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aria-controls="toc-Architectural_generations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architectural generations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architectural_generations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-8087" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#8087"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>8087</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-8087-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-80C187" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#80C187"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>80C187</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-80C187-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-80287" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#80287"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>80287</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-80287-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-80387" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#80387"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>80387</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-80387-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-80487" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#80487"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>80487</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-80487-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-80587" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#80587"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>80587</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-80587-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" 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lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="X87" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/X87" title="X87 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="X87" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/X87" title="X87 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="X87" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/X87" title="X87 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="X87" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/X87" title="X87 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="X87" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architettura_x87" title="Architettura x87 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Architettura x87" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/X87" title="X87 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="X87" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li 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id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subset of x86 instruction set architecture for floating-point arithmetic</div> <p><b>x87</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Floating-point" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating-point">floating-point</a>-related subset of the <a href="/wiki/X86_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="X86 architecture">x86 architecture</a> <a href="/wiki/Instruction_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Instruction set">instruction set</a>. It originated as an extension of the <a href="/wiki/8086" class="mw-redirect" title="8086">8086</a> instruction set in the form of optional floating-point <a href="/wiki/Coprocessor#Intel_coprocessors" title="Coprocessor">coprocessors</a> that work in tandem with corresponding x86 CPUs. These microchips have names ending in "87". This is also known as the NPX (numeric processor extension). Like other extensions to the basic instruction set, x87 instructions are not strictly needed to construct working programs, but provide hardware and <a href="/wiki/Microcode" title="Microcode">microcode</a> implementations of common numerical tasks, allowing these tasks to be performed much faster than corresponding <a href="/wiki/Machine_code" title="Machine code">machine code</a> routines can. The x87 instruction set includes instructions for basic floating-point operations such as addition, subtraction and comparison, but also for more complex numerical operations, such as the computation of the <a href="/wiki/Trigonometric_functions" title="Trigonometric functions">tangent</a> function and its inverse, for example. </p><p>Most x86 processors since the <a href="/wiki/Intel_80486" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80486">Intel 80486</a> have had these x87 instructions implemented in the main CPU, but the term is sometimes still used to refer to that part of the instruction set. Before x87 instructions were standard in PCs, <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compilers</a> or programmers had to use rather slow library calls to perform floating-point operations, a method that is still common in (low-cost) <a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded systems</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X87&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The x87 registers form an eight-level deep non-strict <a href="/wiki/Stack_(abstract_data_type)" title="Stack (abstract data type)">stack</a> structure ranging from ST(0) to ST(7) with registers that can be directly accessed by either operand, using an offset relative to the top, as well as pushed and popped. (This scheme may be compared to how a <a href="/wiki/Stack_frame" class="mw-redirect" title="Stack frame">stack frame</a> may be both pushed/popped and indexed.) </p><p>There are instructions to push, calculate, and pop values on top of this stack; <a href="/wiki/Unary_operation" title="Unary operation">unary operations</a> (FSQRT, FPTAN etc.) then implicitly address the topmost ST(0), while <a href="/wiki/Binary_function" title="Binary function">binary operations</a> (FADD, FMUL, FCOM, etc.) implicitly address ST(0) and ST(1). The non-strict stack model also allows binary operations to use ST(0) together with a direct <i><a href="/wiki/Operand#Computer_science" title="Operand">memory operand</a></i> or with an <i>explicitly</i> specified stack register, ST(<i>x</i>), in a role similar to a traditional <a href="/wiki/Accumulator_(computing)" title="Accumulator (computing)">accumulator</a> (a combined destination and left operand). This can also be reversed on an instruction-by-instruction basis with ST(0) as the unmodified operand and ST(<i>x</i>) as the <i>destination</i>. Furthermore, the contents in ST(0) can be exchanged with another stack register using an instruction called FXCH ST(<i>x</i>). </p><p>These properties make the x87 stack usable as seven freely addressable registers plus a dedicated accumulator (or as seven independent accumulators). This is especially applicable on <a href="/wiki/Superscalar" class="mw-redirect" title="Superscalar">superscalar</a> x86 processors (such as the <a href="/wiki/Intel_P5_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel P5 (microarchitecture)">Pentium</a> of 1993 and later), where these exchange instructions (codes D9C8..D9CF<sub>h</sub>) are optimized down to a zero clock penalty by using one of the integer paths for FXCH ST(<i>x</i>) in parallel with the FPU instruction. Despite being natural and convenient for human <a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly language</a> programmers, some compiler writers have found it complicated to construct automatic <a href="/wiki/Code_generation_(compiler)" title="Code generation (compiler)">code generators</a> that schedule x87 code effectively. Such a stack-based interface potentially can minimize the need to save scratch variables in function calls compared with a register-based interface<sup id="cite_ref-stackadvantage_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stackadvantage-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (although, historically, design issues in the 8087 implementation limited that potential.<sup id="cite_ref-stackimplementation_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stackimplementation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stackinterview_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stackinterview-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p><p>The x87 provides single-precision, double-precision and 80-bit <a href="/wiki/Extended_precision" title="Extended precision">double-extended precision</a> binary floating-point arithmetic as per the <a href="/wiki/IEEE_754-1985" title="IEEE 754-1985">IEEE 754-1985</a> standard. By default, the x87 processors all use 80-bit double-extended precision internally (to allow sustained precision over many calculations, see <a href="/wiki/IEEE_754#Design_rationale" title="IEEE 754">IEEE 754 design rationale</a>). A given sequence of arithmetic operations may thus behave slightly differently compared to a strict single-precision or double-precision IEEE 754 FPU.