmaXhosa (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gal-dem.com/xhosa-people-of-zimbabwe-indigenous-south-africans-displaced-by-colonialism/">"AmaXhosa"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230720175051/https://gal-dem.com/xhosa-people-of-zimbabwe-indigenous-south-africans-displaced-by-colonialism/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=AmaXhosa&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Zimbabwe&rft.aufirst=AmaXhosa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgal-dem.com%2Fxhosa-people-of-zimbabwe-indigenous-south-africans-displaced-by-colonialism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/sna">"Ethnologue: Shona"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228181311/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/sna">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-12-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnologue%3A+Shona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fsna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size">"Statistical Summaries"</a>. Ethnologue. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130202224556/http://www.ethnologue.com/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-02-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Summaries&rft.pub=Ethnologue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fethno_docs%2Fdistribution.asp%3Fby%3Dsize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Blench, <i>Archaeology, Language, and the African Past</i> (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=esFy3Po57A8C&pg=PA119">p. 119</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627091227/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=esFy3Po57A8C&lpg=PP1&hl=de&pg=PA119">Archived</a> 2018-06-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverstein1968" class="citation journal cs1">Silverstein, Raymond O. (January 1968). "A note on the term 'Bantu' as first used by W. H. I. Bleek". <i>African Studies</i>. <b>27</b> (4): 211–212. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00020186808707298">10.1080/00020186808707298</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Studies&rft.atitle=A+note+on+the+term+%27Bantu%27+as+first+used+by+W.+H.+I.+Bleek&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=211-212&rft.date=1968-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00020186808707298&rft.aulast=Silverstein&rft.aufirst=Raymond+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. K. Herbert and R. Bailey in Rajend Mesthrie (ed.), <i>Language in South Africa</i> (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cqaGb_SEQHUC&pg=PA50">p. 50</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627091217/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=cqaGb_SEQHUC&pg=PA50">Archived</a> 2018-06-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Studies in African Linguistics</i>: Supplement, Issues 3–4, Department of Linguistics and the African Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles (1969), p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joshua Wantate Sempebwa, <i>The Ontological and Normative Structure in the Social Reality of a Bantu Society: A Systematic Study of Ganda Ontology and Ethics</i>, 1978, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Addendum". <i>South African Journal of African Languages</i>. <b>4</b> (Suppl 1): 120. 1 January 1984. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02572117.1984.10587452">10.1080/02572117.1984.10587452</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Journal+of+African+Languages&rft.atitle=Addendum&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.pages=120&rft.date=1984-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02572117.1984.10587452&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Molefi_Kete_Asante" title="Molefi Kete Asante">Molefi Kete Asante</a>, Ama Mazama, <i>Encyclopedia of African Religion</i> (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B667ATiedQkC&pg=PT173">p. 173</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627091157/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=B667ATiedQkC&pg=PT173">Archived</a> 2018-06-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David William Cohen, <i>The Historical Tradition of Busoga, Mukama and Kintu</i> (1972). Joseph B. R. Gaie, Sana Mmolai, <i>The Concept of Botho and HIV/AIDS in Botswana</i> (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ieiT9tZMqBgC&pg=PA2">p. 2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627091129/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ieiT9tZMqBgC&pg=PA2">Archived</a> 2018-06-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">as in Noverino N. Canonici, <i>A Manual of Comparative Kintu Studies</i>, Zulu Language and Literature, University of Natal (1994).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seidensticker-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Seidensticker_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeidensticker2024" class="citation journal cs1">Seidensticker, Dirk (28 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-024-09576-7">"Pikunda-Munda and Batalimo-Maluba Archaeological Investigations of the Iron Age Settlement History of the Western and Northern Congo Basin"</a>. <i>African Archaeological Review</i>. <b>41</b> (2): 5–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-024-09576-7">10.1007/s10437-024-09576-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338">0263-0338</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10194943180">10194943180</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:268802330">268802330</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Archaeological+Review&rft.atitle=Pikunda-Munda+and+Batalimo-Maluba+Archaeological+Investigations+of+the+Iron+Age+Settlement+History+of+the+Western+and+Northern+Congo+Basin&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=5-6&rft.date=2024-03-28&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10194943180&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A268802330%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0263-0338&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10437-024-09576-7&rft.aulast=Seidensticker&rft.aufirst=Dirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10437-024-09576-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adler-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adler_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adler_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip J. Adler, Randall L. Pouwels, <i>World Civilizations: To 1700 Volume 1 of World Civilizations</i>, (Cengage Learning: 2007), p.169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Falola-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Falola_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toyin Falola, Aribidesi Adisa Usman, <i>Movements, borders, and identities in Africa</i>, (University Rochester Press: 2009), p.4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gemma Berniell-Lee et al, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/7/1581.abstract">"Genetic and Demographic Implications of the Bantu Expansion: Insights from Human Paternal Lineages"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110416143255/http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/7/1581.abstract">Archived</a> 2011-04-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Oxford Journals</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBostoen,_Koen2004" class="citation book cs1">Bostoen, Koen (2004). <i>Linguistics for the use of African history and the comparative study of Bantu pottery vocabulary</i>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/803473571">803473571</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Linguistics+for+the+use+of+African+history+and+the+comparative+study+of+Bantu+pottery+vocabulary&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F803473571&rft.au=Bostoen%2C+Koen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(cf. Piron 1995, Williamson & Blench 2000, Blench 2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalby1976" class="citation journal cs1">Dalby, David (January 1976). "The Prehistorical Implications of Guthrie's Comparative Bantu. Part II: Interpretation of Cultural Vocabulary". <i>The Journal of African History</i>. <b>17</b> (1): 1–27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0021853700014742">10.1017/s0021853700014742</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8537">0021-8537</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163068049">163068049</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+African+History&rft.atitle=The+Prehistorical+Implications+of+Guthrie%27s+Comparative+Bantu.+Part+II%3A+Interpretation+of+Cultural+Vocabulary&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-27&rft.date=1976-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163068049%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0021-8537&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0021853700014742&rft.aulast=Dalby&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Guthrie, Tervuren, and SIL lists are compared side by side in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325021837/http://www.african.gu.se/maho/downloads/bantulineup.pdf">Maho 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammarströmForkeHaspelmathBank2020" class="citation web cs1">Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/narr1281">"Narrow Bantu"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a> 4.3</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201104105022/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/narr1281">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Glottolog+4.3&rft.atitle=Narrow+Bantu&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fnarr1281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:5_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bryan, M.A.(compiled by), <i>The Bantu Languages of Africa</i>. Published for the International African Institute, Oxford University Press, 1959.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grollemund, Rebecca. 2012. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.evolution.reading.ac.uk/~vy904310/pdf/Grollemund_2012_classification%20bantu%20NO.pdf">Nouvelles approches en classification : Application aux langues bantu du Nord-Ouest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200618162850/http://www.evolution.reading.ac.uk/~vy904310/pdf/Grollemund_2012_classification%20bantu%20NO.pdf">Archived</a> 2020-06-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Ph.D Dissertation, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, 550 pp.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Currie, Thomas E., Andrew Meade, Myrtille Guillon, Ruth Mace (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/280/1762/20130695">"Cultural phylogeography of the Bantu Languages of sub-Saharan Africa"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718205704/http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/280/1762/20130695">Archived</a> 2018-07-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>, 2013, Volume 280, issue 1762 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2013.0695">10.1098/rspb.2013.0695</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grollemund, Rebecca Simon Branford, Koen Bostoen, Andrew Meade, Chris Venditti, and Mark Pagel (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/112/43/13296">"Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718213510/http://www.pnas.org/content/112/43/13296">Archived</a> 2018-07-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. PNAS October 27, 2015. 112 (43), 13296–13301. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1503793112">10.1073/pnas.1503793112</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rexová, K., Bastin, Y., Frynta, D. 2006. "Cladistic analysis of Bantu languages: a new tree based on combined lexical and grammatical data". <i>Naturwissenschaften</i> 93, 189–194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holden, C., Meade, A., Pagel, M. 2016. "Comparison of MP and Bayesian Bantu Trees" (Chp. 4). In: <i>The Evolution of Cultural Diversity: a Phylogenetic Approach</i>, Ruth Mace, Clare Holden, Stephen Shennan (eds.)(Amazon Look Inside)(in Britain 1st published by UCL Press, 2005).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiteley, P.M., Ming Xue, Wheeler, W.C. 2018. Revising the Bantu tree. Cladistics, 1–20 (amnh.org).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/narr1281">"Glottolog 4.5 – Narrow Bantu"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201104105022/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/narr1281">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glottolog+4.5+%E2%80%93+Narrow+Bantu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fnarr1281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Derek Nurse, 2008. <i>Tense and aspect in Bantu</i>, p 70 (fn). In many of the Zone A, including <a href="/wiki/Mbam_languages" title="Mbam languages">Mbam</a>, the verbs are clearly analytic.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vansina, J. <i>Esquisse de Grammaire Bushong</i>. Commission de Linguistique Africaine, Tervuren, Belgique, 1959.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turner, Rev. Wm. Y., <i>Tumbuka–Tonga$1–$2 $3ictionEnglish Dictionary</i> Hetherwick Press, Blantyre, Malawi 1952. pages i–ii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Abdulaziz Lodhi, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325021837/http://www.african.gu.se/aa/pdfs/aa02004.pdf">Verbal extensions in Bantu (the case of Swahili and Nyamwezi)</a>". <i>Africa & Asia,</i> 2002, 2:4–26, Göteborg University</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doke, Clement M., <i>A Comparative Study in Shona Phonetics</i> University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1931.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Relatório do I Seminário sobre a Padronização da Ortografia de Línguas Moçambicanas</i> NELIMO, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane. 1989.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/classes.html">"Les classes nominales en bantu"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171101213948/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/classes.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2005-04-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+classes+nominales+en+bantu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bantu-languages.com%2Ffr%2Fclasses.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNurse2008" class="citation book cs1">Nurse, Derek (3 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lqIUDAAAQBAJ&dq=bantu+language+SOV+word+order&pg=PA70"><i>Tense and Aspect in Bantu</i></a>. OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923929-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923929-0"><bdi>978-0-19-923929-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tense+and+Aspect+in+Bantu&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2008-07-03&rft.isbn=978-0-19-923929-0&rft.aulast=Nurse&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlqIUDAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dbantu%2Blanguage%2BSOV%2Bword%2Border%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.org">"According to Ethnologue"</a></span>. Ethnologue.