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is-link">Go</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <ol class="breathe-horizontal" start="1"> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.11434">arXiv:2009.11434</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.11434">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> A Silicon Beam Tracker </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Han%2C+J+H">J. H. Han</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ahn%2C+H+S">H. S. Ahn</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bae%2C+J+B">J. B. Bae</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hyun%2C+H+J">H. J. Hyun</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jung%2C+S+W">S. W. Jung</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kah%2C+D+H">D. H. Kah</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kim%2C+C+H">C. H. Kim</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kim%2C+H+J">H. J. Kim</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kim%2C+K+C">K. C. Kim</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lee%2C+M+H">M. H. Lee</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lutz%2C+L">L. Lutz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Malinin%2C+A">A. Malinin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Park%2C+H">H. Park</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ryu%2C+S">S. Ryu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Seo%2C+E+S">E. S. Seo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Walpole%2C+P">P. Walpole</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wu%2C+J">J. Wu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yoo%2C+J+H">J. H. Yoo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yoon%2C+Y+S">Y. S. Yoon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zinn%2C+S+Y">S. Y. Zinn</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2009.11434v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> When testing and calibrating particle detectors in a test beam, accurate tracking information independent of the detector being tested is extremely useful during the offline analysis of the data. A general-purpose Silicon Beam Tracker (SBT) was constructed with an active area of 32.0 x 32.0 mm2 to provide this capability for the beam calibration of the Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) calori… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2009.11434v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2009.11434v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2009.11434v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> When testing and calibrating particle detectors in a test beam, accurate tracking information independent of the detector being tested is extremely useful during the offline analysis of the data. A general-purpose Silicon Beam Tracker (SBT) was constructed with an active area of 32.0 x 32.0 mm2 to provide this capability for the beam calibration of the Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) calorimeter. The tracker consists of two modules, each comprised of two orthogonal layers of 380 渭m thick silicon strip sensors. In one module each layer is a 64-channel AC-coupled single-sided silicon strip detector (SSD) with a 0.5 mm pitch. In the other, each layer is a 32-channel DC-coupled single-sided SSD with a 1.0 mm pitch. The signals from the 4 layers are read out using modified CREAM hodoscope front-end electronics with a USB 2.0 interface board to a Linux DAQ PC. In this paper, we present the construction of the SBT, along with its performance in radioactive source tests and in a CERN beam test in October 2006. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2009.11434v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2009.11434v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 23 September, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2020. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">4 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, SORMA WEST 2008 poster #204</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.10371">arXiv:2004.10371</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.10371">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2004.10371">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2021.102583">10.1016/j.astropartphys.2021.102583 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Performance of the ISS-CREAM calorimeter in a calibration beam test </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhang%2C+H+G">H. G. Zhang</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Angelaszek%2C+D">D. Angelaszek</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Copley%2C+M">M. Copley</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Han%2C+J+H">J. H. Han</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Huh%2C+H+G">H. G. Huh</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hwang%2C+Y+S">Y. S. Hwang</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hyun%2C+H+J">H. J. Hyun</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jeon%2C+J+A">J. A. Jeon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kim%2C+K+C">K. C. Kim</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kim%2C+M+H">M. H. Kim</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kim%2C+H+J">H. J. Kim</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kwashnak%2C+K">K. Kwashnak</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lee%2C+H+Y">H. Y. Lee</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lee%2C+J">J. Lee</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lee%2C+M+H">M. H. Lee</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lundquist%2C+J">J. Lundquist</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lutz%2C+L">L. Lutz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Malinin%2C+A">A. Malinin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Park%2C+H">H. Park</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Park%2C+J+M">J. M. Park</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Picot-Clemente%2C+N">N. Picot-Clemente</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Seo%2C+E+S">E. S. Seo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Smith%2C+J">J. Smith</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wu%2C+J">J. Wu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yin%2C+Z+Y">Z. Y. Yin</a> , et al. (1 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2004.10371v5-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass experiment for the International Space Station (ISS-CREAM) was installed on the ISS to measure high-energy cosmic-ray elemental spectra for the charge range $\rm Z=1$ to 26. The ISS-CREAM instrument includes a tungsten scintillating-fiber calorimeter preceded by a carbon target for energy