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As this may sometimes be problematic for some semi-numerical calculations written to assume double precision for correct operation, to avoid such problems, the x87 can be configured using a special configuration/status register to automatically round to single or double precision after each operation. Since the introduction of <a href="/wiki/SSE2" title="SSE2">SSE2</a>, the x87 instructions are not as essential as they once were, but remain important as a high-precision scalar unit for numerical calculations sensitive to <a href="/wiki/Round-off_error" title="Round-off error">round-off error</a> and requiring the <a href="/wiki/64-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="64-bit">64-bit</a> <a href="/wiki/Significand" title="Significand">mantissa</a> <a href="/wiki/Arithmetic_precision" class="mw-redirect" title="Arithmetic precision">precision</a> and extended range available in the 80-bit format. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performance">Performance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X87&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clock cycle counts for examples of typical x87 FPU instructions (only register-register versions shown here).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>A</i>...<i>B</i> notation (minimum to maximum) covers timing variations dependent on transient pipeline status and the arithmetic precision chosen (32, 64 or 80 bits); it also includes variations due to numerical cases (such as the number of set bits, zero, etc.). The L → H notation depicts values corresponding to the lowest (L) and the highest (H) maximal clock frequencies that were available. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>x87 implementation </th> <th>FADD </th> <th>FMUL </th> <th>FDIV </th> <th>FXCH </th> <th>FCOM </th> <th>FSQRT </th> <th>FPTAN </th> <th>FPATAN </th> <th>Max clock<br />(MHz) </th> <th>Peak FMUL<br />(millions/<a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">s</a>) </th> <th>FMUL<sup>§</sup><br />rel. 5 MHz 8087 </th></tr> <tr> <td>8087</td> <td rowspan="2">70…100</td> <td rowspan="2">90…145</td> <td rowspan="2">193…203</td> <td rowspan="2">10…15</td> <td rowspan="2">40…50</td> <td rowspan="2">180…186</td> <td rowspan="2">30…540</td> <td rowspan="2">250…800</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">000</span>5 → <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>10</td> <td>0.034…0.055 → 0.100…0.111</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">~0000</span>1 → 2× as fast </td></tr> <tr> <td>80287 (original)</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">000</span>6 → <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>12</td> <td>0.041…0.066 → 0.083…0.133</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">.000</span>1.2 → 2.4× </td></tr> <tr> <td>80387 (and later 287 models)</td> <td>23…34</td> <td>29…57</td> <td>88…91</td> <td>18</td> <td>24</td> <td>122…129</td> <td>191…497</td> <td>314…487</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>16 → <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>33</td> <td>0.280…0.552 → 0.580…1.1</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">000</span>~10 → 20× </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/80486" class="mw-redirect" title="80486">80486</a> (or 80487)</td> <td>8…20</td> <td>16</td> <td>73</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>83…87</td> <td>200…273</td> <td>218…303</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>16 → <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>50</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">….000000</span>1.0 → 3.1</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">000</span>~18 → 56× </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrix_6x86" title="Cyrix 6x86">Cyrix 6x86</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyrix_MII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrix MII">Cyrix MII</a></td> <td>4…7</td> <td>4…6</td> <td>24…34</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>59…60</td> <td>117…129</td> <td>97…161</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>66 → <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>300</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">..0000</span>11…16 → 50…75</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>~320 → 1400× </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AMD_K6" title="AMD K6">AMD K6</a> (including K6 II/III)</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>21…41</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>21…41</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>166 → <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>550</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">…..000000</span>83 → 275</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>~1500 → 5000× </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Intel_P5_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel P5 (microarchitecture)">Pentium</a> / Pentium MMX</td> <td>1…3</td> <td>1…3</td> <td>39</td> <td rowspan="5">1 (0*) </td> <td>1…4</td> <td>70</td> <td>17…173</td> <td>19…134</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>60 → <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>300</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">..0000</span>20…60 → 100…300</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>~1100 → 5400× </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro">Pentium Pro</a></td> <td>1…3</td> <td>2…5</td> <td>16…56</td> <td>1</td> <td>28…68</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>150 → <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>200</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">..0000</span>30…75 → 40…100</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>~1400 → 1800× </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pentium_II" title="Pentium II">Pentium II</a> / III</td> <td>1…3</td> <td>2…5</td> <td>17…38</td> <td>1</td> <td>27…50</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>233 → 1400</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">..000</span>47…116 → 280…700</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>~2100 → 13000× </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Athlon" title="Athlon">Athlon</a> (K7)</td> <td rowspan="2">1…4</td> <td rowspan="2">1…4</td> <td rowspan="2">13…24</td> <td rowspan="2">1…2</td> <td rowspan="2">16…35</td> <td rowspan="2">?</td> <td rowspan="2">?</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>500 → 2330</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">..00</span>125…500 → 580…2330</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>~9000 → 42000× </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Athlon_64" title="Athlon 64">Athlon 64</a> (K8)</td> <td>1000 → 3200</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">..0</span>250…1000 → 800…3200</td> <td>~18000 → 58000× </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Pentium_4" title="Pentium 4">Pentium 4</a></td> <td>1…5</td> <td>2…7</td> <td>20…43</td> <td>multiple<br />cycles</td> <td>1</td> <td>20…43</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>1300 → 3800</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">..00</span>186…650 → 543…1900</td> <td>~11000 → 34000× </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><small>* An effective zero clock delay is often possible, via superscalar execution.</small></dd> <dd><small><sup>§</sup> The 5 MHz 8087 was the original x87 processor. Compared to typical software-implemented floating-point routines on an 8086 (without an 8087), the factors would be even larger, perhaps by another factor of 10 (i.e., a correct floating-point addition in assembly language may well consume over 1000 cycles).