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120616034708/http://www.ethnologue.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-06-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=According+to+Ethnologue&rft.pub=Ethnologue.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.afro.co.ke/constitution/chapter-2/article-7/national-official-and-other-languages/">"Article 7. National, Official and Other Languages | The Constitution of Kenya 2010"</a>. <i>AfroCave</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AfroCave&rft.atitle=Article+7.+National%2C+Official+and+Other+Languages+%7C+The+Constitution+of+Kenya+2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.afro.co.ke%2Fconstitution%2Fchapter-2%2Farticle-7%2Fnational-official-and-other-languages%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SAC-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SAC_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAC_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAC_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAC_47-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAC_47-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAC_47-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAC_47-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAC_47-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAC_47-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAC_47-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAC_47-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">South African National Census of 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVass1979" class="citation book cs1">Vass, Winifred Kellersberger (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sbp1AAAAMAAJ&q=Here+we"><i>The Bantu Speaking Heritage of the United States</i></a>. Center for Afro-American Studies, University of California. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780934934015" title="Special:BookSources/9780934934015"><bdi>9780934934015</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210330035809/https://books.google.com/books?id=Sbp1AAAAMAAJ&q=Here+we">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2014</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Here we go looby-loo; here we go looby-la (or looby-light) / Here we go looby-loo; all on a Saturday night!" Both of these Luba words, <i>lubilu</i> (quickly, in a hurry), and <i>lubila</i> (a shout) are words still in common usage in the Republic of Zaïre.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bantu+Speaking+Heritage+of+the+United+States&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Center+for+Afro-American+Studies%2C+University+of+California&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9780934934015&rft.aulast=Vass&rft.aufirst=Winifred+Kellersberger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSbp1AAAAMAAJ%26q%3DHere%2Bwe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiddulph2001" class="citation book cs1">Biddulph, Joseph (2001). <i>Bantu Byways: Some Explorations among the Languages of Central and Southern Africa</i>. Pontypridd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897999-30-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897999-30-1"><bdi>978-1-897999-30-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bantu+Byways%3A+Some+Explorations+among+the+Languages+of+Central+and+Southern+Africa&rft.place=Pontypridd&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-897999-30-1&rft.aulast=Biddulph&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinck1908" class="citation book cs1">Finck, Franz Nikolaus (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Ph1WGXroFWoC"><i>Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Bantusprachen</i></a> [<i>The relationships between the Bantu languages</i>]. Göttingen: Vandenhoek und Ruprecht<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Verwandtschaftsverh%C3%A4ltnisse+der+Bantusprachen&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen&rft.pub=Vandenhoek+und+Ruprecht&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Finck&rft.aufirst=Franz+Nikolaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_Ph1WGXroFWoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuthrie1948" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Guthrie" title="Malcolm Guthrie">Guthrie, Malcolm</a> (1948). <i>The classification of the Bantu languages</i>. London: Oxford University Press for the International African Institute. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315105536">10.4324/9781315105536</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315105536" title="Special:BookSources/9781315105536"><bdi>9781315105536</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+classification+of+the+Bantu+languages&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+for+the+International+African+Institute&rft.date=1948&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315105536&rft.isbn=9781315105536&rft.aulast=Guthrie&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuthrie1971" class="citation book cs1">Guthrie, Malcolm (1971). <i>Comparative Bantu</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swahililanguage.stanford.edu/">the original</a> on 2013-01-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stanford+University&rft.atitle=Kiswahili&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fswahililanguage.stanford.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Blois1970" class="citation journal cs1">De Blois, K.F. (1970). "The augment in the Bantu languages". <i>Africana Linguistica</i>. <b>4</b>: 85–165. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Faflin.1970.879">10.3406/aflin.1970.879</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Africana+Linguistica&rft.atitle=The+augment+in+the+Bantu+languages&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=85-165&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Faflin.1970.879&rft.aulast=De+Blois&rft.aufirst=K.F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnappert1987" class="citation journal cs1">Knappert, Jan (1987). "The Bantu Languages: An Appraisal". <i>European Journal of Sociology</i>. <b>28</b> (2): 177–191. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003975600005464">10.1017/S0003975600005464</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23997575">23997575</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143435640">143435640</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Sociology&rft.atitle=The+Bantu+Languages%3A+An+Appraisal&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=177-191&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143435640%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23997575%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003975600005464&rft.aulast=Knappert&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABantu+languages" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu_languages&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artedalinguadean00dias">Arte da lingua de Angola: oeferecida [sic] a virgem Senhora N. do Rosario, mãy, Senhora dos mesmos pretos</a> The art of the language of Angola, by Father <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Dias_(Jesuit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Dias (Jesuit) (page does not exist)">Pedro Dias</a>, 1697, Lisbon, artedalinguadean</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linguistics.berkeley.edu/CBOLD/">Comparative Bantu Online Dictionary</a> linguistics.berkeley.edu, includes comprehensive bibliography.</li> <li>Maho, Jouni Filip <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130607210512/http://goto.glocalnet.net/mahopapers/nuglonline.pdf">NUGL Online. The online version of the New Updated Guthrie List, a referential classification of the Bantu languages</a> goto.glocalnet.net, 4 June 2009, 120pp. Guthrie 1948 in detail, with subsequent corrections and corresponding ISO codes.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bantu-languages.com/en/">Bantu online resources</a> bantu-languages.com, Jacky Maniacky, 7 July 2007, including <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/classes.html">List of Bantu noun classes with reconstructed Proto-Bantu prefixes</a> bantu-languages.com (in French)</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120624221430/http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/history/ehret/kinship/BantuClassification%204-09.pdf">Ehret's compilation of classifications by Klieman, Bastin, himself, and others</a> pp 204–09, ucla.edu, 24 June 2012</li> <li>Contini-Morava, Ellen. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/swahili/">Noun Classification in Swahili</a></i>. 1994, Virginia.edu</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121120223537/http://www.linguistics.berkeley.edu/CBOLD/Lgs/LgsbyGN.html">List of Bantu language names with synonyms ordered by Guthrie number</a>.linguistics.berkeley.edu 529 names</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://salanguages.com">Introduction to the languages of South Africa</a> salanguages.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726212602/http://www.journalofwestafricanlanguages.org/NarrowBantu.aspx">Narrow Bantu</a> Journal of West African Languages</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/bantu-people.html">Uganda Bantu Languages</a> ugandatravelguide.com</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie classification</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone A</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>A11[101] <a href="/wiki/Oroko_language" title="Oroko language">Londo</a></li> <li>A12[101] <a href="/wiki/Oroko_language" title="Oroko language">Barue</a></li> <li>A13 <a href="/wiki/Bafaw-Balong_language" title="Bafaw-Balong language">Balong</a></li> <li>A14 <a href="/wiki/Bonkeng_language" title="Bonkeng language">Bonkeng</a></li> <li>A15 <a href="/wiki/Manenguba_languages" title="Manenguba languages">Mbo</a></li> <li>[A141 <a href="/wiki/Bafaw-Balong_language" title="Bafaw-Balong language">Bafo</a></li> <li>A151 <a href="/wiki/Nkongho_language" title="Nkongho language">Nkongho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>A21 <a href="/wiki/Kpwe_language" title="Kpwe language">Bomboko</a></li> <li>A22 <a href="/wiki/Kpwe_language" title="Kpwe language">Baakpe</a></li> <li>A23 <a href="/wiki/Suwu_language" title="Suwu language">Su</a></li> <li>A24 <a href="/wiki/Duala_language" title="Duala language">Duala</a></li> <li>A25 <a href="/wiki/Duala_language" title="Duala language">Oli</a></li> <li>A26 <a href="/wiki/Duala_language" title="Duala language">Pongo</a></li> <li>A27 <a href="/wiki/Limba_language_(Cameroon)" title="Limba language (Cameroon)">Mulimba</a></li> <li>[A221 <a href="/wiki/Bube_language" title="Bube language">Bubia</a></li> <li>A231 <a href="/wiki/Kpwe_language" title="Kpwe language">Kole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>A31a <a href="/wiki/Bube_language" title="Bube language">North Bobe</a></li> <li>A31b <a href="/wiki/Bube_language" title="Bube language">Southwest Bobe</a></li> <li>A31c <a href="/wiki/Bube_language" title="Bube language">Southeast Bobe</a></li> <li>A32a <a href="/wiki/Tanga_language" title="Tanga language">Banoo</a></li> <li>A32b <a href="/wiki/Tanga_language" title="Tanga language">Bapoko</a></li> <li>A33a <a href="/wiki/Yasa_language" title="Yasa language">Yasa</a></li> <li>A33b <a href="/wiki/Kombe_language" title="Kombe language">Kombe</a></li> <li>A34 <a href="/wiki/Benga_language" title="Benga language">Benga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>A41 <a href="/wiki/Rombi_language" title="Rombi language">Lombi</a></li> <li>A42 <a href="/wiki/Bankon_language" title="Bankon language">Bankon</a></li> <li>A43a <a href="/wiki/Basaa_language" title="Basaa language">Mbene</a></li> <li>A43b <a href="/wiki/Kogo_language" title="Kogo language">North Kogo</a></li> <li>A43c <a href="/wiki/Kogo_language" title="Kogo language">South Kogo</a></li> <li>A44 <a href="/wiki/Nen_language_(Cameroon)" title="Nen language (Cameroon)">Banen</a></li> <li>A45 <a href="/wiki/Nen_language_(Cameroon)" title="Nen language (Cameroon)">Nyokon</a></li> <li>A46 <a href="/wiki/Mandi_language" title="Mandi language">Mandi</a></li> <li>[A441 <a href="/wiki/Nen_language_(Cameroon)" title="Nen language (Cameroon)">Aling'a</a></li> <li>A461 <a href="/wiki/Tuotomb_language" title="Tuotomb language">Bonek</a></li> <li>A462 <a href="/wiki/Yambeta_language" title="Yambeta language">Yambeta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>A51 <a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BC_language" title="Faʼ language">Fa’</a></li> <li>A52 <a href="/wiki/Kaalong_language" title="Kaalong language">Kaalong</a></li> <li>A53 <a href="/wiki/Bafia_language_(Cameroon)" title="Bafia language (Cameroon)">Kpa</a></li> <li>A54 <a href="/wiki/Tibea_language" title="Tibea language">Ngayaba</a></li> <li>[A501 <a href="/wiki/Hijuk_language" title="Hijuk language">Hijuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A60</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>A61[601] <a href="/wiki/Ki_language" title="Ki language">Ngoro</a></li> <li>A62 <a href="/wiki/Central_Yambasa_language" title="Central Yambasa language">Yambasa</a></li> <li>A63 <a href="/wiki/Leti_language_(Cameroon)" title="Leti language (Cameroon)">Mangisa</a></li> <li>A64[601] <a href="/wiki/Ki_language" title="Ki language">Bacenga</a></li> <li>A65 <a href="/wiki/Bati_language_(Cameroon)" title="Bati language (Cameroon)">Bati</a></li> <li>[A621 <a href="/wiki/Baca_language" title="Baca language">Baca</a></li> <li>A622 <a href="/wiki/Gunu_language" title="Gunu language">Gunu</a></li> <li>A623 <a href="/wiki/Mbule_language" title="Mbule language">Mbule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A70</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>A71 <a href="/wiki/Eton_language" title="Eton language">Eton</a></li> <li>A72a <a href="/wiki/Ewondo_language" title="Ewondo language">Ewondo</a></li> <li>A72b <a href="/wiki/Ewondo_language" title="Ewondo language">Mvele</a></li> <li>A72c <a href="/wiki/Ewondo_language" title="Ewondo language">Bakja</a></li> <li>A72d <a href="/wiki/Ewondo_language" title="Ewondo language">Yangafek</a></li> <li>A73a <a href="/wiki/Bebele_language" title="Bebele language">Bëbëlë</a></li> <li>A73b <a href="/wiki/Bebil_language" title="Bebil language">Gbïgbïl</a></li> <li>A74 <a href="/wiki/Bulu_language" title="Bulu language">Bulu</a></li> <li>A75 <a href="/wiki/Fang_language" title="Fang language">Fang</a></li> <li>[A751 <a href="/wiki/Fang_language" title="Fang language">South-West Fang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A80</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>A81 <a href="/wiki/Kwasio_language" title="Kwasio language">Mvumbo</a></li> <li>A82 <a href="/wiki/Swo_language" title="Swo language">So</a></li> <li>A83 <a href="/wiki/Makaa_language" title="Makaa language">Makaa</a></li> <li>A84 <a href="/wiki/Njem_language" title="Njem language">Njem</a></li> <li>A85a <a href="/wiki/Bekwil_language" title="Bekwil language">Konabem</a></li> <li>A85b <a href="/wiki/Bekwil_language" title="Bekwil language">Bekwil</a></li> <li>A86a <a href="/wiki/Mpumpong_language" title="Mpumpong language">Medjime</a></li> <li>A86b <a href="/wiki/Mpumpong_language" title="Mpumpong