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Katolika Eklezio - Vikipedio

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heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Katolika Eklezio</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> kristana eklezio, kies estro estas la Papo </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Lingvo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Lingvo</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Ensaluti&amp;returnto=Katolika+Eklezio&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Atenti</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Redakti</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav><!-- version 1.0.2 (change every time you update a partial) --> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eo" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>La <b>Katolika Eklezio</b> estas la plej granda <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kristanismo">kristana</a> eklezio en la mondo.<sup id="cite_ref-Zenit_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Zenit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ĝi konsistas el 24 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proprajuraj_katolikaj_eklezioj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proprajuraj katolikaj eklezioj">proprajuraj eklezioj</a>, kiuj ĉiuj agnoskas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Episkopo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Episkopo">episkopon</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romo">Romo</a>, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papo">papon</a>, kiel posteulon de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Petro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankta Petro">Sankta Petro</a> kaj ĉefon de la tuta katolika episkoparo. El tiuj proprajuraj eklezioj, unu, la plej granda, nomata la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latina_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Latina Eklezio">Latina Eklezio</a>, estas okcidenta; la aliaj estas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orientaj_katolikaj_eklezioj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orientaj katolikaj eklezioj">orientaj</a>. La membraro loĝas precipe en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E%C5%ADropo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eŭropo">Eŭropo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ameriko">Ameriko</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centra_Afriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centra Afriko">Centra Afriko</a>.</p> <table class="infobox" style="width: 23em; -moz-box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC; -webkit-box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC; box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="3" scope="col" style="background-color: #87CEFA;" class="kaplinio io">Katolika Eklezio</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="emblemo"><img alt="emblemo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/250px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/375px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/500px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="918"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade,_Rome,_Italy.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/250px-Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Peter%2527s_Basilica_facade%252C_Rome%252C_Italy.jpg/375px-Saint_Peter%2527s_Basilica_facade%252C_Rome%252C_Italy.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Peter%2527s_Basilica_facade%252C_Rome%252C_Italy.jpg/500px-Saint_Peter%2527s_Basilica_facade%252C_Rome%252C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4470" data-file-height="2975"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#87CEFA; color:#000000;" class="wikidata-content"><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q879146" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q879146"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">konfesio</span></a> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4204511" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4204511"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">historic church</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4204511?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eklezio">Eklezio</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9592?uselang%3Deo%23P31" title="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata"><img alt="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></b></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width: 5.2em; text-align: left;">Komenco</th> <td>30</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width: 5.2em; text-align: left;">Lando(j)</th> <td colspan="2" style="width: 14em;" class="wikidata-content"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vatikano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vatikano">Vatikano</a> <sup><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9592%23P17" class="extiw" title="d:Q9592">vd</a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width: 5.2em; text-align: left;">Sidejo</th> <td colspan="2" style="width: 14em;" class="wikidata-content"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vatikano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vatikano">Vatikano</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><b>Fondinto(j)</b></td> <td colspan="2" style="width: 14em;" class="wikidata-content"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jesuo_Kristo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jesuo Kristo">Jesuo Kristo</a> <sup><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9592%23P112" class="extiw" title="d:Q9592">vd</a></sup></td> </tr> <tr style="background-color:transparent;"> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding: 0.2em; text-align:left; font-size: 100%; font-weight: 400;"> <table class="infobox collapsible collapsed" width="100%" style="padding:0;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#87CEFA;"> <div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"> &nbsp; </div>Partoj</th> </tr> <tr> <th></th> <td class="wikidata-content" style="width: 14em;"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latina_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latina eklezio">Katolika Latina Eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%A4aldea_katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĥaldea katolika Eklezio">Ĥaldea katolika Eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kopta_Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kopta Katolika Eklezio">Kopta Katolika Eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siria_katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siria katolika eklezio">Siria katolika eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maronita_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maronita eklezio">Maronita eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Grek-Melkita_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolika Grek-Melkita Eklezio">Katolika Grek-Melkita eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siria-malabara_katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siria-malabara katolika eklezio">Siria-malabara katolika eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siria-malankara_katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siria-malankara katolika eklezio">Siria-malankara katolika eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumana_grek-katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumana grek-katolika eklezio">Rumana grek-katolika eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukraina_Grek-Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukraina Grek-Katolika Eklezio">Ukraina Grek-Katolika Eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rutena_grek-katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rutena grek-katolika eklezio">Rutena grek-katolika eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etiopa_katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etiopa katolika eklezio">Etiopa Katolika Eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovaka_grek-katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovaka grek-katolika eklezio">Slovaka grek-katolika eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eritrea_katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eritrea katolika eklezio">Eritrea katolika eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hungara_grek-katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hungara grek-katolika eklezio">Hungara grek-katolika eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulgara_grek-katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulgara grek-katolika eklezio">Bulgara grek-katolika eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_grek-katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greka grek-katolika eklezio">Greka grek-katolika eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Itala-albana_grek-katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Itala-albana grek-katolika eklezio">Itala-albana grek-katolika eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kroata_grek-katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kroata grek-katolika eklezio">Kroata grek-katolika eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Makedona_grek-katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Makedona grek-katolika eklezio">Makedona grek-katolika eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albana_grek-katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albana grek-katolika eklezio">Albana grek-katolika eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusa_grek-katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusa grek-katolika eklezio">Rusa grek-katolika eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belorusa_grek-katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belorusa grek-katolika eklezio">Belorusa grek-katolika eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Armena_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolika Armena Eklezio">Katolika Armena Eklezio</a>, <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5053187" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q5053187"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Catholic laity</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5053187?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span>, <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q105200214" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q105200214"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Catholic cleric</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105200214?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_teologio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolika teologio">katolika teologio</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9592?uselang%3Deo%23P527" title="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata"><img alt="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> <sup><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9592%23P527" class="extiw" title="d:Q9592">vd</a></sup></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><b>Posedatoj</b></td> <td colspan="2" style="width: 14em;" class="wikidata-content"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q980982" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q980982"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Katedralo de la Sankta Koro</span></a> <br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vatikana_Palaco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vatikana Palaco">Apostola palaco</a> <br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katedralo_de_Nia_Sinjorino_(Antverpeno)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katedralo de Nia Sinjorino (Antverpeno)">Katedralo de Nia Sinjorino</a> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18480054" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q18480054"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Bishop Saint and Saint Francis of Assisi</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18480054?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q204243" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q204243"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">St. Roch in Glory</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204243?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q496966" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q496966"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">San Bernardino of Siena preaching before Alfonso V of Aragon</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496966?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q323155" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q323155"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Marienaltar</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323155?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q572697" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q572697"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Pesaro Madonna</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572697?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q577165" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q577165"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Sermon and Deeds of the Antichrist</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577165?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7792541" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q7792541"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Thomas More College</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7792541?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5188475" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q5188475"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Cross of Justin II</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5188475?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1193480" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1193480"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">St. Mary's Cathedral</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193480?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1086358" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1086358"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">St. Rumbold's Cathedral</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1086358?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5567497" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q5567497"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Gleeson College</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5567497?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1896273" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1896273"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Maria Rosenkranzkönigin</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1896273?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3919090" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3919090"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Sarja Church</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3919090?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2919096" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2919096"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Vatikana Klimata Arbaro</span></a> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q577248" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q577248"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Saint Matthew and the Angel</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577248?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9592?uselang%3Deo%23P1830" title="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata"><img alt="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> <sup><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9592%23P1830" class="extiw" title="d:Q9592">vd</a></sup></td> </tr> <tr style="background-color:transparent;"> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding: 0.2em; text-align:left; font-size: 100%; font-weight: 400;"> <table class="infobox collapsible collapsed" width="100%" style="padding:0;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#87CEFA;"> <div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"> &nbsp; </div>Premioj</th> </tr> <tr> <th></th> <td class="wikidata-content"> <ul> <li><small>(2010)</small> &nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2517928" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2517928"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">'Verschlossene Auster' award</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2517928?uselang%3Deo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9592?uselang%3Deo%23P166" title="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata"><img alt="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></li> </ul><sup><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9592%23P166" class="extiw" title="d:Q9592">vd</a></sup></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width: 5.2em; text-align: left;">Retejo</th> <td colspan="2" style="width: 14em;" class="wikidata-content"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/it.html">Oficiala retejo</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="shangu-shablonon infoboximage" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;padding:0 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em"> <div class="noprint toccolours" style="border:2px solid #a2a9b1;padding:5px;background-color:#87CEFA;color:black;font-size:xx-small;font-weight:normal"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9592" title="d:Q9592"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/15px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/23px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Informkestoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikipedio:Informkestoj"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/15px-Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/23px-Information_icon.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/30px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure><span class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Cablono:Informkesto_organiza%C4%B5o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ŝablono:Informkesto organizaĵo">v</a> • <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Cablono-Diskuto:Informkesto_organiza%C4%B5o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ŝablono-Diskuto:Informkesto organizaĵo">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25C5%259Cablono%253AInformkesto_organiza%25C4%25B5o%26action%3Dedit">r</a></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="toccolours" cellspacing="3px" style="float: right; clear:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:center; width:25%;"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size:150%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Tobu_World_Square_St_Peters_Basilica_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Tobu_World_Square_St_Peters_Basilica_2.jpg/250px-Tobu_World_Square_St_Peters_Basilica_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Tobu_World_Square_St_Peters_Basilica_2.jpg/375px-Tobu_World_Square_St_Peters_Basilica_2.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Tobu_World_Square_St_Peters_Basilica_2.jpg/500px-Tobu_World_Square_St_Peters_Basilica_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></a></span> </span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:12px; background:#ccccff">Organizo</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:12px"><p><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papo">Papo</a>: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisko_(papo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisko (papo)">Francisko</a><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolegio_de_kardinaloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolegio de kardinaloj">Kolegio de kardinaloj</a><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latina_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Latina Eklezio">Latina Eklezio</a><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orientaj_katolikaj_eklezioj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orientaj katolikaj eklezioj">Orientaj katolikaj eklezioj</a></p></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:12px; background:#ccccff">Kunteksto</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:12px"><p><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historio_de_kristanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historio de kristanismo">Historio</a>&nbsp;• &nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kristanismo">Kristanismo</a><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolikismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolikismo">Katolikismo</a>&nbsp;• &nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostola_posteuleco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostola posteuleco">Apostola posteuleco</a><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Dekalogo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Dekalogo">La Dekalogo</a><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krucumo_de_Jesuo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krucumo de Jesuo">Krucumo</a> <small>kaj</small> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Resurekto_de_Jesuo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Resurekto de Jesuo">Resurekto de Jesuo</a><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88ieliro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉieliro">Ĉieliro de Jesuo</a>&nbsp;• &nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88ieliro_de_Maria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ĉieliro de Maria">Ĉieliro de Maria</a><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kritikoj_al_la_Romkatolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kritikoj al la Romkatolika Eklezio">Kritikoj al la Eklezio</a><br></p></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:12px; background:#ccccff">Teologio</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:12px"><p><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triunuo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Triunuo">Triunuo</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dio_Patro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dio Patro">Patro</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kristo">Filo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Spirito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sankta Spirito">Sankta Spirito</a>)<br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_teologio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolika teologio">katolika teologio</a> <br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Graco">Graco</a>&nbsp;• <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sakramento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sakramento">Sakramento</a><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Purgatorio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Purgatorio">Purgatorio</a>&nbsp;• &nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Savo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Savo">Savo</a><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prapeko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prapeko">Prapeko</a>&nbsp;• &nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanktulo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanktulo">Sanktuloj</a>&nbsp;•<br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virgulino_Maria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgulino Maria">Virgulino Maria</a>&nbsp;• &nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romkatolika_Mariologio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romkatolika Mariologio">Mariologio</a><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Senmakula_koncipi%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Senmakula koncipiĝo">Senmakula koncipiĝo</a><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/An%C4%9Delologio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anĝelologio">Anĝelologio</a><br></p></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:12px; background:#ccccff">Liturgio kaj Kulto</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:12px"><p><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_liturgio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolika liturgio">Katolika liturgio</a><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E%C5%ADkaristio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eŭkaristio">Eŭkaristio</a>&nbsp;• &nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liturgio_de_la_horoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liturgio de la horoj">Liturgio de la horoj</a><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liturgia_jaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liturgia jaro">Liturgia jaro</a>&nbsp;• &nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblia_kanono?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biblia kanono">Biblia kanono</a></p></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:12px; background:#ccccff">Liturgiaj ritoj</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:12px"><p><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latinaj_ritoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latinaj ritoj">Latinaj ritoj</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_rito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma rito">Roma</a>&nbsp;• &nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambrosia_rito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrosia rito">Ambrosia</a>&nbsp;• &nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mozaraba_rito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mozaraba rito">Mozaraba</a>)&nbsp;• &nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armena_rito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armena rito">Armena</a>&nbsp;• &nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aleksandria_rito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aleksandria rito">Aleksandria</a>&nbsp;• &nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bizanca_rito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bizanca rito">Bizanca</a>&nbsp;• &nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antio%C4%A5ia_rito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antioĥia rito">Antioĥia</a> <br></p></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:12px; background:#ccccff">Temoj <p>&nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_mona%C4%A5a_ordeno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolika monaĥa ordeno">Monaĥismo</a>&nbsp;• &nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pre%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Preĝo">Preĝo</a>&nbsp;• &nbsp;<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arto">Arto</a><br></p></th> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Pope_Francis_with_Cristina_Fernandez_de_Kirchner_4.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Pope_Francis_with_Cristina_Fernandez_de_Kirchner_4.jpg/280px-Pope_Francis_with_Cristina_Fernandez_de_Kirchner_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Pope_Francis_with_Cristina_Fernandez_de_Kirchner_4.jpg/420px-Pope_Francis_with_Cristina_Fernandez_de_Kirchner_4.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Pope_Francis_with_Cristina_Fernandez_de_Kirchner_4.jpg/560px-Pope_Francis_with_Cristina_Fernandez_de_Kirchner_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1342"></a> <figcaption> Nuntempa argentina papo Francisko kun tiama argentina prezidentino <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristina_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Kirchner?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristina Fernández de Kirchner">Cristina Fernández de Kirchner</a> tenanta tradician argentinan <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mateo_(teo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mateo (teo)">mateujon</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La Katolika eklezio estas unu el la plej malnovaj religiaj institucioj en la mondo kaj ĝi ludis gravan rolon en la historio kaj evoluo de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okcidenta_civilizo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Okcidenta civilizo">okcidenta civilizo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-O'CollinsPref_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-O'CollinsPref-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Scio pri la latina formo de katolikismo helpas kompreni <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okcidenta_E%C5%ADropo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Okcidenta Eŭropo">Okcidentan Eŭropon</a>, precipe ĝian historion, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Literaturo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Literaturo">literaturon</a>, belarton kaj kredon, ĉar tiu mondoparto ricevis fortan influon de tiu eklezio.</p> <p>La baza kredo de la Katolika Eklezio estas resumita en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredo_Nicea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kredo Nicea">Kredo Nicea</a>. La baza moralo estas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dekalogo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dekalogo">Dekalogo</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moseo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moseo">Moseo</a>, komprenita laŭ la klarigoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jesuo_Kristo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jesuo Kristo">Jesuo Kristo</a> en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evangelio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evangelio">evangelioj</a>, kaj interpretita laŭ la tradicio de la Eklezia hierarkio. La ĉefa preĝo estas la <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patro_Nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Patro Nia">Patro Nia</a></i>, tiu kiun instruis Jesuo mem kaj kiu resumas la kristanan fidon. Unu de la plej popularaj formoj de preĝado estas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rozario?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rozario">rozario</a>.</p> <p>Laŭ si mem, la Katolika Eklezio estas tiu eklezio, kiun Jesuo Kristo fondis, kiel li promesis al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Petro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankta Petro">Sankta Petro</a>:</p> <dl> <dd> <i>Vi estas Petro [greke: roko], kaj sur ĉi tiu roko mi konstruos mian eklezion; kaj pordegoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hadeso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hadeso">Hades</a> ne superfortos ĝin. Mi donos al vi la ŝlosilojn de la regno de la ĉielo; kaj kion ajn vi ligos sur la tero, tio estos ligita en la ĉielo; kaj kion ajn vi malligos sur la tero, tio estos malligita en la ĉielo.</i> </dd> <dd> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Evangelio_la%C5%AD_Sankta_Mateo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="La Evangelio laŭ Sankta Mateo">Mateo</a> 16:18–19) </dd> </dl> <p>Kiel posteulo de Sankta Petro, la papo havas en la episkoparo aŭtoritaton analogan al tiu de Petro en la apostolaro (la ĉefaj disĉiploj de Jesuo), kaj la eklezio, kies surtera ĉefo li estas, ekzistas sen interrompo de la tempo de Jesuo kaj konservas la veron kaj spiritan potencon de Jesuo per siaj tradicio kaj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sakramento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sakramento">sakramentoj</a>.</p> <p>Tradicio skribita sub la apostoloj fariĝis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_Testamento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova Testamento">Nova Testamento</a>, la kristana parto de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biblio">Biblio</a>. Ĉi-tiu parto de tradicio estas tre grava, sed ĝi ne estas la tuto. Ekzemple, la Biblio diras malmulte eksplicite pri <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rito">rito</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monogamio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monogamio">monogamio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abortigo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortigo">abortigo</a>, dimanĉa <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Meso">meso</a>, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triunuo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Triunuo">Triunuo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Maria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankta Maria">Sankta Maria</a>, ktp. Tradicio oficiale klarigita kaj difinita kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doktrino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doktrino">doktrino</a> (kutime por batali kontraŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herezo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herezo">herezo</a>) fariĝas <i>dogmo</i>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dogmo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dogmo">Dogmo</a> estas difinita de la papo aŭ de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koncilio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koncilio">koncilio</a> (kunveno de la papo kaj episkopoj). Kiam la papo oficialege asertas dogmon, li ne povas erari, laŭ la katolika tradicio.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="eo" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Enhavo</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Nomo"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Nomo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historio"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Historio</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Primitiva_Kristanismo"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Primitiva Kristanismo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mezepoko"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Mezepoko</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Reformacio_kaj_kontra%C5%ADreformacio"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Reformacio kaj kontraŭreformacio</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Epoko_de_malkovroj"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Epoko de malkovroj</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Klerismo"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Klerismo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Industria_epoko"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Industria epoko</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Moderna_epoko"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Moderna epoko</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Nuntempa_epoko"><span class="tocnumber">2.8</span> <span class="toctext">Nuntempa epoko</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Katolika_kredo"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Katolika kredo</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gvidado_de_la_Sankta_Spirito"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Gvidado de la Sankta Spirito</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sakramentoj"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sakramentoj</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Postmorta_vivo"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Postmorta vivo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Virgulino_Maria"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Virgulino Maria</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_eklezia_rolo"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">La eklezia rolo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Savo"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Savo</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sanktuloj"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Sanktuloj</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Organizo_kaj_demografio"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Organizo kaj demografio</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hierarkio,_personaro_kaj_institucioj"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Hierarkio, personaro kaj institucioj</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Membreco_kaj_laikularo"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Membreco kaj laikularo</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Organizoj"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Organizoj</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Eklezia_Latino"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Eklezia Latino</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tradicioj_de_adoro"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Tradicioj de adoro</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Katolikismo_kaj_Esperanto"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Katolikismo kaj Esperanto</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Eldona%C4%B5oj"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Eldonaĵoj</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Esperanto_kiel_interlingvo_de_la_Eklezio"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Esperanto kiel interlingvo de la Eklezio</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Referencoj"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Referencoj</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Literaturo"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Literaturo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vidu_anka%C5%AD"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Vidu ankaŭ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Eksteraj_ligiloj"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Eksteraj ligiloj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Nomo">Nomo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Nomo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>La greka vorto καθολικός (<i>katholikos</i>) signifas "universala" aŭ "ĝenerala" kaj estas ekvivalenta al καθόλου (<i>katholou</i>), kuntiriĝo de la frazo κατὰ ὅλου (<i>kata holou</i>), "laŭ la tutaĵo". La vorto estis unue uzata por priskribi la Eklezion en la frua <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2-a jarcento">2-a jarcento</a>. Post la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orienta_skismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orienta skismo">Orienta-Okcidenta Skismo</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1054?