</small></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacturers">Manufacturers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X87&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Manufacturers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Companies that have designed or manufactured<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> floating-point units compatible with the Intel 8087 or later models include <a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a> (<i>287</i>, <i>387</i>, <i>486DX</i>, <i>5x86</i>, <i>K5</i>, <i>K6</i>, <i>K7</i>, <i>K8</i>), <a href="/wiki/Chips_and_Technologies" title="Chips and Technologies">Chips and Technologies</a> (the <i>Super MATH</i> coprocessors), <a href="/wiki/Cyrix" title="Cyrix">Cyrix</a> (the <i>FasMath</i>, <i>Cx87SLC</i>, <i>Cx87DLC</i>, etc., <i>6x86</i>, <i>Cyrix MII</i>), <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a> (early <i>Pentium Mobile</i> etc.), <a href="/wiki/Harris_Semiconductor" class="mw-redirect" title="Harris Semiconductor">Harris Semiconductor</a> (manufactured <i>80387</i> and <i>486DX</i> processors), <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> (various <i>387</i> and <i>486</i> designs), <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Device_Technology" title="Integrated Device Technology">IDT</a> (the <a href="/wiki/WinChip" title="WinChip">WinChip</a>, <i>C3</i>, <i>C7</i>, <i>Nano</i>, etc.), <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Information_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Information Technology">IIT</a> (the <i>2C87</i>, <i>3C87</i>, etc.), LC Technology (the <i>Green MATH</i> coprocessors), <a href="/wiki/National_Semiconductor" title="National Semiconductor">National Semiconductor</a> (the <i>Geode GX1</i>, <i>Geode GXm</i>, etc.), <a href="/wiki/NexGen" title="NexGen">NexGen</a> (the <i>Nx587</i>), <a href="/wiki/Rise_Technology" title="Rise Technology">Rise Technology</a> (the <i>mP6</i>), <a href="/wiki/ST_Microelectronics" class="mw-redirect" title="ST Microelectronics">ST Microelectronics</a> (manufactured <i>486DX</i>, <i>5x86</i>, etc.), <a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a> (manufactured <i>486DX</i> processors etc.), <a href="/wiki/Transmeta" title="Transmeta">Transmeta</a> (the <i>TM5600</i> and <i>TM5800</i>), <a href="/wiki/ULSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ULSI">ULSI</a> (the <i>Math·Co</i> coprocessors), <a href="/wiki/VIA_Technologies" title="VIA Technologies">VIA</a> (the <i>C3</i>, <i>C7</i>, and <i>Nano</i>, etc.), <a href="/wiki/Weitek" title="Weitek">Weitek</a> (the <i>1067</i>, <i>1167</i>, <i>3167</i> and <i>4167</i>), and Xtend (the <i>83S87SX-25</i> and other coprocessors). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architectural_generations">Architectural generations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X87&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Architectural generations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="8087">8087</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X87&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 8087"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Intel_8087" title="Intel 8087">Intel 8087</a></div> <p>The <i>8087</i> was the first math <a href="/wiki/Coprocessor" title="Coprocessor">coprocessor</a> for 16-bit processors designed by <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>. It was built to be paired with the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8088" title="Intel 8088">Intel 8088</a> or <a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">8086</a> microprocessors. (Intel's earlier <a href="/wiki/Intel_8231/8232" title="Intel 8231/8232">8231 and 8232</a> floating-point processors, marketed for use with the i8080 CPU, were in fact licensed versions of AMD's Am9511 and Am9512 FPUs from 1977 and 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="80C187">80C187<span class="anchor" id="80187"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X87&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 80C187"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_Intel_80C187.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/KL_Intel_80C187.jpg/150px-KL_Intel_80C187.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/KL_Intel_80C187.jpg/225px-KL_Intel_80C187.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/KL_Intel_80C187.jpg/300px-KL_Intel_80C187.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>16 MHz version of the Intel 80C187</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the original 1982 datasheet for the (<a href="/wiki/NMOS_logic" title="NMOS logic">NMOS</a> based) 80188 and 80186 seem to mention specific math coprocessors,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both chips were actually paired with an 8087. </p><p>However, in 1987, to work with the refreshed <a href="/wiki/CMOS" title="CMOS">CMOS</a> based <a href="/wiki/Intel_80186#80C186" title="Intel 80186">Intel 80C186</a> CPU, Intel introduced the <b>80C187</b><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> math coprocessor. The 80C187 interface to the main processor is the same as that of the 8087, but its core is essentially that of an 80387SX and is thus fully <a href="/wiki/IEEE_754-1985" title="IEEE 754-1985">IEEE 754</a>-compliant and capable of executing all the 80387's extra instructions.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="80287">80287</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X87&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 80287"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>80287</i> (<i>i287</i>) is the math <a href="/wiki/Coprocessor" title="Coprocessor">coprocessor</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">Intel 80286</a> series of <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessors</a>. Intel's models included variants with specified upper frequency limits ranging from 6 up to 12 MHz. The NMOS version were available 6, 8 and 10 MHz.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The available 10 MHz Intel 80287-10 Numerics Coprocessor version was for 250 <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">USD</a> in quantities of 100.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These boxed version of 80287, 80287-8, and 80287-10 were available for USD $212, $326, and $374 respectively. There was boxed version of 80C287A available for USD $457.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other 287 models with 387-like performance are the Intel 80C287, built using <a href="/wiki/CHMOS" title="CHMOS">CHMOS</a> III, and the AMD 80EC287 manufactured in AMD's <a href="/wiki/CMOS" title="CMOS">CMOS</a> process, using only fully static gates. </p><p>Later followed the i80287XL with 387SX microarchitecture with a 287 pinout,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the i80287XLT, a special version intended for laptops, as well as other variants. It contains an internal 3/2 multiplier, so that motherboards that ran the coprocessor at 2/3 CPU speed could instead run the FPU at the same speed of the CPU. Both 80287XL and 80287XLT offered 50% better performance, 83% less power consumption, and additional instructions.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 80287 works with the <a href="/wiki/80386" class="mw-redirect" title="80386">80386</a> microprocessor and was initially the only coprocessor available for the 80386 until the introduction of the 80387 in 1987. However, the 80387 is strongly preferred for its higher performance and the greater capability of its instruction set. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_Intel_C80287.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="6 MHz version of the Intel 80287"><img alt="6 MHz version of the Intel 80287" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/KL_Intel_C80287.jpg/120px-KL_Intel_C80287.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/KL_Intel_C80287.jpg/250px-KL_Intel_C80287.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1458" data-file-height="822" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">6 MHz version of the Intel 80287</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intel_80287_die.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Intel 80287 die shot"><img alt="Intel 80287 die shot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Intel_80287_die.jpg/120px-Intel_80287_die.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Intel_80287_die.jpg/180px-Intel_80287_die.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Intel_80287_die.jpg/240px-Intel_80287_die.