language">Mpompo</a></li> <li>A86c <a href="/wiki/Mpiemo_language" title="Mpiemo language">Mpiemo</a></li> <li>A87 <a href="/wiki/Bomwali_language" title="Bomwali language">Bomwali</a></li> <li>[A801 <a href="/wiki/Kwasio_language" title="Kwasio language">Gyele</a></li> <li>A802 <a href="/wiki/Ukhwejo_language" title="Ukhwejo language">Ukwedjo</a></li> <li>A803 <a href="/wiki/Shiwe_language" title="Shiwe language">Shiwe</a></li> <li>A831 <a href="/wiki/Byep_language" title="Byep language">Byep</a></li> <li>A832 <a href="/wiki/Kol_language_(Cameroon)" title="Kol language (Cameroon)">Bekol</a></li> <li>A841 <a href="/wiki/Nzime_language" title="Nzime language">Bajue</a></li> <li>A842 <a href="/wiki/Nzime_language" title="Nzime language">Koonzime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A90</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>A91 <a href="/wiki/Kwakum_language" title="Kwakum language">Kwakum</a></li> <li>A92a <a href="/wiki/Pol_language" title="Pol language">Pol</a></li> <li>A92b <a href="/wiki/Pol_language" title="Pol language">Pomo</a></li> <li>A93 <a href="/wiki/Kako_language" title="Kako language">Kako</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone B</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>B11a <a href="/wiki/Myene_language" title="Myene language">Mpongwe</a></li> <li>B11b <a href="/wiki/Myene_language" title="Myene language">Rongo</a></li> <li>B11c <a href="/wiki/Myene_language" title="Myene language">Galwa</a></li> <li>B11d <a href="/wiki/Myene_language" title="Myene language">Dyumba</a></li> <li>B11e <a href="/wiki/Myene_language" title="Myene language">Nkomi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>B21 <a href="/wiki/Seki_language" title="Seki language">Sekiyani</a></li> <li>B22a <a href="/wiki/Kele_language_(Gabon)" title="Kele language (Gabon)">West Kele</a></li> <li>B22b <a href="/wiki/Kele_language_(Gabon)" title="Kele language (Gabon)">Ngom</a></li> <li>B22c <a href="/wiki/Kele_language_(Gabon)" title="Kele language (Gabon)">Bubi</a></li> <li>B23 <a href="/wiki/Mbangwe_language" title="Mbangwe language">Mbangwe</a></li> <li>B24 <a href="/wiki/Wumbvu_language" title="Wumbvu language">Wumbvu</a></li> <li>B25 <a href="/wiki/Kota_language_(Gabon)" title="Kota language (Gabon)">Kota</a></li> <li>[B201 <a href="/wiki/Ndasa_language" title="Ndasa language">Ndasa</a></li> <li>B202 <a href="/wiki/Sighu_language" title="Sighu language">Sighu</a></li> <li>B203 <a href="/wiki/Samay_language" title="Samay language">Sama</a></li> <li>B204 <a href="/wiki/Ndambomo_language" title="Ndambomo language">Ndambomo</a></li> <li>B205 <a href="/wiki/Metombola_language" title="Metombola language">Metombola</a></li> <li>B221 <a href="/wiki/Lengue_language" title="Lengue language">Molengue</a></li> <li>B251 <a href="/wiki/Sake_language" title="Sake language">Shake</a></li> <li>B252 <a href="/wiki/Mahongwe_language" title="Mahongwe language">Mahongwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>B31 <a href="/wiki/Tsogo_language" title="Tsogo language">Tsogo</a></li> <li>B32 <a href="/wiki/Kande_language" title="Kande language">Kande</a></li> <li>[B301 <a href="/wiki/Viya_language" title="Viya language">Viya</a></li> <li>B302 <a href="/wiki/Himba_language" title="Himba language">Himbaka</a></li> <li>B303 <a href="/wiki/Bongwe_language" title="Bongwe language">Bongwe</a></li> <li>B304 <a href="/wiki/Pinji_language" title="Pinji language">Pinzi</a></li> <li>B305 <a href="/wiki/Vove_language" title="Vove language">Vove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>B41 <a href="/wiki/Shira_language" title="Shira language">Sira</a></li> <li>B42 <a href="/wiki/Sangu_language_(Gabon)" title="Sangu language (Gabon)">Sangu</a></li> <li>B43 <a href="/wiki/Punu_language" title="Punu language">Punu</a></li> <li>B44 <a href="/wiki/Lumbu_language" title="Lumbu language">Lumbu</a></li> <li>[B401 <a href="/wiki/Bwisi_language" title="Bwisi language">Bwisi</a></li> <li>B402 <a href="/wiki/Barama_language" title="Barama language">Varama</a></li> <li>B403 <a href="/wiki/Vumbu_language" title="Vumbu language">Vungu</a></li> <li>B404 <a href="/wiki/Ngubi_language" title="Ngubi language">Ngubi</a></li> <li>B411 <a href="/wiki/Shira_language" title="Shira language">Bwali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>B51 <a href="/wiki/Duma_language" title="Duma language">Duma</a></li> <li>B52 <a href="/wiki/Njebi_language" title="Njebi language">Nzebi</a></li> <li>B53 <a href="/wiki/Tsaangi_language" title="Tsaangi language">Tsaangi</a></li> <li>[B501 <a href="/wiki/Wanzi_language" title="Wanzi language">Wanzi</a></li> <li>B502 <a href="/wiki/Mwele_language" title="Mwele language">Mwele</a></li> <li>B503 <a href="/wiki/Ibhili_language" title="Ibhili language">Vili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B60</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>B61 <a href="/wiki/Mbere_language" title="Mbere language">Mbete</a></li> <li>B62 <a href="/wiki/Mbama_language" title="Mbama language">Mbaama</a></li> <li>B63 <a href="/wiki/Ndumu_language" title="Ndumu language">Nduumo</a></li> <li>[B602 <a href="/wiki/Kaning%27i_language" title="Kaning'i language">Kaning'i</a></li> <li>B603 <a href="/wiki/Spurious_languages#Yangho" title="Spurious languages">Yangho</a> (spurious)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B70</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>B71a <a href="/wiki/North_Teke_language" title="North Teke language">Tege-Kali</a></li> <li>B71b <a href="/wiki/North_Teke_language" title="North Teke language">Njiningi</a></li> <li>B72a <a href="/wiki/Central_Teke_language" title="Central Teke language">Ngungwele</a></li> <li>B72b <a href="/wiki/Central_Teke_language" title="Central Teke language">Mpumpu</a></li> <li>B73a <a href="/wiki/West_Teke_language" title="West Teke language">Tsaayi</a></li> <li>B73b <a href="/wiki/West_Teke_language" title="West Teke language">Laali</a></li> <li>B73c <a href="/wiki/West_Teke_language" title="West Teke language">Yaa</a></li> <li>B73d <a href="/wiki/West_Teke_language" title="West Teke language">Kwe</a></li> <li>B74a <a href="/wiki/Central_Teke_language" title="Central Teke language">Ndzindziu</a></li> <li>B74b <a href="/wiki/Central_Teke_language" title="Central Teke language">Boma</a></li> <li>B75 <a href="/wiki/East_Teke_language" title="East Teke language">Bali</a></li> <li>B76a <a href="/wiki/East_Teke_language" title="East Teke language">Musieno</a></li> <li>B76b <a href="/wiki/East_Teke_language" title="East Teke language">Ngee</a></li> <li>B77a <a href="/wiki/Kukuya_language" title="Kukuya language">Kukwa</a></li> <li>B77b <a href="/wiki/Fuumu_language" title="Fuumu language">Fumu</a></li> <li>B78 <a href="/wiki/Fuumu_language" title="Fuumu language">Wuumu</a></li> <li>[B701 <a href="/wiki/Tsege_language" title="Tsege language">Tsitsege</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B80</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>B81 <a href="/wiki/Tiene_language" title="Tiene language">Tiene</a></li> <li>B82 <a href="/wiki/Boma_language" title="Boma language">Boma</a></li> <li>B83 <a href="/wiki/Mfinu_language" title="Mfinu language">Mfinu</a></li> <li>B84a[84] <a href="/wiki/Mpuono_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpuono language">Mpuon</a></li> <li>B84b[84] <a href="/wiki/Mpuono_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpuono language">Mpuun</a></li> <li>B85a <a href="/wiki/Yansi_language" title="Yansi language">Mbiem</a></li> <li>B85b <a href="/wiki/Yansi_language" title="Yansi language">East Yans</a></li> <li>B85c <a href="/wiki/Yansi_language" title="Yansi language">Yeei</a></li> <li>B85d <a href="/wiki/Tsong_language" title="Tsong language">Ntsuo</a></li> <li>B85e <a href="/wiki/Yansi_language" title="Yansi language">Mpur</a></li> <li>B86 <a href="/wiki/Ding_language" title="Ding language">Di</a></li> <li>B87[84] <a href="/wiki/Mpuono_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpuono language">Mbuun</a></li> <li>[B821 <a href="/wiki/Boma_language" title="Boma language">Mpe</a></li> <li>B822 <a href="/wiki/Boma_language" title="Boma language">Nunu</a></li> <li>B861 <a href="/wiki/Ding_language" title="Ding language">Ngul</a> (Ngwi)</li> <li>B862 <a href="/wiki/Ding_language" title="Ding language">Lwel</a></li> <li>B863 <a href="/wiki/Ding_language" title="Ding language">Mpiin</a></li> <li>B864 <a href="/wiki/Ding_language" title="Ding language">West Ngongo</a></li> <li>B865 <a href="/wiki/Nzadi_language" title="Nzadi language">Nzadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a>.</li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie classification</a> is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_A%E2%80%93B)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_C%E2%80%93D)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_E%E2%80%93H)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_J%E2%80%93M)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_N%E2%80%93S)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_C–D)_(by_Guthrie_classification)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_C%E2%80%93D)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_C%E2%80%93D)" title="Template talk:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_C%E2%80%93D)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_C–D)_(by_Guthrie_classification)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Narrow <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bantu languages</a> (Zones C–D) (by <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie classification</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone C</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>C11 <a href="/wiki/Ngondi_language" title="Ngondi language">Ngondi</a></li> <li>C12a <a href="/wiki/Pande_language" title="Pande language">Pande</a></li> <li>C12b <a href="/wiki/Pande_language" title="Pande language">Bogongo</a></li> <li>C13 <a href="/wiki/Mbati_language" title="Mbati language">Mbati</a></li> <li>C14 <a href="/wiki/Bomitaba_language" title="Bomitaba language">Mbomotaba</a></li> <li>C15 <a href="/wiki/Bongili_language" title="Bongili language">Bongili</a></li> <li>C16 <a href="/wiki/Bala_language" title="Bala language">Lobala</a></li> <li>[C101 <a href="/wiki/Bole_language_(Bantu)" title="Bole language (Bantu)">Dibole</a></li> <li>C102 <a href="/wiki/Ngando_language_(Central_African_Republic)" title="Ngando language (Central African Republic)">Ngando</a></li> <li>C103 <a href="/wiki/Ngando_language_(Central_African_Republic)" title="Ngando language (Central African Republic)">Kota</a></li> <li>C104 <a href="/wiki/Aka_language" title="Aka language">Yaka</a></li> <li>C105 <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_Pygmy_languages#Mbenga" title="Classification of Pygmy languages">Mbenga</a></li> <li>C141 <a href="/wiki/Bomitaba_language" title="Bomitaba language">Enyele</a></li> <li>C142 <a href="/wiki/Bomitaba_language" title="Bomitaba language">Bondongo</a></li> <li>C143 <a href="/wiki/Bomitaba_language" title="Bomitaba language">Mbonzo</a></li> <li>C161 <a href="/wiki/Bomboli%E2%80%93Bozaba_language" title="Bomboli–Bozaba language">Bomboli</a></li> <li>C162 <a href="/wiki/Bomboli%E2%80%93Bozaba_language" title="Bomboli–Bozaba language">Bozaba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>C21 <a href="/wiki/Mboko_language" title="Mboko language">Mboko</a></li> <li>C22 <a href="/wiki/Akwa_language" title="Akwa language">Akwa</a></li> <li>C23[21] <a href="/wiki/Mboko_language" title="Mboko language">Ngare</a></li> <li>C24 <a href="/wiki/Koyo_language_(Congo)" title="Koyo language (Congo)">Koyo</a></li> <li>C25 <a href="/wiki/Mbosi_language" title="Mbosi language">Mbosi</a></li> <li>C26 <a href="/wiki/Kwala_language" title="Kwala language">Kwala</a></li> <li>C27 <a href="/wiki/Kuba_language" title="Kuba language">Kuba</a></li> <li>[C201 <a href="/wiki/Bwenyi_language" title="Bwenyi language">Bwenyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>C31a <a href="/wiki/Ngiri_language" title="Ngiri language">Loi</a></li> <li>C31b <a href="/wiki/Ngiri_language" title="Ngiri language">Ngiri</a></li> <li>C31c <a href="/wiki/Ngiri_language" title="Ngiri language">Nunu</a></li> <li>C32 <a href="/wiki/Bangi_language" title="Bangi language">Bobangi</a></li> <li>C33 <a href="/wiki/Sengele_language" title="Sengele language">Sengele</a></li> <li>C34 <a href="/wiki/Sakata_language" title="Sakata language">Sakata</a></li> <li>C35a <a href="/wiki/Lia-Ntomba_language" title="Lia-Ntomba language">Ntomba</a></li> <li>C35b <a href="/wiki/Lia-Ntomba_language" title="Lia-Ntomba language">Bolia</a></li> <li>C36a <a href="/wiki/Losengo_language" title="Losengo language">Poto</a></li> <li>C36b <a href="/wiki/Losengo_language" title="Losengo language">Mpesa</a></li> <li>C36c <a href="/wiki/Losengo_language" title="Losengo language">Mbudza</a></li> <li>C36d <a href="/wiki/Lingala" title="Lingala">Mangala</a></li> <li>C36e <a href="/wiki/Loki_dialect" title="Loki dialect">Boloki</a></li> <li>C36f <a href="/wiki/Losengo_language" title="Losengo language">Kangana</a></li> <li>C36g <a href="/wiki/Ndolo_dialect" title="Ndolo dialect">Ndolo</a></li> <li>C37 <a href="/wiki/Budza_language" title="Budza language">Buja</a></li> <li>[C301 <a href="/wiki/Doko_language_(Bantu)" title="Doko language (Bantu)">Doko</a></li> <li>C302 <a href="/wiki/Londo_language" title="Londo language">Bolondo</a></li> <li>C311 <a href="/wiki/Ngiri_language" title="Ngiri language">Mabaale</a></li> <li>C312 <a href="/wiki/Ngiri_language" title="Ngiri language">Ndoobo</a></li> <li>C313 <a href="/wiki/Ngiri_language" title="Ngiri language">Litoka</a></li> <li>C314 <a href="/wiki/Ngiri_language" title="Ngiri language">Balobo</a></li> <li>C315 <a href="/wiki/Ngiri_language" title="Ngiri language">Enga</a></li> <li>C321 <a href="/wiki/Binza_language" title="Binza language">Binza</a></li> <li>C322 <a href="/wiki/Zamba_language" title="Zamba language">Dzamba</a></li> <li>C323 <a href="/wiki/Mpama_language" title="Mpama language">Mpama</a></li> <li>C371 <a href="/wiki/Budza_language" title="Budza language">Tembo</a></li> <li>C372 <a href="/wiki/Budza_language" title="Budza language">Kunda</a></li> <li>C373 <a href="/wiki/Budza_language" title="Budza language">Gbuta</a></li> <li>C374 <a href="/wiki/Budza_language" title="Budza language">Babale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>C41 <a href="/wiki/Ngombe_language" title="Ngombe language">Ngombe</a></li> <li>C42 <a href="/wiki/Bwela_language" title="Bwela language">Bwela</a></li> <li>C43 <a href="/wiki/Bwa_language" title="Bwa language">Bati</a></li> <li>C44 <a href="/wiki/Bwa_language" title="Bwa language">Boa</a></li> <li>C45 <a href="/wiki/Ngelima_language" title="Ngelima language">Angba</a></li> <li>[C401 <a href="/wiki/Pagibete_language" title="Pagibete language">Pagibete</a></li> <li>C403 <a href="/wiki/Kango_language_(Bas-U%C3%A9l%C3%A9_District)" title="Kango language (Bas-Uélé District)">Kango</a></li> <li>C411 <a href="/wiki/Bomboma_language" title="Bomboma language">Bomboma</a></li> <li>C412 <a href="/wiki/Bamwe_language" title="Bamwe language">Bamwe</a></li> <li>C413 <a href="/wiki/Dzando_language" title="Dzando language">Dzando</a></li> <li>C414 <a href="/wiki/Gendza_language" title="Gendza language">Ligendza</a></li> <li>C415 <a href="/wiki/Kula_language_(Bantu)" title="Kula language (Bantu)">Likula</a></li> <li>C441 <a href="/wiki/Bango_language" title="Bango