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1054">1054</a>, la eklezioj kiuj restis en komuneco kun la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostola_Se%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostola Seĝo">Roma Seĝo</a> (la diocezo de Romo kaj ĝia episkopo, la Papo, la ĉefpatriarko) estis konataj kiel "katolikaj", dum la Orientaj eklezioj kiu malakceptis la aŭtoritaton de la papo ĝenerale estis konataj kiel "Ortodoksaj". Post la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reformacio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reformacio">Reformacio</a> en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16-a jarcento">16-a jarcento</a>, la Eklezio "en komuneco kun la Episkopo de Romo" uzis la terminon "katoliko" por distingi sin mem de la diversaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestanto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestanto">protestantaj</a> grupoj kiuj disiĝis de ĝi. La nomo "katolika eklezio" aperas en la titolo de la <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katekismo_de_la_Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katekismo de la Katolika Eklezio">Katekismo de la katolika eklezio</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ĝi estas ankaŭ la termino kiun uzis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C5%ADlo_la_6-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paŭlo la 6-a">Paŭlo la 6-a</a> ĉe la subskribo de la dek ses dokumentoj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dua_Vatikana_Koncilio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dua Vatikana Koncilio">Dua Vatikana Koncilio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La nomon "katolika" tamen alpropriigas ankaŭ aliaj Eklezioj, ĉefe ortodoksaj, kiuj ne akceptas la uzon nur por tiuj en komunio kun la Sankta Seĝo de Romo. Tial, aldono de la vorto "Roma" servas por distingi. La Katolika Eklezio, kiu ĝenerale nomas sin simple "katolika", kelkfoje aldonas la adjektivan vorton "Roma", kiel en dokumentoj kiaj la enciklikoj <i>Divini illius Magistri</i> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pio_la_11-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pio la 11-a">Pio la 11-a</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj <i>Humani generis</i> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pio_la_12-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pio la 12-a">Pio la 12-a</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj en komunaj deklaroj subskribitaj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benedikto_la_16-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benedikto la 16-a">Benedikto la 16-a</a> kun <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88efepiskopo_de_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉefepiskopo de Canterbury">Ĉefepiskopo de Canterbury</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rowan_Williams?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rowan Williams">Rowan Williams</a> je la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23-a_de_novembro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23-a de novembro">23-a de&nbsp;novembro</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2006">2006</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patriarko_Bartolomeo_la_1-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarko Bartolomeo la 1-a">Patriarko Bartolomeo la 1-a</a> el <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstantinopolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstantinopolo">Konstantinopolo</a> je la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30-a_de_novembro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30-a de novembro">30-a de&nbsp;novembro</a> 2006<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kaj de kelkaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Episkopa_konferenco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Episkopa konferenco">episkopaj konferencoj</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Sed tiuj ĉi dokumentoj ne koncernas orientajn katolikajn ekleziojn. Ili jam havas eklezian komunumon kun latina eklezio. En la Katekismo de Papo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pio_la_10-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pio la 10-a">Pio la 10-a</a> la Eklezio estis nomata "Romana".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Precipe en landoj de meza kaj orienta Eŭropo, oni kelkfoje, eĉ en ŝtataj dokumentoj, uzas la esprimon "romkatoliko" por indiki katolikon de la latina eklezio, kaj "grekkatoliko" pri membro de bizanca orienta katolika eklezio. Tia uzo ne troviĝas en dokumentoj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Se%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sankta Seĝo">Sankta Seĝo</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Historio">Historio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Historio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Primitiva_Kristanismo">Primitiva Kristanismo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Primitiva Kristanismo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg/180px-Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="336" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2023" data-file-height="3774"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 336px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg/180px-Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="336" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg/270px-Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg/360px-Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> La plej malnova konata detala bildo de Jesuo, el la 6-a jarcento en la monaĥejo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mona%C4%A5ejo_Sankta_Katarina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monaĥejo Sankta Katarina">Sankta Katarino</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Laŭ sia doktrino, la Romkatolika Eklezio estis fondita de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jesuo_Kristo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jesuo Kristo">Jesuo Kristo</a> mem<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_Testamento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova Testamento">Nova Testamento</a> registras la agadon kaj instruadon de lia grupo kaj lia elektado de la dek du apostoloj<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kaj li donis al ili aŭtoritaton daŭrigi la laboron. Katolikoj kredas, ke Jesuo nomumis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Petro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankta Petro">Simonon Petron</a> kiel la gvidanton de la apostoloj<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> per proklamado "sur tiu roko mi konstruos mian eklezion... mi donos al vi la ŝlosilojn de la regno de la ĉielo...". Katolikoj kredas, ke la alveno de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Spirito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sankta Spirito">Sankta Spirito</a> sur la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostolo">apostoloj</a>, en okazintaĵo konata kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pentekosto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pentekosto">Pentekosto</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, markis la komencon de la publika ministerio de la eklezio. Ĉiuj laŭregule konsekritaj episkopoj ekde tiam estas konsiderataj la posteuloj de la apostoloj.</p> <p>La tradiciaj rakontoj diras, ke Petro fondis la kristanan komunumon de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romo">Romo</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kie li servis kiel la unua <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Episkopo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Episkopo">episkopo</a> kaj konsekris <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lino_(papo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lino (papo)">Linon</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kiel posteulo kaj tiel ekis la vicon de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papo">papoj</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Elementoj de tiu tradicia rakonto kongruas kun la ankoraŭ ekzistanta historia indico kiu inkludas la verkadojn de sankta Paŭlo, de pluraj fruaj ekleziestroj (inter ili <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klemento_la_1-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klemento la 1-a">Klemento la 1-a</a>) kaj ian arkeologian indicon. Kelkaj historiistoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kristanismo">kristanismo</a> asertas, ke la Romkatolika Eklezio povas esti spurata al la konsekro de Jesuo al Petro, aŭ ke Jesuo ne fondis eklezion en sia vivdaŭro sed disponigis kadron de kredoj, dum aliaj ne faras juĝon ĉu la eklezio estis fondita aŭ ne de li, sed malkonsentas kun la tradicia vidpunkto, ke la papado devenis de Petro. Tiuj asertas, ke Romo eble ne havis episkopon ĝis kiam la apostolo maljuniĝis kaj sugestas, ke la papado eble estis aldonita de la tradicia rakonto de la primitiva eklezio.</p> <p>Dum la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1-a jarcento">1-a jarcento</a>, la apostoloj vojaĝis ĉirkaŭ la mediteranea regiono fondante la unuajn kristanajn komunumojn aŭ ekleziojn<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, pli ol 40 el kiuj estis establitaj antaŭ la jaro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/100?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="100">100</a>. De <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/58?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="58">58</a> granda kristana komunumo ekzistis jam en Romo&lt;ref[&gt;<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.la-historia.com.ar/historia_roma154.asp">http://www.la-historia.com.ar/historia_roma154.asp</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122203157/http://www.la-historia.com.ar/historia_roma154.asp">Arkivigite je</a> 2011-01-22 per la retarkivo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>]&lt;/ref&gt;. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evangelio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evangelio">evangelioj</a> de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_Testamento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova Testamento">Nova Testamento</a> indikas, ke la plej fruaj kristanoj daŭre observis plurajn tradiciajn judajn leĝojn. Paŭlo ankaŭ direktis la evangeligadon de ne-judaj homoj, ekigante cirkumcid-polemikojn ĉe la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostola_koncilio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostola koncilio">Apostola koncilio</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En tiu koncilio, Paŭlo argumentis, ke <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cirkumcido?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cirkumcido">cirkumcido</a> jam ne estis necesa, kiel dokumentite en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agoj_de_la_Apostoloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agoj de la Apostoloj">Agoj de la Apostoloj</a> (ĉapitro 15). Tiu pozicio estis vaste apogita kaj estis resumita en letero cirkulinta en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antio%C4%A5io?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antioĥio">Antioĥio</a>.</p> <p>Primitiva kristanismo akceptis plurajn romiajn praktikojn, kiel ekzemple antikvan <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sklaveco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sklaveco">sklavecon</a>, kampanjante unuavice por humaneca traktado de sklavoj sed ankaŭ admonante <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sklavo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sklavo">sklavojn</a> por konduti konvene al siaj majstroj. Frue kristanoj rifuzis oferi oferaĵojn al romiaj dioj aŭ adori romiajn regantojn kiel dioj kaj estis pro tio persekutataj.<sup id="cite_ref-macculloch155_19-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-macculloch155-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chadwick21_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-chadwick21-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-macculoch164_21-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-macculoch164-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La unua okazo de persekutado gvidita de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romia_Imperio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romia Imperio">Romia Imperio</a> kontraŭ kristanoj okazis en la 1-a jarcento en Romo sub <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nerono?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nerono">Nerono</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Poste tiaj persekutadoj okazis sub diversaj imperiestroj ĝis la granda persekutado de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diokleciano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diokleciano">Diokleciano</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kajo_Galerio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kajo Galerio">Kajo Galerio</a>, konsiderata kiel lasta provo malaperigi kristanismon<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La nomoj de la mortigitoj estis kompilitaj de la eklezio en la unuaj listoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martiro">martiroj</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Sandro_Botticelli_050.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Sandro_Botticelli_050.jpg/180px-Sandro_Botticelli_050.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="277" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2423"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 277px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Sandro_Botticelli_050.jpg/180px-Sandro_Botticelli_050.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="277" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Sandro_Botticelli_050.jpg/270px-Sandro_Botticelli_050.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Sandro_Botticelli_050.jpg/360px-Sandro_Botticelli_050.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Aŭgusteno de Hipono. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Tamen la frua eklezio daŭre disvastiĝis, kaj evoluis kaj laŭ doktrinaj kaj strukturaj manieroj. Ekde la unua jarcento la episkopo de Romo ĝuis ian agnoskon, sed ĝenerale estis konsiderata kiel unu el inter la ĉefepiskepejoj. Ĝi emis aserti sian doktrinan aŭtoritaton ĉar ĝi kredis, ke la apostoloj Petro kaj Paŭlo gvidis la eklezion tie. La apostoloj fondis ekleziojn ankaŭ en aliaj urboj en la orienta regiono, kaj ties posteulo ĝuis similan rekonon. En la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2-a jarcento">2-a jarcento</a>, skribaĵoj de eminentaj instruistoj difinis katolikajn ideojn en plena opozicio al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gnostikismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gnostikismo">Gnostikismo</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aliaj verkistoj, kiel ekzemple <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klemento_la_1-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klemento la 1-a">Klemento la 1-a</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C5%ADgusteno_de_Hipono?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aŭgusteno de Hipono">Aŭgusteno de Hipono</a>, influis la evoluon de ekleziaj instruo kaj tradicioj. Tiuj verkistoj kaj aliaj estas kolektive konataj kiel ekleziaj patroj. La Eklezio evoluigis la praktikon de renkontiĝo en "sinodoj" (koncilioj) por certigi, ke ĉiuj internaj doktrinaj diferencoj estu rapide solvitaj, kio faciligu ampleksan doktrinan unuecon ene de kaj inter la ĉefaj eklezioj. La koncepto de la supereco de la roma episkopo estis ĉiufoje pli rekonita de la eklezio minimume en la 2-a jarcento, kvankam disputoj pri ĝiaj implicoj finfine kondukis al pli postaj skismoj. La skisma <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donatismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donatismo">Donatismo</a> estis kreita en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norda_Afriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Norda Afriko">Norda Afriko</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/311?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="311">311</a> en disputo pri la aŭtoritato de episkopoj kaj postvivinta ĝis la araba konkero en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7-a jarcento">7-a jarcento</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_um_1000_002.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_um_1000_002.jpg/220px-Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_um_1000_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2027"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 283px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_um_1000_002.jpg/220px-Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_um_1000_002.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="283" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_um_1000_002.jpg/330px-Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_um_1000_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_um_1000_002.jpg/440px-Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_um_1000_002.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Konstantino la Granda kun modelo de Konstantinopolo (mozaiko el <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hagia_Sofia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hagia Sofia">Hagia Sofia</a>, ĉirkaŭ la jaro 1000. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Kristanismo estis enleĝigita en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/313?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="313">313</a> sub la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edikto_de_Milano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edikto de Milano">Edikto de Milano</a> de Konstantino<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson341_25-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Davidson341-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj deklarita la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Ctata_religio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŝtata religio">ŝtata religio</a> de la Imperio en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/380?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="380">380</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wilken286_26-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wilken286-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Post ĝia leĝigo, kelkaj doktrinaj disputoj kondukis al la alvoko de koncilioj. La doktrinaj formuliĝoj rezultiĝantaj el tiuj koncilioj estis pivotaj en la historio de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kristanismo">kristanismo</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_27-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ReferenceB-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La unuaj sep ekumenaj koncilioj, de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unua_koncilio_de_Niceo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unua koncilio de Niceo">Unua koncilio de Niceo</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/325?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="325">325</a>) ĝis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dua_koncilio_de_Niceo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dua koncilio de Niceo">Dua koncilio de Niceo</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/787?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="787">787</a>), serĉis atingi la ortodoksan konsenton kaj establi unuigitan kristanaron. En 325, la Unua koncilio de Niceo kunvenis en respondo al la pliiĝo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Arianismo</a>, la kredo ke Jesuo ne ekzistis eterne sed estis dia estaĵo kreita kaj tial malpli grava ol dio la Patro. Kun la intenco grupigi la bazajn dogmojn de la kristana kredo en formulo, la koncilio promulgis kredaron, kiu fariĝis la bazo de kio nun estas konata kiel la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredo_Nicea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kredo Nicea">Kredo Nicea</a>. Krome, ĝi dividis la eklezion en geografiajn kaj administrajn areojn nomatajn <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diocezo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocezo">diocezoj</a>. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koncilio_de_Romo_(382)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koncilio de Romo (382)">Koncilio de Romo</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/382?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="382">382</a> establis la unuan Biblian kanonon, kiam ĝi enlistigis la tradiciajn librojn de la malnova kaj nova testamentoj. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koncilio_de_Efeso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Koncilio de Efeso">Koncilio de Efeso</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/431?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="431">431</a> kaj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koncilio_de_Kalcedono?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koncilio de Kalcedono">Koncilio de Kalcedono</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/451?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="451">451</a> difinis la rilaton de la dia kaj homa naturoj de Kristo en la disputo kun <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nestorianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nestorianismo">Nestorianismo</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monofizitismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monofizitismo">Monofizitismo</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_27-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ReferenceB-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Konstantino translokigis la imperian ĉefurbon al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bizancio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizancio">Bizancio</a>, kaj la Koncilio de Kalcedono (451) levis la Episkopejon de Bizancio al pozicio "dua en eminenteco kaj povo de la episkopo de Romo"<sup id="cite_ref-Noble214_28-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Noble214-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. De ĉirkaŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/350?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="350">350</a> ĝis ĉirkaŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/500?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="500">500</a>, la episkopoj, aŭ papoj, de Romo konstante pliiĝis en aŭtoritato. Romo havis specialan eminentecon super la aliaj diocezoj. Ĝi estis konsiderita kiel la eklezio fondita de Petro kaj Paŭlo. Ĝi situis en la ĉefurbo de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okcident-Romia_Imperio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Okcident-Romia Imperio">Okcident-Romia Imperio</a>, estis riĉa kaj konata de aliaj eklezioj, kaj ekleziaj akademiuloj preferis la subtenon de la romia episkopo en doktrinaj disputoj<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_29-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ReferenceA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Mezepoko">Mezepoko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Mezepoko" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Gregorythegreat.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gregorythegreat.jpg/200px-Gregorythegreat.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="281" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="1080"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 281px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gregorythegreat.jpg/200px-Gregorythegreat.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="281" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gregorythegreat.jpg/300px-Gregorythegreat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gregorythegreat.jpg/400px-Gregorythegreat.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Gregorio la Granda reformis la eklezian praktikon. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Post romia kolapso en la Okcidento, la katolika kredo konkuris kun <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">arianismo</a> por la konvertigo de ĝermanaj tribecaj popoloj (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ostrogotoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ostrogotoj">ostrogotoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Visigotoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Visigotoj">visigotoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Burgundoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Burgundoj">burgundoj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vandaloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vandaloj">vandaloj</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La konvertiĝo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klodvigo_la_1-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klodvigo la 1-a">Klodvigo la 1-a</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/496?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="496">496</a>, pagana reĝo de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankoj">frankoj</a>, markis la komencon de stabila ascendo de la katolika kredo en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okcidento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Okcidento">Okcidento</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benediktana_regulo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benediktana regulo">benediktana regulo</a>, kunmetita en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/530?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="530">530</a>, iĝis projekto por la organizo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mona%C4%A5ejo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monaĥejo">monaĥejoj</a> ĝenerale en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E%C5%ADropo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eŭropo">Eŭropo</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Same kiel disponiganta fokuson por spirita vivo, la novaj monaĥejoj konservis klasikajn metiojn kaj artajn kapablojn konservante intelektan kulturon ene de lernejoj, skriptorioj kaj bibliotekoj. Ili ankaŭ funkciis kiel agrikulturaj, ekonomiaj kaj produktado-centroj, precipe en malproksimaj regionoj, iĝante gravaj portintoj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civilizo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civilizo">civilizo</a>.</p> <p>La papo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregorio_la_Granda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorio la Granda">Gregorio la Granda</a> reformis eklezian praktikon kaj administracion ĉirkaŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/600?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="600">600</a> kaj lanĉis renoviĝintajn misiajn klopodojn kiuj estis kompletigitaj de aliaj misiaj movadoj kiel ekzemple la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hiberna-skota_misio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hiberna-skota misio">hiberna-skota misio</a>. Misiistoj portis kristanismon al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglosakso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglosakso">anglosaksoj</a> kaj aliaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%9Cermanoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĝermanoj">ĝermanoj</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En la sama periodo, la okcidentaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gotoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gotoj">gotoj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lombardoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lombardoj">lombardoj</a> transiris de Arianismo rekte al Katolikismo, kaj la keltaj eklezioj unuiĝis kun Romo en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/664?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="664">664</a>. Poste misiaj klopodoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cirilo_kaj_Metodo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cirilo kaj Metodo">Cirilo kaj Metodo</a> en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9-a jarcento">9-a jarcento</a> atingis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grandmoravia_imperio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grandmoravia imperio">Grandan Moravion</a> kaj enkondukis, kun kristanismo, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cirila_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cirila alfabeto">cirilan alfabeton</a> uzotan en la sudaj kaj orientaj slavaj lingvoj<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Dum kristanismo daŭre kreskis en Eŭropo, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islamo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islamo">Islamo</a> prezentis signifan armean minacon al okcidenta kristanismo. De <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/715?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="715">715</a>, islamaj armeoj konkeris multon de la suda Mediteraneo.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Vlahernskaya.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Vlahernskaya.jpg/200px-Vlahernskaya.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="450"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 256px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Vlahernskaya.jpg/200px-Vlahernskaya.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="256" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Vlahernskaya.jpg/300px-Vlahernskaya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Vlahernskaya.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikono?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Ikono">Ikono</a> prezentanta la Sanktan Virgulinon Blaĉernitisa, nun en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tretjakova_galerio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tretjakova galerio">Tretjakova galerio</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>De la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8-a jarcento">8-a jarcento</a>, la detruo de religiaj bildoj, iĝis plimulta fonto de konflikto en la orienta eklezio. Imperiestroj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bizanca_Imperio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizanca Imperio">Bizanca Imperio</a> Leono la 3-a kaj Konstantino la 5-a forte apogis bildodetruon, dum la papado kaj la okcidenta eklezio restis en favoro de la admiro al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikono?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Ikono">ikonoj</a>. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/787?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="787">787</a>, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dua_koncilio_de_Niceo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dua koncilio de Niceo">Dua koncilio de Niceo</a> regis en favoro de la ikonadmirantoj sed la disputo daŭris en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9-a jarcento">9-a jarcento</a>. La sekva fremdiĝo kondukis al la kreado de la papaj ŝtatoj kaj la papa kronado de la franka reĝo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karlo_la_Granda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Karlo la Granda">Karlo la Granda</a> kiel imperiestro de la romianoj en 800. Tio poste kreis novajn problemojn kiam sinsekvaj okcidentaj imperiestroj serĉis trudi ĉiufoje pli striktan kontrolon de la papoj.</p> <p>Problemoj en la Orienta kaj Okcidenta Kristanismo kreskis pli en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9-a jarcento">9-a jarcento</a>. Konfliktoj ekestis pri eklezia jurisdikcio en la bizancimperia sudo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italio">Italio</a>, misiistoj al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulgario?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulgario">Bulgario</a> kaj mallonga skismo ĉirkaŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fotio_de_Bizanco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotio de Bizanco">Fotio de Bizanco</a>. Pliaj malkonsentoj okazigis la reciprokan ekskomunikon de la papo kaj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patriarko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patriarko">patriarko</a> en 1054, ofte konsiderita kiel la dato de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orienta_skismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orienta skismo">Orienta skismo</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter140_36-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter140-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La okcidenta branĉo de kristanismo restis en komunio kun la papo kaj restis parto de la Romkatolika Eklezio, dum la Orienta (greka) branĉo kiu malaprobis la papajn asertojn iĝis konata kiel la Ortodoksa Eklezio. Klopodoj ripari la fendon estis provitaj ĉe la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dua_koncilio_de_Liono?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dua koncilio de Liono">Dua koncilio de Liono</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1274?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1274">1274</a> kaj en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koncilio_de_Florenco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koncilio de Florenco">Koncilio de Florenco</a> en 1439. Dum en ĉiu okazo la Orienta Imperiestro kaj Orienta Patriarko ambaŭ konsentis pri la reunuiĝo, tamen la koncilio ŝanĝis la sintenojn de la Orienta Eklezio kaj la skismo restis.</p> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abatejo_de_Cluny?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abatejo de Cluny">klunia reformo</a> de monaĥejoj kiu komenciĝis en 910 ekfunkciigis ĝeneraligitan monaĥan kreskon kaj renovigon<sup id="cite_ref-Duffy88_37-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy88-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Monaĥejoj lanĉis novajn teknologiojn kaj kultivaĵojn, kreskigis la kreadon kaj konservadon de literaturo kaj antaŭenigis ekonomian kreskon. Monaĥejoj, abatejoj kaj katedraloj daŭre funkciigis praktike ĉiujn lernejojn kaj bibliotekojn. Malgraŭ eklezia malpermeso de la praktiko de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uzuro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uzuro">uzuro</a> la pli grandaj abatejoj funkciis kiel fontoj por ekonomia kredito. La 11-a kaj 12-a jarcentoj vidis internajn klopodojn reformi la eklezion. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolegio_de_kardinaloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolegio de kardinaloj">Kolegio de kardinaloj</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1059?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1059">1059</a> estis kreita por liberigi papajn elektojn for de la entrudo fare de imperiestroj kaj nobelaroj. Laika investituro de episkopoj, fonto de la regado de regantoj en la eklezio, estis atakita de reformantoj kaj sub <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregorio_la_7-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregorio la 7-a">Gregorio la 7-a</a>, ekiĝis la investitura polemiko inter papo kaj imperiestro. La afero estis poste aranĝita per la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konkordato_de_Worms?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konkordato de Worms">Konkordato de Worms</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1122?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1122">1122</a>, kie estis interkonsentita ke episkopoj estus selektitaj laŭ eklezia juro<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Robert_de_Normandie_at_the_Siege_of_Antioch_1097-1098.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Robert_de_Normandie_at_the_Siege_of_Antioch_1097-1098.JPG/200px-Robert_de_Normandie_at_the_Siege_of_Antioch_1097-1098.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="194" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1289" data-file-height="1253"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 194px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Robert_de_Normandie_at_the_Siege_of_Antioch_1097-1098.JPG/200px-Robert_de_Normandie_at_the_Siege_of_Antioch_1097-1098.JPG" data-width="200" data-height="194" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Robert_de_Normandie_at_the_Siege_of_Antioch_1097-1098.JPG/300px-Robert_de_Normandie_at_the_Siege_of_Antioch_1097-1098.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Robert_de_Normandie_at_the_Siege_of_Antioch_1097-1098.JPG/400px-Robert_de_Normandie_at_the_Siege_of_Antioch_1097-1098.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roberto_Curthose?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roberto Curthose">Roberto Curthose</a> en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unua_krucmilito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unua krucmilito">Unua krucmilito</a> kontraŭ islamanoj. </figcaption> </figure> <p>En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1095?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1095">1095</a>, bizanca imperiestro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aleksio_la_1-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aleksio la 1-a">Aleksio la 1-a</a> apelaciis al Papo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urbano_la_2-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urbano la 2-a">Urbano la 2-a</a> por helpo kontraŭ refojaj islam-invadoj<sup id="cite_ref-rileysmith_39-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-rileysmith-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kio instigis la papon lanĉi la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unua_krucmilito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unua krucmilito">unuan krucmiliton</a> por helpi al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bizanca_Imperio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizanca Imperio">Bizanca Imperio</a> kaj repreni kontrolon super la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Lando?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sankta Lando">Sankta Lando</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter140_36-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter140-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La celoj ne estis konstante realigitaj, kaj epizodoj de brutaleco faritaj de la armeoj heredigis reciprokan malfidon inter islamanoj kaj okcidentaj kaj orientaj kristanoj, kaj inter tiuj ĉi lastaj. Dum la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kvara_krucmilito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kvara krucmilito">Kvara krucmilito</a> estis la atakoj ĉefe kontraŭ Bizanco fare de la okcidentaj kristanoj kaj tio fine solidigis la skismon inter la eklezioj<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:StFrancis_part.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/StFrancis_part.jpg/200px-StFrancis_part.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="279" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="1024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 279px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/StFrancis_part.jpg/200px-StFrancis_part.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="279" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/StFrancis_part.jpg/300px-StFrancis_part.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/StFrancis_part.jpg/400px-StFrancis_part.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Sankta Francisko el Asizo. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krucmilitoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krucmilitoj">krucmilitoj</a> spronis la formadon de diversaj kavaliraj ordenoj<sup id="cite_ref-Norman_p62-66_41-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Norman_p62-66-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kiel disponigitaj sociaj servoj same kiel protekto de pilgrim-itineroj. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordeno_de_germanaj_kavaliroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordeno de germanaj kavaliroj">Ordeno de germanaj kavaliroj</a>, unu el la ordenoj, konkeris la tiaman paganan <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prusio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prusio">Prusion</a>. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Templanoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Templanoj">templanoj</a> iĝis konataj bankistoj kaj kreditoroj kaj estis subpremitaj de reĝo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filipo_la_4-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Filipo la 4-a">Filipo la 4-a</a> abrupte post <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1300?