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3694" data-file-height="2809" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Intel 80287 die shot</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_Intel_i80287XL_Big_Markings.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Intel 80287XL"><img alt="Intel 80287XL" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/KL_Intel_i80287XL_Big_Markings.jpg/120px-KL_Intel_i80287XL_Big_Markings.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/KL_Intel_i80287XL_Big_Markings.jpg/250px-KL_Intel_i80287XL_Big_Markings.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1368" data-file-height="699" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Intel 80287XL</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_Intel_80287XLT.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Intel 80287XLT"><img alt="Intel 80287XLT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/KL_Intel_80287XLT.jpg/120px-KL_Intel_80287XLT.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/KL_Intel_80287XLT.jpg/250px-KL_Intel_80287XLT.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="714" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Intel 80287XLT</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="80387">80387</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X87&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 80387"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intel_80387_CPU_Die_Image.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Intel_80387_CPU_Die_Image.jpg/220px-Intel_80387_CPU_Die_Image.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Intel_80387_CPU_Die_Image.jpg/330px-Intel_80387_CPU_Die_Image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Intel_80387_CPU_Die_Image.jpg/440px-Intel_80387_CPU_Die_Image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="655" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption>Intel 80387 CPU die image</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>80387</b> (<b>387</b> or <b>i387</b>) is the first Intel coprocessor to be fully compliant with the <a href="/wiki/IEEE_754-1985" title="IEEE 754-1985">IEEE 754-1985</a> standard. Released in 1987,<sup id="cite_ref-InfoWorld_1987-02-16_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InfoWorld_1987-02-16-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two years after the 386 chip, the i387 includes much improved speed over Intel's previous 8087/80287 coprocessors and improved characteristics of its trigonometric functions. It was made available for USD $500 in quantities of 100.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly afterwards, it was made available through Intel's Personal Computer Enhancement Operation for a retail market price of USD $795.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 25 MHz version was available in retail channel for USD $1395.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Intel M387 math coprocessor met under <a href="/wiki/MIL-STD-883" title="MIL-STD-883">MIL-STD-883 Rev. C standard</a>. This device was tested which includes temperature cycling between -55 and 125 °C, hermeticity sealed and extended burn-in. This military version operates at 16 MHz. This military version was available in 68-lead PGA and quad flatpack. This military version was available for USD $1155 in 100-unit of quantities for the PGA version.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 33 MHz version of 387DX was available and it has the performance of 3.4 <a href="/wiki/Whetstone_(benchmark)" title="Whetstone (benchmark)">megawhetstones per second</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ann-lewnes-here-to-stay_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ann-lewnes-here-to-stay-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following boxed version of 16-, 20-, 25-, and 33-MHz 387DX math coprocessor were available for USD $570, $647, $814, and $994 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 8087 and 80287's FPTAN and FPATAN instructions are limited to an argument in the range ±π/4 (±45°), and the 8087 and 80287 have no <i>direct</i> instructions for the SIN and COS functions.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (August 2020)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Without a coprocessor, the 386 normally performs floating-point arithmetic through (relatively slow) software routines, implemented at runtime through a software <a href="/wiki/Exception_handling" title="Exception handling">exception handler</a>. When a math coprocessor is paired with the 386, the coprocessor performs the floating-point arithmetic in hardware, returning results much faster than an (emulating) software library call. </p><p>The i387 is compatible only with the standard i386 chip, which has a 32-bit processor bus. The later cost-reduced i386SX, which has a narrower 16-bit <a href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">data bus</a>, can not interface with the i387's 32-bit bus. The i386SX requires its own coprocessor, the <a href="/wiki/80387SX" class="mw-redirect" title="80387SX">80387SX</a>, which is compatible with the SX's narrower 16-bit data bus. Intel released the low power version of 387SX coprocessor.<sup id="cite_ref-ann-lewnes-here-to-stay_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ann-lewnes-here-to-stay-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, to pair with the <a href="/wiki/I386SL" class="mw-redirect" title="I386SL">i386SL</a> used in laptops, Intel released the <b>i387SL</b> (N80387SL).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marketed as "Intel387 SL Mobile Math CoProcessor", it included power-management features which allowed it to run without significantly reducing battery life. There are two battery-saving power-down features. The first one stops the coprocessor's clock when the CPU goes into "stop clock" mode; the 387SL consumes about 25 microamperes when its clock is stopped. The second one operates automatically when the CPU is running, putting the 387SL into "idle mode" when it is not executing an instruction. When active, the 387SL typically consumes 30 percent less battery power (about 100 mA) than the 387SX. In idle mode, it consumes 4 mA, a 96 percent power reduction compared to the active mode. It works in the range of 16 to 25 MHz and does not require BIOS or hardware reconfiguration.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was initially available for USD $189.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_Intel_80387.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="i387"><img alt="i387" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/KL_Intel_80387.jpg/120px-KL_Intel_80387.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/KL_Intel_80387.jpg/250px-KL_Intel_80387.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="1005" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">i387</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_Intel_i387SX.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="i387SX"><img alt="i387SX" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/KL_Intel_i387SX.jpg/120px-KL_Intel_i387SX.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/KL_Intel_i387SX.jpg/250px-KL_Intel_i387SX.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="891" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">i387SX</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_intel_i387DX.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="i387DX"><img alt="i387DX" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/KL_intel_i387DX.jpg/120px-KL_intel_i387DX.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/KL_intel_i387DX.jpg/180px-KL_intel_i387DX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/KL_intel_i387DX.jpg/240px-KL_intel_i387DX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="987" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">i387DX</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intel_387_arch.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="i387 microarchitecture with 16-bit barrel shifter and CORDIC unit"><img alt="i387 microarchitecture with 16-bit barrel shifter and CORDIC unit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Intel_387_arch.svg/120px-Intel_387_arch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Intel_387_arch.svg/180px-Intel_387_arch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Intel_387_arch.svg/240px-Intel_387_arch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">i387 microarchitecture with 16-bit <a href="/wiki/Barrel_shifter" title="Barrel shifter">barrel shifter</a> and <a href="/wiki/CORDIC" title="CORDIC">CORDIC</a> unit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:80386with387.