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[o]" accesskey="o"> Masuk log</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting">pelajari lebih lanjut</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y">Kontribusi</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n">Pembicaraan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Karakteristik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakteristik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Karakteristik </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Karakteristik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Karakteristik </button> <ul id="toc-Karakteristik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sifat_fisik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat_fisik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Sifat fisik </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sifat_fisik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat_kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat_kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Sifat kimia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sifat_kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Senyawa_kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa_kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.1 Senyawa kimia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senyawa_kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotopes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Isotopes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Sejarah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keterjadian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keterjadian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Keterjadian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keterjadian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Produksi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Produksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Aplikasi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Aplikasi </button> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Penyerap_neutron" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penyerap_neutron"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Penyerap neutron </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penyerap_neutron-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paduan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paduan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Paduan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paduan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agen_kontras_magnetik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agen_kontras_magnetik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Agen kontras magnetik </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agen_kontras_magnetik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fosfor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fosfor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Fosfor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fosfor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemancar_sinar_gama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemancar_sinar_gama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Pemancar sinar gama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemancar_sinar_gama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perangkat_elektronik_dan_optis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perangkat_elektronik_dan_optis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Perangkat elektronik dan optis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perangkat_elektronik_dan_optis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elektrolit_dalam_sel_bahan_bakar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektrolit_dalam_sel_bahan_bakar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Elektrolit dalam sel bahan bakar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektrolit_dalam_sel_bahan_bakar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pendinginan_magnetik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendinginan_magnetik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 Pendinginan magnetik </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pendinginan_magnetik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Superkonduktor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Superkonduktor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.9 Superkonduktor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Superkonduktor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi_sebelumnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi_sebelumnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.10 Aplikasi sebelumnya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi_sebelumnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keamanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keamanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Keamanan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keamanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kegunaan_biologis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kegunaan_biologis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Kegunaan biologis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kegunaan_biologis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Referensi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Pranala luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gulingkan daftar isi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Gadolinium</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 131 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-131" aria-hidden="true" > 131 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8B%E1%8B%B6%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ጋዶሊኒየም – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጋዶሊኒየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="गैडोलिनियम – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="गैडोलिनियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="غادولينيوم – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غادولينيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DD%A3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ݣادولينيوم – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ݣادولينيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="جادولينيوم – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جادولينيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadoliniu" title="Gadoliniu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gadoliniu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadolinium" title="Qadolinium – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qadolinium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гадолиний – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гадолиний" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Гадаліній – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гадаліній" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Гадалін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гадалін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гадолиний – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гадолиний" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="गैडोलिनियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गैडोलिनियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="গ্যাডালিনিয়াম – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্যাডালিনিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadoliniom" title="Gadoliniom – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gadoliniom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinij" title="Gadolinij – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gadolinij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolini" title="Gadolini – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gadolini" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinyo" title="Gadolinyo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gadolinyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="گادۆلینیۆم – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گادۆلینیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadoliniu" title="Gadoliniu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Gadoliniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гадолиний – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гадолиний" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadoliniwm" title="Gadoliniwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gadoliniwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Γαδολίνιο – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαδολίνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinio" title="Gadolinio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gadolinio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinio" title="Gadolinio – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gadolinio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadoliinium" title="Gadoliinium – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gadoliinium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinio" title="Gadolinio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gadolinio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadol%C3%ADniu" title="Gadolíniu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Gadolíniu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="گادولینیم – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گادولینیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadoliinium" title="Gadoliinium – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gadoliinium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolini" title="Gadolini – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gadolini" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadailiniam" title="Gadailiniam – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gadailiniam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinio" title="Gadolinio – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gadolinio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="ગેડોલિનીયમ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગેડોલિનીયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinnium" title="Gadolinnium – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Gadolinnium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="גדוליניום – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גדוליניום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="गैडोलिनियम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गैडोलिनियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinij" title="Gadolinij – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gadolinij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadoliny%C3%B2m" title="Gadolinyòm – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gadolinyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadol%C3%ADnium" title="Gadolínium – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gadolínium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Գադոլինիում – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գադոլինիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinio" title="Gadolinio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gadolinio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinio" title="Gadolinio – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gadolinio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ガドリニウム – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガドリニウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrgadolini" title="jinmrgadolini – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrgadolini" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="გადოლინიუმი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გადოლინიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat%C9%94l%C9%A9n%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Katɔlɩnɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Katɔlɩnɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гадолиний – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гадолиний" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗ್ಯಾಡೊಲಿನಿಯಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ಯಾಡೊಲಿನಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%8F%8C%EB%A6%AC%EB%8A%84" title="가돌리늄 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가돌리늄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гадолиний – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Гадолиний" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadoliniom" title="Gadoliniom – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gadoliniom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гадолиний – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гадолиний" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinio" title="Gadolinio – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Gadolinio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinis" title="Gadolinis – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gadolinis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadol%C4%ABnijs" title="Gadolīnijs – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gadolīnijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Гадолиниум – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гадолиниум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഗാഡോലിനിയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗാഡോലിനിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Гадолини – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гадолини" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="गॅडोलिनियम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गॅडोलिनियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гадолиний – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Гадолиний" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ဂါဒိုလီနီယမ် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂါဒိုလီနီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="ग्याडोलिनियम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ग्याडोलिनियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolini" title="Gadolini – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gadolini" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadoliinii" title="Gadoliinii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Gadoliinii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE" title="ଗ୍ୟାଡ଼ୋଲିନିଅମ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଗ୍ୟାଡ଼ୋଲିନିଅମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="ग्याडोलिनियम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="ग्याडोलिनियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolin" title="Gadolin – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gadolin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolini" title="Gadolini – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gadolini" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%88%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="گاڈولینیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گاڈولینیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="گاډولينيوم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="گاډولينيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadol%C3%ADnio" title="Gadolínio – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gadolínio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qathulinyu" title="Qathulinyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qathulinyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadoliniu" title="Gadoliniu – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gadoliniu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadoliniu" title="Gadoliniu – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Gadoliniu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гадолиний – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гадолиний" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="ग्याडोलिनियम – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ग्याडोलिनियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Гадолиниум – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гадолиниум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadol%C3%ACniu" title="Gadolìniu – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gadolìniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadoliniu" title="Gadoliniu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gadoliniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinijum" title="Gadolinijum – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gadolinijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadol%C3%ADnium" title="Gadolínium – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gadolínium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinij" title="Gadolinij – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gadolinij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolini" title="Gadolini – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gadolini" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Гадолинијум – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гадолинијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolini" title="Gadolini – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gadolini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கடோலினியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கடோலினியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="గెడోలినియం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గెడోలినియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гадолиний – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гадолиний" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="แกโดลิเนียม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แกโดลิเนียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinyo" title="Gadolinyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gadolinyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinyum" title="Gadolinyum – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gadolinyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гадолиний – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гадолиний" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A" title="گادولنىي – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گادولنىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Гадоліній – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гадоліній" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="گیڈولنیئم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گیڈولنیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadoliniy" title="Gadoliniy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gadoliniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinii" title="Gadolinii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gadolinii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolini" title="Gadolini – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gadolini" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinyo" title="Gadolinyo – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gadolinyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Гадолиниум – Kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Гадолиниум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%93" title="釓 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="釓" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gadolinium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%93" title="釓 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="釓" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmGedembulu" title="UmGedembulu – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmGedembulu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1832#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333552">.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}@media only screen and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-station{width:25.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{width:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="background:lightgray;padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="float:right;display:inline;background:lightgray;font-size:150%;">64Gd</div>Gadolinium</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Gadolinium-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gadolinium-4.jpg/220px-Gadolinium-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gadolinium-4.jpg/330px-Gadolinium-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gadolinium-4.jpg/440px-Gadolinium-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1036" data-file-height="524" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Sampel gadolinium</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background:black"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Gadolinium_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gadolinium_spectrum_visible.png/220px-Gadolinium_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gadolinium_spectrum_visible.png/330px-Gadolinium_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gadolinium_spectrum_visible.png/440px-Gadolinium_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a> </div><div class="infobox-caption">Garis spektrum gadolinium</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffbfff">Sifat umum</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Pengucapan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">/gadolinium/<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Penampilan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">putih keperakan</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffbfff">Gadolinium dalam <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:185px;margin:0.1em;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Media:Electron_shell_064_Gadolinium.svg" title="Media:Electron shell 064 Gadolinium.svg"><img alt="Perbesar gambar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Electron_shell_064_Gadolinium.svg/50px-Electron_shell_064_Gadolinium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Electron_shell_064_Gadolinium.svg/75px-Electron_shell_064_Gadolinium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Electron_shell_064_Gadolinium.svg/100px-Electron_shell_064_Gadolinium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:140px;margin:0.1em;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"> 64Gd</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">Hidrogen</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium">Lithium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Berilium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">Karbon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">Oksigen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluor">Fluor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Natrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Silikon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">Fosfor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clor (halaman belum tersedia)">Clor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Potasium" class="mw-redirect" title="Potasium">Potasium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Kalsium</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Skandium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium">Chromium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mangan</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Besi</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalt">Cobalt</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Nikel</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Tembaga</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">Seng</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium">Gallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">Arsen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selen (halaman belum tersedia)">Selen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Bromin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kripton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rubidium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium">Strontium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium">Zirconium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum">Molybdenum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium">Technetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium">Ruthenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium">Palladium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver">Silver</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium">Cadmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony">Antimony</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium">Tellurium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine">Iodine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium">Caesium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Barium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium">Cerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium">Praseodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium">Neodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium">Promethium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gadolinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Terbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Holmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium">Thulium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium">Lutetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hafnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Tantalum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium">Rhenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum">Platinum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold">Gold</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury (element)</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium">Thallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead">Lead</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine">Astatine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium">Francium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium">Actinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium">Thorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium">Protactinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Neptunium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium">Americium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium">Curium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Berkelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium">Californium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Einsteinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fermium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">Nobelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium">Lawrencium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium">Rutherfordium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Dubnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Seaborgium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bohrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium">Hassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Meitnerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Darmstadtium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Roentgenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium">Copernicium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nihonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Flerovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscovium">Moscovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Livermorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessine">Tennessine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Oganesson">Oganesson</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;">– ↑ Gd ↓ <a href="/wiki/Kurium" title="Kurium">Cm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">europium</a> ← gadolinium → <a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">terbium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Templat:Navbox_unsur_diperbesar" title="Templat:Navbox unsur diperbesar">Lihat bagan navigasi yang diperbesar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">Nomor atom</a> (Z)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">64</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Golongan_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golongan (tabel periodik)">Golongan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Blok_tabel_periodik" title="Blok tabel periodik">golongan n/a</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">Periode</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)#Periode_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">periode 6</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Blok_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok (tabel periodik)">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Blok-f" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-f">blok-f</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nama_kategori_unsur_kimia#Kategori" title="Nama kategori unsur kimia">Kategori unsur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">  <a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">lantanida</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Berat_atom_standar" class="mw-redirect" title="Berat atom standar">Berat atom standar</a> (Ar)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>157,25±0,03</li><li>157,25±0,03 (diringkas)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron" title="Konfigurasi elektron">Konfigurasi elektron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">[<a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4f7 5d1 6s2 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kelopak_elektron" title="Kelopak elektron">Elektron per kelopak</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffbfff">Sifat fisik</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda">Fase</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Temperatur_dan_tekanan_standar" title="Temperatur dan tekanan standar">STS</a> (0 °C dan 101,325 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(satuan)" title="Pascal (satuan)">kPa</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Padat" title="Padat">padat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">Titik lebur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">1585 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (1312 °C, 2394 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">Titik didih</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">3273 K (3000 °C, 5432 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">Kepadatan</a> mendekati <a href="/wiki/Suhu_kamar" title="Suhu kamar">s.k.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">7,90 g/cm3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">saat cair, pada <abbr title="titik lebur">t.l.