CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135f9a169ca6020',cH: 'bCmbuDoeEgtuk1xaGvnby_AdpifoapTExWODB.5odMU-1739797381-1.2.1.1-5_zvpokSR4fhFXOTsZNtDIh2PfMUdAf15lVlVvMkxTHbzh_JMpdnZ36LHR4hfmjJ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Yasmin%20Rashid&__cf_chl_tk=0flOu5eWjSgmkfyUg9cmxLtRIhwLmx5j8KHwQQkEDI4-1739797381-1.0.1.1-SHwTZyLnTzIbTr14lJM8gN3LiaR8w49B0iaDpgDV4cU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739797381',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Yasmin%20Rashid&__cf_chl_f_tk=0flOu5eWjSgmkfyUg9cmxLtRIhwLmx5j8KHwQQkEDI4-1739797381-1.0.1.1-SHwTZyLnTzIbTr14lJM8gN3LiaR8w49B0iaDpgDV4cU",md: "XZhqoaRlTC8Ew4HNwUJ9Dju84R9g.1MFFP173UPnzrU-1739797381-1.2.1.1-wDPyS2KHIa6RU.WfV0pxIeQu6NSlmKDoAREmt2MgaorGyN37FihwcLWz0pGevUfsoshwH9z0Tbi3IMfWiPbRa9lpglMmtjMkCuu2OUly9TYFM16GWUbGtGoaAo2da4uiN117awcjPqk1kG9fhz2rxFS18LfdQaTvWBVeibhpH1p9ACJ4ME.T_uRcjxicp.19M1QkYFhbsM.HtZnTcAp66hXYdHjf07NqAaBJtMr.Gst2OQHMXpQ3AF_ySly.bZBtfKaGtRoVn_7IMVhoZ7z3wswoSaCP5p1tXCmpSSLglrXkYHaK4gduu.LMzT9.4Jfm5JQS9FBXY6jLYGMDiDK2TCSzmcK2lf4Z1QHSeZM4QrGYXSg3rd.Ju9pblWOrm56JydhMLKSl7fgCC_mYLy0KMobpajI6jFVvpWgiLq4DPuWn5_C3RtwaDfgHUGdyAMD73Z4w18BQmRBfqv5QgLOvQQ.PFUuFaH7oOJRh1MqqjVdgRnUsi3FlqlhNJkVbiqBT5IlARZslIV1NSpScPkXB62_gLXHk_IMNym0HR_bVVzDNQkMc.Bywk9DeZ.WcR8OMc45q8Uuf0FFs8xhjQ7QSepErKNw._Fu1wMlHIQU58sjEaBVSezuPTkAFOS.YFENQ9B2phrZ9DN6gvWY.K9osF8SbllSJ6ruEkXm4eUxKWsCFJwZYPdzPDOhLc6X2DIPukkLfCIdGoDSUieLKJcpCJkTSTB1PhJV6jnBojWBXrrHrANaMb3MbOyQgKi1A_c9ZpgcAJoe0eurd8p8OkXXZd0i8mJxxKCrLVGeAqejdfl80e36MktXsIIHZo5rYd0vR7Zat9F5qkLAxB4sm7emJfot1EkViOLeSTvzlNXc8IeGGn_NL_Awia6gYUSgoKHcJJHYwR3YVacei9iw6xqDCVuIj9jMHpsNaTIIw60UQo7OhgTNysXDIFE8OQFGPFnYyh5PNIuxYUjYIiGysnFOT23lbVgwDaGDfjuXr4WV3mz.EpA942OD4jI_S3lvh8pcz18jnuI44yMJ0jdn1RXG.u3wn0Aa_6iXVmkq9P.StymK0adWHYtYzJRzH5g5X7te4iZyjVjzmSrHzvPnLggU8PweKW4gUW1orsnpaaybpeNAROZUN4PV756tKX7J24f.4ZlpZlX8Lgu_BlbzsPFuFfS0X2UyYDmuNQRB3fSg6dP4S1IIBL9J.GIqpNmGHtAR39NmuDjK8Zew24YiGk.4yRUmrO8rx_kwcd0AqR_m6my5y8cDaiib4HlA93rJGSdIQFriZeVocBY8KIzV2Idn8JGr0vdRevTzXocAS2A72IXGxWxS1UL4RRQqyET7UBb.PutvSHNZkuIbBIUi99lmlDDqB3TkJPL_xZ4fFcZITGXYhLc70SU5ORvw2a5WZZ26pPbKSO7mRfiL.oyIm1BQQqPzTVhhdgj.VysoFB8dS5cFssT21Nce6bZSbWsUFN8_KdFoMwv1zz2IT4FoAqnEGQlEdyxHHmp9d4XbAL8faSJZHjLu_gL0i6kmJmEDNzht5C.7EMSsSBXBLQhlYXBUeo3UfT4ZNBJMnexFupSXbP9T9PP4H1bf.AwLD7SzAoZLrS_rpBxiTLPVlHju2xtvtYaqhKH2Ro.UKlp3e3UWPdCX9sw1ebar7jadFPoi_8.Jae3bBtqTKfXL6Xa6I0LbTt1DManpMIhRH4Pew67NoxfAYNHP.8Bst0l2CZ.SoZPX8.wkqd1XuH5obo_AU9rPx8sltZj4lSV9FJR2JwWOUVIqY9F5rpPThnhuK9DysbUE8KeowASFHZB7FzfosMc83g_QrfPMgzphXuEv00C4tQuIM.p16sFntTff6pacMjznvlWwLdiweSl0a7VnbrlP6PCdTqUuYn3ESFxFMc.cfYD5kXQ8vRcp.WNCyAXtbY7FwRCDt2tfO94hyaf_IjeVLVZ_SD4McNk1GlwdBG3IAalg",mdrd: "xkkD4_o.2WpRifC6HpDEA7iWjw5mZ22sDxm9aH4.bp0-1739797381-1.2.1.1-URN0Z2dd78g4vRhtxRrZ6sYBNOU9VE2XoPqaeniiQ40ZWbi87VAX8M7_WDorm_bZWIVkDPnKGIWx0MbpkB6TGCkT76RnCe4ZYCffV.XID0YfKbOa6oO8XfkqVDcuqHokXWP80eFJI.VKxruV3tsyhX0uf8S6GKlnyGPrCN87LlFEgixYF1q6_Xw2EwCKeo9t4ZqwT_pTOrWKbtuRemnXfx3wgWyu8E_vFe91c_PuQvZ2vg0T8pe2tTkJ.gkCNkusmvznQpTA0Sajds.j.YL6q8.ty41UMW6rCY3kLbBfgRP0bTfPvjfiq4EAMRYqxbN5IR11YUCKyHEyf5Imfq.3HGPlzogomJf0iQhI6yuuP1BAFouMLnVDBKcsFUh756RflH5ifqFvCXpbuhhL0NhJasch.aanVnxGHA6ovWBDnUR8GotQUukdcAxi_XqSytNpN4iw4OooVSRrgWiUZUhdb9.HNPG11Urj_yVuKn6VMSe719XA.GKA7fsDnsEBpXO.qt4qOOdAPEfrT97nT76sRH19PYMIB6LkBR8u62YnfUcYKg.CamZCM2cGNxuEtFq7JA.QPunt0IqOKJVLo_L5RIp7dm4hLM0L.QpjogR9LahX2irFYGOPs5V3ktuSWTbPQRd4JcnE_w6AQz6MgzNKdNZpwtDmX8wIyAbZChH.KSYLyQM0dEOX.HH6Si6fAI5JK6tdyQ01TT7GA.LsFh9RTHWVpgR98b5mebVp6fQ7awU74XsSNQYGfe2Q5LJZ9p4fCBCZ91WoG_SPHwm83IffzAITW5hHaM9qh86CNrRlj0LNCu0nC5HDKagEOyOsuN5kxvrysl4R.SbFyFVmKHc8VNtfR2GFDaByJ3a_weZbCEbDMFSJAreNtoNTzlEnjy8ip9Fj360qz9xDJzrVrZFOpd0yuyWj9Ip9dDuHDs8c.dyRLG3497N4bPdvVr7gdbaA8c81WpOueOwzDsOfvh6.ibNCl4sJ4GHxgLRLzZP1__EDUMDkk_Wdmk5_QMrwFW_auZo2EKEGm3h6nqJgPe9acMp_y.uSwgS1TFoGz2siPRl3Ve28.37n_u_uVY2tPK7YDr79qhps7dlbM5yN5Q9aAt1lKcQy2U3R2xygtlVuPPTvP8lmUiOfRfgeJFL6S6wIA0FwOdjcIOB5TSgyd4uUBC2LUNciglcPOOd0ZlaNR_ivkCU9XuloK_aZye_7vvZnniLotB9GN_QHdDK77Dbsu1kcNkdFkkdczuAEIS476Dq6URCK3eSCCVqpd9MGDuoVEweEGfBb0rG9S3X0.1nB4Qyujij2EDUqCOJmj3z_7e4hdjZS4CPpJWhtnCGEyQ5jAgp6ALpnbwoD5KkJb3_6OmHwoXeEzgVpxXrxfsopiOgVhazrDpkq6CTbAsIFbWpg.JFHdDxZt2YJJu5F3I0p1uOVsjkYBMYlPB5A5Gg2a7qJ8tqYiZqj.L4RT7_mVnerdAZ8CHS9PuLhytzixFXclUZupWhFEPeflx_5jFza81Ag3C12uOf.pqeDA1zZTwA6qV90hp5BXxU7Vu1U9m9.TYKSxj5F1AIPUhDxa6YpmGoC9E2ixaZQc4gQKWwTwSIZuE4Sexm2cMm2SCsJJxlbo3Qc8xgd82uKnQoq5mDNzlEIMfAQRDdeI5qB_7.nexzfCgyJH8GUyGLLA3RXhXGrTefIgxuUMY4r2s1DGKf2r_CVhaQfseO0dRK2cVVUq3Cc39ID.wHgQ3J5uGF3c5NZ8GFP6Qwc4zL3LpKR2BW7pW70cA9K_XmTGQLpYeByN.vgAAMYIpTRJfQi01rrYgUrS2kii6_1..DuaDOF_T00lh8TSlhE1ExlRVa9XATi7QE_H7XRFmo4YcX0KUV3fI.BCX.4TGp77tT9uFUZNfVUDUFFBHyR8zEP9EN3EoMcKkLmsIEzchlQCHameHWahbfoXOmUeUABv8EKUev35RypiAn9_41xohUpNyhJVWkqoIbm"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135f9a169ca6020';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Yasmin%20Rashid&__cf_chl_rt_tk=0flOu5eWjSgmkfyUg9cmxLtRIhwLmx5j8KHwQQkEDI4-1739797381-1.0.1.1-SHwTZyLnTzIbTr14lJM8gN3LiaR8w49B0iaDpgDV4cU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>