language">Bango</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>C51 <a href="/wiki/Mbesa_language" title="Mbesa language">Mbesa</a></li> <li>C52 <a href="/wiki/Soko_language" title="Soko language">So</a></li> <li>C53 <a href="/wiki/Poke_language" title="Poke language">Poke</a></li> <li>C54 <a href="/wiki/Lombo_language" title="Lombo language">Lombo</a></li> <li>C55 <a href="/wiki/Kele-Foma_language" title="Kele-Foma language">Kele</a></li> <li>C56 <a href="/wiki/Kele-Foma_language" title="Kele-Foma language">Foma</a></li> <li>[C501 <a href="/wiki/Likile_language" title="Likile language">Likile</a></li> <li>C502 <a href="/wiki/Linga_language" title="Linga language">Linga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C60</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>C61a <a href="/wiki/Mongo_language" title="Mongo language">Northeast Mongo</a></li> <li>C61b <a href="/wiki/Mongo_language" title="Mongo language">Northwest Mongo</a></li> <li>C62 <a href="/wiki/Lalia_language" title="Lalia language">Lalia</a></li> <li>[C63 <a href="/wiki/Ngando_language" title="Ngando language">Ngando</a></li> <li>C611 <a href="/wiki/Mongo_language" title="Mongo language">Bafoto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C70</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>C71 <a href="/wiki/Tetela_language" title="Tetela language">Tetela</a></li> <li>C72 <a href="/wiki/Kusu_language" title="Kusu language">Kusu</a></li> <li>C73 <a href="/wiki/Nkutu_language" title="Nkutu language">Nkutu</a></li> <li>C74 <a href="/wiki/Yela-Kela_language" title="Yela-Kela language">Yela</a></li> <li>C75 <a href="/wiki/Yela-Kela_language" title="Yela-Kela language">Kela</a></li> <li>C76 <a href="/wiki/Ombo_language" title="Ombo language">Ombo</a></li> <li>[C701 <a href="/wiki/Langa_language" title="Langa language">Langa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C80</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>C81 <a href="/wiki/Dengese_language" title="Dengese language">Dengese</a></li> <li>C82 <a href="/wiki/Hendo_language" title="Hendo language">Songomeno</a></li> <li>C83 <a href="/wiki/Bushong_language" title="Bushong language">Busoong</a></li> <li>C84 <a href="/wiki/Lele_language_(Bantu)" title="Lele language (Bantu)">Lele</a></li> <li>C85 <a href="/wiki/Wongo_language" title="Wongo language">Wongo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">D10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>D11 <a href="/wiki/Mbole_language" title="Mbole language">Mbole</a></li> <li>D12 <a href="/wiki/Lengola_language" title="Lengola language">Lengola</a></li> <li>D13 <a href="/wiki/Mituku_language" title="Mituku language">Metoko</a></li> <li>D14 <a href="/wiki/Enya_language" title="Enya language">Enya</a></li> <li>[D141 <a href="/wiki/Enya_language" title="Enya language">Zura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">D20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>D21 <a href="/wiki/Bali_language_(DRC)" title="Bali language (DRC)">Bali</a></li> <li>D22 <a href="/wiki/Amba_language_(Bantu)" title="Amba language (Bantu)">Amba</a></li> <li>D23 <a href="/wiki/Komo_language_(Bantu)" title="Komo language (Bantu)">Komo</a></li> <li>D24 <a href="/wiki/Songola_language" title="Songola language">Songola</a></li> <li>D25 <a href="/wiki/Lega_language" title="Lega language">Lega</a></li> <li>D26 <a href="/wiki/Zimba_language" title="Zimba language">Zimba</a></li> <li>D27 <a href="/wiki/Bangubangu_language" title="Bangubangu language">Bangubangu</a></li> <li>D28a <a href="/wiki/Holoholo_language" title="Holoholo language">West Holoholo</a></li> <li>D28b <a href="/wiki/Holoholo_language" title="Holoholo language">East Holoholo</a></li> <li>[D201 <a href="/wiki/Lika_language" title="Lika language">Liko</a></li> <li>D211 <a href="/wiki/Bila_language" title="Bila language">Kango</a></li> <li>D251 <a href="/wiki/Lega_language" title="Lega language">Lega-Malinga</a></li> <li>D281 <a href="/wiki/Holoholo_language" title="Holoholo language">Tumbwe</a></li> <li>D282 <a href="/wiki/Holoholo_language" title="Holoholo language">Lumbwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">D30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>D31 <a href="/wiki/Bhele_language" title="Bhele language">Peri</a></li> <li>D32 <a href="/wiki/Bira_language" title="Bira language">Bira</a></li> <li>D33 <a href="/wiki/Nyali_language" title="Nyali language">Nyali</a></li> <li>[D301 <a href="/wiki/Kari_language" title="Kari language">Kari</a></li> <li>D302 <a href="/wiki/Guru_language" title="Guru language">Guru</a></li> <li>D303 <a href="/wiki/Ngbinda_language" title="Ngbinda language">Ngbinda</a></li> <li>D304 <a href="/wiki/Homa_language" title="Homa language">Homa</a></li> <li>D305 <a href="/wiki/Nyanga-li_language" title="Nyanga-li language">Nyanga-li</a></li> <li>D306 <a href="/wiki/Nyanga-li_language" title="Nyanga-li language">Gbati-ri</a></li> <li>D307 <a href="/wiki/Nyanga-li_language" title="Nyanga-li language">Mayeka</a></li> <li>D308 <a href="/wiki/Bodo_language_(Bantu)" title="Bodo language (Bantu)">Bodo</a></li> <li>D311 <a href="/wiki/Bila_language" title="Bila language">Bila</a></li> <li>D312 <a href="/wiki/Kaiku_language" title="Kaiku language">Kaiku</a></li> <li>D313 <a href="/wiki/Bila_language" title="Bila language">Ibutu</a></li> <li>D331 <a href="/wiki/Vanuma_language" title="Vanuma language">Bvanuma</a></li> <li>D332 <a href="/wiki/Budu_language" title="Budu language">Budu</a></li> <li>D333 <a href="/wiki/Ndaka_language" title="Ndaka language">Ndaaka</a></li> <li>D334 <a href="/wiki/Mbo_language_(Congo)" title="Mbo language (Congo)">Mbo</a></li> <li>D335 <a href="/wiki/Beeke_language" title="Beeke language">Beeke</a></li> <li>D336 <a href="/wiki/Ngbee_language" title="Ngbee language">Ngbee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]D40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]D41 <a href="/wiki/Konjo_language_(Bantu)" title="Konjo language (Bantu)">Konzo</a></li> <li>[J]D42 <a href="/wiki/Nande_language" title="Nande language">Ndandi</a></li> <li>[J]D43 <a href="/wiki/Nyanga_language" title="Nyanga language">Nyanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]D50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]D51 <a href="/wiki/Hunde_language" title="Hunde language">Hunde</a></li> <li>[J]D52 <a href="/wiki/Havu_language" title="Havu language">Haavu</a></li> <li>[J]D53 <a href="/wiki/Shi_language" title="Shi language">Nyabungu</a></li> <li>[J]D54 <a href="/wiki/Bembe_language_(Ibembe)" title="Bembe language (Ibembe)">Bembe</a></li> <li>[J]D55 <a href="/wiki/Buyu_language" title="Buyu language">Buyi</a></li> <li>[J]D56 <a href="/wiki/Kabwari_language" title="Kabwari language">Kabwari</a></li> <li>[JD501 <a href="/wiki/Shi_language" title="Shi language">Nyindu</a></li> <li>[J]JD502 <a href="/wiki/Yaka_language_(Kivu)" title="Yaka language (Kivu)">Yaka</a></li> <li>[J]JD531 <a href="/wiki/Tembo_(Kitembo)_language" title="Tembo (Kitembo) language">Tembo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]D60</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]D61 <a href="/wiki/Kinyarwanda" title="Kinyarwanda">Ruanda</a></li> <li>[J]D62 <a href="/wiki/Kirundi" title="Kirundi">Rundi</a></li> <li>[J]D63 <a href="/wiki/Fuliiru_language" title="Fuliiru language">Fuliiro</a></li> <li>[J]D64 <a href="/wiki/Shubi_language" title="Shubi language">Shubi</a></li> <li>[J]D65 <a href="/wiki/Hangaza_language" title="Hangaza language">Hangaza</a></li> <li>[J]D66 <a href="/wiki/Ha_language" title="Ha language">Ha</a></li> <li>[J]D67 <a href="/wiki/Vinza_language" title="Vinza language">Vinza</a></li> <li>[JD631 <a href="/wiki/Fuliiru_language" title="Fuliiru language">Vira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a>.</li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie classification</a> is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_A%E2%80%93B)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_C%E2%80%93D)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_E%E2%80%93H)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_J%E2%80%93M)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_N%E2%80%93S)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_E–H)_(by_Guthrie_classification)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_E%E2%80%93H)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_E%E2%80%93H)" title="Template talk:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_E%E2%80%93H)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_E–H)_(by_Guthrie_classification)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Narrow <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bantu languages</a> (Zones E–H) (by <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie classification</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone E</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]E10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]E11 <a href="/wiki/Nyoro_language" title="Nyoro language">Nyoro</a></li> <li>[J]E12 <a href="/wiki/Tooro_language" title="Tooro language">Tooro</a></li> <li>[J]E13 <a href="/wiki/Nkore_language" title="Nkore language">Nyankore</a></li> <li>[J]E14 <a href="/wiki/Kiga_language" title="Kiga language">Ciga</a></li> <li>[J]E15 <a href="/wiki/Luganda" title="Luganda">Ganda</a></li> <li>[J]E16 <a href="/wiki/Soga_language" title="Soga language">Soga</a></li> <li>[J]E17 <a href="/wiki/Gwere_language" title="Gwere language">Gwere</a></li> <li>[J]E18 <a href="/wiki/Luhya_language" title="Luhya language">Nyala</a></li> <li>[JE101 <a href="/wiki/Gungu_language" title="Gungu language">Gungu</a></li> <li>JE102 <a href="/wiki/Talinga_language" title="Talinga language">Talinga-Bwisi</a></li> <li>JE103 <a href="/wiki/Ruuli_language" title="Ruuli language">Ruli</a></li> <li>JE121 <a href="/wiki/Hema_language" title="Hema language">Hema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]E20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]E21 <a href="/wiki/Nyambo_language" title="Nyambo language">Nyambo</a></li> <li>[J]E22 <a href="/wiki/Haya_language" title="Haya language">Ziba</a></li> <li>[J]E23 <a href="/wiki/Zinza_language" title="Zinza language">Dzindza</a></li> <li>[J]E24 <a href="/wiki/Kerewe_language" title="Kerewe language">Kerebe</a></li> <li>[J]E25 <a href="/wiki/Jita_language" title="Jita language">Jita</a></li> <li>[JE221 <a href="/wiki/Haya_language" title="Haya language">Rashi</a></li> <li>JE251 <a href="/wiki/Kwaya_language" title="Kwaya language">Kwaya</a></li> <li>JE252 <a href="/wiki/Kara_language_(Tanzania)" title="Kara language (Tanzania)">Kara</a></li> <li>JE253 <a href="/wiki/Kwaya_language" title="Kwaya language">Ruri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]E30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]E31a <a href="/wiki/Masaba_language" title="Masaba language">Gisu</a></li> <li>[J]E31b <a href="/wiki/Masaba_language" title="Masaba language">Kisu</a></li> <li>[J]E31c <a href="/wiki/Bukusu_dialect" title="Bukusu dialect">Bukusu</a></li> <li>[J]E32a <a href="/wiki/Luhya_language" title="Luhya language">Hanga</a></li> <li>[J]E32b <a href="/wiki/Luhya_language" title="Luhya language">Tsotso</a></li> <li>[J]E33 <a href="/wiki/Nyole_language_(Kenya)" title="Nyole language (Kenya)">Nyore</a></li> <li>[J]E34 <a href="/wiki/Samia_language" title="Samia language">Saamia</a></li> <li>[J]E35 <a href="/wiki/Nyole_language_(Uganda)" title="Nyole language (Uganda)">Nyuli</a></li> <li>[JE341 <a href="/wiki/Khayo_language" title="Khayo language">Xaayo</a></li> <li>JE342 <a href="/wiki/Marachi_language" title="Marachi language">Marachi</a></li> <li>JE343 <a href="/wiki/Samia_language" title="Samia language">Songa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]E40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]E41 <a href="/wiki/Logooli_language" title="Logooli language">Logooli</a></li> <li>[J]E42 <a href="/wiki/Gusii_language" title="Gusii language">Gusii</a></li> <li>[J]E43 <a href="/wiki/Kuria_language" title="Kuria language">Koria</a></li> <li>[J]E44 <a href="/wiki/Zanaki_language" title="Zanaki language">Zanaki</a></li> <li>[J]E45 <a href="/wiki/Ikoma_language" title="Ikoma language">Nata</a></li> <li>E46 <a href="/wiki/Sonjo_language" title="Sonjo language">Sonjo</a></li> <li>[JE401 <a href="/wiki/Ngoreme_language" title="Ngoreme language">Nguruimi</a></li> <li>JE402 <a href="/wiki/Ikizu_language" title="Ikizu language">Ikizu</a></li> <li>JE403 <a href="/wiki/Suba_language" title="Suba language">Suba</a>/<a href="/wiki/Suba-Simbiti_language" title="Suba-Simbiti language">Suba-Simbiti</a></li> <li>JE404 <a href="/wiki/Ikizu_language" title="Ikizu language">Shashi</a></li> <li>JE405 <a href="/wiki/Kabwa_language" title="Kabwa language">Kabwa</a></li> <li>JE406 <a href="/wiki/Singa_language" title="Singa language">Singa</a></li> <li>JE407 <a href="/wiki/Ware_language" title="Ware language">Ware</a></li> <li>JE411 <a href="/wiki/Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki_language" title="Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki language">Idaxo</a></li> <li>JE412 <a href="/wiki/Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki_language" title="Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki language">Isuxa</a></li> <li>JE413 <a href="/wiki/Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki_language" title="Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki language">Tiriki</a></li> <li>JE431 <a href="/wiki/Kuria_language" title="Kuria language">Simbiti</a></li> <li>JE432 <a href="/wiki/Kuria_language" title="Kuria language">Hacha</a></li> <li>JE433 <a href="/wiki/Kuria_language" title="Kuria language">Surwa</a></li> <li>JE434 <a href="/wiki/Kuria_language" title="Kuria language">Sweta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">E50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>E51 <a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_language" title="Kikuyu language">Kikuyu</a></li> <li>E52 <a href="/wiki/Embu_language" title="Embu language">Embu</a></li> <li>E53 <a href="/wiki/Meru_language" title="Meru language">Meru</a></li> <li>E54 <a href="/wiki/Meru_language" title="Meru language">Saraka</a></li> <li>E55 <a href="/wiki/Kamba_language" title="Kamba language">Kamba</a></li> <li>E56 <a href="/wiki/Kamba_language" title="Kamba language">Daiso</a></li> <li>[E531 <a href="/wiki/Meru_language" title="Meru language">Mwimbi-Muthambi</a></li> <li>E541 <a href="/wiki/Meru_language" title="Meru language">Cuka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">E60</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>E61[621a] <a href="/wiki/West_Kilimanjaro_language" title="West Kilimanjaro language">Rwo</a></li> <li>E62a[621b,622a] <a href="/wiki/West_Kilimanjaro_language" title="West Kilimanjaro language">Hai</a></li> <li>E62b[622c] <a href="/wiki/Central_Kilimanjaro_language" title="Central Kilimanjaro language">Wunjo</a></li> <li>E62c[623] <a href="/wiki/Rombo_language" title="Rombo language">Rombo</a></li> <li>E63 <a href="/wiki/Rusa_language" title="Rusa language">Rusa</a></li> <li>E64 <a href="/wiki/Kahe_language" title="Kahe language">Kahe</a></li> <li>E65 <a href="/wiki/Gweno_language" title="Gweno language">Gweno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">E70</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>E71 <a href="/wiki/Pokomo_language" title="Pokomo language">Pokomo</a></li> <li>E72a <a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_language" title="Mijikenda