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="i386DX with i387DX"><img alt="i386DX with i387DX" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/80386with387.JPG/120px-80386with387.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/80386with387.JPG/250px-80386with387.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">i386DX with i387DX</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Socket_for_Intel_80387.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Socket for the 80387"><img alt="Socket for the 80387" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Socket_for_Intel_80387.jpg/120px-Socket_for_Intel_80387.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Socket_for_Intel_80387.jpg/250px-Socket_for_Intel_80387.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Socket for the 80387</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="80487">80487</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X87&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 80487"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_Intel_i487SX.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/KL_Intel_i487SX.jpg/250px-KL_Intel_i487SX.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/KL_Intel_i487SX.jpg/330px-KL_Intel_i487SX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="1353" /></a><figcaption>i487SX</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>i487SX</b> (P23N) was marketed as a <a href="/wiki/Floating-point_unit" title="Floating-point unit">floating-point unit</a> <a href="/wiki/Coprocessor" title="Coprocessor">coprocessor</a> for Intel <a href="/wiki/Intel_80486SX" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80486SX">i486SX</a> machines. It actually contained a full-blown <a href="/wiki/486DX" class="mw-redirect" title="486DX">i486DX</a> implementation. When installed into an i486SX system, the i487 disabled the main CPU and took over all CPU operations. The i487 took measures to detect the presence of an i486SX and would not function without the original CPU in place.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (July 2021)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="80587">80587</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X87&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 80587"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Nx587</b> was the last FPU for x86 to be manufactured separately from the CPU, in this case NexGen's <a href="/wiki/Nx586" class="mw-redirect" title="Nx586">Nx586</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X87&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MMX_(instruction_set)" title="MMX (instruction set)">MMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_SIMD_Extensions" title="Streaming SIMD Extensions">SSE</a>, <a href="/wiki/SSE2" title="SSE2">SSE2</a>, <a href="/wiki/SSE3" title="SSE3">SSE3</a>, <a href="/wiki/SSSE3" title="SSSE3">SSSE3</a>, <a href="/wiki/SSE4" title="SSE4">SSE4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Vector_Extensions" title="Advanced Vector Extensions">AVX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3DNow!" title="3DNow!">3DNow!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIMD" class="mw-redirect" title="SIMD">SIMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORDIC" title="CORDIC">CORDIC</a> routines were used by 8087 to 80487 to implement trigonometric functions.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X87&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Fabless" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabless">Fabless</a> companies design a chip and rely on a fabbed company to manufacture it, while fabbed companies can do both the design and the manufacture by themselves.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X87&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-stackadvantage-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stackadvantage_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Kahan1990" class="citation web cs1">William Kahan (2 November 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118054747/http://www.cims.nyu.edu/~dbindel/class/cs279/87stack.pdf">"On the advantages of 8087's stack"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Unpublished course notes, Computer Science Division, University of California at Berkeley</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cims.nyu.edu/~dbindel/class/cs279/87stack.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unpublished+course+notes%2C+Computer+Science+Division%2C+University+of+California+at+Berkeley&rft.atitle=On+the+advantages+of+8087%27s+stack&rft.date=1990-11-02&rft.au=William+Kahan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cims.nyu.edu%2F~dbindel%2Fclass%2Fcs279%2F87stack.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stackimplementation-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stackimplementation_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Kahan1989" class="citation web cs1">William Kahan (8 July 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130612040231/http://www.cims.nyu.edu/~dbindel/class/cs279/stack87.pdf">"How Intel 8087 stack overflow/underflow should have been handled"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cims.nyu.edu/~dbindel/class/cs279/stack87.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Intel+8087+stack+overflow%2Funderflow+should+have+been+handled&rft.date=1989-07-08&rft.au=William+Kahan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cims.nyu.edu%2F~dbindel%2Fclass%2Fcs279%2Fstack87.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stackinterview-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stackinterview_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJack_Woehr1997" class="citation web cs1">Jack Woehr (1 November 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drdobbs.com/architecture-and-design/a-conversation-with-william-kahan/184410314">"A conversation with William Kahan"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+conversation+with+William+Kahan&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.au=Jack+Woehr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrdobbs.com%2Farchitecture-and-design%2Fa-conversation-with-william-kahan%2F184410314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Monniaux2008" class="citation journal cs1">David Monniaux (May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1353445.1353446">"The pitfalls of verifying floating-point computations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ACM_Transactions_on_Programming_Languages_and_Systems" title="ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems">ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems</a></i>. <b>30</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>41. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0701192">cs/0701192</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1353445.1353446">10.1145/1353445.1353446</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218578808">218578808</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACM+Transactions+on+Programming+Languages+and+Systems&rft.atitle=The+pitfalls+of+verifying+floating-point+computations&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.date=2008-05&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fcs%2F0701192&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A218578808%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F1353445.1353446&rft.au=David+Monniaux&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdl.acm.org%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.1145%2F1353445.1353446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Numbers are taken from respective processors' data sheets, programming manuals, and optimization manuals.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cpushack.com/2010/09/23/arithmetic-processors-then-and-now/">"Arithmetic Processors: Then and Now"</a>. <i>www.cpushack.com</i>. 23 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cpushack.com&rft.atitle=Arithmetic+Processors%3A+Then+and+Now&rft.date=2010-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpushack.com%2F2010%2F09%2F23%2Farithmetic-processors-then-and-now%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIntel1983" class="citation book cs1">Intel (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/IntelMicroprocessorPeripheralsHandbook"><i>Intel Microprocessor & Peripherals Handbook</i></a>. pp. 3-25 (iAPX 186/20) and 3-106 (iAPX 188/20).