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">7,4 g/cm3 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kalor_peleburan" title="Kalor peleburan">Kalor peleburan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">10,05 <a href="/wiki/Joule_per_mol" title="Joule per mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Entalpi_penguapan" title="Entalpi penguapan">Kalor penguapan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">301,3 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kapasitas_kalor" title="Kapasitas kalor">Kapasitas kalor molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">37,03 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Tekanan_uap" title="Tekanan uap">Tekanan uap</a> (dihitung)<div style="margin:0 auto;"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Suhu (Pascal)">P</abbr> (Pa) </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>pada <abbr title="Suhu (Kelvin)">T</abbr> (K) </th> <td>1836 </td> <td>2028 </td> <td>2267 </td> <td>2573 </td> <td>2976 </td> <td>3535 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffbfff">Sifat atom</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi">Bilangan oksidasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">0,<a href="#cite_note-Cloke1993-2">[2]</a> +1, +2, +3 (oksida agak <a href="/wiki/Basa" title="Basa">basa</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas">Elektronegativitas</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">Skala Pauling: 1,20 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Energi_ionisasi" title="Energi ionisasi">Energi ionisasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">ke-1: 593,4 kJ/mol ke-2: 1170 kJ/mol ke-3: 1990 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_atom" title="Jari-jari atom">Jari-jari atom</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">empiris: 180 <a href="/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_kovalen" title="Jari-jari kovalen">Jari-jari kovalen</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">196±6 pm </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffbfff">Lain-lain</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Kelimpahan alami</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Nuklida_primordial" title="Nuklida primordial">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Struktur_kristal" title="Struktur kristal">Struktur kristal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susunan_padat_bola_serupa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susunan padat bola serupa (halaman belum tersedia)">susunan padat heksagon</a> (hcp)<div style="float:right;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hexagonal_close_packed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Struktur kristal Hexagonal close packed untuk gadolinium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/50px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/75px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/100px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="307" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_suara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan suara">Kecepatan suara</a> batang ringan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2680 m/s (suhu 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Pemuaian" title="Pemuaian">Ekspansi kalor</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">α poli: 9,4 µm/(m·K) (suhu 100 °C)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal" title="Konduktivitas termal">Konduktivitas termal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">10,6 W/(m·K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Resistivitas_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistivitas listrik">Resistivitas listrik</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">α, poli: 1,310 µΩ·m </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">Arah magnet</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Feromagnetisme" title="Feromagnetisme">feromagnetik</a>–transisi <a href="/wiki/Paramagnetisme" title="Paramagnetisme">paramagnetik</a> pada 293,4 K </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Suseptibilitas_magnetik" title="Suseptibilitas magnetik">Suseptibilitas magnetik molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">+755.000,0×10−6 cm3/mol (300,6 K)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_Young" title="Modulus Young">Modulus Young</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">bentuk α: 54,8 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_geser" title="Modulus geser">Modulus Shear</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">bentuk α: 21,8 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_kompresi" title="Modulus kompresi">Modulus curah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">bentuk α: 37,9 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Rasio_Poisson" title="Rasio Poisson">Rasio Poisson</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">bentuk α: 0,259 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Uji_kekerasan_Vickers" title="Uji kekerasan Vickers">Skala Vickers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">510–950 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_CAS" title="Nomor CAS">Nomor CAS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">7440-54-2 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffbfff">Sejarah</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Penamaan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">dari mineral <a href="/wiki/Gadolinit" title="Gadolinit">Gadolinit</a> (ia sendiri dinamai dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Gadolin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Gadolin (halaman belum tersedia)">J. Gadolin</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_unsur_kimia" title="Penemuan unsur kimia">Penemuan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Charles_Galissard_de_Marignac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (halaman belum tersedia)">J. Marignac</a> (1880)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Isolasi pertama</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul-%C3%89mile_Lecoq_de_Boisbaudran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (halaman belum tersedia)">L. Boisbaudran</a> (1886)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_gadolinium" title="Isotop gadolinium">Isotop gadolinium</a> yang utama</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan alami">Kelimpahan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">Waktu paruh</a> (t1/2) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif#Mode_peluruhan" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">Mode peluruhan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">Produk</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">148Gd </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Radioisotop_sintetis" title="Radioisotop sintetis">sintetis</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">75 thn </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_alfa" title="Peluruhan alfa">α</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium-144" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarium-144">144Sm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">150Gd </th> <td style="text-align:center;">sintetis </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,8×106 thn </td> <td>α </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium-146" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarium-146">146Sm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">152Gd </th> <td style="text-align:right;">0,20% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,08×1014 thn </td> <td>α </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium-148" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarium-148">148Sm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">154Gd </th> <td style="text-align:right">2,18% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">155Gd </th> <td style="text-align:right">14,80% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">156Gd </th> <td style="text-align:right">20,47% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">157Gd </th> <td style="text-align:right">15,65% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">158Gd </th> <td style="text-align:right">24,84% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">160Gd </th> <td style="text-align:right">21,86% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="clear:both;"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="border-top:1px dotted #ffbfff; line-height:0.7"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_gadolinium" title="Templat:Kotak info gadolinium">lihat</a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_gadolinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info gadolinium (halaman belum tersedia)">bicara</a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kotak_info_gadolinium&action=edit">sunting</a></li></ul></div>| <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" class="extiw" title="en:List of data references for chemical elements">referensi</a> | <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1832" class="extiw" title="d:Q1832">di Wikidata</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Gadolinium adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Lambang_unsur" title="Lambang unsur">lambang</a> Gd dan <a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">nomor atom</a> 64. Gadolinium adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">logam</a> berwarna putih keperakan bila oksidasi dihilangkan. Ia hanya sedikit <a href="/wiki/Keuletan_(fisika)" title="Keuletan (fisika)">lunak</a> dan merupakan <a href="/wiki/Logam_tanah_jarang" title="Logam tanah jarang">unsur tanah jarang</a> yang <a href="/wiki/Keuletan_(fisika)" title="Keuletan (fisika)">ulet</a>. Gadolinium akan bereaksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> atmosfer atau kelembapan secara perlahan untuk membentuk lapisan hitam. Gadolinium di bawah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu_Curie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suhu Curie (halaman belum tersedia)">titik Curie</a>-nya pada suhu 20 °C (68 °F) bersifat <a href="/wiki/Feromagnetisme" title="Feromagnetisme">feromagnetik</a>, dengan daya tarik medan magnet lebih tinggi daripada <a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">nikel</a>. Di atas suhu ini, ia adalah unsur yang paling <a href="/wiki/Paramagnetisme" title="Paramagnetisme">paramagnetik</a>. Ia ditemukan di alam hanya dalam bentuk teroksidasi. Ketika dipisahkan, ia biasanya mengandung pengotor tanah jarang lainnya karena sifat kimianya yang serupa. Gadolinium ditemukan pada tahun 1880 oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Charles_Galissard_de_Marignac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (halaman belum tersedia)">Jean C. de Marignac</a>, yang mendeteksi oksidanya dengan menggunakan spektroskopi. Ia dinamai dari mineral <a href="/wiki/Gadolinit" title="Gadolinit">gadolinit</a>, salah satu mineral di mana gadolinium ditemukan, ia sendiri dinamai dari kimiawan Finlandia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Gadolin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Gadolin (halaman belum tersedia)">Johan Gadolin</a>. Gadolinium murni pertama kali diisolasi oleh kimiawan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul-%C3%89mile_Lecoq_de_Boisbaudran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (halaman belum tersedia)">Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran</a> sekitar tahun 1886. Gadolinium memiliki sifat <a href="/wiki/Metalurgi" title="Metalurgi">metalurgis</a> yang tidak biasa, sampai-sampai sesedikit 1% gadolinium dapat secara signifikan meningkatkan kemampuan kerja dan ketahanan terhadap <a href="/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks">oksidasi</a> pada suhu tinggi untuk besi, <a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">kromium</a>, dan logam terkait. Gadolinium sebagai logam atau garam dapat menyerap <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> dan, oleh karena itu, kadang-kadang digunakan untuk perlindungan dalam <a href="/wiki/Radiografi" title="Radiografi">radiografi</a> neutron dan <a href="/wiki/Reaktor_nuklir" title="Reaktor nuklir">reaktor nuklir</a>. Seperti kebanyakan tanah jarang, gadolinium membentuk ion <a href="/wiki/Valensi#Trivalen" title="Valensi">trivalen</a> dengan sifat fluoresen, dan garam gadolinium(III) digunakan sebagai fosfor dalam berbagai aplikasi. Ion gadolinium(III) dalam garam yang larut dalam air sangat beracun bagi mamalia. Namun, senyawa gadolinium(III) <a href="/wiki/Pengelatan" title="Pengelatan">terkelat</a> akan mencegah gadolinium(III) terpapar pada organisme dan sebagian besar diekskresikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Ginjal" title="Ginjal">ginjal</a> yang sehat<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> sebelum dapat disimpan di jaringan. Karena sifat <a href="/wiki/Paramagnetisme" title="Paramagnetisme">paramagnetiknya</a>, larutan <a href="/wiki/Kompleks_koordinasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kompleks koordinasi">kompleks</a> gadolinium <a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">organik</a> terkelat digunakan sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agen_kontras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agen kontras (halaman belum tersedia)">agen kontras MRI berbasis gadolinium</a> yang diberikan <a href="/wiki/Infus" title="Infus">secara intravena</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Pencitraan_resonansi_magnetik" title="Pencitraan resonansi magnetik">pencitraan resonansi magnetik</a> medis. Deposit dalam jumlah bervariasi di jaringan otak, otot jantung, ginjal, organ lain, dan kulit, bergantung terutama pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ultrafiltrasi_(ginjal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ultrafiltrasi (ginjal) (halaman belum tersedia)">fungsi ginjal</a>, struktur kelat (linear atau makrosiklik), dan dosis yang diberikan. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karakteristik">Karakteristik</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Karakteristik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Karakteristik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Gadolinium-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gadolinium-2.jpg/150px-Gadolinium-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gadolinium-2.jpg/225px-Gadolinium-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gadolinium-2.jpg/300px-Gadolinium-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah sampel logam gadolinium</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sifat_fisik">Sifat fisik</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat fisik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sifat fisik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Gadolinium adalah anggota kedelapan dari <a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">deret lantanida</a>. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a>, ia muncul di antara unsur <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">europium</a> di sebelah kirinya dan <a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">terbium</a> di sebelah kanannya, serta di atas <a href="/wiki/Aktinida" title="Aktinida">aktinida</a> <a href="/wiki/Kurium" title="Kurium">kurium</a>. Ia adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Logam_tanah_jarang" title="Logam tanah jarang">unsur tanah jarang</a> yang berwarna putih keperakan, <a href="/wiki/Keuletan_(fisika)" title="Keuletan (fisika)">mudah dibentuk</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Keuletan_(fisika)" title="Keuletan (fisika)">ulet</a>. Ke-64 elektronnya tersusun dalam <a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron" title="Konfigurasi elektron">konfigurasi</a> [Xe]4f75d16s2, dengan ke-10 elektron 4f, 5d, dan 6s adalah elektron <a href="/wiki/Elektron_valensi" title="Elektron valensi">valensi</a>. Seperti kebanyakan logam lain dalam deret lantanida, tiga elektron biasanya tersedia sebagai elektron valensi. Elektron 4f yang tersisa terikat terlalu kuat: ini dikarenakan orbital 4f menembus paling banyak melalui inti elektron xenon yang lengai ke nukleus, diikuti oleh 5d dan 6s, dan ini meningkat dengan muatan ionik yang lebih tinggi. Gadolinium mengkristal dalam bentuk-α <a href="/wiki/Keluarga_kristal_heksagon" class="mw-redirect" title="Keluarga kristal heksagon">padat heksagon</a> pada suhu kamar. Pada suhu di atas 1.235 °C (2.255 °F), ia membentuk atau bertransformasi menjadi bentuk-β, yang memiliki struktur <a href="/wiki/Sistem_kristal_kubik" title="Sistem kristal kubik">kubus berpusat-badan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> gadolinium-157 memiliki penampang lintang <a href="/wiki/Tangkapan_neutron" title="Tangkapan neutron">penangkapan</a> <a href="/wiki/Suhu_neutron#Termal" title="Suhu neutron">neutron termal</a> tertinggi di antara nuklida stabil mana pun: sekitar 259.000 <a href="/wiki/Barn_(satuan)" title="Barn (satuan)">barn</a>. Hanya <a href="/wiki/Xenon-135" title="Xenon-135">xenon-135</a> yang memiliki penampang lintang penangkapan lebih tinggi, sekitar 2,0 juta barn, tetapi isotop ini bersifat <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">radioaktif</a>.