language">Gyriama</a></li> <li>E72b <a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_language" title="Mijikenda language">Kauma</a></li> <li>E72c <a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_language" title="Mijikenda language">Conyi</a></li> <li>E72d <a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_language" title="Mijikenda language">Duruma</a></li> <li>E72e <a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_language" title="Mijikenda language">Rabai</a></li> <li>E73 <a href="/wiki/Digo_language" title="Digo language">Digo</a></li> <li>E74a <a href="/wiki/Taita_language" title="Taita language">Dabida</a></li> <li>E74b[741] <a href="/wiki/Taita_language" title="Taita language">Sagala</a></li> <li>[E701 <a href="/wiki/Ilwana_language" title="Ilwana language">Elwana</a></li> <li>E731 <a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_language" title="Mijikenda language">Segeju</a></li> <li>E732 <a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_language" title="Mijikenda language">Degere</a></li> <li>E74 <a href="/wiki/Taita_language" title="Taita language">Taita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone F</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">F10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>F11 <a href="/wiki/Tongwe_language" title="Tongwe language">Tongwe</a></li> <li>F12 <a href="/wiki/Tongwe_language" title="Tongwe language">Bende</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]F20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]F21 <a href="/wiki/Sukuma_language" title="Sukuma language">Sukuma</a></li> <li>[J]F22 <a href="/wiki/Nyamwezi_language" title="Nyamwezi language">Nyamwezi</a></li> <li>[J]F23 <a href="/wiki/Sumbwa_language" title="Sumbwa language">Sumbwa</a></li> <li>[J]F24 <a href="/wiki/Kimbu_language" title="Kimbu language">Kimbu</a></li> <li>[J]F25 <a href="/wiki/Bungu_language" title="Bungu language">Bungu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">F30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>F31 <a href="/wiki/Iramba_language" title="Iramba language">Nilamba</a></li> <li>F32 <a href="/wiki/Turu_language" title="Turu language">Remi</a></li> <li>F33 <a href="/wiki/Rangi_language" title="Rangi language">Langi</a></li> <li>F34 <a href="/wiki/Mbugwe_language" title="Mbugwe language">Mbugwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone G</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>G11 <a href="/wiki/Gogo_language" title="Gogo language">Gogo</a></li> <li>G12 <a href="/wiki/Kagulu_language" title="Kagulu language">Kaguru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>G21 <a href="/wiki/Taveta_language" title="Taveta language">Tubeta</a></li> <li>G22 <a href="/wiki/Pare_language" title="Pare language">Asu</a></li> <li>G23 <a href="/wiki/Shambala_language" title="Shambala language">Shambala</a></li> <li>G24 <a href="/wiki/Bondei_language" title="Bondei language">Bondei</a></li> <li>[G221 <a href="/wiki/Mbugu_language" title="Mbugu language">Mbugu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>G31 <a href="/wiki/Zigula_language" title="Zigula language">Zigula</a></li> <li>G32 <a href="/wiki/Kwere_language" title="Kwere language">Ngwele</a></li> <li>G33 <a href="/wiki/Zaramo_language" title="Zaramo language">Zaramo</a></li> <li>G34 <a href="/wiki/Ngulu_language" title="Ngulu language">Ngulu</a></li> <li>G35 <a href="/wiki/Luguru_language" title="Luguru language">Ruguru</a></li> <li>G36 <a href="/wiki/Kami_language_(Tanzania)" title="Kami language (Tanzania)">Kami</a></li> <li>G37 <a href="/wiki/Kutu_language" title="Kutu language">Kutu</a></li> <li>G38 <a href="/wiki/Vidunda_language" title="Vidunda language">Vidunda</a></li> <li>G39 <a href="/wiki/Sagara_language" title="Sagara language">Sagala</a></li> <li>[G301 <a href="/wiki/Doe_language" title="Doe language">Doe</a></li> <li>G311 <a href="/wiki/Zigula_language" title="Zigula language">Mushungulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>G41 <a href="/wiki/Bajuni_dialect" title="Bajuni dialect">Tikuu</a></li> <li>G42a <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Amu</a></li> <li>G42b <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Mvita</a></li> <li>G42c <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Mrima</a></li> <li>G42d <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Unguja</a></li> <li>G43a <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Phemba</a></li> <li>G43b <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Tumbatu</a></li> <li>G43c <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Hadimu</a></li> <li>G44a <a href="/wiki/Comorian_languages" title="Comorian languages">Ngazija</a></li> <li>G44b <a href="/wiki/Comorian_languages" title="Comorian languages">Njuani</a></li> <li>[G402 <a href="/wiki/Makwe_language" title="Makwe language">Makwe</a></li> <li>G403 <a href="/wiki/Mwani_language" title="Mwani language">Mwani</a></li> <li>G404 <a href="/wiki/Sidi_language" title="Sidi language">Sidi</a></li> <li>G411 <a href="/wiki/Socotra_Swahili_language" title="Socotra Swahili language">Socotra Swahili</a></li> <li>G412 <a href="/wiki/Bravanese_dialect" title="Bravanese dialect">Mwiini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>G51 <a href="/wiki/Pogolo_language" title="Pogolo language">Pogolo</a></li> <li>G52 <a href="/wiki/Ndamba_language" title="Ndamba language">Ndamba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G60</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>G61 <a href="/wiki/Sangu_language_(Tanzania)" title="Sangu language (Tanzania)">Sango</a></li> <li>G62 <a href="/wiki/Hehe_language" title="Hehe language">Hehe</a></li> <li>G63 <a href="/wiki/Bena_language" title="Bena language">Bena</a></li> <li>G64 <a href="/wiki/Pangwa_language" title="Pangwa language">Pangwa</a></li> <li>G65 <a href="/wiki/Kinga_language" title="Kinga language">Kinga</a></li> <li>G66 <a href="/wiki/Vwanji_language" title="Vwanji language">Wanji</a></li> <li>G67 <a href="/wiki/Kisi_language_(Tanzania)" title="Kisi language (Tanzania)">Kisi</a></li> <li>[G651 <a href="/wiki/Magoma_language" title="Magoma language">Magoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone H</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">H10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>H11 <a href="/wiki/Bembe_language_(Kibembe)" title="Bembe language (Kibembe)">Beembe</a></li> <li>H12 <a href="/wiki/Vili_language" title="Vili language">Vili</a></li> <li>H13 <a href="/wiki/Kunyi_language" title="Kunyi language">Kunyi</a></li> <li>H14 <a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Ndingi</a></li> <li>H15 <a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Mboka</a></li> <li>H16a <a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">South Kongo</a></li> <li>H16b <a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Central Kongo</a></li> <li>H16c <a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Yombe</a></li> <li>H16d <a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Fiote</a></li> <li>H16e <a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Bwende</a></li> <li>H16f <a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Laadi</a></li> <li>H16g <a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">East Kongo</a></li> <li>H16h <a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Southeast Kongo</a></li> <li>[H111 <a href="/wiki/Bembe_language_(Kibembe)" title="Bembe language (Kibembe)">Hangala</a></li> <li>H112 <a href="/wiki/Bembe_language_(Kibembe)" title="Bembe language (Kibembe)">Kamba</a>-<a href="/wiki/Bembe_language_(Kibembe)" title="Bembe language (Kibembe)">Doondo</a></li> <li>H131 <a href="/wiki/Suundi_language" title="Suundi language">Suundi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">H20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>H21a <a href="/wiki/Kimbundu" title="Kimbundu">Kimbundu</a></li> <li>H21b <a href="/wiki/Kimbundu" title="Kimbundu">Mbamba</a></li> <li>H22 <a href="/wiki/Sama_language_(Angola)" title="Sama language (Angola)">Sama</a></li> <li>H23 <a href="/wiki/Bolo_language" title="Bolo language">Bolo</a></li> <li>H24 <a href="/wiki/Nsongo_language" title="Nsongo language">Songo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">H30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>H31 <a href="/wiki/Yaka_language_(Congo%E2%80%93Angola)" title="Yaka language (Congo–Angola)">Yaka</a></li> <li>H32 <a href="/wiki/Suku_language" title="Suku language">Suku</a></li> <li>H33 [L12b] <a href="/wiki/Holu_language" title="Holu language">Hungu</a></li> <li>H34 <a href="/wiki/Mbangala_language" title="Mbangala language">Mbangala</a></li> <li>H35 <a href="/wiki/Shinji_language" title="Shinji language">Sinji</a></li> <li>[H321 <a href="/wiki/Sonde_language" title="Sonde language">Soonde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">H40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>H41 <a href="/wiki/Mbala_language" title="Mbala language">Mbala</a></li> <li>H42 <a href="/wiki/Hungana_language" title="Hungana language">Hunganna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a>.</li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie classification</a> is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_A%E2%80%93B)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_C%E2%80%93D)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_E%E2%80%93H)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_J%E2%80%93M)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_N%E2%80%93S)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_J–M)_(by_Guthrie_classification)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_J%E2%80%93M)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_J%E2%80%93M)" title="Template talk:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_J%E2%80%93M)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_J–M)_(by_Guthrie_classification)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Narrow <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bantu languages</a> (Zones J–M) (by <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie classification</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone J*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]D40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]D41 <a href="/wiki/Konjo_language_(Bantu)" title="Konjo language (Bantu)">Konzo</a></li> <li>[J]D42 <a href="/wiki/Nande_language" title="Nande language">Ndandi</a></li> <li>[J]D43 <a href="/wiki/Nyanga_language" title="Nyanga language">Nyanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]D50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]D51 <a href="/wiki/Hunde_language" title="Hunde language">Hunde</a></li> <li>[J]D52 <a href="/wiki/Havu_language" title="Havu language">Haavu</a></li> <li>[J]D53 <a href="/wiki/Shi_language" title="Shi language">Nyabungu</a></li> <li>[J]D54 <a href="/wiki/Bembe_language_(Ibembe)" title="Bembe language (Ibembe)">Bembe</a></li> <li>[J]D55 <a href="/wiki/Buyu_language" title="Buyu language">Buyi</a></li> <li>[J]D56 <a href="/wiki/Kabwari_language" title="Kabwari language">Kabwari</a></li> <li>[JD501 <a href="/wiki/Shi_language" title="Shi language">Nyindu</a></li> <li>[J]JD502 <a href="/wiki/Yaka_language_(Kivu)" title="Yaka language (Kivu)">Yaka</a></li> <li>[J]JD531 <a href="/wiki/Tembo_(Kitembo)_language" title="Tembo (Kitembo) language">Tembo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]D60</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]D61 <a href="/wiki/Kinyarwanda" title="Kinyarwanda">Ruanda</a></li> <li>[J]D62 <a href="/wiki/Kirundi" title="Kirundi">Rundi</a></li> <li>[J]D63 <a href="/wiki/Fuliiru_language" title="Fuliiru language">Fuliiro</a></li> <li>[J]D64 <a href="/wiki/Subi_language" title="Subi language">Subi</a></li> <li>[J]D65 <a href="/wiki/Hangaza_language" title="Hangaza language">Hangaza</a></li> <li>[J]D66 <a href="/wiki/Ha_language" title="Ha language">Ha</a></li> <li>[J]D67 <a href="/wiki/Vinza_language" title="Vinza language">Vinza</a></li> <li>[JD631 <a href="/wiki/Fuliiru_language" title="Fuliiru language">Vira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]E10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]E11 <a href="/wiki/Nyoro_language" title="Nyoro language">Nyoro</a></li> <li>[J]E12 <a href="/wiki/Tooro_language" title="Tooro language">Tooro</a></li> <li>[J]E13 <a href="/wiki/Nkore_language" title="Nkore language">Nyankore</a></li> <li>[J]E14 <a href="/wiki/Kiga_language" title="Kiga language">Ciga</a></li> <li>[J]E15 <a href="/wiki/Luganda" title="Luganda">Ganda</a></li> <li>[J]E16 <a href="/wiki/Soga_language" title="Soga language">Soga</a></li> <li>[J]E17 <a href="/wiki/Gwere_language" title="Gwere language">Gwere</a></li> <li>[J]E18 <a href="/wiki/Luhya_language" title="Luhya language">Nyala</a></li> <li>[JE101 <a href="/wiki/Gungu_language" title="Gungu language">Gungu</a></li> <li>JE102 <a href="/wiki/Talinga_language" title="Talinga language">Talinga-Bwisi</a></li> <li>JE103 <a href="/wiki/Ruuli_language" title="Ruuli language">Ruli</a></li> <li>JE121 <a href="/wiki/Hema_language" title="Hema language">Hema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]E20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]E21 <a href="/wiki/Nyambo_language" title="Nyambo language">Nyambo</a></li> <li>[J]E22 <a href="/wiki/Haya_language" title="Haya language">Ziba</a></li> <li>[J]E23 <a href="/wiki/Zinza_language" title="Zinza language">Dzindza</a></li> <li>[J]E24 <a href="/wiki/Kerewe_language" title="Kerewe language">Kerebe</a></li> <li>[J]E25 <a href="/wiki/Jita_language" title="Jita language">Jita</a></li> <li>[JE221 <a href="/wiki/Haya_language" title="Haya language">Rashi</a></li> <li>JE251 <a href="/wiki/Kwaya_language" title="Kwaya language">Kwaya</a></li> <li>JE252 <a href="/wiki/Kara_language_(Tanzania)" title="Kara language (Tanzania)">Kara</a></li> <li>JE253 <a href="/wiki/Kwaya_language" title="Kwaya language">Ruri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]E30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]E31a <a href="/wiki/Masaba_language" title="Masaba language">Gisu</a></li> <li>[J]E31b <a href="/wiki/Masaba_language" title="Masaba language">Kisu</a></li> <li>[J]E31c <a href="/wiki/Bukusu_dialect" title="Bukusu dialect">Bukusu</a></li> <li>[J]E32a <a href="/wiki/Luhya_language" title="Luhya language">Hanga</a></li> <li>[J]E32b <a href="/wiki/Luhya_language" title="Luhya language">Tsotso</a></li> <li>[J]E33 <a href="/wiki/Nyole_language_(Kenya)" title="Nyole language (Kenya)">Nyore</a></li> <li>[J]E34 <a href="/wiki/Samia_language" title="Samia language">Saamia</a></li> <li>[J]E35 <a href="/wiki/Nyole_language_(Uganda)" title="Nyole language (Uganda)">Nyuli</a></li> <li>[JE341 <a href="/wiki/Khayo_language" title="Khayo language">Xaayo</a></li> <li>JE342 <a href="/wiki/Marachi_language" title="Marachi language">Marachi</a></li> <li>JE343 <a href="/wiki/Samia_language" title="Samia language">Songa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]E40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]E41 <a href="/wiki/Logooli_language" title="Logooli language">Logooli</a></li> <li>[J]E42 <a href="/wiki/Gusii_language" title="Gusii language">Gusii</a></li> <li>[J]E43 <a href="/wiki/Kuria_language" title="Kuria language">Koria</a></li> <li>[J]E44 <a href="/wiki/Zanaki_language" title="Zanaki language">Zanaki</a></li> <li>[J]E45 <a