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intel+Microprocessor+%26+Peripherals+Handbook&rft.pages=3-25+%28iAPX+186%2F20%29+and+3-106+%28iAPX+188%2F20%29&rft.date=1983&rft.au=Intel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FIntelMicroprocessorPeripheralsHandbook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723142209/http://www.cpu-info.com/index2.php?mainid=Overview&showm=8">"CPU Collection – Model 80187"</a>. <i>cpu-info.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpu-info.com/index2.php?mainid=Overview&showm=8">the original</a> on 23 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cpu-info.com&rft.atitle=CPU+Collection+%E2%80%93+Model+80187&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpu-info.com%2Findex2.php%3Fmainid%3DOverview%26showm%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nj7p.org/Manuals/PDFs/Intel/270640-004.pdf">"80C187 80-BIT MATH COPROCESSOR"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. November 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=80C187+80-BIT+MATH+COPROCESSOR&rft.date=1992-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnj7p.org%2FManuals%2FPDFs%2FIntel%2F270640-004.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yoshida, Stacy, "Math Coprocessors: Keeping Your Computer Up for the Count", Intel Corporation, Microcomputer Solutions, September/October 1990, page 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Intel Corporation, "New Product Focus Component: A 32-Bit Microprocessor With A Little Help From Some Friends", Special 32-Bit Issue Solutions, November/December 1985, page 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/19891101ipcep">Intel Corporation, "Personal Computer Enhancement", Personal Computer Enhancement Operation, Order No. 245.2, 10-89/75K/AL/GO, October 1989, page 4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Intel Corporation, "New Product Focus: Systems: SnapIn 386 Module Upgrades PS/2 PCs", Microcomputer Solutions, September/October 1991, page 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yoshida, Stacy, "Math Coprocessors: Keeping Your Computer Up for the Count", Intel Corporation, Microcomputer Solutions, September/October 1990, page 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-InfoWorld_1987-02-16-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-InfoWorld_1987-02-16_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoran1987" class="citation magazine cs1">Moran, Tom (1987-02-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0DAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA5">"Chips to Improve Performance Of 386 Machines, Intel Says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>. Vol. 9, no. 7. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Chips+to+Improve+Performance+Of+386+Machines%2C+Intel+Says&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1987-02-16&rft.issn=0199-6649&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0DAEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1">"New Product Focus Components: The 32-Bit Computing Engine Full Speed Ahead". <i>Solutions</i>. Intel Corporation: 10. May–June 1987.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solutions&rft.atitle=New+Product+Focus+Components%3A+The+32-Bit+Computing+Engine+Full+Speed+Ahead&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1987-05%2F1987-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1">"NewsBit: Intel 80387 Available Through Retail Channels". <i>Solutions</i>. Intel Corporation: 1. July–August 1987.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solutions&rft.atitle=NewsBit%3A+Intel+80387+Available+Through+Retail+Channels&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1987-07%2F1987-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Intel Corporation, "NewsBits: 25 MHZ 80387 Available Through Retail Channels", Microcomputer Solutions, September/October 1988, page 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Intel Corporation, "Focus: Components: Militarized Peripherals Support M386 Microprocessor", Microcomputer Solutions, March/April 1989, page 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ann-lewnes-here-to-stay-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ann-lewnes-here-to-stay_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ann-lewnes-here-to-stay_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewnes, Ann, "The Intel386 Architecture Here to Stay", Intel Corporation, Microcomputer Solutions, July/August 1989, page 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/19891101ipcep">Intel Corporation, "Personal Computer Enhancement", Personal Computer Enhancement Operation, Order No. 245.2, 10-89/75K/AL/GO, October 1989</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Borland Turbo Assembler documentation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/80387/Intel-N80387SL.html">"Intel N80387SL"</a>. <i>www.cpu-world.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cpu-world.com&rft.atitle=Intel+N80387SL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpu-world.com%2FCPUs%2F80387%2FIntel-N80387SL.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pcworld107unse/page/72/mode/2up">"Intel 387 SL Math Coprocessor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PC_World" title="PC World">PC World</a></i>. Vol. 10, no. 7. July 1992. p. 72.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+World&rft.atitle=Intel+387+SL+Math+Coprocessor&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=72&rft.date=1992-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpcworld107unse%2Fpage%2F72%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Intel Corporation, "New Product Focus: End-User: Math Coprocessor Brings Desktop Performance To Portables", Microcomputer Solutions, May/June 1992, page 16-17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation foldoc"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foldoc.org/Intel%20487SX">Intel 487SX</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Free_On-line_Dictionary_of_Computing" title="Free On-line Dictionary of Computing">Free On-line Dictionary of Computing</a></i> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/80487/index.html">"Intel 80487"</a>. <i>www.cpu-world.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cpu-world.com&rft.atitle=Intel+80487&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpu-world.com%2FCPUs%2F80487%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/manuals/64-ia-32-architectures-software-developer-vol-1-manual.pdf"><i>Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual Volume 1: Basic Architecture</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Intel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intel+64+and+IA-32+Architectures+Software+Developer%27s+Manual+Volume+1%3A+Basic+Architecture&rft.pub=Intel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.intel.com%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fwww%2Fpublic%2Fus%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Fmanuals%2F64-ia-32-architectures-software-developer-vol-1-manual.