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1300">1300</a>, kun apogo de la ekleziaj aŭtoritatoj. Poste, almozordenoj estis fonditaj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Francisko_el_Asizo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankta Francisko el Asizo">Sankta Francisko el Asizo</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Dominiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankta Dominiko">sankta Dominiko</a>, kiuj alportis konsekritan eklezian vivon en urbajn valorojn<sup id="cite_ref-LeGoff87_42-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LeGoff87-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tiuj ordenoj ankaŭ ludis grandan rolon en la evoluo de katedralaj lernejoj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universitato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universitato">universitatojn</a><sup id="cite_ref-Woods44_43-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Woods44-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, la rektaj prainstitucioj de la modernaj okcidentaj universitatoj. Rimarkindaj skolastikaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teologo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Teologo">teologoj</a> kiel ekzemple la dominika <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tomaso_el_Akvino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomaso el Akvino">Tomaso el Akvino</a> laboris pri tiuj universitatoj, kaj lia <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sumo_de_teologio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumo de teologio">Sumo de teologio</a> estis intelekta ŝlosila atingo en ĝia sintezo de aristotela penso kaj kristanismo<sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter158_44-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter158-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12-a jarcento">12-a jarcento</a>, suda <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francio">Francio</a> vidis la aperon de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katarismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katarismo">katarismo</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, dualisma herezo kiu disvastiĝis de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orienta_E%C5%ADropo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orienta Eŭropo">Orienta Eŭropo</a> tra <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanio">Germanio</a>. Post kiam la kataroj estis akuzitaj je murdo de papa delegito en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1208?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1208">1208</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papo">papo</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inocento_la_3-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inocento la 3-a">Inocento la 3-a</a> deklaris la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albigensismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albigensismo">albigensan krucmiliton</a> kontraŭ ili, kiu baldaŭ fariĝis "terura masakro". Li poste starigis la unuan papan inkvizicion por radikale ekstermi la ceterajn katarojn. Formaligite sub <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregorio_la_9-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregorio la 9-a">Gregorio la 9-a</a>, tiu mezepoka <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inkvizicio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inkvizicio">inkvizicio</a> estis utiligata por la lukto kontraŭ herezoj aŭ supozitaj herezoj.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Pedro_Berruguete_Saint_Dominic_Presiding_over_an_Auto-da-fe_1495.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Pedro_Berruguete_Saint_Dominic_Presiding_over_an_Auto-da-fe_1495.jpg/200px-Pedro_Berruguete_Saint_Dominic_Presiding_over_an_Auto-da-fe_1495.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="328" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="1920"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 328px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Pedro_Berruguete_Saint_Dominic_Presiding_over_an_Auto-da-fe_1495.jpg/200px-Pedro_Berruguete_Saint_Dominic_Presiding_over_an_Auto-da-fe_1495.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="328" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Pedro_Berruguete_Saint_Dominic_Presiding_over_an_Auto-da-fe_1495.jpg/300px-Pedro_Berruguete_Saint_Dominic_Presiding_over_an_Auto-da-fe_1495.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Pedro_Berruguete_Saint_Dominic_Presiding_over_an_Auto-da-fe_1495.jpg/400px-Pedro_Berruguete_Saint_Dominic_Presiding_over_an_Auto-da-fe_1495.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pedro_Berruguete?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pedro Berruguete">Pedro Berruguete</a>. <i>Sankta Domingo prezidas aŭtodafeon</i> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1475?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1475">1475</a>). </figcaption> </figure> <p>Dum la tempo, aliaj inkvizicioj estis lanĉitaj de laikaj regantoj, sub la iniciato aŭ kun la aprobo de eklezia hierarkio, por procesigi herezulojn, reagi al la minaco de islama invado aŭ por politikaj kaj eĉ privataj celoj. La reĝoj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolikaj_Gere%C4%9Doj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolikaj Gereĝoj">Fernando kaj Izabela de Hispanio</a> formis inkvizicion en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1480?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1480">1480</a>, originale por trakti malfidelajn konvertitojn de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judismo">judismo</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islamo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islamo">islamo</a> al Katolikismo. Dum la periodo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1350-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1350-aj jaroj">1350-aj jaroj</a>, tiu hispana inkvizicio kondamnis inter 3 000 kaj 4 000 homoj, reprezentante ĉirkaŭ du procentojn de akuzitoj. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1482?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1482">1482</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siksto_la_4-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siksto la 4-a">Siksto la 4-a</a> kondamnis la troigon de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana_Inkvizicio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispana Inkvizicio">Hispana Inkvizicio</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, sed Fernando ignoris liajn protestojn. Estas debato inter historiistoj pri la relativa severeco de la Inkvizicio: ĝenerale oni konsideras, ke ĝi kaŭzis la terorigon de la deviantoj kaj malsamopiniantoj, kaj ke ĝi restriktis la liberan pensadon en la landoj kie ĝi havis pli da povo; katolikaj pensuloj asertas, ke pro jarcentoj da protestanta propagando, oni <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nigra_legendo_de_la_Inkvizicio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nigra legendo de la Inkvizicio">troigis</a> la hororojn de la inkvizicioj asociitaj al la Romkatolika Eklezio kun agoj de laikaj regantoj. Kelkaj filozofoj kaj sciencistoj, inter kiuj plej famaj estas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giordano_Bruno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galileo_Galilei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> estis pridemanditaj aŭ eĉ kondamnitaj de la inkvizicio. Laŭ historiisto Thomas Noble, la efiko de la Galilea afero estis restrikti sciencan evoluon en kelkaj eŭropaj landoj. Kiel reago, la eklezio kreis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_Akademio_de_la_Sciencoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa Akademio de la Sciencoj">Papan Akademion de la Sciencoj</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1603?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1603">1603</a>. La inkvizicio ludis maĵoran rolon en la fina elpelo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islamo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islamo">Islamo</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sicilio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sicilio">Sicilio</a> kaj Hispanio. En aliaj sociaj frontoj, katolikaj instruantoj turniĝis rekte al la forigo de sklaveco en la 15-a kaj 16-a jarcentoj, kvankam la papado daŭre aprobis portugalan kaj hispanan prenadon de islamaj sklavoj kaj poste ankaŭ ne evidente kondamnis la sklavigon de amerikaj indianoj fare de la portugalaj kaj hispanaj konkeristoj kaj koloniistoj.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Michelangelo_-_Fresco_of_the_Last_Judgement.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Michelangelo_-_Fresco_of_the_Last_Judgement.jpg/180px-Michelangelo_-_Fresco_of_the_Last_Judgement.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="214" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="786"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 214px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Michelangelo_-_Fresco_of_the_Last_Judgement.jpg/180px-Michelangelo_-_Fresco_of_the_Last_Judgement.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="214" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Michelangelo_-_Fresco_of_the_Last_Judgement.jpg/270px-Michelangelo_-_Fresco_of_the_Last_Judgement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Michelangelo_-_Fresco_of_the_Last_Judgement.jpg/360px-Michelangelo_-_Fresco_of_the_Last_Judgement.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Fresko "La lasta juĝo" de Mikelanĝelo. </figcaption> </figure> <p>En la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14-a jarcento">14-a jarcento</a> la papado venis sub francan regadon, kun <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klemento_la_5-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klemento la 5-a">Klemento la 5-a</a> en 1305 translokiĝante al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avignon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>. La avinjona papado finiĝis en 1376, kiam la papo revenis al Romo sed estis baldaŭ sekvita en 1378 de la 38-jaraĝa okcidenta skismo kun apartaj postulantoj al la papofico en Romo, Avignon kaj (post 1409) <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pizo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Pizo">Pizo</a>, subtenita de konfliktantaj laikaj regantoj. La afero estis finfine solvita en 1417 ĉe la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koncilio_de_Konstanco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koncilio de Konstanco">Koncilio de Konstanco</a>, kie la tri postulantoj aŭ eksiĝis aŭ estis senpovigitaj kaj nova elekto nomumis novan papon en la persono de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marteno_la_5-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marteno la 5-a">Marteno la 5-a</a>.</p> <p>La eklezio estis la domina influo sur la evoluo de okcidenta arto en tiuj tempoj, kontrolante la pliiĝon de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romaniko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romaniko">romaniko</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gotiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Gotiko">gotiko</a> kaj renesancaj stiloj de arto kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arkitekturo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arkitekturo">arkitekturo</a><sup id="cite_ref-Woods122_47-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Woods122-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Renesancaj artistoj kiel ekzemple <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rafaelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rafaelo">Rafaelo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mikelan%C4%9Delo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mikelanĝelo">Mikelanĝelo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernini">Bernini</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Botticelli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Botticelli">Botticelli</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fra_Angelico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fra Angelico">Fra Angelico</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tintoretto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tintoretto">Tintoretto</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caravaggio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>, kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiziano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiziano">Tiziano</a>, estis inter amaso da novaj virtaj sponsoritoj de la eklezio<sup id="cite_ref-Duffy133_48-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy133-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En muziko, katolikaj monaĥoj evoluigis la unuajn formojn de moderna okcidenta muzika notacio kun la celo normigi <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liturgio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liturgio">liturgion</a> en la tutmonda eklezio<sup id="cite_ref-Hall100_49-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hall100-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kaj grandega korpuso de religia muziko estis verkita por ĝi. Tio estis unu el la fortoj kiuj kondukis rekte al la apero kaj evoluo de eŭropa <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klasika_muziko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klasika muziko">klasika muziko</a>, kaj multaj derivaĵoj<sup id="cite_ref-Murray45_50-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Murray45-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Reformacio_kaj_kontraŭreformacio"><span id="Reformacio_kaj_kontra.C5.ADreformacio"></span>Reformacio kaj kontraŭreformacio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Reformacio kaj kontraŭreformacio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La internaj malkonsentoj, la troa sekulara povo de la Eklezio, la koruptado kaj la senrespondecaj kaj skandalaj sintenoj de la diversaj papoj kondukis al serio de kritikoj, ne nur ekstere sed ankaŭ interne de la Eklezio, kiuj fine kondukos al la plej grava <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skismo">skismo</a>, nome la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reformacio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reformacio">Reformacio</a>.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Martin_Luther,_1529.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg/200px-Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="214" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="643"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 214px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg/200px-Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="214" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg/300px-Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg/400px-Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Marteno Lutero. </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Wyclif?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Wyclif">John Wyclif</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Hus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a> kreis la unuan el nova serio de seninterrompaj religiaj perspektivoj kiuj defiis la eklezion. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koncilio_de_Konstanco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koncilio de Konstanco">Koncilio de Konstanco</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1414?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1414">1414</a>-<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1417?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1417">1417</a>) kondamnis Hus kaj ordonis lian ekzekuton, sed ne povis malhelpi la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Husmovado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Husmovado">Husanajn Militojn</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bohemio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bohemio">Bohemio</a>. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1509?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1509">1509</a>, la akademiulo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erasmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a> verkis la libron <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La%C5%ADdo_de_l%27_Stulteco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laŭdo de l' Stulteco">Laŭdo de l' Stulteco</a><sup id="cite_ref-Norman86_51-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Norman86-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kiu vaste kaptis maltrankvilon ĉirkaŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korupto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korupto">korupto</a> en la eklezio. La Koncilio de Konstanco, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koncilio_de_Bazelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Koncilio de Bazelo">Koncilio de Bazelo</a> kaj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kvina_Laterana_Koncilio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvina Laterana Koncilio">Kvina Laterana Koncilio</a> provis ĉion por reformi la internan eklezion sed malsukcesis<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Riĉaj, potencaj kaj sekularaj viroj kiel Rodrigo Borgia (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aleksandro_la_6-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aleksandro la 6-a">Aleksandro la 6-a</a>) povis venki en elekto al la papofico<sup id="cite_ref-Duffy149_53-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy149-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Sekvata de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julio_la_2-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julio la 2-a">Julio la 2-a</a>, li mem prezentiĝis kiel sekulara princo<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1517?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1517">1517</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marteno_Lutero?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marteno Lutero">Marteno Lutero</a> sendis siajn <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Na%C5%ADdek_kvin_tezoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Naŭdek kvin tezoj">Naŭdek kvin tezojn</a></i> al pluraj episkopoj<sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter215_55-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter215-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Liaj disertaĵoj protestis kontraŭ ĉefaj punktoj de katolika doktrino same kiel kontraŭ la vendo de indulgoj<sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter215_55-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter215-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svislando?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svislando">Svislando</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zvinglo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zvinglo">Zvinglo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kalvino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalvino">Kalvino</a>, kaj aliaj forte kritikis la katolikan doktrinaron. Tiuj protestoj kaj defioj evoluis al ampleksa eŭropa movado nomata "<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reformacio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reformacio">Reformacio</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter223_56-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter223-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglikanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglikanismo">Anglikanismo</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reformacio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reformacio">Reformacio</a> kondukis al la disigo de anglikanoj kaj protestantoj for de la Romkatolika Eklezio. Kiel respondo, la eklezio iniciatis serion de reformoj en vastaj areoj kiel doktrino, eklezia strukturo, ordenoj, spiritaj movadoj kaj politiko. La rezultintaj streĉitecoj inter katolikoj kaj protestantoj kaj la perceptita bezono de homogeneco de la kredo ekigis la eŭropajn militojn pro religio.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Francois_Dubois_001.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Francois_Dubois_001.jpg/200px-Francois_Dubois_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1331" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Francois_Dubois_001.jpg/200px-Francois_Dubois_001.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Francois_Dubois_001.jpg/300px-Francois_Dubois_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Francois_Dubois_001.jpg/400px-Francois_Dubois_001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19-a jarcento">19-a jarcenta</a> pentraĵo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Dubois?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Dubois">François Dubois</a> pri la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Masakro_de_Sankta_Bartolomeo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Masakro de Sankta Bartolomeo">Masakro de Sankta Bartolomeo</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanio">Germanio</a>, la reformacio kondukis al naŭjara milito inter la protestanta <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Cmalkalda_Ligo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ŝmalkalda Ligo">Ŝmalkalda Ligo</a> kaj la Katolika Imperiestro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karolo_la_5-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Karolo la 5-a">Karolo la 5-a</a>. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1618?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1618">1618</a> multe pli grava konflikto estis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tridekjara_milito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tridekjara milito">Tridekjara milito</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En Francio, serio de konfliktoj nomitaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francaj_religiaj_militoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francaj religiaj militoj">Francaj religiaj militoj</a> okazis de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1562?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1562">1562</a> al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1598?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1598">1598</a> inter la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hugenotoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hugenotoj">hugenotoj</a> kaj la fortoj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franca_Katolika_Ligo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franca Katolika Ligo">Franca Katolika Ligo</a>. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Masakro_de_Sankta_Bartolomeo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Masakro de Sankta Bartolomeo">Masakro de Sankta Bartolomeo</a> markis la turnopunkton en tiu milito<sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter233_58-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter233-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pluvivantoj regrupiĝis sub <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henriko_la_4-a_(Francio)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henriko la 4-a (Francio)">Henriko de Navaro</a> kiu iĝis katolika kaj komencis la unuan eksperimenton en religia toleremo per sia <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nanta_edikto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nanta edikto">Nanta edikto</a> en 1598<sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter233_58-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter233-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tiu Edikto, koncedita civila kaj religia toleremo al protestantoj, estis heziteme akceptita de papo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klemento_la_8-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klemento la 8-a">Klemento la 8-a</a><sup id="cite_ref-Duffy177_59-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy177-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angla_Reformacio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angla Reformacio">Angla Reformacio</a> sub <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henriko_la_8-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Henriko la 8-a">Henriko la 8-a</a> komence ekiĝis kiel politika disputo. Kiam la nuligo de lia geedziĝo estis neita de la papo, Henriko kreis akton en la parlamento (nome la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gvidpova_akto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gvidpova akto">Gvidpova akto</a>), kiu igis lin, kaj ne la papon, la sola estro de la angla eklezio<sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter235_60-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter235-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kvankam li provis konservi tradician katolikismon, Henriko iniciatis la konfiskon de monaĥejoj, preĝejoj, katedraloj kaj sanktejoj kiuj antaŭe estis sub la posedo de la katolikoj<sup id="cite_ref-Schama_61-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schama-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pli profunda doktrina kaj liturgia reformacio estis okazigita post la morto de Henriko la 8-a kaj daŭris sub la regado de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eduardo_la_6-a_(Anglio)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eduardo la 6-a (Anglio)">Eduardo la 6-a</a> kaj la ĉefepiskopo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Cranmer">Thomas Cranmer</a>. Sub <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maria_la_1-a_(Anglio)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maria la 1-a (Anglio)">Maria la 1-a</a> Anglio denove komuniis kun Romo, sed <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elizabeto_la_1-a_(Anglio)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elizabeto la 1-a (Anglio)">Elizabeto la 1-a</a> poste restarigis apartan eklezion kiu malpermesis katolikajn pastrojn<sup id="cite_ref-Noble519_62-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Noble519-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj malhelpis la katolikan edukadon de la infanoj kaj partoprenadon de la katolika eklezio en la politika vivo<sup id="cite_ref-Solt149_63-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Solt149-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ĝis kiam novaj leĝoj estis kreitaj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1778?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1778">1778</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Hans_Holbein_d._J._049.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Hans_Holbein_d._J._049.jpg/200px-Hans_Holbein_d._J._049.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="291" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2945"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 291px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Hans_Holbein_d._J._049.jpg/200px-Hans_Holbein_d._J._049.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="291" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Hans_Holbein_d._J._049.jpg/300px-Hans_Holbein_d._J._049.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Hans_Holbein_d._J._049.jpg/400px-Hans_Holbein_d._J._049.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Henriko la 8-a, pentraĵo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hans_Holbein_la_malplia%C4%9Da?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Holbein la malpliaĝa">Hans Holbein la malpliaĝa</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koncilio_de_Trento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koncilio de Trento">Koncilio de Trento</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1545?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1545">1545</a>-<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1563?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1563">1563</a>) iĝis la mova forto malantaŭ la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kontra%C5%ADreformacio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kontraŭreformacio">Kontraŭreformacio</a>. Doktrine, ĝi plifirmigis la centran katolikan instruon kiel ekzemple <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transsubstancigo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transsubstancigo">transsubstancigo</a>, kaj la postulo je amo kaj espero same kiel kredo por ricevi savon<sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter242_65-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter242-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ĝi ankaŭ faris strukturajn reformojn, plej grave per plibonigado de la eduko de la pastraro kaj laikularo kaj plifirmigado de la centra jurisdikcio de la romia kurio<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Por popularigi kontraŭ-reformacian instruadon, la eklezio apogis la barokan stilon en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arto">arto</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muziko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muziko">muziko</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arkitekturo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arkitekturo">arkitekturo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Murray45_50-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Murray45-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj novaj ordenoj estis fonditaj. Tiuj inkludis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teatinoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Teatinoj">Teatinojn</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barnabitoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barnabitoj">Barnabitojn</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jezuitoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jezuitoj">Jezuitojn</a>, kelkaj el kiuj iĝis la grandaj misiaj ordenoj de pli postaj jaroj.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La jezuitoj rapide alfrontis la gvidadon de la edukado dum la kontraŭreformacio, rigardante ĝin kiel "batalkampon por koroj kaj mensoj"<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Johnson87_69-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Johnson87-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En la sama periodo, la verkadoj de figuroj kiel ekzemple <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terezo_el_Avila?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Terezo el Avila">Terezo el Avila</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisko_el_Sales?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisko el Sales">Francisko el Sales</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filipo_Neri?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filipo Neri">Filipo Neri</a> generis novajn spiritajn <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skolo">skolojn</a> ene de la eklezio<sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter251_70-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter251-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En ĉi tiu lasta parto de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17-a jarcento">17-a jarcento</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inocento_la_11-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inocento la 11-a">Inocento la 11-a</a> reformis la hierarkion de la eklezio, inkluzive de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simonio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simonio">simonio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nepotismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nepotismo">nepotismo</a> kaj la abundegaj papaj elspezoj kiuj heredigis al li grandan papan ŝuldon<sup id="cite_ref-Duffy188_71-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy188-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Li antaŭenigis misian agadon, provis asocii Eŭropon kontraŭ la Turkaj invadoklopodoj kaj malhelpis influajn katolikajn regantojn (inkluzive de la imperiestro) de geedziĝeco kun protestantoj.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Epoko_de_malkovroj">Epoko de malkovroj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Epoko de malkovroj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Ferdinand_Magellan.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ferdinand_Magellan.jpg/200px-Ferdinand_Magellan.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="247" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="693"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 247px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ferdinand_Magellan.jpg/200px-Ferdinand_Magellan.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="247" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ferdinand_Magellan.jpg/300px-Ferdinand_Magellan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ferdinand_Magellan.jpg/400px-Ferdinand_Magellan.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Portreto de Magelano fare de nekonata pentristo. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epoko_de_malkovroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoko de malkovroj">Epoko de malkovroj</a> vidis la vastiĝon de Okcidenteŭropa potenco kaj kulturo kaj, konsiderante la elstaran rolon de Hispanio kaj Portugalio, la disvastigon de Katolikismo al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ameriko">Ameriko</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azio">Azio</a> fare de esploristoj kaj misiistoj.</p> <p><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aleksandro_la_6-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aleksandro la 6-a">Aleksandro la 6-a</a> aljuĝis koloniajn rajtojn sur la plej granda parto de la lastatempe malkovritaj teroj al Hispanio kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugalio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugalio">Portugalio</a><sup id="cite_ref-Koschorke13_72-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Koschorke13-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj la rezultinta sistemo permesis ŝtatinstancojn, ne la Vatikanon, kontroli ĉiujn klerikajn nomumojn en la novaj kolonioj<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kvankam la hispanaj reĝoj teorie provis limigi la fitraktadon kontraŭ la indianoj fare de esploristoj kaj konkerintoj<sup id="cite_ref-Noble450_74-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Noble450-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antonio_de_Montesinos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antonio de Montesinos">Antonio de Montesinos</a>, dominika monaĥo, malkaŝe riproĉis al la hispanaj regantoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispaniolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispaniolo">Hispaniolo</a> jam en 1511 pro ilia krueleco kaj tiraneco pro aĉa traktado de la amerikaj indiĝenoj<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La reĝo Fernando realigis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le%C4%9Doj_de_Burgoso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leĝoj de Burgoso">Leĝojn de Burgoso</a> kaj Valadolido en respondo<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La temo gvidis al krizo de konscienco en Hispanio en la 16-a jarcento kaj, tra la verkadoj de katolika pastraro kiel ekzemple <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_Las_Casas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartolomé de Las Casas">Bartolomé de Las Casas</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisko_de_Vitorio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisko de Vitorio">Francisko de Vitorio</a>, kondukis al debato pri la naturo de homaj rajtoj<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj al la naskiĝo de moderna <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_juro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia juro">internacia juro</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Observigo de tiuj leĝoj estis malstrikta, kaj kelkaj historiistoj riproĉas al la eklezio ne fari sufiĉe multe por liberigi la indianojn. Aliaj montras al la eklezio kiel la nura voĉo kiu laŭtigis sian voĉon nome de indiĝenaj popoloj<sup id="cite_ref-Dussel45_79-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dussel45-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Fray_Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Fray_Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas.jpg/200px-Fray_Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="271" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1733"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 271px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Fray_Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas.jpg/200px-Fray_Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="271" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Fray_Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas.jpg/300px-Fray_Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Fray_Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas.jpg/400px-Fray_Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Bartolomé de las Casas. </figcaption> </figure> <p>En 1521 la portugala esploristo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_de_Magalh%C3%A3es?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fernão de Magalhães">Fernando de Magaljao</a> faris la unuajn katolikajn konvertigojn en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filipinoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filipinoj">Filipinoj</a><sup id="cite_ref-Koschorke21_80-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Koschorke21-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aliloke, portugalaj misiistoj sub la estreco de hispana jezuito <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisco_Xavier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisco Xavier">Francisco Xavier</a> evangelizis en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hindio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Hindio">Hindio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88inio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉinio">Ĉinio</a>, kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japanio">Japanio</a><sup id="cite_ref-Koschorke3_81-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Koschorke3-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La kresko de la eklezio en Japanio haltiĝis en 1597 kiam la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Cogunato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŝogunato">ŝogunato</a>, kun la celo izoligi la landon de eksterlandaj influoj, lanĉis severan persekutadon de kristanoj. Subtera malplimulto de kristanoj postvivis ĝenerale en tiu periodo de persekutado<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj observigita izoliteco estis poste ĉesigita en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19-a jarcento">19-a jarcento</a><sup id="cite_ref-Koschorke31_83-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Koschorke31-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En Ĉinio, malgraŭ jezuitaj klopodoj trovi interkonsenton, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88ina_rito-polemiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉina rito-polemiko">ĉina rito-polemiko</a> kondukis al la kanĝia imperiestro al kontraŭleĝigado de la kristanaj misioj en 1721<sup id="cite_ref-McManners328_84-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-McManners328-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tiuj okazaĵoj aldonis lignerojn al kreskigado de kritiko de la jezuitoj, kiuj estis observitaj kiel la sendependa potenco de la eklezio, kaj en 1773 eŭropaj regantoj kuniĝis por devigi Klementon la 14-a disigi la ordenon<sup id="cite_ref-Duffy193_85-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy193-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La jezuitoj estis poste restarigitaj per la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buleo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Buleo">buleo</a> de 1814 <i>Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum</i>. En la Kalifornioj<sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter295_86-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter295-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, franciskana pastro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a> fondis serion de misiejoj<sup id="cite_ref-Norman111_87-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Norman111-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudameriko">Sudameriko</a>, jezuitaj misiistoj serĉis protekti indiĝenajn homojn de sklavigo per establado de duon-sendependaj kompromisejoj en areoj de nuna <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paragvajo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paragvajo">Paragvajo</a>, norda <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argentino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argentino">Argentino</a> kaj suda <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brazilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brazilo">Brazilo</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Klerismo">Klerismo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Klerismo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re,_portrait_de_Voltaire,_d%C3%A9tail_(mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet)_-002.