<a href="#cite_note-barn-6">[6]</a> Gadolinium diyakini bersifat <a href="/wiki/Feromagnetisme" title="Feromagnetisme">feromagnetik</a> pada suhu di bawah 20 °C (68 °F)<a href="#cite_note-CRC2-7">[7]</a> dan sangat bersifat <a href="/wiki/Paramagnetisme" title="Paramagnetisme">paramagnetik</a> di atas suhu tersebut. Terdapat bukti bahwa gadolinium bersifat antiferomagnetik heliks, bukan feromagnetik, di bawah suhu 20 °C (68 °F).<a href="#cite_note-CoeySkumryev1999-8">[8]</a> Gadolinium menunjukkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_magnetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendinginan magnetik (halaman belum tersedia)">efek magnetokalorik</a> di mana suhunya akan meningkat ketika memasuki medan magnet dan menurun ketika meninggalkan medan magnet. Efek magnetokalorik yang signifikan diamati pada suhu yang lebih tinggi, hingga sekitar 300 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>, dalam senyawa Gd5(Si1-xGex)4.<a href="#cite_note-r27-9">[9]</a> Atom gadolinium individual dapat diisolasi dengan membungkusnya menjadi molekul <a href="/wiki/Fulerena" title="Fulerena">fulerena</a>, di mana mereka dapat divisualisasikan dengan <a href="/wiki/Mikroskop_transmisi_elektron" title="Mikroskop transmisi elektron">mikroskop transmisi elektron</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Atom Gd individual dan gugus Gd kecil dapat dimasukkan ke dalam <a href="/wiki/Tabung_nano_karbon" title="Tabung nano karbon">tabung nano karbon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sifat_kimia">Sifat kimia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat kimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sifat kimia">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="rellink">Lihat pula Kategori: <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Senyawa_gadolinium" title="Kategori:Senyawa gadolinium">Senyawa gadolinium</a></div> Gadolinium bergabung dengan sebagian besar unsur untuk membentuk turunan Gd(III). Ia juga bergabung dengan nitrogen, karbon, belerang, fosforus, boron, selenium, silikon, dan <a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">arsen</a> pada suhu tinggi, membentuk senyawa biner.<a href="#cite_note-Wiberg-12">[12]</a> Berbeda dengan unsur tanah jarang lainnya, logam gadolinium relatif stabil di udara kering. Namun, ia dengan cepat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noda_(kimia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noda (kimia) (halaman belum tersedia)">ternoda</a> di udara lembap, membentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium(III)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium(III) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">gadolinium(III) oksida</a> (Gd2O3) yang melekat longgar: <dl><dd>4 Gd + 3 O2 → 2 Gd2O3,</dd></dl> yang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spal (halaman belum tersedia)">lepas</a>, mengekspos lebih banyak permukaan pada oksidasi. Gadolinium adalah <a href="/wiki/Reduktor" title="Reduktor">zat pereduksi</a> kuat, yang mereduksi oksida beberapa logam menjadi unsur-unsurnya. Gadolinium cukup <a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitas#Elektropositivitas" title="Elektronegativitas">elektropositif</a> dan bereaksi lambat dengan air dingin dan cukup cepat dengan air panas untuk membentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium(III)_hidroksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">gadolinium(III) hidroksida</a> (Gd(OH)3): <dl><dd>2 Gd + 6 H2O → 2 Gd(OH)3 + 3 H2.</dd></dl> Logam gadolinium mudah diserang oleh <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">asam sulfat</a> encer untuk membentuk larutan yang mengandung ion Gd(III) tak berwarna, yang eksis sebagai kompleks [Gd(H2O)9]3+:<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <dl><dd>2 Gd + 3 H2SO4 + 18 H2O → 2 [Gd(H2O)9]3+ + 3 SO2−4 + 3 H2.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Senyawa_kimia">Senyawa kimia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Senyawa kimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senyawa kimia">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Di sebagian besar senyawanya, seperti banyak <a href="/wiki/Logam_tanah_jarang" title="Logam tanah jarang">logam tanah jarang</a>, gadolinium memiliki <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi">keadaan oksidasi</a> +3. Namun, gadolinium dapat ditemukan pada kesempatan langka dalam keadaan oksidasi 0, +1 dan +2. Keempat trihalida telah diketahui. Semuanya berwarna putih, kecuali iodida yang berwarna kuning. Halida yang paling sering dijumpai adalah <a href="/wiki/Gadolinium(III)_klorida" title="Gadolinium(III) klorida">gadolinium(III) klorida</a> (GdCl3). Oksidanya larut dalam asam menghasilkan garamnya, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium(III)_nitrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium(III) nitrat (halaman belum tersedia)">gadolinium(III) nitrat</a>. Gadolinium(III), seperti kebanyakan ion lantanida, membentuk <a href="/wiki/Kompleks_koordinasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kompleks koordinasi">kompleks</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_koordinasi" title="Bilangan koordinasi">bilangan koordinasi</a> tinggi. Kecenderungan ini diilustrasikan dengan penggunaan agen pengelat <a href="/w/index.php?title=DOTA_(pengelat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DOTA (pengelat) (halaman belum tersedia)">DOTA</a>, sebuah ligan okta<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dentisitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dentisitas (halaman belum tersedia)">dentat</a>. Garam [Gd(DOTA)]− berguna dalam <a href="/wiki/Pencitraan_resonansi_magnetik" title="Pencitraan resonansi magnetik">pencitraan resonansi magnetik</a>. Berbagai kompleks kelat terkait telah dikembangkan, termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadodiamida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadodiamida (halaman belum tersedia)">gadodiamida</a>. Senyawa gadolinium tereduksi diketahui, terutama dalam keadaan padat. Gadolinium(II) halida diperoleh dengan memanaskan Gd(III) halida dengan adanya logam Gd dalam wadah <a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">tantalum</a>. Gadolinium juga membentuk sesquiklorida Gd2Cl3, yang selanjutnya dapat direduksi menjadi GdCl melalui penganilan pada suhu 800 °C (1.470 °F). Gadolinium(I) klorida ini membentuk kepingan dengan struktur seperti grafit berlapis.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotopes">Isotopes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Isotopes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Isotopes">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Isotop_gadolinium" title="Isotop gadolinium">Isotop gadolinium</a></div> Gadolinium alami terdiri dari enam <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a> stabil, 154Gd, 155Gd, 156Gd, 157Gd, 158Gd dan 160Gd, serta satu <a href="/wiki/Radionuklida" title="Radionuklida">radioisotop</a>, 152Gd, dengan isotop 158Gd menjadi yang paling melimpah (24,8% <a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami_unsur" title="Kelimpahan alami unsur">kelimpahan alami</a>). Peluruhan beta ganda yang diprediksi dari 160Gd tidak pernah teramati (batas bawah eksperimental pada <a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">waktu paruhnya</a> yang lebih dari 1,3×1021 tahun telah diukur<a href="#cite_note-DBD-15">[15]</a>). 