href="/wiki/Ikoma_language" title="Ikoma language">Nata</a></li> <li>E46 <a href="/wiki/Sonjo_language" title="Sonjo language">Sonjo</a></li> <li>[JE401 <a href="/wiki/Ngoreme_language" title="Ngoreme language">Nguruimi</a></li> <li>JE402 <a href="/wiki/Ikizu_language" title="Ikizu language">Ikizu</a></li> <li>JE403 <a href="/wiki/Suba_language" title="Suba language">Suba</a>/<a href="/wiki/Suba-Simbiti_language" title="Suba-Simbiti language">Suba-Simbiti</a></li> <li>JE404 <a href="/wiki/Ikizu_language" title="Ikizu language">Shashi</a></li> <li>JE405 <a href="/wiki/Kabwa_language" title="Kabwa language">Kabwa</a></li> <li>JE406 <a href="/wiki/Singa_language" title="Singa language">Singa</a></li> <li>JE407 <a href="/wiki/Ware_language" title="Ware language">Ware</a></li> <li>JE411 <a href="/wiki/Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki_language" title="Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki language">Idaxo</a></li> <li>JE412 <a href="/wiki/Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki_language" title="Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki language">Isuxa</a></li> <li>JE413 <a href="/wiki/Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki_language" title="Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki language">Tiriki</a></li> <li>JE431 <a href="/wiki/Kuria_language" title="Kuria language">Simbiti</a></li> <li>JE432 <a href="/wiki/Kuria_language" title="Kuria language">Hacha</a></li> <li>JE433 <a href="/wiki/Kuria_language" title="Kuria language">Surwa</a></li> <li>JE434 <a href="/wiki/Kuria_language" title="Kuria language">Sweta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]F20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]F21 <a href="/wiki/Sukuma_language" title="Sukuma language">Sukuma</a></li> <li>[J]F22 <a href="/wiki/Nyamwezi_language" title="Nyamwezi language">Nyamwezi</a></li> <li>[J]F23 <a href="/wiki/Sumbwa_language" title="Sumbwa language">Sumbwa</a></li> <li>[J]F24 <a href="/wiki/Kimbu_language" title="Kimbu language">Kimbu</a></li> <li>[J]F25 <a href="/wiki/Bungu_language" title="Bungu language">Bungu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone K</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>K11 <a href="/wiki/Chokwe_language" title="Chokwe language">Chokwe</a></li> <li>K12a <a href="/wiki/Luimbi_language" title="Luimbi language">Luimbi</a></li> <li>K12b <a href="/wiki/Luchazi" title="Luchazi">Nyemba</a></li> <li>K13 <a href="/wiki/Luchazi" title="Luchazi">Lucazi</a></li> <li>K14 <a href="/wiki/Luvale_language" title="Luvale language">Lwena</a></li> <li>K15 <a href="/wiki/Mbunda_language" title="Mbunda language">Mbunda</a></li> <li>K16 <a href="/wiki/Nyengo_language" title="Nyengo language">Nyengo</a></li> <li>K17 <a href="/wiki/Luchazi" title="Luchazi">Mbwela</a></li> <li>K18 <a href="/wiki/Mbunda_language" title="Mbunda language">Nkangala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>K21 <a href="/wiki/Lozi_language" title="Lozi language">Lozi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>K31 <a href="/wiki/Luyana_language" title="Luyana language">Luyana</a></li> <li>K32 <a href="/wiki/Mbowe_language" title="Mbowe language">Mbowe</a></li> <li>K33 <a href="/wiki/Kwangali_language" title="Kwangali language">Kwangali</a></li> <li>K34 <a href="/wiki/Mashi_language" title="Mashi language">Mashi</a></li> <li>K35 <a href="/wiki/Simaa_language" title="Simaa language">Simaa</a></li> <li>K36 <a href="/wiki/Shanjo_language" title="Shanjo language">Sanjo</a></li> <li>K37 <a href="/wiki/Kwangwa_language" title="Kwangwa language">Kwangwa</a></li> <li>[K321 <a href="/wiki/Mbowe_language" title="Mbowe language">Mbume</a></li> <li>K322 <a href="/wiki/Mbowe_language" title="Mbowe language">Liyuwa</a></li> <li>K332 <a href="/wiki/Dciriku_language" title="Dciriku language">Manyo</a></li> <li>K333 <a href="/wiki/Mbukushu_language" title="Mbukushu language">Mbukushu</a></li> <li>K334 <a href="/wiki/Dciriku_language" title="Dciriku language">Mbogedu</a></li> <li>K351 <a href="/wiki/Simaa_language" title="Simaa language">Mulonga</a></li> <li>K352 <a href="/wiki/Simaa_language" title="Simaa language">Mwenyi</a></li> <li>K353 <a href="/wiki/Simaa_language" title="Simaa language">Koma</a></li> <li>K354 <a href="/wiki/Simaa_language" title="Simaa language">Imilangu</a></li> <li>K371 <a href="/wiki/Kwangwa_language" title="Kwangwa language">Kwandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>K41 <a href="/wiki/Totela_language" title="Totela language">Totela</a></li> <li>K42 <a href="/wiki/Kuhane_language" title="Kuhane language">Subiya</a></li> <li>[K402 <a href="/wiki/Fwe_language" title="Fwe language">Fwe</a></li> <li>K411 <a href="/wiki/Totela_language" title="Totela language">Totela of Namibia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone L</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>L11 <a href="/wiki/Pende_language" title="Pende language">Pende</a></li> <li>L12 <a href="/wiki/Holu_language" title="Holu language">Samba</a> & <a href="/wiki/Holu_language" title="Holu language">Holu</a></li> <li>L13 <a href="/wiki/Kwese_language" title="Kwese language">Kwese</a></li> <li>[L101 <a href="/wiki/Sonde_language" title="Sonde language">Sonde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>L21 <a href="/wiki/Kete_language" title="Kete language">Kete</a></li> <li>L22 <a href="/wiki/Binji_language" title="Binji language">Binji</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lwalu_language" title="Lwalu language">Mbagani</a></li></ul></li> <li>L23 <a href="/wiki/Songe_language" title="Songe language">Songe</a></li> <li>L24 <a href="/wiki/Luna_language" title="Luna language">Luna</a></li> <li>[L201 <a href="/wiki/Budya_language" title="Budya language">Budya</a></li> <li>L202 <a href="/wiki/Hemba_language" title="Hemba language">Yazi</a></li> <li>L221 <a href="/wiki/Lwalu_language" title="Lwalu language">Lwalwa</a></li> <li>L231 <a href="/wiki/Binji_language" title="Binji language">Binji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>L31a <a href="/wiki/Luba-Kasai_language" title="Luba-Kasai language">Luba-Kasai</a></li> <li>L31b <a href="/wiki/Luba-Kasai_language" title="Luba-Kasai language">Lulua</a></li> <li>L32 <a href="/wiki/Kanyok_language" title="Kanyok language">Kanyoka</a></li> <li>L33 <a href="/wiki/Luba-Katanga_language" title="Luba-Katanga language">Luba-Katanga</a></li> <li>L34 <a href="/wiki/Hemba_language" title="Hemba language">Hemba</a></li> <li>L35 <a href="/wiki/Sanga_language_(Bantu)" title="Sanga language (Bantu)">Sanga</a></li> <li>[L301 <a href="/wiki/Kebwe_language" title="Kebwe language">Kebwe</a></li> <li>L331 <a href="/wiki/Zela_language" title="Zela language">Zeela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>L41 <a href="/wiki/Kaonde_language" title="Kaonde language">Kaonde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>L51 <a href="/wiki/Salampasu_language" title="Salampasu language">Salampasu</a></li> <li>L52 <a href="/wiki/Lunda_language" title="Lunda language">Lunda</a></li> <li>L53 <a href="/wiki/Ruund_language" title="Ruund language">Ruund</a></li> <li>[L511 <a href="/wiki/Salampasu_language" title="Salampasu language">Luntu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L60</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>L61 <a href="/wiki/Nkoya_language" title="Nkoya language">Mbwera</a></li> <li>L62 <a href="/wiki/Nkoya_language" title="Nkoya language">Nkoya</a></li> <li>[L601 <a href="/wiki/Nkoya_language" title="Nkoya language">Kolwe</a></li> <li>L602 <a href="/wiki/Nkoya_language" title="Nkoya language">Lushangi</a></li> <li>L603 <a href="/wiki/Nkoya_language" title="Nkoya language">Shasha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone M</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>M11 <a href="/wiki/Pimbwe_language" title="Pimbwe language">Pimbwe</a></li> <li>M12 <a href="/wiki/Rungwa_language" title="Rungwa language">Rungwa</a></li> <li>M13 <a href="/wiki/Fipa_language" title="Fipa language">Fipa</a></li> <li>M14 <a href="/wiki/Mambwe-Lungu_language" title="Mambwe-Lungu language">Rungu</a></li> <li>M15 <a href="/wiki/Mambwe-Lungu_language" title="Mambwe-Lungu language">Mambwe</a></li> <li>[M131 <a href="/wiki/Fipa_language" title="Fipa language">Kuulwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>M21 <a href="/wiki/Wanda_language" title="Wanda language">Wanda</a></li> <li>M22 <a href="/wiki/Mwanga_language" title="Mwanga language">Mwanga</a></li> <li>M23 <a href="/wiki/Nyiha_language" title="Nyiha language">Nyiha</a></li> <li>M24 <a href="/wiki/Malila_language" title="Malila language">Malila</a></li> <li>M25 <a href="/wiki/Safwa_language" title="Safwa language">Safwa</a></li> <li>M26 <a href="/wiki/Mwanga_language" title="Mwanga language">Iwa</a></li> <li>M27 <a href="/wiki/Mwanga_language" title="Mwanga language">Tambo</a></li> <li>[M201 <a href="/wiki/Lambya_language" title="Lambya language">Lambya</a></li> <li>M202 <a href="/wiki/Lambya_language" title="Lambya language">Sukwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>M31 <a href="/wiki/Nyakyusa_language" title="Nyakyusa language">Nyakyusa</a></li> <li>[M301 <a href="/wiki/Ndali_language" title="Ndali language">Ndali</a></li> <li>M302 <a href="/wiki/Penja_language" title="Penja language">Penja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>M41 <a href="/wiki/Taabwa_language" title="Taabwa language">Taabwa</a></li> <li>M42 <a href="/wiki/Bemba_language" title="Bemba language">Bemba</a></li> <li>[M401 <a href="/wiki/Bwile_language" title="Bwile language">Bwile</a></li> <li>M402 <a href="/wiki/Aushi_language" title="Aushi language">Aushi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>M51 <a href="/wiki/Lala-Bisa_language" title="Lala-Bisa language">Biisa</a></li> <li>M52 <a href="/wiki/Lala-Bisa_language" title="Lala-Bisa language">Lala</a></li> <li>M53 <a href="/wiki/Lala-Bisa_language" title="Lala-Bisa language">Swaka</a></li> <li>M54 <a href="/wiki/Lamba_language" title="Lamba language">Lamba</a></li> <li>M55 <a href="/wiki/Seba_language" title="Seba language">Seba</a></li> <li>[M521 <a href="/wiki/Lala-Bisa_language" title="Lala-Bisa language">Ambo</a></li> <li>M522 <a href="/wiki/Lala-Bisa_language" title="Lala-Bisa language">Luano</a></li> <li>M541 <a href="/wiki/Lamba_language" title="Lamba language">Lima</a></li> <li>M542 <a href="/wiki/Lamba_language" title="Lamba language">Temba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M60</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>M61 <a href="/wiki/Lenje_language" title="Lenje language">Lenje</a></li> <li>M62 <a href="/wiki/Soli_language" title="Soli language">Soli</a></li> <li>M63 <a href="/wiki/Ila_language" title="Ila language">Ila</a></li> <li>M64 <a href="/wiki/Tonga_language_(Zambia_and_Zimbabwe)" title="Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)">Tonga</a></li> <li>[M611 <a href="/wiki/Lenje_language" title="Lenje language">Lukanga Twa</a></li> <li>M631 <a href="/wiki/Ila_language" title="Ila language">Sala</a></li> <li>M632 <a href="/wiki/Ila_language" title="Ila language">Lundwe</a></li> <li>M633 <a href="/wiki/Kafwe_Twa" title="Kafwe Twa">Kafue Twa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a>.</li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie classification</a> is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_A%E2%80%93B)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_C%E2%80%93D)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_E%E2%80%93H)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_J%E2%80%93M)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_N%E2%80%93S)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_N–S)_(by_Guthrie_classification)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_N%E2%80%93S)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_N%E2%80%93S)" title="Template talk:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_N%E2%80%93S)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_N–S)_(by_Guthrie_classification)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Narrow <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bantu languages</a> (Zones N–S) (by <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie classification</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone N</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">N10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>N11 <a href="/wiki/Manda-Matumba_language" title="Manda-Matumba language">Manda</a></li> <li>N12 <a href="/wiki/Ngoni_language" title="Ngoni language">Ngoni</a></li> <li>N13 <a href="/wiki/Matengo_language" title="Matengo language">Matengo</a></li> <li>N14 <a href="/wiki/Mpoto_language" title="Mpoto language">Mpoto</a></li> <li>N15 <a href="/wiki/Tonga_language_(Malawi)" title="Tonga language (Malawi)">Tonga</a></li> <li>[N101 <a href="/wiki/Ndendeule_language" title="Ndendeule language">Ndendeule</a></li> <li>N102 <a href="/wiki/Nindi_language" title="Nindi language">Nindi</a></li> <li>N121 <a href="/wiki/Ngoni_language" title="Ngoni language">Ngoni of Malawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">N20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>N21 <a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_language" title="Tumbuka language">Tumbuka</a></li> <li>[N201 <a href="/wiki/Mbamba_Bay_language" title="Mbamba Bay language">Mwera of Mbamba Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">N30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>N31a <a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Nyanja</a></li> <li>N31b <a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Cewa</a></li> <li>N31c <a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Manganja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">N40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>N41 <a href="/wiki/Nsenga_language" title="Nsenga language">Nsenga</a></li> <li>N42 <a href="/wiki/Kunda_language" title="Kunda language">Kunda</a></li> <li>N43 <a href="/wiki/Nyungwe_language" title="Nyungwe language">Nyungwe</a></li> <li>N44 <a href="/wiki/Sena_language" title="Sena language">Sena</a></li> <li>N45[44] <a href="/wiki/Sena_language" title="Sena language">Rue</a></li> <li>N46[44] <a href="/wiki/Sena_language" title="Sena language">Podzo</a></li> <li>[N441 <a href="/wiki/Sena_language" title="Sena language">Sena-Malawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone P</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">P10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>P11 <a href="/wiki/Ndengereko_language" title="Ndengereko language">Ndengereko</a></li> <li>P12 <a href="/wiki/Ndengereko_language" title="Ndengereko language">Ruihi</a></li> <li>P13 <a href="/wiki/Matumbi_language" title="Matumbi language">Matumbi</a></li> <li>P14 <a href="/wiki/Ngindo_language" title="Ngindo language">Ngindo</a></li> <li>P15 <a href="/wiki/Mbunga_language" title="Mbunga language">Mbunga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">P20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>P21 <a href="/wiki/Yao_language" title="Yao language">Yao</a></li> <li>P22 <a href="/wiki/Mwera_language" title="Mwera language">Mwera</a></li> <li>P23 <a href="/wiki/Makonde_language" title="Makonde language">Makonde</a></li> <li>P24 <a href="/wiki/Makonde_language" title="Makonde language">Ndonde</a></li> <li>P25 <a href="/wiki/Makonde_language" title="Makonde