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg/200px-Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="5000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg/200px-Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg/300px-Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg/400px-Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Voltero kritikis la religion kaj la katolikan eklezion. </figcaption> </figure> <p>De la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17-a jarcento">17-a jarcento</a> pluen, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klerismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klerismo">klerismo</a> pridubis la moralon, potencon kaj influon de la katolika eklezio sur la okcidenta socio. Verkistoj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18-a jarcento">18-a jarcento</a>, kiel ekzemple <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voltaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> kaj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enciklopediistoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enciklopediistoj">Enciklopediistoj</a> verkis acerbajn kritikojn pri la religio kaj la eklezio. Unu celo de ilia kritiko estis la revoko de 1685 de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nanta_edikto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nanta edikto">Nanta edikto</a> de la reĝo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludoviko_la_14-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludoviko la 14-a">Ludoviko la 14-a</a> kiu finigis dumjarcentan politikon de religia toleremo de protestantaj hugenotoj.</p> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franca_Revolucio_de_1789?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Franca Revolucio de 1789">Franca Revolucio de 1789</a> kaŭzis ŝoviĝon de potenco de la eklezio al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Ctato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ŝtato">Ŝtato</a>, ruiniĝo kaj mistraktado de preĝejoj kaj la establado de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kulto_al_la_racio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kulto al la racio">kulto al la racio</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter285_88-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter285-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En 1799, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> invadis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italio">Italion</a>, malliberigante la papon <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pio_la_6-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pio la 6-a">Pio la 6-a</a>, kiu mortis en kaptiteco. Napoleono poste restarigis la Romkatolikan Eklezion en Francio tra la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konkordato_de_1801?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konkordato de 1801">Konkordato de 1801</a><sup id="cite_ref-Collins176_89-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Collins176-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La fino de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleonaj_militoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonaj militoj">napoleonaj militoj</a> alportis katolikan revigliĝon kaj la restarigon de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_%C5%9Ctato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa Ŝtato">Papa Ŝtato</a><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La vastiĝo de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brita_Imperio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Brita Imperio">Brita Imperio</a> alportis la unuajn katolikojn al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C5%ADstralio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aŭstralio">Aŭstralio</a> per la alveno de irlandaj malliberigitoj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sidnejo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sidnejo">Sidnejo</a> en 1788. Je la fino de la 19-a jarcento, la misiistoj estis portintaj la katolikismon al la najbaraj insuloj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oceanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceanio">Oceanio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latinameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latinameriko">Latinameriko</a>, heredo de kontraŭ-klerikalaj reĝimoj komenciĝis en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1830-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1830-aj jaroj">1830-aj jaroj</a><sup id="cite_ref-Stacy,_p._139_92-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Stacy,_p._139-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ekleziaj proprietoj estis konfiskitaj<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, episkopejoj forpelitaj kaj vakaj ordenoj subpremitaj, la kolekto de klerika dekonimposto (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dekona%C4%B5o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dekonaĵo">dekonaĵo</a>) finiĝis<sup id="cite_ref-kirkwood101102_94-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-kirkwood101102-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj klerika robo en publika spaco estis dekomence malpermesita<sup id="cite_ref-hamnett163164_95-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hamnett163164-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj poste malhelpita en kelkaj landoj.</p> <p><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregorio_la_16-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregorio la 16-a">Gregorio la 16-a</a> defiis la potencon de la hispanaj kaj portugalaj monarkoj per nomumado de siaj propraj kandidatoj kiel koloniaj episkopoj. Li ankaŭ kondamnis sklavecon kaj la komercon de sklavoj per la buleo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1839?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1839">1839</a> <i>In Supremo Apostolatus</i><sup id="cite_ref-Duffy221_96-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy221-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Industria_epoko">Industria epoko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Industria epoko" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Engraving_of_First_Vatican_Council.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Engraving_of_First_Vatican_Council.jpg/300px-Engraving_of_First_Vatican_Council.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="701"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 186px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Engraving_of_First_Vatican_Council.jpg/300px-Engraving_of_First_Vatican_Council.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="186" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Engraving_of_First_Vatican_Council.jpg/450px-Engraving_of_First_Vatican_Council.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Engraving_of_First_Vatican_Council.jpg/600px-Engraving_of_First_Vatican_Council.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> La Unua Vatikana Koncilio estas la 20-a ekumena <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koncilio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koncilio">koncilio</a> de la katolika eklezio. </figcaption> </figure> <p>En respondo al la sociaj defioj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industria_revolucio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Industria revolucio">Industria revolucio</a> kaj ties rezulto en la apero de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laborista_movado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laborista movado">laborista movado</a>, tute for de la atingo de la ekleziuloj, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leono_la_13-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leono la 13-a">Leono la 13-a</a> publikigis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encikliko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encikliko">enciklikon</a> <i>Rerum Novarum</i>. Ĝi metis katolikan socian instruon en esprimoj kiuj malaprobis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socialismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Socialismo">socialismon</a>, kiel materiisma ideologio, sed rekomendis la reguligon de la laborkondiĉoj, la establadon de vivsalajro kaj la rajton de laboristoj formi <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sindikato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sindikato">sindikatojn</a><sup id="cite_ref-Duffy240_97-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy240-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tamen en plej areoj kaj sektoroj de katolikaj landoj, la ekleziuloj dum la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19-a jarcento">19-a jarcento</a> restis tre ofte flanke de la burĝaro, de kiuj foje dependis ilia propra materia survivado, dum la malriĉuloj kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laboristo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laboristo">laboristoj</a> estis pli malproksimaj de la ekleziaj organizoj kaj tre ofte estis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Virino">virinoj</a> kiuj restis pli fidelaj al la katolika praktiko.</p> <p>Kvankam la neeraripovo de la eklezio en doktrinaj aferoj ĉiam estis eklezia dogmo, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unua_Vatikana_Koncilio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unua Vatikana Koncilio">Unua Vatikana Koncilio</a>, kiu kunvenis en 1870, asertis la doktrinon de papa neeraripovo se ekzercite sub specifaj kondiĉoj<sup id="cite_ref-Leith_98-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Leith-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tiu decido donis al la papo "grandegan moralan kaj spiritan aŭtoritaton sur la tutmonda eklezio"<sup id="cite_ref-Pollard8_99-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pollard8-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Reago al la deklaro gvidis al la disiĝo de grupo de plejparte germanaj eklezioj kiuj poste formis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prakatolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prakatolika Eklezio">Prakatolikan Eklezion</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fahlbusch_100-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fahlbusch-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Moderna_epoko">Moderna epoko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Moderna epoko" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unui%C4%9Do_de_Italio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unuiĝo de Italio">unuiĝo de Italio</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1870?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1870">1870</a> kaŭzis la perdon de la papa povo sur la papoŝtata teritorio, malgraŭ ties forta kontraŭstaro<sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter307_101-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter307-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La teritoria disputo inter la papo kaj la itala registaro daŭris dum la fino de la 19-a jarcento kaj la komenco de la 20-a. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1929?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1929">1929</a> estis subskribitaj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lateranaj_Traktatoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lateranaj Traktatoj">Lateranaj Traktatoj</a> kun la reĝimo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benito_Mussolini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>, kiu koncedis suverenecon al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Se%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sankta Seĝo">Sankta Seĝo</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vatikanurbo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatikanurbo">Vatikanurbo</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter387_102-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter387-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ĉe la fino de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19-a jarcento">19-a jarcento</a>, katolikaj misiistoj akompanis koloniajn registarojn en Afriko kaj konstruis monaĥejojn, preĝejojn, lernejojn, kaj kuracejojn.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Franco0001.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Franco0001.PNG/180px-Franco0001.PNG" decoding="async" width="180" height="244" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="420"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 244px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Franco0001.PNG/180px-Franco0001.PNG" data-width="180" data-height="244" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Franco0001.PNG/270px-Franco0001.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Franco0001.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Franco dum sia milita insurekcio ricevis la subtenon de la Katolika Eklezio. Aliflanke dum la frankisma diktaturo la eklezio ricevis apogon de la reĝimo por establi preskaŭdevigan katolikismon. Franco mem ricevis ekleziajn privilegiojn. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20-a jarcento">20-a jarcento</a> vidis la ascendon de diversaj movadoj kontraŭaj al la eklezia superrego, kiuj foje atingis registaran povon. En 1926 la Leĝo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plutarco_El%C3%ADas_Calles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plutarco Elías Calles">Calles</a> apartigis eklezion kaj ŝtaton en Meksiko, kio kondukis al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristisma_Milito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kristisma Milito">Kristisma Milito</a><sup id="cite_ref-Chadwick264_103-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chadwick264-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en kiu pli ol 3 000 pastroj estis ekzilitaj aŭ murditaj<sup id="cite_ref-Scheina_104-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Scheina-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj diversaj preĝejoj profanitaj<sup id="cite_ref-Chadwick264_103-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chadwick264-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En Sovetunio post la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusa_revolucio_de_1917?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusa revolucio de 1917">rusa revolucio de 1917</a>, okazis persekutado kontraŭ ĉiuj eklezioj, inklude tiuj kun katolika obeo ĝis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1930-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1930-aj jaroj">1930-aj jaroj</a><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aldone al la ekzekuto kaj ekzilado de klerikoj, monaĥoj kaj laikoj, la konfisko de religiaj iloj kaj finigo de la funkciado de preĝejoj estis ofta<sup id="cite_ref-Riasanovsky_634_106-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Riasanovsky_634-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Dum la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana_Civitana_Milito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispana Civitana Milito">Hispana Civitana Milito</a> (1936-39), la katolika hierarkio subtenis la naciistan ribelanton <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisco_Franco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> kontraŭ la registaro de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Popola_Fronto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Popola Fronto">Popola Fronto</a><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kaj ĝi konsideris la militon kiel <i>krucmilito</i>. En la respublikisma fronto, tuj post la ekigo de la milito, okazis diversaj persekutoj kontraŭ la eklezio, ĉefe per brulado de preĝejoj kaj persekuto de pastroj<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kiuj siavice tre ofte partianis en la frankisma flanko, ĉefe post la frankisma venko. Pio la 11-a nomis tiujn tri landojn "terura triangulo"<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj la malsukceso protesti en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E%C5%ADropo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eŭropo">Eŭropo</a> kaj Usono kiel "komploto de silento". La Eklezio ricevis gravajn privilegiojn post la venko de Franco, kio daŭris de diktatura maniero ĝis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1970-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1970-aj jaroj">1970-aj jaroj</a>, kiam fakte iu grava sektoro de la eklezio aktive partoprenis en la demokratiigo de la lando; post tio ĝenerale la sinteno de la katolikaj hierarkioj estis denove malprogresema, malakceptante reformojn.</p> <p>La Eklezio subskribis kun la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hitler?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">hitlera</a> reĝimo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triaregna_konkordato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Triaregna konkordato">konkordaton</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1933?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1933">1933</a> kiu garantiis al la eklezio en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nazia_Germanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nazia Germanio">Nazia Germanio</a> ian protekton kaj rajtojn<sup id="cite_ref-Rhodes182_110-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rhodes182-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1937?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1937">1937</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pio_la_11-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pio la 11-a">Pio la 11-a</a> eldonis en 1937 la enciklikon <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mit_brennender_Sorge?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mit brennender Sorge">Mit brennender Sorge</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Rhodes197_111-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rhodes197-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kiu publike kondamnis la persekutadon fare de la nazioj de la eklezio kaj ilian ideologion pri rasa supereco<sup id="cite_ref-Rhodes204_112-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rhodes204-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Post kiam la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dua_Mondmilito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dua Mondmilito">Dua Mondmilito</a> komenciĝis en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Septembro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Septembro">septembro</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1939?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1939">1939</a>, la eklezio kondamnis la invadon al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pollando?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pollando">Pollando</a> kaj postaj naziaj invadoj en 1940<sup id="cite_ref-Cook983_113-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cook983-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Miloj da katolikaj pastroj, monaĥoj kaj monaĥinoj estis enkarcerigitaj kaj murditaj en la areoj okupitaj de la nazioj, inkluzive de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maksimiliano_Kolbe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maksimiliano Kolbe">Maksimiliano Kolbe</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edith_Stein?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edith Stein">Edith Stein</a><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La rolo de la papo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pio_la_12-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pio la 12-a">Pio la 12-a</a> dum la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holoka%C5%ADsto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holokaŭsto">Holokaŭsto</a> estas ankoraŭ tre debatata; dum la eklezio deklaras, ke li gvidis la eklezian hierarkion por helpi protekti judojn de la nazioj<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj helpis ŝpari centojn da vivoj de judoj<sup id="cite_ref-Deák_116-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-De%C3%A1k-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, diversaj historiistoj diras, ke la eklezio ankaŭ estis kulpa pro la apogado dum jarcentoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antisemitismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antisemitismo">antisemitismo</a>, kiu servis parte kiel bazo por la nazia persekuto<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj Pio mem ne faris sufiĉe por ĉesigi naziajn abomenaĵojn<sup id="cite_ref-Phayer_118-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Phayer-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Debato pri la valideco de tiuj kritikoj daŭras ĝis la nuntempo<sup id="cite_ref-Deák_116-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-De%C3%A1k-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En 2000 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johano_Pa%C5%ADlo_la_2-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johano Paŭlo la 2-a">Johano Paŭlo la 2-a</a> nome de ĉiuj homoj, pardonpetis al judoj per insertado de preĝo ĉe la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muro_de_lamentadoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muro de lamentadoj">Muro de lamentadoj</a>.</p> <p>La Eklezio apogis diversajn totalismajn reĝimojn en tiu epoko, ne nur en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italio">Italio</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispanio">Hispanio</a>, sed ankaŭ en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugalio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugalio">Portugalio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latinameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latinameriko">Latinameriko</a> kaj aliaj en Centra Eŭropo: la reĝimo de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usta%C5%9Da?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ustaŝa">ustaŝoj</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kroatio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kroatio">Kroatio</a> ricevis apogon de la katolikaj episkopoj, kaj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovaka_%C5%9Dtato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovaka ŝtato">slovakan ŝtaton</a> gvidis pastro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jozef_Tiso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jozef Tiso">Jozef Tiso</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang%3Deo%26wpDestFile%3DMao_proclaiming_the_establishment_of_the_PRC_in_1949.jpg" class="new" title="Dosiero:Mao proclaiming the establishment of the PRC in 1949.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="180">Dosiero:Mao proclaiming the establishment of the PRC in 1949.jpg</span></a> <figcaption> Proklamado de la Popola Ĉina Respubliko (01/10/1949). </figcaption> </figure> <p>Postmilitaj komunistaj registaroj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orienta_E%C5%ADropo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orienta Eŭropo">Orienta Eŭropo</a> grave restriktis religiajn rajtojn<sup id="cite_ref-communist_119-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-communist-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Eĉ se kelkaj klerikoj kunlaboris kun la komunistaj reĝimoj<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, multaj estis enkarcerigitaj, deportitaj aŭ ekzekutitaj kaj la rezisto de la eklezio kaj la gvidado de Johano Paŭlo la 2-a akceligis la falon de komunistaj registaroj en tuta Eŭropo en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1991?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1991">1991</a><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La pliiĝo de la potenco de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88ina_Revolucio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ĉina Revolucio">komunistoj en Ĉinio</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1949?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1949">1949</a> kondukis al la forpelo de ĉiuj eksterlandaj misiistoj<sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter357_122-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter357-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La nova registaro ankaŭ kreis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88ina_Katolika_Patriota_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉina Katolika Patriota Eklezio">Patriotan Ĉinan Eklezion</a> kies unupartie elektitaj episkopoj estis malakceptitaj de Romo<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> antaŭ multaj el ili estis forpelitaj. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kultura_Revolucio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kultura Revolucio">Kultura Revolucio</a> de la 1960-aj jaroj kondukis al la fino de ĉiuj religiaj establadoj. Kiam ĉinaj preĝejoj poste remalfermiĝis ili restis sub la kontrolo de la Patriota Eklezio. Multaj katolikaj pastroj daŭre estis senditaj al malliberejoj pro rifuzado rezigni pro fideleco al Romo<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Nuntempa_epoko">Nuntempa epoko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Nuntempa epoko" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Konzilseroeffnung_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Konzilseroeffnung_2.jpg/200px-Konzilseroeffnung_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1662"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Konzilseroeffnung_2.jpg/200px-Konzilseroeffnung_2.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Konzilseroeffnung_2.jpg/300px-Konzilseroeffnung_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Konzilseroeffnung_2.jpg/400px-Konzilseroeffnung_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> La unua sesio de la Dua Vatikana Koncilio ekiĝis per la solena inaŭguro en la Baziliko Sankta Petro la 11-an de oktobro 1962. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La ŝanĝoj okazigitaj en la socio en la dua duono de la 20-a jarcento kondukis multajn katolikojn al strebo por modernigado de la katolika doktrino kaj agadmaniero. Kunvokite de nova papo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johano_la_23-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johano la 23-a">Johano la 23-a</a>, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dua_Vatikana_Koncilio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dua Vatikana Koncilio">Dua Vatikana Koncilio</a> komenciĝis en 1962, kaj estis priskribita de la organizantoj kiel "malfermo de la fenestroj"<sup id="cite_ref-Duffy272_125-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy272-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ĝi kondukis al ŝanĝoj en la liturgio ene de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latina_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Latina Eklezio">Latina Eklezio</a>, fokuso de ĝia misio kaj redifino de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ekumenismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ekumenismo">ekumenismo</a>, precipe dialogo kun la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ortodoksa_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortodoksa Eklezio">Bizanca Ortodoksa Eklezio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestantoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantoj">Protestantoj</a><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orientaj_ortodoksaj_eklezioj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orientaj ortodoksaj eklezioj">Orientaj ortodoksaj eklezioj</a>, sed ankaŭ kun aliaj nekristanaj religioj.</p> <p>Ricevado de la koncilio formis la bazon de plurfacetaj internaj pozicioj ene de la eklezio ekde tiam. La tiel nomita <i>Spirito de Vatikano la 2a</i> sekvis la koncilion, influita de eksponentoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_Teologio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova Teologio">Nova Teologio</a> kiel ekzemple <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josef_H%C3%B6fer?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Josef Höfer">Josef Höfer</a>. Kelkaj liberalaj disidentoj, kiel ekzemple <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hans_K%C3%BCng?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hans Küng">Hans Küng</a>, asertis, ke la Koncilio ne iris sufiĉe longe<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aliflanke, tradiciemaj katolikoj, reprezentitaj de figuroj, kiel ekzemple <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Marcel Lefebvre</a>, forte kritikis la koncilion argumentante, ke ĝi malpurigis la sanktecon de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latina_meso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latina meso">latina meso</a>, antaŭenigante religian indiferentismon rekte al "malveraj religioj" kaj kompromisitajn ortodoksajn katolikajn dogmon kaj tradicion. Grupo poziciigita favore al ĝi, reprezentita de teologoj ĉirkaŭ la revuo <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Communio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Communio">Communio</a></i> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benedikto_la_16-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benedikto la 16-a">Benedikto la 16-a</a>, diras, ke la koncilio estis pozitiva sed ekzistis misoj en la interpreto.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg/180px-BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="1654"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 240px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg/180px-BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="240" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg/270px-BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg/360px-BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benedikto_la_16-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benedikto la 16-a">Benedikto la 16-a</a>, papo de la romkatolika eklezio inter 2005 kaj 2013. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Malkontento pri la tradicia apogo de la Eklezio al la povuloj, ĉefe en latinamerikaj kaj sudeŭropaj landoj, kondukis iujn pastrojn kaj teologojn al alproksimiĝo al socireformaj movadoj, kio kondukis al la kreado de la t.n. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teologio_de_la_Liberigo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Teologio de la Liberigo">Teologio de la Liberigo</a>. Tiu polemiko kreis dividojn ene de la katolikaro mem, tiel ke kampanjoj por la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homaj_rajtoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homaj rajtoj">homaj rajtoj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socia_justeco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Socia justeco">socia justeco</a> okazigis la martiriĝon al katolikoj dum ĉi tiu periodo, rimarkinde en Latinameriko, kie la ĉefespiskopo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oscar_Romero?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar Romero">Oscar Romero</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salvadoro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salvadoro">Salvadoro</a> estis mortpafita suraltare marte 1980, kaj ses jezuitoj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centramerika_Universitato_Jos%C3%A9_Sime%C3%B3n_Ca%C3%B1as?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centramerika Universitato José Simeón Cañas">Centramerika Universitato José Simeón Cañas</a> estis murditaj en 1989, pri kio kulpis diktatorecaj reĝimoj apogataj de aliaj partoj de la katolika hierarkio<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La katolika monaĥino <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrino_Teresa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrino Teresa">Patrino Teresa</a> ricevis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nobel-premio_pri_paco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nobel-premio pri paco">Nobel-premion pri paco</a> en 1979 pro sia humana laborado inter la malriĉuloj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barato">Barato</a><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Episkopo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo</a> ricevis la saman premion en 1996 for "laborado por justa kaj paca solvo en la konflikto de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orienta_Timoro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orienta Timoro">Orienta Timoro</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La eklezio konstante daŭre konfirmis siajn proprajn moralajn poziciojn, kontraŭ tiuj disvastigitaj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seksa_revolucio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seksa revolucio">seksa revolucio</a> kaj morala relativismo, aparte ĝenerala en okcidenta socio ekde la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1960-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1960-aj jaroj">1960-aj jaroj</a>. Diversaj instruoj de la papoj, kiel ekzemple la cirkuleroj <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humanae_vitae?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humanae vitae">Humanae vitae</a></i> kaj <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evangelium_Vitae?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evangelium Vitae">Evangelium Vitae</a></i>, kontraŭbatalis koncipopreventon kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aborto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aborto">aborton</a> respektive<sup id="cite_ref-humanae_131-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-humanae-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, priskribante ilin kiel parton de "kulturo de morto"<sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter493_132-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter493-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La opinioj pri <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sekso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sekso">sekso</a> de la eklezio estis forte kritikitaj de aliaj, interalie pro la opono al la uzado de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kondomo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kondomo">kondomoj</a> eĉ por la preventado de seksaj malsanoj. Krome, tiu moralo estis en la centro de polemiko ekde la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1980-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1980-aj jaroj">1980-aj jaroj</a>, pro la skandalo de la seksa mistraktado de infanoj fare de katolika pastraro en Usono, Aŭstralio, Irlando kaj aliaj landoj.</p> <p>La publika apero de la Eklezio kreskis post la enoficigo de poldevena papo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johano_Pa%C5%ADlo_la_2-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johano Paŭlo la 2-a">Johano Paŭlo la 2-a</a>, kiu sin engaĝis en la politika kaj socia aktivado, kaj unuigis la internajn fortojn, kritikante la aperon de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teologio_de_la_Liberigo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Teologio de la Liberigo">Teologio de la Liberigo</a> inter pastraro en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudameriko">Sudameriko</a>, kaj asertante, ke la eklezio devus estis ĉampiono por la senhavuloj neligitaj al radikalismo kaj perforto. Li krome pliigis la kanonizon de abundo de sanktuloj kaj faris el la konservativa movado <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opus_Dei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></i> sian personan prelaturon. La papo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisko_(papo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisko (papo)">Francisko</a> ekde 2013 regas kiel la reprezentanto de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Se%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sankta Seĝo">Sankta Seĝo</a> kaj havas konstantan observan statuson ĉe la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unui%C4%9Dintaj_Nacioj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unuiĝintaj Nacioj">Unuiĝintaj Nacioj</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Katolika_kredo">Katolika kredo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Katolika kredo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:God2-Sistine_Chapel.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/God2-Sistine_Chapel.png/350px-God2-Sistine_Chapel.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3141" data-file-height="1463"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 163px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/God2-Sistine_Chapel.png/350px-God2-Sistine_Chapel.png" data-width="350" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/God2-Sistine_Chapel.png/525px-God2-Sistine_Chapel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/God2-Sistine_Chapel.png/700px-God2-Sistine_Chapel.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Dio patro kreas Adamon; Siksta Kapelo, Vatikano. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La Romkatolika Eklezio instruas, ke ekzistas nur unu eterna <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dio">Dio</a>, kiu estas samtempe tri person(ec)oj en unu sola estaĵo: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dio_Patro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dio Patro">Dio Patro</a>, Dio la Filo (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jesuo_Kristo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jesuo Kristo">Jesuo Kristo</a>) kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dio">Dio</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Spirito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sankta Spirito">Sankta Spirito</a>, konata kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triunuo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Triunuo">Triunuo</a><sup id="cite_ref-Schreck131_133-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schreck131-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Katolika kredaro estas resumita en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Kredo_Nicea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="La Kredo Nicea">La Kredo Nicea</a> kaj detaligita en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katekismo_de_la_Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katekismo de la Katolika Eklezio">Katekismo de la Katolika Eklezio</a><sup id="cite_ref-cat_134-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cat-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Katolika kredo, diras ke la eklezio "... estas la daŭra ĉeesto de Jesuo sur la tero". Por katolikoj, la termino "eklezio" rilatas al la homoj kiuj komunias en Kristo kaj kiuj nutritaj de la Korpo de Kristo, iĝas la Korpo de Kristo mem<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La eklezio instruas, ke la pleno de la "rimedoj de saviĝo" ekzistas nur en la Romkatolika Eklezio, sed agnoskas, ke la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Spirito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sankta Spirito">Sankta Spirito</a> povas uzi kristanajn komunumojn apartigitajn de ĝi mem por alporti homojn al saviĝo. Ĝi instruas, ke kiu ajn estas savita estas nerekte tra la eklezio, se la persono havas nescion pri ĝi kaj ties instruojn, kiu sekvas la moralon kiujn Dio diktis en sia koro kaj tial, aliĝus al la eklezio se li-ŝi komprenus la neceson. Ĝi instruas, ke katolikoj estas vokitaj de la Sankta Spirito por labori por unueco inter ĉiuj kristanoj.