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX87" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X87&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180104181527/http://wiretap.area.com/Gopher/Library/Techdoc/Cpu/coproc.txt">Everything you always wanted to know about math 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_processors" title="List of Intel processors">Processors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Atom_processors" title="List of Intel Atom processors">Atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Celeron_processors" title="List of Intel Celeron processors">Celeron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium processors">Pentium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_Pro_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium Pro processors">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_II_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium II processors">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_III_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium III processors">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_4_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium 4 processors">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_D_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium D processors">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_M_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium M processors">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_processors" title="List of Intel Core processors">Core</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_2_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core 2 processors">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_i3_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core i3 processors">i3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_i5_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core i5 processors">i5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_i7_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core i7 processors">i7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_i9_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core i9 processors">i9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_M_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core M processors">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors" title="List of Intel Xeon processors">Xeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Quark#List_of_Intel_Quark_processors" title="Intel Quark">Quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Itanium_processors" title="List of Intel Itanium processors">Itanium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures" title="List of Intel CPU microarchitectures">Microarchitectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsets" title="List of Intel chipsets">Chipsets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures" title="List of Intel CPU microarchitectures">Microarchitectures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> (<a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a> x86)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P5_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="P5 (microarchitecture)">P5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P6_(microarchitecture)" title="P6 (microarchitecture)">P6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_M" title="Pentium M">P6 variant (Pentium M)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonah_(microprocessor)" title="Yonah (microprocessor)">P6 variant (Enhanced Pentium M)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBurst" title="NetBurst">NetBurst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> (<a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core_(microarchitecture)" title="Intel Core (microarchitecture)">Core</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penryn_(microarchitecture)" title="Penryn (microarchitecture)">Penryn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)" title="Nehalem (microarchitecture)">Nehalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westmere_(microarchitecture)" title="Westmere (microarchitecture)">Westmere</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Bridge" title="Sandy Bridge">Sandy Bridge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)" title="Ivy Bridge (microarchitecture)">Ivy Bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)" title="Haswell (microarchitecture)">Haswell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadwell_(microarchitecture)" title="Broadwell (microarchitecture)">Broadwell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylake_(microarchitecture)" title="Skylake (microarchitecture)">Skylake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Lake_(microprocessor)" title="Cannon Lake (microprocessor)">Cannon Lake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunny_Cove_(microarchitecture)" title="Sunny Cove (microarchitecture)">Sunny Cove</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Cove_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypress Cove (microarchitecture)">Cypress Cove</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Cove" title="Willow Cove">Willow Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Cove" title="Golden Cove">Golden Cove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> <a href="/wiki/Ultra-low-voltage_processor" title="Ultra-low-voltage processor">ULV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonnell_(microarchitecture)" title="Bonnell (microarchitecture)">Bonnell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saltwell_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltwell (microarchitecture)">Saltwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvermont" title="Silvermont">Silvermont</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldmont" title="Goldmont">Goldmont</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goldmont_Plus" title="Goldmont Plus">Goldmont Plus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremont_(microarchitecture)" title="Tremont (microarchitecture)">Tremont</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracemont_(microarchitecture)" title="Gracemont (microarchitecture)">Gracemont</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="x86-64_(64-bit)40" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> (<a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Atom" title="Intel Atom">Atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeron" title="Celeron">Celeron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core" title="Intel Core">Core</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#10th_generation" title="Intel Core">10th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#11th_generation" title="Intel Core">11th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#12th_generation" title="Intel Core">12th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#13th_generation" title="Intel Core">13th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#14th_generation" title="Intel Core">14th gen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#Core_and_Core_Ultra_3/5/7/9" title="Intel Core">Core Ultra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#Series_1" title="Intel Core">1st gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#Series_2" title="Intel Core">2nd gen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeon" title="Xeon">Xeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal" title="Binary-coded decimal">BCD</a> oriented (<a href="/wiki/4-bit_computing" title="4-bit computing">4-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_4004" title="Intel 4004">4004</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_4040" title="Intel 4040">4040</a> (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">pre-x86 (<a href="/wiki/8-bit_computing" title="8-bit computing">8-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8008" title="Intel 8008">8008</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8080" title="Intel 8080">8080</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8085" title="Intel 8085">8085</a> (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> (<a href="/wiki/16-bit_computing" title="16-bit computing">16-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">8086</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8088" title="Intel 8088">8088</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80186" title="Intel 80186">80186</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80188" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80188">80188</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">80286</a> (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">x87</a> (external <a href="/wiki/Floating-point_unit" title="Floating-point unit">FPUs</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>8/16-bit databus</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_8087" title="Intel 8087">8087</a> (1980)</dd> <dt>16-bit databus</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_80C187" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80C187">80C187</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_80287" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80287">80287</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_80387SX" title="Intel 80387SX">80387SX</a></dd> <dt>32-bit