CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "dl.acm.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9236423c7c7c3dcf',cH: 'LUxHI8Kbt4KPnJZUksqlwZ3o31htBZzH8UE19oOT8ag-1742484709-1.2.1.1-V2W5BfsXgAOKMiO2ZwHJ1mKif5ZCzt3NjZgq5yMCw6rOnmfK.NYT7X10Z5bdcTFk',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3450439.3451863?__cf_chl_tk=_bI4IaMyE.tsqAJq3VQgxmkLxHSgUcGuGZk.kxl0EB4-1742484709-1.0.1.1-a_3aG9DKrp4cnu2cA1y.jta0hVt47SYcxKuXjGsUfNw",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1742484709',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3450439.3451863?__cf_chl_f_tk=_bI4IaMyE.tsqAJq3VQgxmkLxHSgUcGuGZk.kxl0EB4-1742484709-1.0.1.1-a_3aG9DKrp4cnu2cA1y.jta0hVt47SYcxKuXjGsUfNw",md: "VuksI4UP6nRwJSxDbxYiefbQoIiDUKrnskIEE_u0V2Q-1742484709-1.2.1.1-Ao7kZD9QDv8OvTlvCHmBUWu4_VO1D.fpaaoO77518kUCbY8sUXHtzEiAUTYNhZwlSNJ5UN6sa.Y2gWH2HVtZyjTXfsHWPN7TxdyhtgA96wMqekC2rkgjP1qWanYN05pOQdTAnmZi3_5Fc_HMUPyQ_eXlZ5Y2zfOMSTjeVtbFRj3OVWNGdAIVhLUKFXDt.fDlYnwUkym0LyRO4mQnGwS4snQf4WJCsbTZBneBYsfJuU3tpsfWhH7g_VTMUp_xezwTlu3uTeeFF5t0zCO4nMe1ZTRlXwHX038BfaJlPoKlNV3IgnG4gmON1RvIS_yDTLfkaP37Fq0bQBDgmE4.Bx.ruQizCPNYmY0xqjeJmcrXUmDLwIAqIQ17Hjbqrzg6vPlgofK1Y9.W_MBMlU9_9IQ_Yg.AcUvSfGp0bZvs9Fn4mAtKXu3LSOd0pOaV.C.WjpAzyyJnDbtvPHfs000ZNwJz37G0wrxCrVx9OxsInbYvyQopgL7ngpRO62CZZnpixLpQe4N9LuIwBRn4rKLAUbsTc2B4IxtEoiq0yYfsE9lFc.k8PB2iefV_Jpf.LWC4x1Ne2WL_KPyCVr_FqCkiu6rUaZyPFjsKNf6lmLjY_8TZIZ2pLnThIzR.yvHpFgsGLlEUv4x5LIQGEb0T9IeIoGcVIxEGpu57MJ9i5oehmp5UhPBB6M6EALSBymrbNa2Qxj2Mhfzl9OIXsJaOtY0rKur7jYGmMpEIoJ_on83vJMxyNXqMe1wsVI2L2EzS_aGC9WrNDBhed5z3gtxypnfSveiwGjHBfcciZ9kFqtpy1MaRk78YqlN8mNGFEymXAnaRpy3YqZhepf5BjBRglnCEbfVMqFpXKxIY62tvi4htB_peelmH8d9F.Sz.SXWa3nnG7F_BRnIka6bzdCHHcwLcPRLSCIDJq0slwrZBT5EkeeZW4RXBgZAHFsj_9L4Qu6V1qKLlIotoN_TNAIVszSbCg1L_GuHWa3T80r.Stt5GZgxIikY2Vb8A4wr.pSP1G158ThIuuZStCnKxGU7mWMv9AuzIVBzq_ZlSAwIU77iMFev6HZ1XaKktGVkKDVbatiZvWeUtFKaQ6wsuIBu6M3HA_04A0bEvNeXE9NVgw1tptAB582prXIzHS.3XbyJzkFLo30hQg0NkmkJij62CgBpbONQ8kULA3Wg3y_0N2EKj2_8o_Kq_65mv4cW466wp6R.6rAY3gGkZ3Yl3KdAeeYc1pgpWbzIZTQ6xz1cCFvKhVPUV5e1NNAqYquMLKBBGu49czYY2nIvQvIPrLjnc1X_cPJmmhg",mdrd: "tQIcsmDa4pz.yWBOYldvIXWtEptANvvE_ynwEWv44mk-1742484709-1.2.1.1-_z5qKlTNPVMI.N7SBoiyWhr6EaidRxE_SVMYkQDYxBlRI_logq1rUXudPCAfDDLjVSGaSFGH.MT5UNEbQAiYG_QAitTQ5HC2SyUwmD7yYx6hvrcXUOsBnUgaxE5vCZqE_3UXWSBHkTCxFtBst9C4wmUd3IydAz_VpX13Stz3Q93wHe5DvjP6s8WMF8W6w7KVzdk0OiCLUDRdIV0k12rVR_9bn2F2SNkb9VVAJkq.lc0g.Foql2F36kqkhONdgvsqug.kp7lcTGilEolyuHpqEezuBG0GizAnHYhXUP.bG3zEW9v49KXgQQbXuiYtwUqXbzK0adwYkSNOW9mzmTbNYQu3hAWU5jXfxCfMzWKJ9ihkyQgXwcbZGPZb4p28tFrdkxfi2FH61HUcEocVxLstZA5k9rrbhGY0_n.dr68amQvqseM73mrVOAHzYewLh5L.renLfxHvDK8oS8jE6NZryd8u_ze4WpTjTGKgQ0EEo2P35lz1_3F06yTxvkAzH5s86YvTXS_za1VuFCxTb2ayJ.ofjyoymCYNIoT2VVaROjJM8kioUiFFOmfOym3wi27BLGisGqOLvV8zIOPaRQFcR3brvn3PxSTwZlvUJcc2tnHmX9gRuC45X3aJfMdqikchk9P4qxvCLshAyuoncGxZ9bFg9Y2MYLZfBAw5AqSviZ.91SqbPUaUUlcUzn6lAAUeKR7aIm_NBg8av4.aLSBaR5cp75By.RPtGXAwNHvWpHRTdoW65BZb0tql9WsNM00jfYD9iQWyPCQNmbuhkkLtA8qUG71v2FezDVK9tPdiQz1_ZDhKYpoJ3G1jM16SF.JAbw2nPuB3ynIEW97sr8kwCYekWy3J0_ns_a9Mzqf008tiS_hSjmQcpDHBvjesTCi2ry4HL8n51pLUCbxu_YWBf7FvjBCqX7_LjNET117yABDQ8RRCxx6.vSLMlJY7fqLOaVh60ey7U6Lb0OmRY9InZvBmqjjRjSjmWMWVZHoH8kvl7i2raXDLdbKruOxhXJT.g0r6Hq8H_LyZ_uYbhkqOfOvXMq6RqvJwgwFtwpsO_YHmlorvXDDY_Zn9XD04ls7fcqFRAB8WbOPuBcYimP6u9hbzMXM9q9ZoAgqHZTsjqSdSPhHxAWWQ9kLbJApcogRUDNdXeUs_YJ5LjoEAypaxPCeeqnBzfsqC8DbHt5dcFGZxOz9pOUNcrc_vQOia5BM8bX9cg2gjgbjz4mTmiT5BAAhERQi9Rcrwt0AcY.l7baPNVDbGONdH.WZI8peyJyr4w6BM1._lXieGPDpd71Xg7mJwXpUIaT0F.LSV4QZtdwTcAAN20o0cVUmqUpQ_.F192f2mysH31nsDenfvDNUFLVJxHoKiRDvEs7xde4AXNdlCh2eTNiCmEyyqQ3sPwgWds8uuzSb_AtUEH_JcsOlj8sUBtT15ZrPPgga941ul2NhWqxQROy4f1t5rq21ybuhxTWCHu.gD88phygxrAV8n3MJOYj5FKfvudHeocRRDfbAZaxiDCsMA1Ysfa09m3Z_4pOywKAQwe0NwTiHHaV7CIj1JSKu.x4lWbJtqv5ZDCzGCyyjBWN86xK6mwa81TkvQKp1wvu7sLxsb5uLvw5ZnI2jwd6FqZRd8MRUxQntu7aQ22WIoJSqEf4Tt8uR6shEVCqNVR7j3LQBrdZqpo8bSCcOtvv5J.TAYNRsi7Kmy4mps6CCrqmkS7CQqeaNeN5o19N9JLfLM7JDMHL2L4duhqHs0sua1QuaI3XOnkJC5MvVXyujFGjkHc..7DzMPudclS.cCVgDR_VnyBufflX8UoDwws4E1DCvyymszJRorrmZDbehU2JFrFmNKA5_W3CD5AyewGxEgjtkWkciOgd6SGmOdePCEAcWni78Gck3So8ZvSG64LSQqjC8rhuoPYoYrFm1Hn3SlNtueyaritLlfEYillS5vj9Y6ao1fvYiT8GDVenhbfvoWoNAAdDFvOyNTcjY8VjvoxPUMXAAshVFeg03Ki6zjHRTyUjBN38uSBsaPc3SjMABvgzgXyHAI2ctVTxZicvo37QtvN32TSFhAZw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9236423c7c7c3dcf';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1145\/3450439.3451863?__cf_chl_rt_tk=_bI4IaMyE.tsqAJq3VQgxmkLxHSgUcGuGZk.kxl0EB4-1742484709-1.0.1.1-a_3aG9DKrp4cnu2cA1y.jta0hVt47SYcxKuXjGsUfNw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>