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Gvidado_de_la_Sankta_Spirito">Gvidado de la Sankta Spirito</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Gvidado de la Sankta Spirito" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Holy_Spirit_as_Dove_(detail).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Holy_Spirit_as_Dove_%28detail%29.jpg/200px-Holy_Spirit_as_Dove_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="208" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="276"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 208px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Holy_Spirit_as_Dove_%28detail%29.jpg/200px-Holy_Spirit_as_Dove_%28detail%29.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="208" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Holy_Spirit_as_Dove_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Alegorio de la Sankta Spirito en la Baziliko Sankta Petro, Vatikano. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Surbaze de la promesoj de Kristo en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evangelio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evangelio">Evangelioj</a>, la eklezio, kredas ke ĝi estas daŭre gvidita de la Sankta Spirito kaj tiel protektita neeraripove de falado en doktrina eraro. La Romkatolika Eklezio instruas, ke la Sankta Spirito rivelas la veron de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dio">Dio</a> tra la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biblio">Sanktaj Skriboj</a>, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Tradicio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sankta Tradicio">Sankta Tradicio</a> kaj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magisterio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Magisterio">Magisterio</a>. La katolika <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biblio">Biblio</a> konsistas el la 73 libroj. Tio konsistas el la 46 libroj trovitaj en la malnovgreka versio de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malnova_Testamento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malnova Testamento">Malnova Testamento</a>, konata kiel la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Septuaginto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Septuaginto">Septuaginto</a> kaj la 27 skribaĵoj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_Testamento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova Testamento">Nova Testamento</a> unue trovitaj en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vatikana_Kodekso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatikana Kodekso">Vatikana Kodekso</a> 1209 kaj enlistigitaj en la Orienta letero de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atanazio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atanazio">Atanazio</a>. La Sankta Tradicio konsistas el tiuj instruoj<sup id="cite_ref-Schreck16_137-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schreck16-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> de la eklezio ekzistintaj ekde la tempo de la apostoloj<sup id="cite_ref-Schreck21_138-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schreck21-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schreck23_139-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schreck23-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La Biblio kaj la Tradicio estas kolektive konataj kiel la "deponaĵo de kredo" (<i>depositum fidei</i>). Tiuj estas interpretitaj per la Magisterio (de <i>magister</i>, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Latina">latina</a> vorto por "instruisto"), la instrua aŭtoritato de la eklezio, kiu estas plenumita de la papo kaj la kolegio de episkopoj en unio kun la papo<sup id="cite_ref-Schreck30_140-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schreck30-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sakramentoj">Sakramentoj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Sakramentoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Child_baptism.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Child_baptism.jpg/220px-Child_baptism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Child_baptism.jpg/220px-Child_baptism.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Child_baptism.jpg/330px-Child_baptism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Child_baptism.jpg/440px-Child_baptism.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Bapto de bebo. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Laŭ la Koncilio de Trento, Kristo starigis sep <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sakramento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sakramento">sakramentojn</a> kaj konfidis ilin al la eklezio<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tiuj estas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bapto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bapto">Bapto</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konfirmacio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konfirmacio">Konfirmacio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komunio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komunio">Komunio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konfeso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konfeso">Konfeso</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unkto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unkto">Unkto</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordino">Ordino</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nupto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nupto">Nupto</a>. Sakramentoj estas grave videblaj ritoj kiujn katolikoj vidas kiel signoj de la ĉeesto de Dio kaj efikaj kanaloj de la graco de Dio al ĉiuj kiuj ricevas ilin kun la emo engraciĝi. Kun la escepto de bapto, la sakramentoj estas administritaj de preskribitaj membroj de la katolika pastraro. Bapto estas la nura sakramento kiu povas esti administrita en krizo fare de iu katoliko, aŭ eĉ nekristano kiu "havas la intencon de baptado laŭ la kredo de la Romkatolika Eklezio"<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Katolikoj kredas, ke Kristo estas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesio">Mesio</a> de la profetaĵoj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malnova_Testamento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malnova Testamento">Malnova Testamento</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kreeft71_143-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kreeft71-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En okazaĵo konata kiel la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enkarni%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enkarniĝo">Enkarniĝo</a>, la eklezio instruas, ke, tra la potenco de la Sankta Spirito, Dio iĝis unueca kun homnaturo kiam Kristo estis koncipita en la utero de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virgulino_Maria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgulino Maria">Virgulino Maria</a>. Kristo estas plene dia kaj plene homa laŭ katolikismo. Estas instruite, ke la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Misio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Misio">misio</a> de Kristo sur la tero inkludis donadon de instruoj al homoj kaj disponigi lian ekzemplon por sekvi lin, kiel registrite en la kvar Evangelioj.<sup id="cite_ref-McGrath_144-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-McGrath-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg/200px-Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="244" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4086" data-file-height="4977"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 244px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg/200px-Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="244" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg/300px-Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg/400px-Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Resurekto_de_Jesuo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Resurekto de Jesuo">resurekto de Jesuo</a> Kristo (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rafaelo_Sanzio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafaelo Sanzio">Rafaelo Sanzio</a>). </figcaption> </figure> <p>Fali en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Peko">peko</a> estas konsiderita kiel kontraŭa al la instruoj de Jesuo, malfortigante la similecon de la persono al Dio kaj malakceptante lian amon. Pekoj varias de la malpli gravaj pardoneblaj pekoj ĝis pli gravaj mortaj pekoj kiuj finigas la rilaton de persono kun Dio. Ankaŭ la eklezio instruas, ke tra la pasiono de Kristo kaj lia krucumo, ĉiuj homoj havas eblon por pardono kaj liberigo de peko, kaj tio povas esti akordigata al Dio. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Resurekto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurekto">Resurekto</a> de Jesuo, laŭ katolika kredo, akiris por homoj eblan spiritan senmortecon antaŭe neita al oni pro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prapeko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prapeko">prapeko</a>. Per akordigado kun Dio kaj sekvado de la vortoj de Kristo kaj agoj, la eklezio kredas, ke oni povas eniri la Regnon de Dio, kio estas la "... regado de Dio ĉe la koro kaj vivo de la homoj".</p> <p><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kristo">Kristo</a> rakontis al siaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostolo">apostoloj</a>, ke post lia <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morto">morto</a> kaj resurekto li sendus al ili la "konsolanton", la "Sanktan Spiriton", kiu "... instruos al vi ĉiujn aĵojn ". Katolikoj kredas, ke ili ricevas la Sanktan Spiriton tra la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sakramento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sakramento">sakramento</a> de la Konfirmacio kaj ke la graco ricevita dum la bapto estas fortigita, konvene se ĝisosta, ĉar katolikoj devas esti en stato de graco, kio signifas, ke ili ne povas konscie ne konfesi mortan pekon. Ili ankaŭ verŝajne prepariĝas spirite por la sakramento, elektis sponsoron por spirita subteno, kaj selektis sanktulon por esti la speciala patrono kaj peranto. En la Orienta Katolika Eklezio, bapto, inkluzive de bebo-bapto, estas tuj sekvita de Konfirmacio kaj la ricevado de la Komunio.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Postmorta_vivo">Postmorta vivo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Postmorta vivo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Folio_34r_-_The_Last_Judgement.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Folio_34r_-_The_Last_Judgement.jpg/180px-Folio_34r_-_The_Last_Judgement.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="281" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="632"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 281px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Folio_34r_-_The_Last_Judgement.jpg/180px-Folio_34r_-_The_Last_Judgement.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="281" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Folio_34r_-_The_Last_Judgement.jpg/270px-Folio_34r_-_The_Last_Judgement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Folio_34r_-_The_Last_Judgement.jpg/360px-Folio_34r_-_The_Last_Judgement.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lasta_ju%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lasta juĝo">Lasta juĝo</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Kredo je postmorta vivo estas parto de katolika <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doktrino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doktrino">doktrino</a>, la "kvar lastaj aĵoj" <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morto">morto</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ju%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Juĝo">juĝo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88ielo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉielo">ĉielo</a>, kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Infero?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Infero">infero</a><sup id="cite_ref-Schreck397_145-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schreck397-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La Eklezio instruas, ke, tuj post morto, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Animo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Animo">animo</a> de ĉiu persono ricevos specialan juĝon de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dio">Dio</a>, bazita en la faroj de la tera vivo de tiu individuo<sup id="cite_ref-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church_51_146-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church_51-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tiu instruado ankaŭ atestas alian tagon kiam <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kristo">Kristo</a> estos en universala juĝo de ĉiu homo<sup id="cite_ref-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church_50_147-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church_50-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tiu fina juĝo, laŭ eklezia instruado, alportos finon al homa historio kaj markos la komencon de nova kaj plibonigos rifuĝejon kaj teron regitan de Dio per <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Justeco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Justeco">justeco</a><sup id="cite_ref-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church_54_148-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church_54-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La bazo, sur kiu la animo de ĉiu persono estos taksita, estas detaligita en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evangelio_la%C5%AD_Mateo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evangelio laŭ Mateo">Evangelio laŭ Mateo</a>, kiu enlistigas kompatfarojn eĉ al homoj konsideritaj "la malplejuloj"<sup id="cite_ref-Matthew25_149-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Matthew25-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schreck397_145-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schreck397-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Emfazo estas sur la vortoj de Kristo "Ne ĉiu kiu diros "<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sinjoro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sinjoro">Sinjoro</a>, Sinjoro" heredos la regnon de ĉielo, sed tiu kiu faras la volon de mia <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patro">Patro</a> kiu estas en ĉielo".</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Virgulino_Maria">Virgulino Maria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Virgulino Maria" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Mary16thC.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mary16thC.jpg/200px-Mary16thC.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 255px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mary16thC.jpg/200px-Mary16thC.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="255" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mary16thC.jpg/300px-Mary16thC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Mary16thC.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Maria de Nazareto, la patrino de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jesuo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuo">Jesuo</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Preĝoj kaj fervoraĵoj al Maria apartenas al la katolika pietato, sed malsamaj al la dia adorado. La Eklezio kredas je Maria kiel eterna <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virgulino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Virgulino">Virgulino</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dipatrino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dipatrino">Dipatrino</a><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La katolika kredo pri Maria estas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Senmakula_koncipi%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Senmakula koncipiĝo">Senmakula koncipiĝo</a>, sen la makulo de la prapeko kaj la korpa ĉieleniro post la fino de ŝia vivo en la tero, kiuj estis difinitaj kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dogmo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dogmo">dogmo</a> fare de la papo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pio_la_9-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pio la 9-a">Pio la 9-a</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1854?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1854">1854</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pio_la_12-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pio la 12-a">Pio la 12-a</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950">1950</a>, respektive.</p> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romkatolika_Mariologio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romkatolika Mariologio">Romkatolika Mariologio</a> ne nur temas pri la vivo de la patrino de Jesuo sed ankaŭ pri ŝia kultado en la ĉiutago, la maria preĝo kaj arto, la muziko kaj arkitekturo. Pluraj liturgiaj mariaj festoj okazas dum la tuta jaro kaj ŝi estas honorigata per multaj titoloj kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Re%C4%9Dino_de_la_%C4%88ielo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Reĝino de la Ĉielo">Reĝino de la Ĉielo</a>. La papo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C5%ADlo_la_6-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paŭlo la 6-a">Paŭlo la 6-a</a> nomis ŝin <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrino_de_la_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrino de la Eklezio">Patrino de la Eklezio</a>, ĉar naskinte Jesuon, ŝi estas konsiderata kiel spirita patrino de ĉiu membro de la Korpo de Kristo. Pro ŝia grava rolo en la vivo de Jesuo, preĝoj kaj piaĵoj tiurilate kiel la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rozario?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rozario">Rozario</a>, <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ave_Maria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ave Maria">Ave Maria</a></i>, <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salve_Regina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salve Regina">Salve Regina</a></i> kaj <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Memorare?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Memorare">Memorare</a></i> estas oftaj katolikaj praktikoj<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La Eklezio asertis la kredindecon de kelkaj mariaj aperoj, kiel la apero en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lourdes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lourdes">Lourdes</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A1tima?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fátima">Fátima</a>, Guadalupe<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj aliaj. La pilgrimado al ĉi tiuj lokoj estas tre popularaj<sup id="cite_ref-Barry,_p._106_153-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barry,_p._106-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_eklezia_rolo">La eklezia rolo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: La eklezia rolo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:D%C3%BCrer-Petrus.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/D%C3%BCrer-Petrus.jpg/150px-D%C3%BCrer-Petrus.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="236" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="314"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 236px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/D%C3%BCrer-Petrus.jpg/150px-D%C3%BCrer-Petrus.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="236" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/D%C3%BCrer-Petrus.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Petro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankta Petro">Sankta Petro</a>, posteulo de Kristo. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Jesuo elektis dek du precipajn disĉiplojn, aŭ apostolojn, kiujn Li respondecigis pri sia eklezio. Malsame ol multaj protestantoj, katolikoj rigardas la videblan eklezion kiel diodestiniton, protektatan de Dio. La eklezio estas, laŭ la Skriboj, "la korpo de Kristo" kaj estas unu unuiĝinta korpo de kredantoj kaj en ĉielo kaj en tero. Tial, estas nur unu vera eklezio, ne pluraj. Sur la tero, la gvidado de la eklezio estis donata al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Petro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankta Petro">Sankta Petro</a>, kaj al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Episkopo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Episkopo">episkopoj</a> sekvantaj lin, kiuj nomiĝas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papo">papoj</a>. Katolikoj kredas, ke Jesuo promesis, ke la eklezio en tero ĉiam estos restigata en vero kaj gvidata de la Sankta Spirito. Alivorte, la eklezio ĉiam kaj senerare instruos veran doktrinon. Tiu vero enhaviĝas kaj en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biblio">skribaĵoj</a> kaj en la tradicioj konservitaj en la eklezio. Por eniri la eklezion oni devas kredi je Jesuo Kristo, akcepti Liajn instruaĵojn kaj ricevi la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sakramento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sakramento">sakramenton</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bapto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bapto">bapto</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Savo">Savo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Savo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Folio_113v_-_Purgatory.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Folio_113v_-_Purgatory.jpg/200px-Folio_113v_-_Purgatory.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="278" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1590" data-file-height="2212"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 278px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Folio_113v_-_Purgatory.jpg/200px-Folio_113v_-_Purgatory.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="278" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Folio_113v_-_Purgatory.jpg/300px-Folio_113v_-_Purgatory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Folio_113v_-_Purgatory.jpg/400px-Folio_113v_-_Purgatory.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Arta reprezentado de la Purgatorio. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La eklezio instruas, ke savo al vivo eterna estas la volo de Dio por ĉiuj homoj. Savo okazas esence per graco – alivorte estas donaĵo senkosta de Dio, donata al pekintoj per la ofero de Kristo. Tamen, malsame ol <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kalvinismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kalvinismo">kalvinistoj</a>, katolikoj kredas, ke devas esti respondo libera kaj homa al la dia graco, kiun la individuo povas akcepti aŭ malakcepti. Post la akcepto de la graco, bapto tiam donas renovigon, pardonon de pekoj kaj adopton en la eklezion, la familion de Dio. Post bapto la katolika kristano devas peni esti disĉiplo vera de Jesuo<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kredanto devas serĉi pardonon por siaj pekoj kaj peni agi laŭ la ekzemplo de Jesuo<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Por helpi kristanojn Jesuo provizis sep <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sakramento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sakramento">sakramentojn</a>, doniloj de Dia graco al kredantoj.</p> <p>Katolikoj kredas, ke Dio agas aktive en la mondo. Kristanoj povas gracpliiĝi per preĝo, bonfaroj kaj tiuj spiritaj disciplinoj, kiuj abstino kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pilgrimado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pilgrimado">pilgrimo</a>. Preĝo havas la formojn de laŭdo, danko kaj peto<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tiuj, kiuj jam estas en ĉielo, la Virgulino Maria kaj la Sanktuloj, povas esti petataj partopreni en la preĝo de iu kristano kaj preĝi por tiuj en tero<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kiel la patrino de Jesuo, la Virgulino Maria estas konsiderata ankaŭ la patrino spirita de ĉiuj kristanoj. Kristano, kiu mortas en stato de graco, konfesinta kaj pentinta pekon mortigan, heredos vivon eternan. Tamen, multaj eble devos suferi staton de dumtempa purigado antaŭ eniri ĉielon. Tiu stato nomiĝas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Purgatorio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Purgatorio">Purgatorio</a><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Instruoj katolikaj emfazas pardonon, bonfaron al aliuloj kaj sanktecon de vivo, kontraŭante <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E%C5%ADtanazio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eŭtanazio">eŭtanazion</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E%C5%ADgeniko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eŭgeniko">eŭgenikon</a> kaj abortigon, ĉiuj el kiuj povas detrui die kreitan vivon.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Sanktuloj">Sanktuloj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Sanktuloj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanktuloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanktuloj">Sanktuloj</a> estas kristanoj nun en la ĉielo, kiuj povas aŭdi la preĝojn de la fideluloj kaj preĝi por ili. Katolikoj preĝas al sanktuloj, ne kiel dioj sed kiel gefratoj, kiuj estas gracodonitaj de Dio. Inter la sanktuloj, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Maria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankta Maria">Sankta Maria</a>, la patrino de Jesuo, klare estas la plej grava kaj populara. Temas pri la supozita peranto de la veno de dio Jesuo al la tera mondo: sen ŝia interveno (naski Jesuon) la tuta <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teologio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teologio">teologio</a> de kristanismo estus tute senbaza kaj estus neniu diferenco inter judismo kaj kristanismo. En diversaj partikularaj lokoj la venerado de sanktuloj (inklude <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dipatrino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dipatrino">Dipatrinon</a>) estas tiom grava ke foje preskaŭ anstataŭas la adoradon al Dio mem, per socia konduto kiu estas pli proksima al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Folkloro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Folkloro">folkloro</a> ol al la vera kredo. Al tiu misadorado kontribuas la aferoj de patroneco de urboj, profesioj kaj aliaj entoj, kiel nomigo de preĝejoj, monaĥejoj, universitatoj ktp., atribuitaj al la diversaj sanktuloj, virgulinoj ktp.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Organizo_kaj_demografio">Organizo kaj demografio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Organizo kaj demografio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Hierarkio,_personaro_kaj_institucioj"><span id="Hierarkio.2C_personaro_kaj_institucioj"></span>Hierarkio, personaro kaj institucioj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Hierarkio, personaro kaj institucioj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Perugino_Keys.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Perugino_Keys.jpg/300px-Perugino_Keys.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1249" data-file-height="751"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Perugino_Keys.jpg/300px-Perugino_Keys.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Perugino_Keys.jpg/450px-Perugino_Keys.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Perugino_Keys.jpg/600px-Perugino_Keys.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Pietro Perugino: Kristo liveras al Petro la ŝlosilojn de la regno de la ĉieloj (Fresko de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siksta_Kapelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siksta Kapelo">Siksta Kapelo</a>, 1480-1482). </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hierarkio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hierarkio">hierarkio</a> de la eklezio estas gvidata de la papo kiu posedas la titolojn inkluzive de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papo">Episkopo de Romo</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kreeft109_159-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kreeft109-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, posteulo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Petro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankta Petro">Sankta Petro</a>, Princo de la apostoloj, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikario_de_Kristo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikario de Kristo">Vikario de Kristo</a> kaj Supera <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papo">Papo</a> de la Universala Eklezio<sup id="cite_ref-bunson_160-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bunson-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La papo estas elektita teorie por la tuta vivo fare de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolegio_de_Episkopoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolegio de Episkopoj">Kolegio de Episkopoj</a> kaj devas esti levita al la pozicio de episkopo antaŭ ekoficigo. En la eklezio, la papo havas jurisdikcian superecon en aferoj de kredo, moralo, disciplino kaj eklezia administrado kaj estas la ŝtatestro de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vatikanurbo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatikanurbo">Vatikanurbo</a><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La granda plimulto de la membraro de la katolika eklezio apartenas al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latina_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Latina Eklezio">latina aŭ okcidenta eklezio</a>, sed ekzistas ankaŭ egalrajte <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orientaj_katolikaj_eklezioj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orientaj katolikaj eklezioj">orientaj katolikaj eklezioj</a>. La latina havas sian propran juron (kodigita kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Codex_Iuris_Canonici?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Codex Iuris Canonici">Kodo de Kanona Juro</a>), kaj la 23 orientaj havas siajn proprajn ekleziajn jurojn, kies komunaĵoj estas kunkodigitaj en la Kodo de Kanonoj de la Orientaj Eklezioj (<i>Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium</i>). En iuj orientaj katolikaj eklezioj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epar%C4%A5io?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eparĥio">eparĥiojn</a> kondukas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patriarko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patriarko">patriarko</a>, en aliaj grandĉefepiskopo, en aliaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metropolito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metropolito">metropolito</a>, dum ankoraŭ en aliaj ne ekzistas superulo al la eparĥiaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Episkopo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Episkopo">episkopoj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Viroj povas iĝi preskribitaj por pastriĝo kaj funkcii kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diakono?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diakono">diakonoj</a>, pastroj aŭ kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Episkopo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Episkopo">episkopoj</a> tra la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sakramento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sakramento">sakramento</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordino">Ordino</a>, kiu estas transigita de unu aŭ pli da episkopoj per la surmetado de manoj<sup id="cite_ref-McDonough227_163-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-McDonough227-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kardinalo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kardinalo">Kardinaloj</a> estas kutime episkopoj kaj servas kiel papaj konsilistoj. Diakonoj kaj ĉiu alia pastro povas prediki, instrui, bapti, geedzigi kaj fari funebran liturgiojn. La sakramentoj de la Komunio, Konfeso kaj Unkto povas esti administritaj nur de pastroj aŭ episkopoj. Ĉiu pastro kiu estas episkopo nomo de la Kolegio de Episkopoj<sup id="cite_ref-duffy415_164-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-duffy415-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-duffy416_165-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-duffy416-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj estas komune konsideritaj la posteuloj de la apostoloj. Nur episkopoj povas administri la sakramenton de Ordino.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Jan_Babjak_SJ.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Jan_Babjak_SJ.jpg/200px-Jan_Babjak_SJ.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="1152"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 267px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Jan_Babjak_SJ.jpg/200px-Jan_Babjak_SJ.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="267" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Jan_Babjak_SJ.jpg/300px-Jan_Babjak_SJ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Jan_Babjak_SJ.jpg/400px-Jan_Babjak_SJ.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Episkopo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Episkopo">Episkopo</a> celebras la diservon en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovaka_grek-katolika_eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovaka grek-katolika eklezio">Slovaka grek-katolika eklezio</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pre%C5%A1ov?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prešov">Prešov</a>, orienta <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovakio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovakio">Slovakio</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La eklezio instruas, ke ĉar la dek du apostoloj elektitaj de Jesuo<sup id="cite_ref-sees_166-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-sees-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> estis virseksaj, nur viroj povas esti elektitaj kiel pastroj. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johano_Pa%C5%ADlo_la_2-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johano Paŭlo la 2-a">Johano Paŭlo la 2-a</a>, en sia apostola letero <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christifideles_Laici?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christifideles Laici">Christifideles Laici</a></i>, asertas, ke virinoj havas specifajn vivokupojn rezervitajn nur por la ina sekso, kaj estas egale vokitaj por esti disĉiploj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jesuo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuo">Jesuo</a>. Edziĝintaj viroj povas iĝi diakonoj, sed nur fraŭlaj viroj ordinare ordiniĝas kiel sacerdotoj en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latina_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Latina Eklezio">Latina Eklezio</a>. Tamen, oni povas escepti de tiu normo edziĝintajn klerikojn ricevitajn en la eklezion el aliaj kristanaj komunumoj.<sup id="cite_ref-OneFaith52_167-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OneFaith52-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iuj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orientaj_katolikaj_eklezioj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orientaj katolikaj eklezioj">Orientaj katolikaj eklezioj</a> ordinas kaj fraŭlajn kaj edziĝintajn virojn al la sacerdoteco, sed edziĝintaj viroj ne povas iĝi episkopoj. Viroj kun nedaŭraj samseksemaj inklinoj povas esti preskribitaj diakonoj sekvante tri jarojn da preĝo kaj ĉasteco, sed samseksemaj viroj kiuj estas sekse aktivaj, aŭ tiuj kiuj profunde enradikigis samseksemajn tendencojn, ne povas esti ordinataj. Laŭ la Vatikano la nombro de pastroj pliiĝis en 2005 de 405 891 al 406 411, kvankam en Eŭropo kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ameriko">Ameriko</a> malpliiĝas de ĉirkaŭ duono de unu procento. En 2007, la nombro de pastroj pliiĝis de 0.18 procentoj al 408 024 kun pliiĝoj de 27.6 procentoj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afriko">Afriko</a> kaj 21.1 procentoj en Azio, malmulte da ŝanĝo en Ameriko kaj malkreskoj de 6.8 procentoj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E%C5%ADropo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eŭropo">Eŭropo</a> kaj 5.5 procentoj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oceanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceanio">Oceanio</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Membreco_kaj_laikularo">Membreco kaj laikularo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Membreco kaj laikularo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La katolika membreco en 2007 estis 1.147 milionoj da homoj<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, pliiĝinte de 1950 (437 milionoj) kaj de 1970 (654 milionoj).<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Katolika loĝantarkresko de 139% retroiris al 117% inter 1950 kaj 2000. Ĝi estas la plej granda kristana eklezio, kaj ampleksas pli ol la duonon de ĉiuj kristanoj, ĉirkaŭ unu sesono de la loĝantaro de la mondo, la plej granda fakorganizita korpo de iu monda religio, kvankam la nombro de praktikantaj katolikoj tutmonde estas ne fidinde konata. Membreco kreskas precipe en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afriko">Afriko</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azio">Azio</a><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La eklezio konsistas el 3% de la loĝantaro en Azio kvankam ekzistas granda proporcio de gemonaĥoj, pastroj kaj parokoj proksimaj al la katolikaj komunumoj. De 1975 al 2000, totala azia loĝantaro kreskis de 61% kun azia katolika loĝantarkresko al 104%.