databus</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_80387" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80387">80387DX</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_80487" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80487">80487</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> (<a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a> x86)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I386" title="I386">i386</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80386SX" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80386SX">SX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80376" title="Intel 80376">376</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80386EX" title="Intel 80386EX">EX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I486" title="I486">i486</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I486SX" title="I486SX">SX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_DX2" title="Intel DX2">DX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_DX4" title="Intel DX4">DX4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I486SL" title="I486SL">SL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RapidCAD" title="RapidCAD">RapidCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I486_OverDrive" title="I486 OverDrive">OverDrive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealey" title="Stealey">A100/A110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Atom" title="Intel Atom">Atom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Atom_processors#CE_SoCs" title="List of Intel Atom processors">CE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom_(system_on_a_chip)" title="Atom (system on a chip)">SoC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeron" title="Celeron">Celeron</a> (1998) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celeron#P6-based_Mobile_Celerons" title="Celeron">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeron#Prescott-256" title="Celeron">D</a> (2004)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_(original)" title="Pentium (original)">Original i586</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_OverDrive" title="Pentium OverDrive">OverDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_II" title="Pentium II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_III" title="Pentium III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_4" title="Pentium 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_M" title="Pentium M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_Dual-Core" title="Pentium Dual-Core">Dual-Core</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core" title="Intel Core">Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeon" title="Xeon">Xeon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_P6-based_Xeon_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel P6-based Xeon microprocessors">P6-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_NetBurst-based_Xeon_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel NetBurst-based Xeon microprocessors">NetBurst-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core-based_Xeon_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core-based Xeon microprocessors">Core-based</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Quark" title="Intel Quark">Quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolapai" title="Tolapai">Tolapai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> (<a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Atom" title="Intel Atom">Atom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atom_(system_on_chip)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom (system on chip)">SoC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Atom_processors#CE_SoCs" title="List of Intel Atom processors">CE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeron" title="Celeron">Celeron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celeron#Prescott-256" title="Celeron">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeron#Celeron_Dual-Core" title="Celeron">Dual-Core</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_4#Prescott_2M_(Extreme_Edition)" title="Pentium 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_D" title="Pentium D">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_D#Smithfield_XE" title="Pentium D">Extreme Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_Dual-Core" title="Pentium Dual-Core">Dual-Core</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core" title="Intel Core">Core</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core_2" title="Intel Core 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#1st_generation" title="Intel Core">1st gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#2nd_generation" title="Intel Core">2nd gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#3rd_generation" title="Intel Core">3rd gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#4th_generation" title="Intel Core">4th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#5th_generation" title="Intel Core">5th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#6th_generation" title="Intel Core">6th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#7th_generation" title="Intel Core">7th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#8th_generation" title="Intel Core">8th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#9th_generation" title="Intel Core">9th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#10th_generation" title="Intel Core">10th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#11th_generation" title="Intel Core">11th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_M_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core M processors">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeon" title="Xeon">Xeon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Nehalem-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Nehalem-based)">Nehalem-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Sandy_Bridge-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Sandy Bridge-based)">Sandy Bridge-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Ivy_Bridge-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Ivy Bridge-based)">Ivy Bridge-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Haswell-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Haswell-based)">Haswell-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Broadwell-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Broadwell-based)">Broadwell-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Skylake-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Skylake-based)">Skylake-based</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Complex_instruction_set_computer" title="Complex instruction set computer">CISC</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_iAPX_432" title="Intel iAPX 432">iAPX 432</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Explicitly_parallel_instruction_computing" title="Explicitly parallel instruction computing">EPIC</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer" title="Reduced instruction set computer">RISC</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_i860" title="Intel i860">i860</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_i960" title="Intel i960">i960</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/StrongARM" title="StrongARM">StrongARM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/XScale" title="XScale">XScale</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tick%E2%80%93tock_model" title="Tick–tock model">Tick–tock model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process%E2%80%93architecture%E2%80%93optimization_model" title="Process–architecture–optimization model">Process–architecture–optimization model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units" title="List of Intel graphics processing units">Intel GPUs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_GMA" title="Intel GMA">GMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Graphics_Technology" title="Intel Graphics Technology">Intel HD, UHD, and Iris Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Xe" title="Intel Xe">Xe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Arc" title="Intel Arc">Arc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_Controller_Hub" title="Platform Controller Hub">PCHs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Controller_Hub" title="System Controller Hub">SCHs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I/O_Controller_Hub" title="I/O Controller Hub">ICHs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_IDE_ISA_Xcelerator" 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