language">Mabiha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">P30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>P31 <a href="/wiki/Makhuwa_language" title="Makhuwa language">Makua</a></li> <li>P32 <a href="/wiki/Lomwe_language" title="Lomwe language">Lomwe</a></li> <li>P33 <a href="/wiki/Lomwe_language" title="Lomwe language">Ngulu</a></li> <li>P34 <a href="/wiki/Chuwabu_language" title="Chuwabu language">Cuabo</a></li> <li>[P311 <a href="/wiki/Koti_language" title="Koti language">Koti</a></li> <li>P312 <a href="/wiki/Nathembo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathembo language">Sakati</a></li> <li>P331 <a href="/wiki/Malawi_Lomwe_language" title="Malawi Lomwe language">Lomwe of Malawi</a></li> <li>P341 <a href="/wiki/Moniga_language" title="Moniga language">Moniga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone R</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>R11 <a href="/wiki/Umbundu" title="Umbundu">Umbundu</a></li> <li>R12 <a href="/wiki/Ndombe_language" title="Ndombe language">Ndombe</a></li> <li>R13 <a href="/wiki/Nyaneka_language" title="Nyaneka language">Nyaneka</a></li> <li>R14 <a href="/wiki/Nkumbi_language" title="Nkumbi language">Khumbi</a></li> <li>[R101 <a href="/wiki/Kuvale_language" title="Kuvale language">Kuvale</a></li> <li>R102 <a href="/wiki/Kwisi_people" title="Kwisi people">Kwisi</a></li> <li>R103 <a href="/wiki/Mbali_language" title="Mbali language">Mbali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>R21 <a href="/wiki/Kwanyama_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwanyama dialect">Kwanyama</a></li> <li>R22 <a href="/wiki/Ndonga_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndonga dialect">Ndonga</a></li> <li>R23 <a href="/wiki/Kwambi_dialect" title="Kwambi dialect">Kwambi</a></li> <li>R24 <a href="/wiki/Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Ngandyera</a></li> <li>[R211 <a href="/wiki/Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Kafima</a></li> <li>R212 <a href="/wiki/Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Evale</a></li> <li>R213 <a href="/wiki/Mbandja_language" title="Mbandja language">Mbandja</a></li> <li>R214 <a href="/wiki/Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Mbalanhu</a></li> <li>R215 <a href="/wiki/Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Ndongwena</a></li> <li>R216 <a href="/wiki/Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Kwankwa</a></li> <li>R217 <a href="/wiki/Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Dombondola</a></li> <li>R218 <a href="/wiki/Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Esinga</a></li> <li>R241 <a href="/wiki/Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Kwaluudhi</a></li> <li>R242 <a href="/wiki/Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Kolonkadhi-Eunda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>R31 <a href="/wiki/Herero_language" title="Herero language">Herero</a></li> <li>[R311 <a href="/wiki/Zemba_language" title="Zemba language">North-West Herero</a></li> <li>R312 <a href="/wiki/Herero_language" title="Herero language">Botswana Herero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>R41 <a href="/wiki/Yeyi_language" title="Yeyi language">Yei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone S</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>S11 <a href="/wiki/Shona_language" title="Shona language">Korekore</a></li> <li>S12 <a href="/wiki/Shona_language" title="Shona language">Zezuru</a></li> <li>S13a <a href="/wiki/Manyika_dialect" title="Manyika dialect">Manyika</a></li> <li>S13b <a href="/wiki/Manyika_dialect" title="Manyika dialect">Tebe</a></li> <li>S14 <a href="/wiki/Shona_language" title="Shona language">Karanga</a></li> <li>S15 <a href="/wiki/Ndau_dialect" title="Ndau dialect">Ndau</a></li> <li>S16 <a href="/wiki/Kalanga_language" title="Kalanga language">Kalanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>S21 <a href="/wiki/Venda_language" title="Venda language">Venda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>S31a <a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a></li> <li>S31b <a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Kgatla</a></li> <li>S31c <a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Ngwatu</a></li> <li>S31d[311] <a href="/wiki/Kgalagadi_language" title="Kgalagadi language">Khalaxadi</a></li> <li>S32a <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho" title="Northern Sotho">Pedi</a></li> <li>S32b <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho" title="Northern Sotho">Lobedu</a></li> <li>S33 <a href="/wiki/Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Sotho</a></li> <li>[S301 <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho#Other_varieties_of_Northern_Sotho" title="Northern Sotho">Phalaborwa</a></li> <li>S302 <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho#Other_varieties_of_Northern_Sotho" title="Northern Sotho">Kutswe</a></li> <li>S303 <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho#Other_varieties_of_Northern_Sotho" title="Northern Sotho">Pai</a></li> <li>S304 <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho#Other_varieties_of_Northern_Sotho" title="Northern Sotho">Pulana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>S41 <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a></li> <li>S42 <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a></li> <li>S43 <a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swati</a></li> <li>S44 <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_language" title="Northern Ndebele language">(Northern) Ndebele</a></li> <li>[S401 <a href="/wiki/Fengu_people" title="Fengu people">Old Mfengu</a></li> <li>S402 <a href="/wiki/Bhaca_language" title="Bhaca language">Bhaca</a></li> <li>S403 <a href="/wiki/Hlubi_language" title="Hlubi language">Hlubi</a></li> <li>S404 <a href="/wiki/Phuthi_language" title="Phuthi language">Phuthi</a></li> <li>S405 <a href="/wiki/Nhlangwini_language" title="Nhlangwini language">Nhlangwini</a></li> <li>S406 <a href="/wiki/Lala_language_(South_Africa)" title="Lala language (South Africa)">Lala</a></li> <li>S407 <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ndebele_language" title="Southern Ndebele language">South Ndebele</a></li> <li>S408 <a href="/wiki/Sumayela_Ndebele_language" title="Sumayela Ndebele language">Sumayela Ndebele</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>S51 <a href="/wiki/Tswa_language" title="Tswa language">Tswa</a></li> <li>S52[53] <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Gwamba</a></li> <li>S53 <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a></li> <li>S54 <a href="/wiki/Ronga_language" title="Ronga language">Ronga</a></li> <li>[S511 <a href="/wiki/Tswa_language" title="Tswa language">Hlengwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S60</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>S61 <a href="/wiki/Chopi_language" title="Chopi language">Copi</a></li> <li>S62 <a href="/wiki/Tonga_language_(Mozambique)" title="Tonga language (Mozambique)">Tonga</a></li> <li>[S611 <a href="/wiki/Chopi_language" title="Chopi language">Lenge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a>.</li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie classification</a> is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_A%E2%80%93B)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_C%E2%80%93D)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_E%E2%80%93H)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_J%E2%80%93M)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_N%E2%80%93S)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bantu_religion_and_folklore" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #bdfdfb;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bantu" title="Template:Bantu"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bantu" title="Template talk:Bantu"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bantu" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bantu"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bantu_religion_and_folklore" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bantu religion and folklore</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #bdfdfb;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Bantu_language" title="Proto-Bantu language">Proto-Bantu language</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bantu languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #bdfdfb;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d6fefd;;width:1%">Religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_religion" title="Bantu religion">Bantu religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badimo" title="Badimo">Badimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dini_Ya_Msambwa" title="Dini Ya Msambwa">Dini Ya Msambwa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Luhya_people" title="Luhya people">Luhya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_religion" title="Kongo religion">Kongo religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyau" title="Nyau">Nyau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chewa_people" title="Chewa people">Chewa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religion_in_Zimbabwe" title="Indigenous religion in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwean</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_people" title="Northern Ndebele people">Ndebele</a> & <a href="/wiki/Shona_people" title="Shona people">Shona</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_traditional_religion" title="Zulu traditional religion">Zulu religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d6fefd;;width:1%">Deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akongo" title="Akongo">Akongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunzi" title="Bunzi">Bunzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalumba" title="Kalumba">Kalumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kianda" title="Kianda">Kianda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibuka_(deity)" title="Kibuka (deity)">Kibuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebege" title="Mebege">Mebege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukasa_(deity)" title="Mukasa (deity)">Mukasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisa" title="Muisa">Muisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwari" title="Mwari">Mwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njambe_(god)" title="Njambe (god)">Njambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyambe" title="Nyambe">Nyambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzambi_a_Mpungu" title="Nzambi a Mpungu">Nzambi Mpungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzambici" title="Nzambici">Nzambici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzame" title="Nzame">Nzame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d6fefd;;width:1%">Spirits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jengu" title="Jengu">Jengu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mami_Wata" title="Mami Wata">Mami Wata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkisi" title="Nkisi">Nkisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkondi" title="Nkondi">Nkondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetani" title="Shetani">Shetani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simbi" title="Simbi">Simbi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d6fefd;;width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kal%C3%BBnga_Line" title="Kalûnga Line">Kalûnga Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_cosmogram" title="Kongo cosmogram">Kongo cosmogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkisi" title="Nkisi">Nkisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkondi" title="Nkondi">Nkondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nganga" title="Nganga">Nganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okuyi" title="Okuyi">Okuyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebola" title="Zebola">Zebola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #bdfdfb;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d6fefd;;width:1%">Legendary beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimanaueze" title="Kimanaueze">Kimanaueze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwindo_epic" title="Mwindo epic">Mwindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwuetsi" title="Mwuetsi">Mwuetsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambi_(mythology)" title="Nambi (mythology)">Nambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyongo_society" title="Nyongo society">Nyongo society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudika-mbambi" title="Sudika-mbambi">Sudika-mbambi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d6fefd;;width:1%">Legendary creatures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abada_(unicorn)" title="Abada (unicorn)">Abada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eloko" title="Eloko">Eloko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koolakamba" title="Koolakamba">Koolakamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbwiri" title="Mbwiri">Mbwiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokele-mbembe" title="Mokele-mbembe">Mokele-mbembe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obambo" title="Obambo">Obambo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #bdfdfb;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Bantu diaspora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d6fefd;;width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">African diaspora religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cat_bone" title="Black cat bone">Black cat bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Bantu" title="Candomblé Bantu">Candomblé Bantu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Afro-Brazilians" title="Afro-Brazilians">Brazil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goofer_dust" title="Goofer dust">Goofer dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_(spirituality)" title="Hoodoo (spirituality)">Hoodoo</a> (<a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">USA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_foot_powder" title="Hot foot powder">Hot foot powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbaya" title="Kumbaya">Kumbaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(African-American_culture)" title="Mojo (African-American culture)">Mojo bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_shout" title="Ring shout">Ring shout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d6fefd;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boo_hag" title="Boo hag">Boo hag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Square" title="Congo Square">Congo Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah_Jack" title="Gullah Jack">Gullah Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Conqueror" title="John the Conqueror">John the Conqueror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #bdfdfb;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bantu_peoples" title="Category:Bantu peoples">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Niger–Congo_branches" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Niger%E2%80%93Congo_branches" title="Template:Niger–Congo branches"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Niger%E2%80%93Congo_branches" title="Template