</p> <p>Laikaro konsistas el tiuj katolikoj kiuj ne estas ordinitaj kiel pastroj. Membrecon de la Romkatolika Eklezio oni akiras per la bapto. Katolikoj de la latina eklezio baptitaj kiam infanoj normale ricevas unuafoje la sakramenton de la Eŭkaristio nur kiam ili atingas la raciaĝon. En orientaj katolikaj eklezioj tuj post Bapto venas la konfirmacio kaj la komunio por infanoj aŭ plenkreskaj konvertitoj. Plenkreskuloj kiuj neniam estis baptitaj povas esti allasitaj al Bapto per partoprenado de eduk-programo kiel ekzemple la Rito de Kristana Iniciato de plenkreskuloj. Kristanoj baptitaj ekster la Romkatolika Eklezio estas allasataj per aliaj formad-programoj. Membroj de la eklezio povas ricevi <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anatemo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anatemo">anatemon</a> pro gravaj malobservoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eklezia_juro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eklezia juro">eklezia juro</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Organizoj">Organizoj</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Organizoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_brazila_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolika brazila Eklezio">Katolika brazila Eklezio</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_eklezio_en_Armenio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolika eklezio en Armenio">Katolika eklezio en Armenio</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_eklezio_en_Israelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolika eklezio en Israelo">Katolika eklezio en Israelo</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_eklezio_en_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolika eklezio en Kubo">Katolika eklezio en Kubo</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romkatolikaj_episkopujoj_en_Germanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romkatolikaj episkopujoj en Germanio">Romkatolikaj episkopujoj en Germanio</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Eklezia_Latino">Eklezia Latino</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Eklezia Latino" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8860200">.mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.5em;font-style:italic}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#202122;color:white;border:1px solid #333333}html.skin-theme-clientpref-light .mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#F9F9F9;color:black;border:1px solid #AAAAAA}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#202122;color:white;border:1px solid #333333}}</style> <div class="cxefartikolo" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="57"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/18px-Loupe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/24px-Loupe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span> Pli detalaj informoj troveblas en artikolo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eklezia_Latino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eklezia Latino">Eklezia Latino</a>. </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Missa_tridentina_002.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Missa_tridentina_002.jpg/215px-Missa_tridentina_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="288" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="723"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 215px;height: 288px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Missa_tridentina_002.jpg/215px-Missa_tridentina_002.jpg" data-width="215" data-height="288" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Missa_tridentina_002.jpg/323px-Missa_tridentina_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Missa_tridentina_002.jpg/430px-Missa_tridentina_002.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> La ĉefa sceno de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trenta_meso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trenta meso">Trenta meso</a> dirita en latino. La katolika eklezio ege hegemoniis en la uzado kaj prononcado de Latino dum la lasta jarmilo. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La plej granda organizo kiu retenas Latinon en oficialaj kaj preskaŭ-oficialaj kuntekstoj estas la Katolika Eklezio. La Katolika Eklezio diris, ke la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Meso">meso</a> ne nepre devas esti dirita en Latino en la koncilio de 1962-1965. Latino restas la lingvo de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_rito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma rito">Roma rito</a>; la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trenta_meso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trenta meso">Trenta meso</a> estas dirita en Latino. Kvankam la meso de papo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C5%ADlo_la_6-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paŭlo la 6-a">Paŭlo la 6-a</a> estas kutime dirita en la loka lingvo, ĝi povas esti kaj ofte estas dirita en Latino, ĉu parte ĉu tute, speciale por multlingva publiko. Ĝi estas la oficiala lingvo de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostola_Se%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostola Seĝo">Sankta Seĝo</a>, la ĉefa lingvo de ties oficiala <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gazeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gazeto">gazeto</a>, nome <span class="lang-la" lang="la"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></span>, kaj la laborlingvo de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tribunalo_de_la_Roma_Rota?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tribunalo de la Roma Rota">Tribunalo de la Roma Rota</a>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vatikanurbo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatikanurbo">Vatikanurbo</a> estas hejmo ankaŭ de la nura <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banka%C5%ADtomato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bankaŭtomato">bankaŭtomato</a> kiu donas instrukciojn en Latino.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pontifikaj_Universitatoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pontifikaj Universitatoj">Pontifikaj Universitatoj</a> postgradigaj kursoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanona_juro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanona juro">Kanona juro</a> estas instruitaj en Latino, kaj artikoloj estas verkitaj en la sama lingvo.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Tradicioj_de_adoro">Tradicioj de adoro</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Tradicioj de adoro" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Juan_de_Juanes_003.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Juan_de_Juanes_003.jpg/230px-Juan_de_Juanes_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2544" data-file-height="1605"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 230px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Juan_de_Juanes_003.jpg/230px-Juan_de_Juanes_003.jpg" data-width="230" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Juan_de_Juanes_003.jpg/345px-Juan_de_Juanes_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Juan_de_Juanes_003.jpg/460px-Juan_de_Juanes_003.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> La Lasta Vespermanĝo estas la fokuso de katolika adoro, kaj tial en multaj katolikaj hejmoj de diversaj landoj tiaj pentraĵoj regis la ĉefan salonon. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Malsamaj liturgiaj tradicioj, aŭ ritoj, ekzistas en la universala eklezio, reflektante historian kaj kulturan diversecon prefere ol diferencoj en kredoj<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La plej ofta uzita liturgio estas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_rito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma rito">Roma rito</a> (kiu estas uzata en la plej granda parto de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latina_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Latina Eklezio">Latina Eklezio</a>, sed ne en la Orientaj katolikaj eklezioj nek en tiuj partoj de la Latina Eklezio kie aliaj latinaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liturgio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liturgio">liturgioj</a> estas en uzo). Aktuale, la roma rito ekzistas en du aprobitaj formoj: la ordinara formo (Meso de Paŭlo la 6-a), okazinta plejparte en la popola lingvo kaj la speciala formo en latina lingvo<sup id="cite_ref-Kreeft326-327_173-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kreeft326-327-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En Usono, kelkaj parokoj utiligas varion de la roma rito kiu retenas multajn aspektojn de la anglikanaj liturgioj. En 2009, ankaŭ estis kreitaj ordinado por anglikanoj enmeti komunecon kun la katolika eklezio. Aliaj okcidentaj ritoj (ne-romaj) inkludas la Ambrosian Riton kaj la Mozaraban Riton.</p> <p>La Eŭkaristio estas la centra celo en ĉiu meso kaj en la katolika adorado<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La vortoj de institucio por tiu sakramento estas prenitaj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evangelio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evangelio">Evangelioj</a> kaj leteroj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C5%ADlo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paŭlo">Paŭlo</a>. Katolikoj kredas, ke ĉe ĉiu Meso, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pano">pano</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vino">vino</a> iĝas la vera korpo kaj sango de Kristo. La eklezio instruas, ke Kristo establis novan pakton kun la homaro tra la institucio de la Komunio ĉe la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lasta_Vesperman%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lasta Vespermanĝo">Lasta Vespermanĝo</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kreeft326_175-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kreeft326-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ĉar la eklezio instruas, ke Kristo estas nuna en la Komunio, ekzistas striktaj reguloj ĉirkaŭ ĝia festado kaj ricevo<sup id="cite_ref-Kreeft331_176-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kreeft331-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Katolikoj devas abstini sin de manĝado dum unu horo antaŭ ricevi Komunion. Tiuj kiuj estas konsciaj de estado en stato de morta peko estas malpermesitaj de tiu sakramento se ili ricevis pekliberigon tra la sakramento de Konfeso. Katolikoj ne povas ricevi komunion kun protestantaj eklezioj pro iliaj malsamaj kredoj.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Katolikismo_kaj_Esperanto">Katolikismo kaj Esperanto</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Katolikismo kaj Esperanto" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8860200"> <div class="cxefartikolo" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="57"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/18px-Loupe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/24px-Loupe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span> Pli detalaj informoj troveblas en artikolo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Esperanto-movado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolika Esperanto-movado">Katolika Esperanto-movado</a>. </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Johano_Pa%C5%ADlo_la_2-a_kaj_la_Esperanta_Meslibro_004.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Johano_Pa%C5%ADlo_la_2-a_kaj_la_Esperanta_Meslibro_004.jpg/230px-Johano_Pa%C5%ADlo_la_2-a_kaj_la_Esperanta_Meslibro_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4799" data-file-height="3199"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 230px;height: 153px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Johano_Pa%C5%ADlo_la_2-a_kaj_la_Esperanta_Meslibro_004.jpg/230px-Johano_Pa%C5%ADlo_la_2-a_kaj_la_Esperanta_Meslibro_004.jpg" data-width="230" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Johano_Pa%C5%ADlo_la_2-a_kaj_la_Esperanta_Meslibro_004.jpg/345px-Johano_Pa%C5%ADlo_la_2-a_kaj_la_Esperanta_Meslibro_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Johano_Pa%C5%ADlo_la_2-a_kaj_la_Esperanta_Meslibro_004.jpg/460px-Johano_Pa%C5%ADlo_la_2-a_kaj_la_Esperanta_Meslibro_004.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duilio_Magnani?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duilio Magnani">Duilio Magnani</a> transdonas Esperantan <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lega%C4%B5aro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Legaĵaro">legaĵaron</a> al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papo">papo</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johano_Pa%C5%ADlo_la_2-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johano Paŭlo la 2-a">Johano Paŭlo la 2-a</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1997?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1997">1997</a>). </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:ADORU.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/ADORU.jpg/230px-ADORU.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6601" data-file-height="4755"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 230px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/ADORU.jpg/230px-ADORU.jpg" data-width="230" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/ADORU.jpg/345px-ADORU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/ADORU.jpg/460px-ADORU.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> ADORU, 2001. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La ĉefa <b>esperantista</b> organizo katolika estas <b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IKUE?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="IKUE">IKUE</a></b> (Internacia Katolika Unuiĝo Esperantista), fondita en 1910.</p> <p>Ĝia revuo estas <cite><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espero_Katolika?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espero Katolika">Espero Katolika</a></cite>, la plej malnova daŭre aperanta E-gazeto (ekde 1903). IKUE ankaŭ eldonis oficialan Roman Meslibron en Esperanto. IKUE estas oficiale agnoskita kiel katolika laika organizo.</p> <p>Sendependa de IKUE estas alia surreta diskutrondo por katolikaj esperantistoj: la novaĵgrupo alt.esperanto.katolika.</p> <p>La plej ampleksa el la landaj gazetoj estas <b><cite><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dio_Benu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dio Benu">Dio Benu</a></cite></b> el <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88e%C4%A5io?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉeĥio">Ĉeĥio</a>.</p> <p><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radio_Vatikana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radio Vatikana">Radio Vatikana</a></b> trifoje por semajno elsendas en Esperanto.</p> <p><b>Papo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johano_Pa%C5%ADlo_la_2-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johano Paŭlo la 2-a">Johano Paŭlo la 2-a</a></b> plurfoje alparolis kunvenojn en Esperanto kaj uzis Esperanton, inter multaj aliaj lingvoj, en siaj paskaj kaj kristnaskaj salutparoladoj.</p> <p><b>Ĉefepiskopoj kaj kardinaloj</b>, kiuj estas Esperantistoj: kardinalo d-ro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miloslav_Vlk?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miloslav Vlk">Miloslav Vlk</a> de Prago, kardinalo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dionigi_Tettamanzi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dionigi Tettamanzi">Dionigi Tettamanzi</a> de Milano kaj ĉefepiskopo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Gy%C3%B6rgy_Jakubinyi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miklós György Jakubinyi">Jakubinyi</a> de Transilvanio.</p> <p>En diversaj urboj okazas regule mesoj en Esperanto, precipe en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pollando?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pollando">Pollando</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italio">Italio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanio">Germanio</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Britio">Britio</a>.</p> <p>La paroĥo <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.kkiv.de/html/pfarrei_st_fidelis.html">Sankt Fidelis</a><span title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon {{citon}}." style="background:#ffeaea; color:#444444"></span><sup class="noprint" title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon {{citon}}." style="color:red;">[<i>rompita ligilo</i>]</sup> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villingen-Schwenningen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Villingen-Schwenningen">Villingen-Schwenningen</a>, en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nigra_Arbaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nigra Arbaro">Nigra Arbaro</a> de Germanio, de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1988?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1988">1988</a> ĝis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2003?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2003">2003</a> gvidiĝis fare de la esperantista pastro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernhard_Eichkorn?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernhard Eichkorn">Bernhard Eichkorn</a> kaj tiam havis oficialan esperantlingvan retejon.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Eldonaĵoj"><span id="Eldona.C4.B5oj"></span>Eldonaĵoj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Eldonaĵoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Pre%C4%9Daro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolika Preĝaro">Katolika Preĝaro</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_pre%C4%9Dlibro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolika preĝlibro">Katolika preĝlibro</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Esperanto_kiel_interlingvo_de_la_Eklezio">Esperanto kiel interlingvo de la Eklezio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Esperanto kiel interlingvo de la Eklezio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Ĉefepiskopo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Gy%C3%B6rgy_Jakubinyi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miklós György Jakubinyi">Miklós György Jakubinyi</a> de Rumanio, kies episkopujo (Transilvanio) estas duone rumana kaj duone hungara laŭ lingvo, proponas Esperanton kiel la interlingvon de la Eklezio:</p> <blockquote> <p><i>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latina_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latina lingvo">latina lingvo</a>, kiun mi tre ŝatas, en la katolika eklezio mortis. Mi proponis por internacia uzo Esperanton. Ĉar se oni uzus vivantan lingvon (lingvon de iu nacio), tiam oni surprenus la vivkoncepton kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kulturo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kulturo">kulturon</a> de ties nacio, kaj tiu kaŭzus lingvan imperiismon.</i></p> </blockquote> <p>Li ankaŭ diris:</p> <blockquote> <p><em>Se <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pentekosto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pentekosto">Pentekosto</a> fermis Babelon pere de la nova lingvo de la amo kristana, por ni restas la tasko kuraci la lingvan disigon pere de Esperanto. Esti esperantisto kristana signifas esti ilo por la Sankta Spirito por reunuigi la animojn en la ununura kristana Amo, kiu Dio estas.</em></p> </blockquote> <p>La latina mortis kiel interlingvo en la Eklezio post la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2-a_Koncilio_de_Vatikano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2-a Koncilio de Vatikano">Dua Vatikana Koncilio</a> (1962–65), tial Esperanto estas proponita kiel anstataŭaĵo.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Referencoj">Referencoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Referencoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="reflist references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; padding-right: 6px;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Zenit-1"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Zenit_1-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.zenit.org/rssenglish-29058">Number of Catholics on the Rise</a>. Zenit News Agency (27 de aprilo 2010). Alirita <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2a_de_majo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2a de majo">2a de majo</a> 2010 . Por pli detalaj nombroj de la katolikoj kaj ties pastroj, ilia divido laŭ kontinentoj, kaj por ŝanĝoj inter <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2000?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2000">2000</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2008?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2008">2008</a>, vidu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/25451.php?index%3D25451%26lang%3Dit">Annuario Statistico della Chiesa dell'anno 2008</a>. Gazetara Servo de la Sankta Seĝo (27a de aprilo 2010). Alirita 2a de majo 2010 . (en la itala lingvo)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-O'CollinsPref-2"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-O'CollinsPref_2-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">O'Collins, p. v (antaŭvortoj).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Libreria Editrice Vaticana (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_INDEX.HTM">"Katekismo de la katolika eklezio"</a> Revizitita je 2009-05-01.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Vatikano. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/">Dokumentoj de la II Vatikana Konsilio</a>. Kontrolita je 2009-05-04. Noto: La subskribo de la Papo aperas en la latina versio.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_31121929_divini-illius-magistri_en.html">[1]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xii/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_12081950_humani-generis_en.html">[2]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Respektive <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/speeches/2006/november/documents/hf_ben-xvi_spe_20061123_common-decl_en.html">[3]</a> kaj <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/b16bart1decl.htm">[4]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430072019/http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/b16bart1decl.htm">Arkivigite je</a> 2011-04-30 per la retarkivo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Ekzemplo: La Baltimora Katekismo, oficiala katekismo sankciita de la katolikaj episkopoj de Usono, asertante: "Tio estas kial ni estas nomataj Romaj katolikoj; por montri ke ni estas unuigitaj al la vera posteulo de Sankta Petro" (Demando 118) kaj referencas al la Eklezio kiel la "rom-katolika eklezio" sub Demandoj 114 kaj 131 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.cin.org/users/james/ebooks/master/baltimore/bcreed09.htm">Baltimora Katekismo).</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.cin.org/users/james/ebooks/master/pius/pcreed09.htm">La Katekismo de Sankta Pio la 10-a, La Naŭa Artikolo de la Kredaro, Demando 20, Eldonejo=Cin.org. Alirita en 2010-10-28.</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Kreeft, p. 98, citaĵo "La fundamenta kialo por esti katolikaj SIC la historia fakto-tio kiun la Romkatolika Eklezio estis fondita fare de XXXGud, estis la invento de dio, ne viro... Ĉar la Patro donis aŭtoritaton al Kristo (Jn 5:22; Mt: 28:18-20), Kristo pludonis ĝin al siaj apostoloj (Lk 10:16), kaj ili pludonis ĝin al la posteuloj kiujn ili nomumis kiel episkopoj."</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.bibleview.org/es/Biblia/Ministerio/12Apostoles/">[5]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://es.catholic.net/biblioteca/libro.phtml?consecutivo%3D447%26capitulo%3D5310">[6]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123174442/http://www.rosario.org.mx/liturgia/a_liturgico/pente.htm">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.rosario.org.mx/liturgia/a_liturgico/pente.htm">la originalo</a> je 2011-01-23. Alirita 2011-02-03 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.ewtn.com/spanish/preguntas/pedro_y_la_Iglesia.htm">[7]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908042043/http://ec.aciprensa.com/p/papalino.htm">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://ec.aciprensa.com/p/papalino.htm">la originalo</a> je 2011-09-08. Alirita 2011-02-03 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.aciprensa.com/papas.htm">[8]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://html.rincondelvago.com/primeras-comunidades-cristianas.html">[9]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/spanish/historia_iglesia.htm">[10]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-macculloch155-19"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-macculloch155_19-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">MacCulloch, <i>Christianity</i>, pp. 155–159.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-chadwick21-20"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-chadwick21_20-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Chadwick, Henry, p. 41.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-macculoch164-21"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-macculoch164_21-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">MacCulloch, <i>Christianity</i>, p. 164.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.cruzadadelrosario.org.ar/Especiales/19neron.htm">[11]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005210119/http://www.e-libertadreligiosa.net/temas-historicos/50-libertadreligiosaotrasepocas/262-las-persecuciones-romanas-a-los-cristianos.html">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.e-libertadreligiosa.net/temas-historicos/50-libertadreligiosaotrasepocas/262-las-persecuciones-romanas-a-los-cristianos.html">la originalo</a> je 2011-10-05. Alirita 2011-02-03 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127170201/http://www.corazones.org/diccionario/gnosticismo.htm">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.corazones.org/diccionario/gnosticismo.htm">la originalo</a> je 2011-01-27. Alirita 2011-02-03 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Davidson341-25"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Davidson341_25-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Davidson, p. 341.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wilken286-26"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wilken286_26-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Wilken, p. 286.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-27">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ReferenceB_27-0"><sup>27,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ReferenceB_27-1"><sup>27,1</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">M'Clintock and Strong's Cyclopedia, Volume 7, p. 45a.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Noble214-28"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Noble214_28-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Noble, p. 214.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-29"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ReferenceA_29-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">"Rome (early Christian)." Cross, F. L., eld. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005</span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Le Goff, p. 14</span></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Le Goff, p. 21</span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Woods, p. 27</span></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, p. 69</span></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Johnson, p. 18</span></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Collins, p. 103</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter140-36">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter140_36-0"><sup>36,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter140_36-1"><sup>36,1</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter, pp. 140–141</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Duffy88-37"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy88_37-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, pp. 88–89.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Noble, pp. 286–287</span></li> <li id="cite_note-rileysmith-39"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-rileysmith_39-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Riley-Smith, p. 8</span></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Robert Bartlett, The Normans, BBC TV</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Norman_p62-66-41"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Norman_p62-66_41-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Norman, pp. 62–66</span></li> <li id="cite_note-LeGoff87-42"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LeGoff87_42-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Le Goff, p. 87</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Woods44-43"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Woods44_43-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Woods, pp. 44–48</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter158-44"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter158_44-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter, pp. 158–159</span></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Malcolm Barber, <i>The Cathars</i> p 1. Longman, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0582256615?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-582-25661-5</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.laguia2000.com/el-mundo/la-inquisicion-espanola">[12]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Woods122-47"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Woods122_47-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Woods, pp. 115–27.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Duffy133-48"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy133_48-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, p. 133.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Hall100-49"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Hall100_49-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Hall, p. 100.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Murray45-50">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Murray45_50-0"><sup>50,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Murray45_50-1"><sup>50,1</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Murray, p. 45.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Norman86-51"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Norman86_51-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Norman, p. 86</span></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter, p. 201</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Duffy149-53"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy149_53-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, p. 149</span></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">MacCulloch, <i>The Restoration</i>, p. 41</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter215-55">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter215_55-0"><sup>55,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter215_55-1"><sup>55,1</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter, p. 215</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter223-56"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter223_56-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter, pp. 223–224</span></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Vidmar, p.233</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter233-58">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter233_58-0"><sup>58,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter233_58-1"><sup>58,1</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter, p. 233</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Duffy177-59"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy177_59-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, pp. 177–178</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter235-60"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter235_60-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter, pp. 235–237</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schama-61"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schama_61-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Schama, pp. 309–311</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Noble519-62"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Noble519_62-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Noble, p. 519</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Solt149-63"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Solt149_63-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Solt, p. 149</span></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Judith F. Champ, 'Catholicism', en John Cannon (ed.), <i>The Oxford Companion to British History</i>, rev. eld. (Oxford: University Press, 2002), p. 176</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter242-65"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter242_65-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter, pp. 242–244</span></li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Lahey, p. 1125</span></li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Norman, pp. 91–92</span></li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-68">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Norman, p. 94</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson87-69"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Johnson87_69-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Johnson, p. 87</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter251-70"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter251_70-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter, p. 251</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Duffy188-71"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy188_71-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, pp. 188–191</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Koschorke13-72"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Koschorke13_72-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Koschorke, p. 13, p. 283</span></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Hastings (1994), p. 72</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Noble450-74"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Noble450_74-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Noble, pp. 450–451</span></li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Koschorke, p. 287</span></li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Johansen, p. 109, p. 110, citaĵo: "In the Americas, the Catholic priest Bartolomé de las Casas avidly encouraged enquiries into the Spanish conquest's many cruelties. Las Casas chronicled Spanish brutality against the Native peoples in excruciating detail."</span></li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Koschorke, p.287</span></li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Chadwick, Owen, p. 327</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Dussel45-79"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dussel45_79-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Dussel, p. 45, pp. 52–53, citaĵo: "The missionary Church opposed this state of affairs from the beginning, and nearly everything positive that was done for the benefit of the indigenous peoples resulted from the call and clamor of the missionaries. The fact remained, however, that widespread injustice was extremely difficult to uproot ... Even more important than Bartolomé de Las Casas was the Bishop of Nicaragua, Antonio de Valdeviso, who ultimately suffered martyrdom for his defense of the Indian."</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Koschorke21-80"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Koschorke21_80-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Koschorke, p. 21</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Koschorke3-81"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Koschorke3_81-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Koschorke, p. 3, p. 17</span></li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">McManners, p. 318</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Koschorke31-83"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Koschorke31_83-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Koschorke, pp. 31–32</span></li> <li id="cite_note-McManners328-84"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-McManners328_84-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">McManners, p. 328</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Duffy193-85"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy193_85-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, p. 193</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter295-86"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter295_86-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter, p. 295</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Norman111-87"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Norman111_87-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Norman, pp. 111–112</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter285-88"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter285_88-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter, pp. 283–285</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Collins176-89"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Collins176_89-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Collins, p. 176</span></li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, pp. 214–216</span></li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-91">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz/document/1888_-_Pompallier,_J._Early_History_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_Oceania/%255BFront_Matter%255D/p1?action%3Dnull">[13]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Stacy,_p._139-92"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Stacy,_p._139_92-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Stacy, p. 139</span></li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-93">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bethell, pp. 528–529</span></li> <li id="cite_note-kirkwood101102-94"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-kirkwood101102_94-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Kirkwood, pp. 101–102</span></li> <li id="cite_note-hamnett163164-95"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hamnett163164_95-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Hamnett, pp. 163–164</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Duffy221-96"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy221_96-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, p. 221</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Duffy240-97"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy240_97-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, p. 240</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Leith-98"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Leith_98-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Leith, p. 143</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Pollard8-99"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pollard8_99-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Pollard, pp. 7–8</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Fahlbusch-100"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fahlbusch_100-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Fahlbusch, p. 729</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter307-101"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter307_101-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter, pp. 306–307</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter387-102"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter387_102-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter, pp. 386–387</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Chadwick264-103">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chadwick264_103-0"><sup>103,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chadwick264_103-1"><sup>103,1</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Chadwick, Owen, pp. 264–265</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Scheina-104"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Scheina_104-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Scheina, p. 33.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-105">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Riasanovsky 617</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Riasanovsky_634-106"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Riasanovsky_634_106-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Riasanovsky 634</span></li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-107">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Payne, p. 13</span></li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-108">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Alonso, pp. 395–396</span></li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-109">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Blood of Spain, Ronald Fraser p. 415, kolektiva letero de la episkopoj de Hispanio al la episkopoj de la mondo. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0712660143?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7126-6014-3</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rhodes182-110"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rhodes182_110-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Rhodes, p. 182-183</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rhodes197-111"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rhodes197_111-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Rhodes, p. 197</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rhodes204-112"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rhodes204_112-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Rhodes, p. 204-205</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Cook983-113"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cook983_113-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Cook, p. 983</span></li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-114">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129015947/http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/about/01/non_jews_persecution.asp">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/about/01/non_jews_persecution.asp">la originalo</a> je 2010-11-29. Alirita 2011-02-04 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-115">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter p. 192</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Deák-116">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-De%C3%A1k_116-0"><sup>116,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-De%C3%A1k_116-1"><sup>116,1</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Deák, p. 182</span></li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-117">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Eakin,&nbsp;Emily,&nbsp;"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res%3D9B04E3DF1130F932A3575AC0A9679C8B63%26sec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3Dall">New Accusations Of a Vatican Role In Anti-Semitism; Battle Lines Were Drawn After Beatification of Pope Pius IX</a>", <i>The New York Times</i>, 1a de Septembro 2001. Kontrolita 2008-03-09.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Phayer-118"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Phayer_118-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Phayer, pp. 50–57</span></li> <li id="cite_note-communist-119"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-communist_119-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.cbc.ca/news/obit/pope/communism_homeland.html">Pope Stared Down Communism in Homeland&nbsp;– and Won</a>", <i>CBC News</i>, Aprilo 2005. Kontrolita 2008-01-31. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-120">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Smith,&nbsp;Craig,&nbsp;"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/10/world/europe/10poland.html">In Poland, New Wave of Charges Against Clerics</a>", <i>The New York Times</i>, 10a de Januaro 2007. Kontrolita 2008-05-23.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-121">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.thetablet.co.uk/article/14023">Untold story of 1989</a>. The Tablet. Alirita 2010-10-28 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter357-122"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter357_122-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter, pp. 356–358</span></li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-123">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7005927.stm">Asia-Pacific | China installs Pope-backed bishop</a>", <i>BBC News</i>, 2007-09-21. Kontrolita 2010-10-28.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-124">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Chadwick, p.259</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Duffy272-125"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy272_125-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, pp. 270–276</span></li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-126">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, <i>Saints and Sinners</i> (1997), p. 272, p. 274</span></li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-127">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bauckham, p. 373</span></li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-128">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Miglierini,&nbsp;Julian,&nbsp;"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8580840.stm">El Salvador marks Archbishop Oscar Romero's murder</a>", <i>BBC News</i>, 2010-03-24. Kontrolita 2010-10-28.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-129">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1979/press.html">Press Release - The Nobel Peace Prize 1979</a>. Nobelprize.org (1979-10-27). Alirita 2010-10-28 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-130">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1996/press.html">Press Release - Nobel Peace Prize 1996</a>. Nobelprize.org (1996-10-11). Alirita 2010-10-28 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-humanae-131"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-humanae_131-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Paul VI, Pope. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_25071968_humanae-vitae_en.html">Humanae Vitae</a>. Vatican (1968). Alirita 2008-02-02 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter493-132"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter493_132-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter, p. 27, p. 154, pp. 493–494</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schreck131-133"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schreck131_133-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Schreck, p. 131</span></li> <li id="cite_note-cat-134"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cat_134-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Marthaler, preface</span></li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-135">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">John Paul II, Pope. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_letters/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_15081997_laetamur_en.html">Laetamur Magnopere</a>. Vatican (1997). Alirita 2008-03-09 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-136">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">CCC, section 777, 778</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schreck16-137"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schreck16_137-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Schreck, pp. 15–19</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schreck21-138"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schreck21_138-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Schreck, p. 21</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schreck23-139"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schreck23_139-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Schreck, p. 23</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schreck30-140"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schreck30_140-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Schreck, p. 30</span></li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-141">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">CCC, section 1131</span></li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-142">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Kreeft, pp. 298–299</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kreeft71-143"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kreeft71_143-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Kreeft, pp. 71–72</span></li> <li id="cite_note-McGrath-144"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-McGrath_144-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">McGrath, pp. 4–6.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schreck397-145">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schreck397_145-0"><sup>145,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schreck397_145-1"><sup>145,1</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Schreck, p. 397</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church_51-146"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church_51_146-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">CCC, sekcioj 1021–22, 1051</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church_50-147"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church_50_147-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">CCC, sekcioj 1023–29, 1042–50</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church_54-148"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church_54_148-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">CCC, sekcioj 1030–32, 1054</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Matthew25-149"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Matthew25_149-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Mateo, 25:35–36.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-150">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Schreck, p. 199–200</span></li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-151">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Baedeker,&nbsp;Rob,&nbsp;"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2007-12-21-most-visited-religious-spots-forbes_N.htm">World's most-visited religious destinations</a>", <i>USA Today</i>, 21a de Decembro 2007. Kontrolita 2008-03-03. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-152">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Schreck, p. 368</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Barry,_p._106-153"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barry,_p._106_153-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Barry, p. 106</span></li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-154">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203154022/http://www.rosario.org.mx/liturgia/bautismo.htm">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.rosario.org.mx/liturgia/bautismo.htm">la originalo</a> je 2011-02-03. Alirita 2011-02-04 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-155">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://secristianohoy.blogspot.com/2010/03/ser-como-jesus.html">[14]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-156">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.oracioncatolica.info/">[15]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125021114/http://www.oracioncatolica.info/">Arkivigite je</a> 2010-11-25 per la retarkivo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-157">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915104228/http://www.defiendetufe.org/Intercesion_de_Maria.htm">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.defiendetufe.org/Intercesion_de_Maria.htm">la originalo</a> je 2010-09-15. Alirita 2011-02-04 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-158">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131225725/http://www.corazones.org/diccionario/purgatorio.htm">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.corazones.org/diccionario/purgatorio.htm">la originalo</a> je 2011-01-31. Alirita 2011-02-04 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kreeft109-159"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kreeft109_159-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Kreeft, p. 109.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-bunson-160"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bunson_160-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBunson2008">Bunson 2008</a>, p.&nbsp;273.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-161">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1066140.stm">Country profile: Vatican</a>", <i>BBC News</i>. Kontrolita 2008-03-09.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-162">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/la/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19901018_codex-can-eccl-orient-1.html">Kodo de Kanonoj de la Orientaj Eklezioj, 55-176</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-McDonough227-163"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-McDonough227_163-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">McDonough (1995), p. 227</span></li> <li id="cite_note-duffy415-164"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-duffy415_164-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Duffy (1997), p. 415</span></li> <li id="cite_note-duffy416-165"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-duffy416_165-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Duffy (1997), p. 416</span></li> <li id="cite_note-sees-166"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-sees_166-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Vatican, <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i> 2009, p. 1172.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-OneFaith52-167"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OneFaith52_167-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Barry, p. 52</span></li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-168">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Froehle, pp. 4–5</span></li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-169">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bazar, Emily. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2008-04-15-popeimmigrants_N.htm">Immigrants Make Pilgrimage to Pope</a>. <i>USA Today</i> (2008-04-16). Alirita 2008-05-03 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-170">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127130257/http://www.apologetica.org/numerocatolicos.htm">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.apologetica.org/numerocatolicos.htm">la originalo</a> je 2011-01-27. Alirita 2011-02-04 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-171">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Moore,&nbsp;Malcolm,&nbsp;"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1540843/Popes-Latinist-pronounces-death-of-a-language.html">Pope's Latinist pronounces death of a language</a>", 28a de Januaro 2007. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-172">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">CCC, sections 1200–1209</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kreeft326-327-173"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kreeft326-327_173-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Kreeft, pp. 326–327</span></li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-174">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">CCC, sections 1324–1331</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kreeft326-175"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kreeft326_175-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Kreeft, p. 326</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kreeft331-176"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kreeft331_176-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Kreeft, p. 331</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Literaturo">Literaturo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Literaturo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/cic_index_lt.html">Codex Iuris Canonici (kodekso de kanona juro), 1983, Libreria Editrice Vaticana (Eldona Librejo Vatikana), jen latine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/_INDEX.HTM">kaj en angla</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/FRA0037/_INDEX.HTM">franca</a>,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/DEU0036/_INDEX.HTM">germana</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ESL0020/_INDEX.HTM">hispana</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ITA0276/_INDEX.HTM">kaj itala tradukoj</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/ccc_toc.htm"><i>Catechism of the Catholic Church</i></a>. Libreria Editrice Vaticana (Eldona Librejo Vatikana) (1994). Alirita la 8-an de februaro 2008 .</li> <li>Barry, Rev. Msgr. John F (2001). <i>One Faith, One Lord: A Study of Basic Catholic Belief.</i> Gerard F. Baumbach, Ed.D. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0821522078?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8215-2207-8</a>.</li> <li>Bauer, Susan Wise (2010). <i>The History of Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade.</i> Norton. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780393059755?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-393-05975-5</a>.</li> <li>Bethell, Leslie (1984). <i>The Cambridge history of Latin America.</i> Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0521232252?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-23225-2</a>.</li> <li>Bokenkotter, Thomas (2004). <i>A Concise History of the Catholic Church.</i> Doubleday. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0385505841?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-385-50584-1</a>.</li> <li>Bunson, Matthew (2008). <i>Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Almanac.</i> Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/159276441X?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-59276-441-X</a>.</li> <li>Bruni, Frank; Burkett, Elinor (2002). <i>A Gospel of Shame: Children, Sexual Abuse, and the Catholic Church.</i> Harper Perennial. p.&nbsp;336. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780060522322?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-06-052232-2</a>.</li> <li>Chadwick, Henry (1990), "The Early Christian Community", in McManners, John, <i>The Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity</i>, Oxford University Press, pp.&nbsp;20–61, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0198229283?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-822928-3</a></li> <li>Chadwick, Owen (1995). <i>A History of Christianity.</i> Barnes &amp; Noble. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0760773327?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7607-7332-7</a>.</li> <li>Clarke, Graeme (2005), "Third-Century Christianity", en Bowman, Alan K., Peter Garnsey and Averil Cameron. <i>The Cambridge Ancient History</i> dua eldono, volumo 12: <i>The Crisis of Empire, A.D. 193–337</i>, Cambridge University Press, pp.&nbsp;589–671, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780521301992?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-30199-2</a>.</li> <li>Collins, Michael; Price, Mathew A. (1999). <i>The Story of Christianity.</i> Dorling Kindersley. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0751304670?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7513-0467-0</a>.</li> <li>Collinson, Patrick (1990). "The Late Medieval Church and its Reformation (1400–1600)". en John McManners. <i>The Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity.</i> Oxford University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0198229283?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-822928-3</a>.</li> <li>Cook, Bernard A. (2001). <i>Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia, Volume 2.</i> Taylor &amp; Francis. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780815340584?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8153-4058-4</a>.</li> <li>Coriden, James A; Green, Thomas J; Heintschel, Donald E. (1985). <i>The Code of Canon Law: A Text and Commentary, Study Edition.</i> Paulist Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780809128372?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8091-2837-2</a>.</li> <li>Davidson, Ivor (2005). <i>The Birth of the Church.</i> Monarch. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/1854246585?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-85424-658-5</a>.</li> <li>Deák, István (2001). <i>Essays on Hitler's Europe.</i> University of Nebraska Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780803266308?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8032-6630-8</a></li> <li>Duffy, Eamon (1997). <i>Saints and Sinners, a History of the Popes.</i> Yale University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0300073321?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-300-07332-1</a>.</li> <li>Dussel, Enrique (1981). <i>A History of the Church in Latin America.</i> Wm. B. Eerdmans. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0802821316?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8028-2131-6</a>.</li> <li>Faulk, Edward (2007). <i>101 Questions and Answers on Eastern Catholic Churches.</i> Paulist Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780809144419?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8091-4441-9</a>.</li> <li>Fahlbusch, Erwin (2007). <i>The Encyclopedia of Christianity.</i> Wm. B. Eerdmans. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0802824153?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8028-2415-3</a>.</li> <li>Froehle, Bryan; Mary Gautier (2003). <i>Global Catholicism, Portrait of a World Church.</i> Orbis books; Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate, Georgetown University. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/157075375X?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-57075-375-X</a>.</li> <li>Hamnett, Brian R (1999). <i>Concise History of Mexico.</i> Port Chester, NY: Cambridge University Pres. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0521581206?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-58120-6</a>.</li> <li>Hastings, Adrian (2004). <i>The Church in Africa 1450–1950.</i> Oxford University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0198263996?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-826399-6</a>.</li> <li>Herring, George (2006). <i>An Introduction to the History of Christianity.</i> Continuum International. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0826467377?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8264-6737-7</a>.</li> <li>Johansen, Bruce (2006). <i>The Native Peoples of North America.</i> Rutgers University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0813538998?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8135-3899-8</a>.</li> <li>Johnson, Lonnie (1996). <i>Central Europe: Enemies, Neighbors, Friends.</i> Oxford University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780195100716?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-510071-6</a>.</li> <li>Kirkwood, Burton (2000). <i>History of Mexico.</i> Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. pp.&nbsp;101–192. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9781403962584?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4039-6258-4</a>.</li> <li>Koschorke, Klaus; Ludwig, Frieder; Delgado, Mariano (2007). <i>A History of Christianity in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 1450–1990.</i> Wm B Eerdmans Publishing Co. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780802828897?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8028-2889-7</a>.</li> <li>Kreeft, Peter (2001). <i>Catholic Christianity.</i> Ignatius Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0898707986?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-89870-798-6</a>.</li> <li>Lahey, John (1995). "Roman Curia". in McBrien, Richard; Attridge, Harold. <i>The HarperCollins Encyclopedia of Catholicism.</i> HarperCollins. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780060653385?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-06-065338-5</a>.</li> <li>Le Goff, Jacques (2000). <i>Medieval Civilization.</i> Barnes &amp; Noble. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0631175660?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-631-17566-0</a>.</li> <li>Leith, John (1963). <i>Creeds of the Churches.</i> Aldine Publishing Co. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0664240577?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-664-24057-7</a>.</li> <li>MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2010). <i>Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years.</i> Viking. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780670021260?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-670-02126-0</a>. origine publikigita en 2009 fare de Allen Lane, kiel <i>A History of Christianity</i></li> <li>MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2003). <i>The Reformation.</i> Viking. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0670032964?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-670-03296-4</a>.</li> <li>MacMullen, Ramsay (1984), <i>Christianizing the Roman Empire: (A.D. 100–400).</i> New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780585381206?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-585-38120-6</a></li> <li>Markus, Robert (1990), "From Rome to the Barbarian Kingdom (339–700)", en McManners, John, <i>The Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity</i>, Oxford University Press, pp.&nbsp;62–91, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0198229283?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-822928-3</a></li> <li>Marthaler, Berard (1994). <i>Introducing the Catechism of the Catholic Church, Traditional Themes and Contemporary Issues.</i> Paulist Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0809134950?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8091-3495-0</a>.</li> <li>Marvin, John Wade (2008). "The Occitan War: a military and political history of the Albigensian Crusade, 1209-1218." Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0521872405?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-87240-5</a></li> <li>McDonough, Elizabeth. (1995). "Cardinals, College of". en McBrien, Richard; Attridge, Harold. <i>The HarperCollins Encyclopedia of Catholicism.</i> HarperCollins. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780060653385?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-06-065338-5</a>.</li> <li>McManners, John (1990). "The Expansion of Christianity (1500–1800)". en McManners, John. <i>The Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity.</i> Oxford University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0198229283?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-822928-3</a>.</li> <li>Morris, Colin (1990). "Christian Civilization (1050–1400)". en McManners, John. <i>The Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity.</i> Oxford University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0198229283?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-822928-3</a>.</li> <li>Murray, Chris (1994). <i>Dictionary of the Arts.</i> Helicon Publishing Ltd. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/081603205X?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8160-3205-X</a>.</li> <li>Noble, Thomas; Strauss, Barry (2005). <i>Western Civilization.</i> Houghton Mifflin Company. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9781846030758?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84603-075-8</a>.</li> <li>Norman, Edward (2007). <i>The Roman Catholic Church, An Illustrated History.</i> University of California Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780520252516?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-520-25251-6</a>.</li> <li>O'Collins, Gerald; Farrugia, Maria (2003). <i>Catholicism.</i> Oxford University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780199259953?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-925995-3</a>.</li> <li>Payne, Stanley G (2008). <i>Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany and World War II.</i> Yale University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0300122829?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-300-12282-9</a>.</li> <li>Phayer, Michael (2000). <i>The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965.</i> Indiana University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0253337259?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-253-33725-9</a>.</li> <li>Pollard, John Francis (2005). <i>Money and the Rise of the Modern Papacy, 1850–1950.</i> Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780521812047?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-81204-7</a>.</li> <li>Rhodes, Anthony (1973). <i>The Vatican in the Age of the Dictators (1922–1945).</i> Holt, Rinehart and Winston. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0030077362?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-03-007736-2</a>.</li> <li>Riley-Smith, Jonathan (1997). <i>The First Crusaders.</i> Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780511003080?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-511-00308-0</a>.</li> <li>Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert M; La Boda, Sharon (1996). <i>International Dictionary of Historic Places Volume 3: Southern Europe.</i> Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. p.&nbsp;590. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9781884964022?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-884964-02-2</a>.</li> <li>Schama, Simon (2003). <i>A History of Britain 1: At the Edge of the World?.</i> BBC Worldwide. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0563487143?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-563-48714-3</a>.</li> <li>Scheina, Robert L. (2007). <i>Latin America's Wars: The Age of the Caudillo.</i> Brassey's. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/1574884522?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-57488-452-2</a>.</li> <li>Schreck, Alan (1999). <i>The Essential Catholic Catechism.</i> Servant Publications. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/1569551286?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-56955-128-6</a>.</li> <li>Stacy, Lee (2003). <i>Mexico and the United States.</i> Marshall Cavendish. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0761474021?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7614-7402-1</a>.</li> <li>Solt, Leo Frank (1990). <i>Church and State in Early Modern England, 1509–1640.</i> Oxford University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0195059794?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-505979-4</a>.</li> <li>Tausch, Arno, Global Catholicism in the Age of Mass Migration and the Rise of Populism: Comparative Analyses, Based on Recent World Values Survey and European Social Survey Data (November 24, 2016). Available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/75243/1/MPRA_paper_75243.pdf">https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/75243/1/MPRA_paper_75243.pdf</a> Repec/Ideas, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universitato_de_Konetikuto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universitato de Konetikuto">Universitato de Konetikuto</a></li> <li>Vatikano, Centra Statistika Oficejo (2007). <i>Annuario Pontificio (Jarlibro Papa, itale).</i> Libreria Editrice Vaticana. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9788820979089?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-88-209-7908-9</a>.</li> <li>Vidmar, John (2005). <i>The Catholic Church Through the Ages.</i> Paulist Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0809142341?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8091-4234-1</a>.</li> <li>Wilken, Robert (2004). "Christianity". in Hitchcock, Susan Tyler; Esposito, John. <i>Geography of Religion.</i> National Geographic Society. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0792273176?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7922-7317-6</a>.</li> <li>Woods Jr, Thomas (2005). <i>How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization.</i> Regnery Publishing, Inc. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0895260387?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-89526-038-7</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vidu_ankaŭ"><span id="Vidu_anka.C5.AD"></span>Vidu ankaŭ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Vidu ankaŭ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beatigo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beatigo">Beatigo</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eklezia_Latino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eklezia Latino">Eklezia Latino</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enkanonigo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Enkanonigo">Enkanonigo</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jansenismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jansenismo">Jansenismo</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_bioetiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolika bioetiko">Katolika bioetiko</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_liturgio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolika liturgio">Katolika liturgio</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_sociala_doktrino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolika sociala doktrino">Katolika sociala doktrino</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koncilio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koncilio">Koncilio</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laudetur_Iesus_Christus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laudetur Iesus Christus">Laudetur Iesus Christus</a></i></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Listo_de_papoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listo de papoj">Listo de papoj</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Listo_de_sanktuloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listo de sanktuloj">Listo de sanktuloj</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meso_(diservo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meso (diservo)">Meso (diservo)</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paco_de_Dio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paco de Dio">Paco de Dio</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Purgatorio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Purgatorio">Purgatorio</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rolo_de_kristanismo_en_okcidenta_kulturo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rolo de kristanismo en okcidenta kulturo">Rolo de kristanismo en okcidenta kulturo</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Utrakvismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Utrakvismo">Utrakvismo</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vatikanurbo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatikanurbo">Vatikanurbo</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Eksteraj_ligiloj">Eksteraj ligiloj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Eksteraj ligiloj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 250px; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9;"> <ul class="noarchive"> <li class="commons"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Roman_Catholicism?uselang%3Deo">Kategorio Katolika Eklezio en la <span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</span></li> <li class="quote"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikiquote.org/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio" class="extiw" title="q:Katolika Eklezio">Katolika Eklezio en la <span>Vikicitaro</span></a> (Kolekto de citaĵoj)</li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.u-matthias.de/latino/latina.htm">Esperanto - la nova latino de la Eklezio, 2001, plena libro de Ulrich Matthias</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.ikue.org">IKUE, oficiala TTTejo de Internacia Katolika Unuiĝo Esperantista</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.breviero.org/">Breviero.org, preĝado, spirita vivo, sanktuloj</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110121816/http://www.breviero.org/">Arkivigite je</a> 2007-01-10 per la retarkivo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> </ul> <div style="position:absolute; z-index:100; right:20px; top:-40px; background-color:transparent" class="metadata" id="featured-star"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Listo_de_havendaj_artikoloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tiu ĉi artikolo apartenas al la aro de la mil plej gravaj artikoloj"> <noscript> <img alt="Tiu ĉi artikolo apartenas al la aro de la mil plej gravaj artikoloj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/1000HA.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="36" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="36"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 36px;height: 36px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/1000HA.png" data-alt="Tiu ĉi artikolo apartenas al la aro de la mil plej gravaj artikoloj" data-width="36" data-height="36" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div style="position:absolute; z-index:100; right:10px; top:45px;" class="titola_ikono noprint"> <div style="position: relative; width: 14px; height: 14px;"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3; font-size:150pt;"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Elstaraj_artikoloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikipedio:Elstaraj artikoloj"><span title="Ĉi tiu artikolo plenumas laŭ redaktantoj de Esperanto-Vikipedio kriteriojn por elstara artikolo."></span></a> </div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Elstaraj_artikoloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉi tiu artikolo plenumas laŭ redaktantoj de Esperanto-Vikipedio kriteriojn por elstara artikolo."> <noscript> <img alt="Ĉi tiu artikolo plenumas laŭ redaktantoj de Esperanto-Vikipedio kriteriojn por elstara artikolo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/14px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 14px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/14px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" data-alt="Ĉi tiu artikolo plenumas laŭ redaktantoj de Esperanto-Vikipedio kriteriojn por elstara artikolo." data-width="14" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/21px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/28px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <table class="noprint plainlinks" style="margin: 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #66CC44;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em;text-align: center;"> <div style="padding: 0.25em 0.5em;width:52px;"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"> <span title="Elstara artikolo"> <noscript> <img alt="Elstara artikolo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Qsicon_Exzellent.svg/24px-Qsicon_Exzellent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="24"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Qsicon_Exzellent.svg/24px-Qsicon_Exzellent.svg.png" data-alt="Elstara artikolo" data-width="24" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Qsicon_Exzellent.svg/36px-Qsicon_Exzellent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Qsicon_Exzellent.svg/48px-Qsicon_Exzellent.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span> <figcaption> Elstara artikolo </figcaption> </figure> </div></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0.5em;width: 100%;">Ĉi tiu artikolo estis je la <i>nekonata dato</i> akceptita en la liston de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Elstaraj_artikoloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikipedio:Elstaraj artikoloj">elstaraj artikoloj</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="noprint plainlinks" style="margin: 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #66CC44; font-size:90%"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em;text-align: center;"> <div style="padding: 0.25em 0.5em;width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Weeks_featured_article.png/45px-Weeks_featured_article.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 45px;height: 45px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Weeks_featured_article.png/45px-Weeks_featured_article.png" data-width="45" data-height="45" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Weeks_featured_article.png/68px-Weeks_featured_article.