measurements. The carbon target induces hadronic interactions, and showers… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2004.10371v5-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2004.10371v5-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2004.10371v5-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass experiment for the International Space Station (ISS-CREAM) was installed on the ISS to measure high-energy cosmic-ray elemental spectra for the charge range $\rm Z=1$ to 26. The ISS-CREAM instrument includes a tungsten scintillating-fiber calorimeter preceded by a carbon target for energy measurements. The carbon target induces hadronic interactions, and showers of secondary particles develop in the calorimeter. The energy deposition in the calorimeter is proportional to the particle energy. As a predecessor to ISS-CREAM, the balloon-borne CREAM instrument was successfully flown seven times over Antarctica for a cumulative exposure of 191 days. The CREAM calorimeter demonstrated its capability to measure energies of cosmic-ray particles, and the ISS-CREAM calorimeter is expected to have a similar performance. Before the launch, an engineering-unit calorimeter was shipped to CERN for calibration and performance tests. This beam test included position, energy, and angle scans of electron and pion beams together with a high-voltage scan for calibration and characterization. Additionally, an attenuation effect in the scintillating fibers was studied. In this paper, beam test results, including corrections for the attenuation effect, are presented. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2004.10371v5-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2004.10371v5-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 9 June, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 21 April, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> April 2020. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">23 pages, 18 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.01267">arXiv:1506.01267</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1506.01267">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1506.01267">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1506.01267">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena">astro-ph.HE</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/65">10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/65 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Measurements of cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra from the BESS-Polar long-duration balloon flights over Antarctica </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abe%2C+K">K. Abe</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fuke%2C+H">H. Fuke</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Haino%2C+S">S. Haino</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hams%2C+T">T. Hams</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hasegawa%2C+M">M. Hasegawa</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Horikoshi%2C+A">A. Horikoshi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Itazaki%2C+A">A. Itazaki</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kim%2C+K+C">K. C. Kim</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kumazawa%2C+T">T. Kumazawa</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kusumoto%2C+A">A. Kusumoto</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lee%2C+M+H">M. H. Lee</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Makida%2C+Y">Y. Makida</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Matsuda%2C+S">S. Matsuda</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Matsukawa%2C+Y">Y. Matsukawa</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Matsumoto%2C+K">K. Matsumoto</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mitchell%2C+J+W">J. W. Mitchell</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Myers%2C+Z">Z. Myers</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nishimura%2C+J">J. Nishimura</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nozaki%2C+M">M. Nozaki</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Orito%2C+R">R. Orito</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ormes%2C+J+F">J. F. Ormes</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Picot-Clemente%2C+N">N. Picot-Clemente</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sakai%2C+K">K. Sakai</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sasaki%2C+M">M. Sasaki</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Seo%2C+E+S">E. S. Seo</a> , et al. (12 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1506.01267v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The BESS-Polar Collaboration measured the energy spectra of cosmic-ray protons and helium during two long-duration balloon flights over Antarctica in December 2004 and December 2007, at substantially different levels of solar modulation. Proton and helium spectra probe the origin and propagation history of cosmic rays in the galaxy, and are essential to calculations of the expected spectra of cosm… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1506.01267v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1506.01267v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1506.01267v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The BESS-Polar Collaboration measured the energy spectra of cosmic-ray protons and helium during two long-duration balloon flights over Antarctica in December 2004 and December 2007, at substantially different levels of solar modulation. Proton and helium spectra probe the origin and propagation history of cosmic rays in the galaxy, and are essential to calculations of the expected spectra of cosmic-ray antiprotons, positrons, and electrons from interactions of primary cosmic-ray nuclei with the interstellar gas, and to calculations of atmospheric muons and neutrinos. We report absolute spectra at the top of the atmosphere for cosmic-ray protons in the kinetic energy range 0.2-160 GeV and helium nuclei 0.15-80 GeV/nucleon. The corresponding magnetic rigidity ranges are 0.6-160 GV for protons and 1.1-160 GV for helium. These spectra are compared to measurements from previous BESS flights and from ATIC-2, PAMELA, and AMS-02. We also report the ratio of the proton and helium fluxes from 1.1 GV to 160 GV and compare to ratios from PAMELA and AMS-02. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1506.01267v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1506.01267v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 30 August, 2016; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 3 June, 2015; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2015. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">23 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0507174">arXiv:physics/0507174</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0507174">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Beam test calibration of the balloon-borne imaging calorimeter for the CREAM experiment </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marrocchesi%2C+P+S">P. S. Marrocchesi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ahn%2C+H+S">H. S. Ahn</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bagliesi%2C+M+G">M. G. Bagliesi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Basti%2C+A">A. Basti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bigongiari%2C+G">G. Bigongiari</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Castellina%2C+A">A. Castellina</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ciocci%2C+M+A">M. A. Ciocci</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Di+Virgilio%2C+A">A. Di Virgilio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lomtatze%2C+T">T. Lomtatze</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ganel%2C+O">O. Ganel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kim%2C+K+C">K. C. Kim</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lee%2C+M+H">M. H. Lee</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ligabue%2C+F">F. Ligabue</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lutz%2C+L">L. Lutz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Maestro%2C+P">P. Maestro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Malinine%2C+A">A. Malinine</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Meucci%2C+M">M. Meucci</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Millucci%2C+V">V. Millucci</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Morsani%2C+F">F. Morsani</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Seo%2C+E+S">E. S. Seo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sina%2C+R">R. Sina</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wu%2C+J">J. Wu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yoon%2C+Y+S">Y. S. Yoon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zei%2C+R">R. Zei</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zinn%2C+S+-">S. -Y. Zinn</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0507174v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> CREAM (Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass) is a multi-flight balloon mission designed to collect direct data on the elemental composition and individual energy spectra of cosmic rays. Two instrument suites have been built to be flown alternately on a yearly base. The tungsten/Sci-Fi imaging calorimeter for the second flight, scheduled for December 2005, was calibrated with electron and proton beams… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0507174v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0507174v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0507174v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> CREAM (Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass) is a multi-flight balloon mission designed to collect direct data on the elemental composition and individual energy spectra of cosmic rays. Two instrument suites have been built to be flown alternately on a yearly base. The tungsten/Sci-Fi imaging calorimeter for the second flight, scheduled for December 2005, was calibrated with electron and proton beams at CERN. A calibration procedure based on the study of the longitudinal shower profile is described and preliminary results of the beam test are presented. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0507174v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0507174v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 24 July, 2005; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2005. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">4 pages, 4 figures. To be published in the Proceedings of 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2005), Pune, India, August 3-10, 2005</span> </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary">  <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/contact.html"> Contact</a> </li> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>subscribe to arXiv mailings</title><desc>Click here to subscribe</desc><path d="M476 3.2L12.5 270.6c-18.1 10.4-15.8 35.6 2.2 43.2L121 358.4l287.3-253.2c5.5-4.9 13.3 2.6 8.6 8.3L176 407v80.5c0 23.6 28.5 32.9 42.5 15.8L282 426l124.6 52.2c14.2 6 30.4-2.9 33-18.2l72-432C515 7.8 493.3-6.8 476 3.2z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/subscribe"> Subscribe</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/license/index.html">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/policies/privacy_policy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column sorry-app-links"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/web_accessibility.html">Web Accessibility Assistance</a></li> <li> <p class="help"> <a class="a11y-main-link" href="https://status.arxiv.org" target="_blank">arXiv Operational Status <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 256 512" class="icon filter-dark_grey" role="presentation"><path d="M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z"/></svg></a><br> Get status notifications via <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/email/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg>email</a> or <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/slack/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M94.12 315.1c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06S0 341 0 315.1c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h47.06v47.06zm23.72 0c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v117.84c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06s-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V315.1zm47.06-188.98c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06S139 32 164.9 32s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v47.06H164.9zm0 23.72c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H47.06C21.16 243.96 0 222.8 0 196.9s21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06H164.9zm188.98 47.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06h-47.06V196.9zm-23.72 0c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V79.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06V196.9zM283.1 385.88c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06v-47.06h47.06zm0-23.72c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06 0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h117.84c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H283.1z"/></svg>slack</a> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </footer> <script src="https://static.arxiv.org/static/base/1.0.0a5/js/member_acknowledgement.js"></script> </body> </html>

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