talk:Niger–Congo branches"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Niger%E2%80%93Congo_branches" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Niger–Congo branches"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Niger–Congo_branches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a> branches</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Atlantic–Congo languages">Atlantic–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Savannas_languages" title="Savannas languages">Savannas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_languages" title="Adamawa languages">Adamawa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bena%E2%80%93Mboi_languages" title="Bena–Mboi languages">Bena–Mboi</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bikwin%E2%80%93Jen_languages" title="Bikwin–Jen languages">Bikwin–Jen</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bua_languages" title="Bua languages">Bua</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_language" title="Day language">Day</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fali_languages_(Cameroon)" title="Fali languages (Cameroon)">Fali</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kim_languages" title="Kim languages">Kim</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwah_language" title="Kwah language">Kwah (Baa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longuda_language" title="Longuda language">Longuda</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mbum_languages" title="Mbum languages">Mbum (Kebi–Benue)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mumuye_languages" title="Mumuye languages">Mumuye</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingwom_language" title="Nyingwom language">Nyingwom (Kam)</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Duru_languages" title="Duru languages">Samba–Duru</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tula%E2%80%93Waja_languages" title="Tula–Waja languages">Tula–Waja</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yendang_languages" title="Yendang languages">Yendang (Maya)</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gur_languages" title="Gur languages">Gur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gur_languages" title="Gur languages">Central Gur</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulango_languages" title="Kulango languages">Kulango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yobe_language" title="Yobe language">Miyobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samo_language_(Burkina)" title="Samo language (Burkina)">Samo (Burkina)</a> ?</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Senufo_languages" title="Senufo languages">Senufo</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiefo_language" title="Tiefo language">Tiefo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tusya_language" title="Tusya language">Tusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viemo_language" title="Viemo language">Viemo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ubangian_languages" title="Ubangian languages">Ubangian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Banda_languages" title="Banda languages">Banda</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gbaya_languages" title="Gbaya languages">Gbaya</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mba_languages" title="Mba languages">Mba</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ngbaka_languages" title="Ngbaka languages">Ngbaka (Mundu–Baka)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngbandi_language" title="Ngbandi language">Ngbandi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sere_languages" title="Sere languages">Sere (Ndogo)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zande_languages" title="Zande languages">Zande</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volta%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Volta–Congo languages">Volta–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benue%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Benue–Congo languages">Benue–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platoid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jukunoid_languages" title="Jukunoid languages">Jukunoid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kainji_languages" title="Kainji languages">Kainji</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Plateau_languages" title="Plateau languages">Plateau</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cross_River_languages" title="Cross River languages">Cross River</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Central_Delta_languages" title="Central Delta languages">Central Delta</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lower_Cross_River_languages" title="Lower Cross River languages">Lower Cross River</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ogoni_languages" title="Ogoni languages">Ogoni</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Upper_Cross_River_languages" title="Upper Cross River languages">Upper Cross River</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Bantoid_languages" title="Northern Bantoid languages">Northern Bantoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dakoid_languages" title="Dakoid languages">Dakoid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mambiloid_languages" title="Mambiloid languages">Mambiloid</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikar_language" title="Tikar language">Tikar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Bantoid_languages" title="Southern Bantoid languages">Southern Bantoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bantu</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Beboid_languages" title="Beboid languages">Beboid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bendi_languages" title="Bendi languages">Bendi</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ekoid_languages" title="Ekoid languages">Ekoid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Grassfields_languages" title="Grassfields languages">Grassfields</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tivoid_languages" title="Tivoid languages">Tivoid</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volta%E2%80%93Niger_languages" title="Volta–Niger languages">Volta–Niger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akoko_language" title="Akoko language">Akoko</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Akpes_language" title="Akpes language">Akpes</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ayere%E2%80%93Ahan_languages" title="Ayere–Ahan languages">Ayere–Ahan</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Edoid_languages" title="Edoid languages">Edoid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gbe_languages" title="Gbe languages">Gbe</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Idomoid_languages" title="Idomoid languages">Idomoid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Igboid_languages" title="Igboid languages">Igboid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nupoid_languages" title="Nupoid languages">Nupoid</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oko_language" title="Oko language">Oko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukaan_language" title="Ukaan language">Ukaan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yoruboid_languages" title="Yoruboid languages">Yoruboid</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Atlantic_languages" title="West Atlantic languages">West Atlantic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bak_languages" title="Bak languages">Bak</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bijago_language" title="Bijago language">Bijago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gola_language" title="Gola language">Gola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limba_language" title="Limba language">Limba</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mel_languages" title="Mel languages">Mel</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalu_language" title="Nalu language">Nalu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rio_Nunez_languages" title="Rio Nunez languages">Rio Nunez</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Senegambian_languages" title="Senegambian languages">Senegambian</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sua_language" title="Sua language">Sua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others (<a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dompo_language" title="Dompo language">Dompo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ega_language" title="Ega language">Ega</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kru_languages" title="Kru languages">Kru</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kwa_languages" title="Kwa languages">Kwa</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangree_language" title="Mangree language">Mangree</a></i> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbre_language" title="Mbre language">Mbre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mpra_language" title="Mpra language">Mpra</a></i> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamou_language" title="Siamou language">Siamou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mande_languages" title="Mande languages">Mande</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mande_languages" title="Eastern Mande languages">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bissa_language" title="Bissa language">Bissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busa_language_(Mande)" title="Busa language (Mande)">Busa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Boko_language" title="Boko language">Boko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samo_language_(Burkina)" title="Samo language (Burkina)">Samo (Burkina)</a> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanga_language" title="Shanga language">Shanga</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kyenga_language" title="Kyenga language">Tyenga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Mande_languages" title="Southern Mande languages">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_language" title="Dan language">Dan</a>–<a href="/wiki/Goo_language" title="Goo language">Goo</a>–<a href="/wiki/Tura_language" title="Tura language">Tura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gban_language" title="Gban language">Gban</a>–<a href="/wiki/Beng_language" title="Beng language">Beng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guro_language" title="Guro language">Guro</a>–<a href="/wiki/Yaure_language" title="Yaure language">Yaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_language" title="Mano language">Mano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwan_language" title="Mwan language">Mwa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Wan_language" title="Wan language">Wan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central West<br />(Manding–Kpelle)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jogo_languages" title="Jogo languages">Jogo</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manding_languages" title="Manding languages">Manding</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mokole_languages" title="Mokole languages">Mokole</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soso%E2%80%93Jalonke_languages" title="Soso–Jalonke languages">Soso–Jalonke (Susu–Yalunka)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mande_languages" title="Southwestern Mande languages">Southwestern Mande</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vai%E2%80%93Kono_languages" title="Vai–Kono languages">Vai–Kono</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northwest<br />(Samogo–Soninke)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobo_language" title="Bobo language">Bobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jowulu_language" title="Jowulu language">Jowulu (Jɔ)</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Samogo_languages" title="Samogo languages">Samogo (partial: Duun–Sembla)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soninke%E2%80%93Bozo_languages" title="Soninke–Bozo languages">Soninke–Bozo</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kordofanian_languages" title="Kordofanian languages">Kordofanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Katloid_languages" title="Katloid languages">Katla</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lafofa_languages" title="Lafofa languages">Lafofa</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rashad_languages" title="Rashad languages">Rashad</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Talodi%E2%80%93Heiban_languages" title="Talodi–Heiban languages">Talodi–Heiban</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defaka_language" title="Defaka language">Defaka</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dogon_languages" title="Dogon languages">Dogon</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ijoid_languages" title="Ijoid languages">Ijoid</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangime_language" title="Bangime language">Bangime</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jalaa_language" title="Jalaa language">Jalaa</a></i> ?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komta_language" title="Komta language">Komta</a></i> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laal_language" title="Laal language">Laal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unclassified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Degere" title="Degere">Degere</a> ?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dima-Bottego_language" title="Dima-Bottego language">Dima-Bottego</a></i> ?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omaio_language" title="Omaio language">Omaio</a></i> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimba_language" title="Rimba language">Rimba</a> ?</li> <li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Serengeti-Dorobo_language" title="Serengeti-Dorobo language">Serengeti-Dorobo</a></i>" ?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wawu_language" title="Wawu language">Wawu</a></i> ?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proto-languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Niger%E2%80%93Congo_language" title="Proto-Niger–Congo language">Proto-Niger–Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Bantu_language" title="Proto-Bantu language">Proto-Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Yoruboid_language" title="Proto-Yoruboid language">Proto-Yoruboid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33146#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33146#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Langues bantoues"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13318498w">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="bantuské jazyky"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph285139&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lenguas bantúes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4576477">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007283000605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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