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Weeks_featured_article.png/90px-Weeks_featured_article.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span> </div></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0.5em;width: 100%;">Tiu ĉi artikolo estis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Artikolo_de_la_semajno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikipedio:Artikolo de la semajno">artikolo de la semajno</a> en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Artikolo_de_la_semajno/2011/06?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikipedio:Artikolo de la semajno/2011/06">06-a semajno</a> de la jaro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Artikolo_de_la_semajno/2011?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikipedio:Artikolo de la semajno/2011">2011</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="noprint" style="clear:both; margin-top:0px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); padding: 0px; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norma_datumaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norma datumaro">Bibliotekoj</a></td> <td class="plainlinks hlist" style="font-size: 80%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helpo:Bibliotekoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helpo:Bibliotekoj">PeEnEo</a>: <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/?curid%3D2102">2102</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komuna_Norma_Datumaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komuna Norma Datumaro">GND</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://d-nb.info/gnd/2009545-4">2009545-4</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kontrolnumero_de_la_Kongresa_Biblioteko_de_Usono?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kontrolnumero de la Kongresa Biblioteko de Usono">LCCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79041716,">sh85021043 n79041716, sh85021043</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VIAF?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="VIAF">VIAF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://viaf.org/viaf/130782063">130782063</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISNI?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISNI">ISNI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://isni.org/isni/0000000121577632">0000000121577632</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LIBRIS?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://libris.kb.se/auth/127468">127468</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.idref.fr/026445158">026445158</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_Francio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Francio">BNF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118691560,">119345700 118691560, 119345700</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Names?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union List of Artist Names">ULAN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find%3D%26role%3D%26nation%3D%26subjectid%3D500241849">500241849</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_A%C5%ADstralio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Aŭstralio">NLA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35026602">35026602</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_Dieto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Dieto">NDL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00537972">00537972</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibsys?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV009063">CFIV009063</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_Hispanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Hispanio">BNE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX244723">XX244723</a></span></li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style="position:absolute; z-index:100; right:10px; top:45px;" class="titola_ikono noprint"> <div style="position: relative; width: 20px; height: 40px;"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3; font-size:150pt;"> <a 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DKatolika_Eklezio%26oldid%3D8904621">https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;oldid=8904621</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Katolika_Eklezio&amp;action=history&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Sj1mor" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1730324359"> <span>Laste redaktita je 30 okt. 2024, 21:39</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small 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data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25B6misch-katholische_Kirche" title="Römisch-katholische Kirche — svisgermana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Römisch-katholische Kirche" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="svisgermana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258B%25A8%25E1%2588%25AE%25E1%2588%259B_%25E1%258A%25AB%25E1%2589%25B6%25E1%2588%258A%25E1%258A%25AD_%25E1%2589%25A4%25E1%2589%25B0_%25E1%258A%25AD%25E1%2588%25AD%25E1%2588%25B5%25E1%2589%25B2%25E1%258B%25AB%25E1%258A%2595" title="የሮማ ካቶሊክ ቤተ ክርስቲያን — amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የሮማ ካቶሊክ ቤተ ክርስቲያን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilesia_Catolica" title="Ilesia Catolica — aragona" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ilesia Catolica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remisc_Cirice" title="Remisc Cirice — Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Remisc Cirice" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2583%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AB%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="الكنيسة الرومانية الكاثوليكية — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الكنيسة الرومانية الكاثوليكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%25A5%25DC%2595%25DC%25AC%25DC%2590_%25DC%25A9%25DC%25AC%25DC%2598%25DC%25A0%25DC%259D%25DC%25A9%25DC%259D_%25DC%2595%25DC%25AA%25DC%2597%25DC%2598%25DC%25A1%25DC%259D%25DC%2590" title="ܥܕܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝ ܕܪܗܘܡܝܐ — Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܥܕܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝ ܕܪܗܘܡܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2583%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2583" title="كنيسة الروم الكاتوليك — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كنيسة الروم الكاتوليك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilesia_Cat%25C3%25B3lica" title="Ilesia Católica — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ilesia Católica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma-Katolik_kils%25C9%2599si" title="Roma-Katolik kilsəsi — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Roma-Katolik kilsəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9_%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C" title="کاتولیک کیلیساسی — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاتولیک کیلیساسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D3%2599%25D2%25AF%25D0%25B5" title="Католик сиркәүе — baŝkira" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Католик сиркәүе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baŝkira" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remisch-katholische_Kira" title="Remisch-katholische Kira — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Remisch-katholische Kira" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruomas_Katal%25C4%2597ku_Ba%25C5%25BEn%25C4%25AB%25C4%258D%25C4%2597" title="Ruomas Katalėku Bažnīčė — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ruomas Katalėku Bažnīčė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbahan_Katoliko" title="Simbahan Katoliko — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Simbahan Katoliko" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D1%258B%25D0%25BC%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0-%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Рымска-Каталіцкая Царква — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рымска-Каталіцкая Царква" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Каталіцкая Царква — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каталіцкая Царква" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger%25C3%25A8ja_Katolik" title="Gerèja Katolik — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Gerèja Katolik" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2586%25D1%258A%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Католическа църква — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Католическа църква" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A5%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2595_%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25A3%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A1%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%2580" title="ক্যাথলিক মণ্ডলী — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যাথলিক মণ্ডলী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliz_katolik_roman" title="Iliz katolik roman — bretona" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Iliz katolik roman" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimokatoli%25C4%258Dka_crkva" title="Rimokatolička crkva — bosna" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rimokatolička crkva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gareja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gareja Katolik Roma — Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Gareja Katolik Roma" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA_%25D1%2581%25D2%25AF%25D0%25BC%25D1%258D" title="Католик сүмэ — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Католик сүмэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esgl%25C3%25A9sia_Cat%25C3%25B2lica_Romana" title="Església Catòlica Romana — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Església Catòlica Romana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglesia_romano_catolico" title="Iglesia romano catolico — Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Iglesia romano catolico" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25B2%25CC%25A4-m%25C4%2581-ti%25C4%2595ng-ci%25C5%258D-g%25C3%25A1u" title="Lò̤-mā-tiĕng-ciō-gáu — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lò̤-mā-tiĕng-ciō-gáu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbahang_Katoliko_Romano" title="Simbahang Katoliko Romano — cebua" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Simbahang Katoliko Romano" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25DA%25B5%25DB%258E%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C_%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25DB%2586%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9" title="کڵێسای کاتۆلیک — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کڵێسای کاتۆلیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolick%25C3%25A1_c%25C3%25ADrkev" title="Katolická církev — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Katolická církev" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katol%25C3%25ABcczi_K%25C3%25B2sc%25C3%25B3%25C5%2582" title="Katolëcczi Kòscół — Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Katolëcczi Kòscół" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Eglwys_Gatholig_Rufeinig" title="Yr Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig — kimra" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romerskkatolske_kirke" title="Romerskkatolske kirke — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Romerskkatolske kirke" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_cheechi" title="Roman cheechi — Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Roman cheechi" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25B6misch-katholische_Kirche" title="Römisch-katholische Kirche — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Römisch-katholische Kirche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C4%25B1lisa_Katolike" title="Kılisa Katolike — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kılisa Katolike" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A1%25CF%2589%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BA%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B8%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE_%25CE%2595%25CE%25BA%25CE%25BA%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B7%25CF%2583%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Ρωμαιοκαθολική Εκκλησία — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωμαιοκαθολική Εκκλησία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ce%25E1%25B9%25A1a_Cat%25C3%25B2lica" title="Ceṡa Catòlica — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ceṡa Catòlica" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="leginda artikolo"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Catholic Church" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglesia_cat%25C3%25B3lica" title="Iglesia católica — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iglesia católica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoliku_kirik" title="Katoliku kirik — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Katoliku kirik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erromatar_Eliza_Katolikoa" title="Erromatar Eliza Katolikoa — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erromatar Eliza Katolikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%25C3%25A9sia_cat%25C3%25B3lica" title="Elésia católica — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Elésia católica" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C_%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9" title="کلیسای کاتولیک — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلیسای کاتولیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolinen_kirkko" title="Katolinen kirkko — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Katolinen kirkko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25B3mversk-kat%25C3%25B3lska_kirkjan" title="Rómversk-katólska kirkjan — feroa" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Rómversk-katólska kirkjan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589glise_catholique" title="Église catholique — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Église catholique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589gll%25C3%25A9se_catolica_rom%25C3%25A8na" title="Égllése catolica romèna — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Égllése catolica romèna" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25B6%25C3%25B6ms-Katuulsk_Sark" title="Rööms-Katuulsk Sark — nord-frisa" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rööms-Katuulsk Sark" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nord-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roomsk-Katolike_Tsjerke" title="Roomsk-Katolike Tsjerke — okcident-frisa" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Roomsk-Katolike Tsjerke" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="okcident-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Eaglais_Chaitliceach_R%25C3%25B3mh%25C3%25A1nach" title="An Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9gliz_katolik" title="Légliz katolik — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Légliz katolik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaglais_Chaitligeach" title="Eaglais Chaitligeach — skot-gaela" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eaglais Chaitligeach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skot-gaela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igrexa_cat%25C3%25B3lica" title="Igrexa católica — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Igrexa católica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tup%25C3%25A3rape_Oparupigua" title="Tupãrape Oparupigua — gvarania" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tupãrape Oparupigua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvarania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolik_firgoz" title="Katolik firgoz — Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Katolik firgoz" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocin_katolika" title="Cocin katolika — haŭsa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Cocin katolika" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haŭsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%25C3%25AAn-ch%25C3%25BA-kau" title="Thiên-chú-kau — Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thiên-chú-kau" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2594%25D7%259B%25D7%25A0%25D7%25A1%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%2594_%25D7%2594%25D7%25A7%25D7%25AA%25D7%2595%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA" title="הכנסייה הקתולית — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הכנסייה הקתולית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25A5%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2598%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="कैथोलिक गिरजाघर — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैथोलिक गिरजाघर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Roman Catholic Church — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Roman Catholic Church" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoli%25C4%258Dka_Crkva" title="Katolička Crkva — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Katolička Crkva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legliz_Katolik" title="Legliz Katolik — haitia kreola" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Legliz Katolik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitia kreola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25B3mai_katolikus_egyh%25C3%25A1z" title="Római katolikus egyház — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Római katolikus egyház" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B8%25D5%25AC%25D5%25AB%25D5%25AF_%25D5%25A5%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B2%25D5%25A5%25D6%2581%25D5%25AB" title="Կաթոլիկ եկեղեցի — armena" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կաթոլիկ եկեղեցի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B8%25D5%25AC%25D5%25AB%25D5%25AF_%25D5%25A5%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B2%25D5%25A5%25D6%2581%25D5%25AB" title="Կաթոլիկ եկեղեցի — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կաթոլիկ եկեղեցի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesia_Catholic" title="Ecclesia Catholic — Interlingvao" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ecclesia Catholic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingvao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerija_Katolik" title="Gerija Katolik — ibana" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Gerija Katolik" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gereja Katolik Roma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclesie_Catolic" title="Eclesie Catolic — Interlingveo" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Eclesie Catolic" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingveo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbaan_a_Katoliko" title="Simbaan a Katoliko — iloka" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Simbaan a Katoliko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolik_eklezio" title="Katolik eklezio — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Katolik eklezio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25B3mversk-ka%25C3%25BE%25C3%25B3lska_kirkjan" title="Rómversk-kaþólska kirkjan — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rómversk-kaþólska kirkjan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_cattolica" title="Chiesa cattolica — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chiesa cattolica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25AB%25E3%2583%2588%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2583%2583%25E3%2582%25AF%25E6%2595%2599%25E4%25BC%259A" title="カトリック教会 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カトリック教会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruoman_Kiaklik_Choch" title="Ruoman Kiaklik Choch — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ruoman Kiaklik Choch" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="elstara artikolo"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%25C3%25A9ja_Katulik" title="Gréja Katulik — java" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gréja Katulik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="java" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="რომის კათოლიკური ეკლესია — kartvela" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რომის კათოლიკური ეკლესია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="kartvela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoliki_Cejewiye" title="Katoliki Cejewiye — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Katoliki Cejewiye" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sot_%25C3%2581%25CC%25B1nietkhwi_Katolika" title="Sot Á̱nietkhwi Katolika — Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Sot Á̱nietkhwi Katolika" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA_%25D1%2588%25D1%2596%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D1%2583%25D1%2596" title="Католик шіркеуі — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Католик шіркеуі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%2596%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259F%2587%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259E%25A0%25E1%259E%2582%25E1%259E%2598%25E1%259E%2593%25E1%259F%258D%25E1%259E%2580%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%258F%25E1%259E%25BC%25E1%259E%259B%25E1%259E%25B7%25E1%259E%2580" title="ព្រះសហគមន៍កាតូលិក — kmera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ព្រះសហគមន៍កាតូលិក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25A5%25E0%25B3%258B%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D_%25E0%25B2%259A%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%259A%25E0%25B3%258D" title="ಕ್ಯಾಥೋಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ — kanara" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಯಾಥೋಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25A1%259C%25EB%25A7%2588_%25EA%25B0%2580%25ED%2586%25A8%25EB%25A6%25AD%25EA%25B5%2590%25ED%259A%258C" title="로마 가톨릭교회 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로마 가톨릭교회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C3%25AAra_katol%25C3%25AEk" title="Dêra katolîk — kurda" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dêra katolîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eglos_Katholik_Romanek" title="Eglos Katholik Romanek — kornvala" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Eglos Katholik Romanek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornvala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="elstara artikolo"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesia_Catholica_Romana" title="Ecclesia Catholica Romana — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ecclesia Catholica Romana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilisia_Katolika" title="Kilisia Katolika — judhispana" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kilisia Katolika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="judhispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathoulesch_Kierch" title="Kathoulesch Kierch — luksemburga" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kathoulesch Kierch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eglesa_Catolica" title="Eglesa Catolica — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Eglesa Catolica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roems-Kathelieke_K%25C3%25A8rk" title="Roems-Kathelieke Kèrk — limburga" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Roems-Kathelieke Kèrk" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dlijia_catolica" title="Dlijia catolica — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Dlijia catolica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekel%25C3%25A9ziya_katolike" title="Ekeléziya katolike — lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ekeléziya katolike" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romos_Katalik%25C5%25B3_Ba%25C5%25BEny%25C4%258Dia" title="Romos Katalikų Bažnyčia — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Romos Katalikų Bažnyčia" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romas_Kato%25C4%25BCu_bazn%25C4%25ABca" title="Romas Katoļu baznīca — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Romas Katoļu baznīca" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A5%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259A" title="रोमन क्याथोलिक चर्च — majtila" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रोमन क्याथोलिक चर्च" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="majtila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Gereja Katolik Roma" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eglizy_kat%25C3%25B4lika_r%25C3%25B4manina" title="Eglizy katôlika rômanina — malagasa" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Eglizy katôlika rômanina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma — minankabaŭa" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Gereja Katolik Roma" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minankabaŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2586%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Римокатоличка црква — makedona" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Римокатоличка црква" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B4%25AD" title="കത്തോലിക്കാസഭ — malajalama" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കത്തോലിക്കാസഭ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2585%25E0%25A4%25A5%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259A" title="कॅथलिक चर्च — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॅथलिक चर्च" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_Katolik" title="Gereja Katolik — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gereja Katolik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knisja_Kattolika" title="Knisja Kattolika — malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Knisja Kattolika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigreija_Cat%25C3%25B3lica" title="Eigreija Católica — miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Eigreija Católica" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA_%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25BA" title="ကက်သလစ် အသင်းတော် — birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကက်သလစ် အသင်းတော်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9_%25DA%25A9%25D9%2587%25E2%2580%258C%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AA" title="کاتلیک که‌نیشت — mazandarana" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کاتلیک که‌نیشت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catolicismo_Romano" title="Catolicismo Romano — Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Catolicismo Romano" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesia_cattoleca" title="Chiesia cattoleca — napola" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Chiesia cattoleca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25B6%25C3%25B6msch-kathoolsche_Kark" title="Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark — platgermana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="platgermana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooms-Katholieke_Karke" title="Rooms-Katholieke Karke — Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Rooms-Katholieke Karke" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A5%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259A" title="क्याथोलिक चर्च — nepala" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्याथोलिक चर्च" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooms-Katholieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katholieke Kerk — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rooms-Katholieke Kerk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_katolske_kyrkja" title="Den katolske kyrkja — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den katolske kyrkja" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_katolske_kirke" title="Den katolske kirke — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den katolske kirke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589glise_catholique" title="Église catholique — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Église catholique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589%25C3%25A9%25CA%25BC_neishoodii" title="Ééʼ neishoodii — navaha" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ééʼ neishoodii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%25C3%25A8isa_Catolica_Romana" title="Glèisa Catolica Romana — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Glèisa Catolica Romana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A9%2588%25E0%25A8%25A5%25E0%25A9%258B%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%2595_%25E0%25A8%2597%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%259C%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2598%25E0%25A8%25B0" title="ਕੈਥੋਲਿਕ ਗਿਰਜਾਘਰ — panĝaba" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੈਥੋਲਿਕ ਗਿਰਜਾਘਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panĝaba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglesia_Catolico_Romano" title="Iglesia Catolico Romano — Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Iglesia Catolico Romano" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589glise_Catolike" title="Église Catolike — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Église Catolike" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedollische_Kaerich" title="Gedollische Kaerich — Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Gedollische Kaerich" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%25C5%259Bci%25C3%25B3%25C5%2582_katolicki" title="Kościół katolicki — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kościół katolicki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesa_Cat%25C3%25B2lica" title="Cesa Catòlica — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cesa Catòlica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25DA%25BE%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DA%25A9_%25DA%2586%25D8%25B1%25DA%2586" title="کیتھولک چرچ — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیتھولک چرچ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25D9%2587_%25DA%25A9%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7" title="کاتولیکه کلیسا — paŝtua" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کاتولیکه کلیسا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paŝtua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="leginda artikolo"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igreja_Cat%25C3%25B3lica" title="Igreja Católica — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Igreja Católica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathuliku_Inlisya" title="Kathuliku Inlisya — keĉua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kathuliku Inlisya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keĉua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baselgia_catolica_romana" title="Baselgia catolica romana — romanĉa" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Baselgia catolica romana" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanĉa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biserica_Catolic%25C4%2583" title="Biserica Catolică — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biserica Catolică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisearic%25C3%25A3_C%25C3%25A3tulic%25C3%25A3" title="Bisearicã Cãtulicã — arumana" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Bisearicã Cãtulicã" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%2597%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Римокатолїцка церква — Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Римокатолїцка церква" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%258C" title="Католическая церковь — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Католическая церковь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2" title="Римокатолицька церьков — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Римокатолицька церьков" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA_%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B0%25D2%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B4%25D1%258C%25D0%25B8%25D1%258D%25D1%2582%25D1%258D" title="Католик Таҥара дьиэтэ — jakuta" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Католик Таҥара дьиэтэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_Catt%25C3%25B2lica_Rumana" title="Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana — sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Kirk" title="Catholic Kirk — skota" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Catholic Kirk" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolala%25C5%25A1_girku" title="Katolalaš girku — nord-samea" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Katolalaš girku" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nord-samea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoli%25C4%258Dka_crkva" title="Katolička crkva — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Katolička crkva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B6%25AD%25E0%25B7%259D%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%259A_%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B6%25B7%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2580" title="කතෝලික සභාව — sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කතෝලික සභාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Catholic Church" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katol%25C3%25ADcka_cirkev_(latinsk%25C3%25A1_cirkev_a_v%25C3%25BDchodn%25C3%25A9_katol%25C3%25ADcke_cirkvi)" title="Katolícka cirkev (latinská cirkev a východné katolícke cirkvi) — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Katolícka cirkev (latinská cirkev a východné katolícke cirkvi)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimskokatoli%25C5%25A1ka_cerkev" title="Rimskokatoliška cerkev — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rimskokatoliška cerkev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisha_Katolike" title="Kisha Katolike — albana" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kisha Katolike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2586%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Католичка црква — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Католичка црква" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoolske_S%25C3%25A4%25C3%25A4rke" title="Katoolske Säärke — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Katoolske Säärke" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma — sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gereja Katolik Roma" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romersk-katolska_kyrkan" title="Romersk-katolska kyrkan — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Romersk-katolska kyrkan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanisa_Katoliki" title="Kanisa Katoliki — svahila" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kanisa Katoliki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rzimskokatolicki_ko%25C5%259B%25C4%2587%25C5%25AF%25C5%2582" title="Rzimskokatolicki kośćůł — silezi-pola" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rzimskokatolicki kośćůł" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silezi-pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258B%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595_%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%2588" title="கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25A5%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B1%258D_%25E0%25B0%259A%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%259A%25E0%25B0%25BF" title="కాథలిక్ చర్చి — telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాథలిక్ చర్చి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D3%25A3" title="Калисои католикӣ — taĝika" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Калисои католикӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taĝika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2581" title="โรมันคาทอลิก — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โรมันคาทอลิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbahang_Katolikong_Romano" title="Simbahang Katolikong Romano — tagaloga" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Simbahang Katolikong Romano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolik_Kilisesi" title="Katolik Kilisesi — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Katolik Kilisesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolik_%25C3%25A7irk%25C3%25A4w" title="Katolik çirkäw — tatara" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Katolik çirkäw" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Католицька церква — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Католицька церква" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25DA%25BE%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DA%25A9_%25DA%25A9%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="کاتھولک کلیسیا — urduo" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاتھولک کلیسیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolik_cherkovi" title="Katolik cherkovi — uzbeka" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Katolik cherkovi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceza_Cat%25C3%25B2%25C5%2582ega" title="Ceza Catòłega — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ceza Catòłega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoline_jumalankodikund" title="Katoline jumalankodikund — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Katoline jumalankodikund" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%25C3%25A1o_h%25E1%25BB%2599i_C%25C3%25B4ng_gi%25C3%25A1o" title="Giáo hội Công giáo — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giáo hội Công giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katholieke_kerke" title="Katholieke kerke — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Katholieke kerke" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%25C3%25BCg_Katulik" title="Glüg Katulik — Volapuko" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Glüg Katulik" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singbahan_Katoliko" title="Singbahan Katoliko — varaja" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Singbahan Katoliko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E6%2595%258E%25E6%259C%2583" title="天主敎會 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="天主敎會" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A7%25D7%2590%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%2599%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%25A9%25D7%25A2_%25D7%25A7%25D7%2599%25D7%25A8%25D7%259B%25D7%25A2" title="קאטוילישע קירכע — jida" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאטוילישע קירכע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jida" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Cj%25E1%25BB%258D_K%25C3%25A1t%25C3%25B3l%25C3%25ACk%25C3%25AC" title="Ìjọ Kátólìkì — joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìjọ Kátólìkì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E6%2595%2599%25E6%259C%2583" title="天主教會 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="天主教會" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thian-ch%25C3%25BA-k%25C3%25A0u" title="Thian-chú-kàu — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thian-chú-kàu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E6%2595%2599%25E6%259C%2583" title="天主教會 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="天主教會" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img 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