33 radioisotop gadolinium telah diamati, dengan yang paling stabil adalah 152Gd (terjadi secara alami), dengan waktu paruh sekitar 1,08×1014 tahun, dan 150Gd, dengan waktu paruh 1,79×106 tahun. Semua isotop radioaktif yang tersisa memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari 75 tahun. Sebagian besar memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari 25 detik. Isotop gadolinium memiliki empat <a href="/wiki/Isomer_nuklir" title="Isomer nuklir">isomer</a> metastabil, dengan yang paling stabil adalah 143mGd (t1/2= 110 detik), 145mGd (t1/2= 85 detik) dan 141mGd (t1/2= 24,5 detik). Isotop dengan <a href="/wiki/Massa_atom" title="Massa atom">massa atom</a> lebih rendah dari isotop stabil yang paling melimpah, 158Gd, meluruh terutama melalui <a href="/wiki/Tangkapan_elektron" title="Tangkapan elektron">penangkapan elektron</a> menjadi isotop <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">europium</a>. Pada massa atom yang lebih tinggi, <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif#Mode_peluruhan" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">mode peluruhan</a> utamanya adalah <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_beta" title="Peluruhan beta">peluruhan beta</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">produk</a> utamanya adalah isotop <a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">terbium</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Gadolinium dinamai dari mineral <a href="/wiki/Gadolinit" title="Gadolinit">gadolinit</a>, yang pada gilirannya dinamai dari <a href="/wiki/Kimiawan" title="Kimiawan">ahli kimia</a> dan geologi Finlandia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Gadolin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Gadolin (halaman belum tersedia)">Johan Gadolin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-5">[5]</a> Pada tahun 1880, kimiawan Swiss <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Charles_Galissard_de_Marignac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (halaman belum tersedia)">Jean G. de Marignac</a> mengamati garis spektroskopi dari gadolinium dalam sampel gadolinit (yang sebenarnya mengandung gadolinium yang relatif sedikit, tetapi cukup untuk menunjukkan spektrum) dalam mineral yang terpisah, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serit (halaman belum tersedia)">serit</a>. Mineral terakhir terbukti mengandung jauh lebih banyak unsur ini dengan garis spektrum baru. De Marignac akhirnya memisahkan sebuah oksida mineral dari serit, yang dia sadari merupakan oksida dari unsur baru ini. Dia menamai oksida itu "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium(III)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium(III) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">gadolinia</a>". Karena dia menyadari bahwa "gadolinia" adalah oksida dari unsur baru ini, dia dikreditkan dengan penemuan gadolinium. Kimiawan Prancis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul-%C3%89mile_Lecoq_de_Boisbaudran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (halaman belum tersedia)">Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran</a> melakukan pemisahan logam gadolinium dari gadolinia pada tahun 1886.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Virginia-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weeks-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-XVI-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keterjadian">Keterjadian</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Keterjadian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keterjadian">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Gadolinitas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Gadolinitas.jpg/220px-Gadolinitas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Gadolinitas.jpg/330px-Gadolinitas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Gadolinitas.jpg/440px-Gadolinitas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Gadolinit</figcaption></figure> Gadolinium adalah konstituen dalam banyak mineral seperti <a href="/wiki/Monasit" title="Monasit">monasit</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastn%C3%A4sit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bastnäsit (halaman belum tersedia)">bastnäsit</a>. Logam ini terlalu reaktif untuk eksis secara alami. Secara paradoks, seperti disebutkan di atas, mineral <a href="/wiki/Gadolinit" title="Gadolinit">gadolinit</a> sebenarnya hanya mengandung sedikit unsur ini. Kelimpahannya di kerak Bumi ialah sekitar 6,2  mg/kg.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-5">[5]</a> Area pertambangan utama berada di Tiongkok, Amerika Serikat, Brasil, Sri Lanka, India, dan Australia dengan cadangan diperkirakan melebihi satu juta ton. Produksi gadolinium murni dunia adalah sekitar 400 ton per tahun. Satu-satunya mineral yang dikenal dengan gadolinium esensial, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lepersonit-(Gd)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lepersonit-(Gd) (halaman belum tersedia)">lepersonit-(Gd)</a>, sangatlah langka.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produksi">Produksi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Produksi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Produksi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Gadolinium diproduksi baik dari monasit maupun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastn%C3%A4sit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bastnäsit (halaman belum tersedia)">bastnäsit</a>. <ol><li>Mineral yang dihancurkan diekstraksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Asam_klorida" title="Asam klorida">asam klorida</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">asam sulfat</a>, yang mengubah oksida yang tidak larut menjadi klorida atau sulfat yang larut.</li> <li>Filtrat asam dinetralkan sebagian dengan <a href="/wiki/Natrium_hidroksida" title="Natrium hidroksida">soda kaustik</a> hingga pH 3–4. <a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Torium</a> mengendap sebagai hidroksidanya, dan kemudian dihilangkan.</li> <li>Larutan yang tersisa diolah dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amonium_oksalat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amonium oksalat (halaman belum tersedia)">amonium oksalat</a> untuk mengubah tanah jarang menjadi <a href="/wiki/Oksalat" title="Oksalat">oksalat</a> yang tidak larut. Oksalat tersebut diubah menjadi oksida melalui pemanasan.</li> <li>Oksida tersebut dilarutkan dalam asam nitrat yang mengecualikan salah satu komponen utama, <a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">serium</a>, yang oksidanya tidak larut dalam HNO3.</li> <li>Larutannya diolah dengan <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_nitrat" title="Magnesium nitrat">magnesium nitrat</a> untuk menghasilkan campuran <a href="/wiki/Garam_ganda" title="Garam ganda">garam ganda</a> gadolinium, <a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">samarium</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">europium</a> yang mengkristal.</li> <li>Garam tersebut dipisahkan melalui kromatografi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertukaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertukaran (halaman belum tersedia)">penukar ion</a>.</li> <li>Ion tanah jarang kemudian dicuci secara selektif oleh zat pengompleks yang sesuai.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-5">[5]</a></li></ol> Logam gadolinium diperoleh dari oksida atau garamnya dengan memanaskannya dengan <a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">kalsium</a> pada suhu 1.450 °C (2.640 °F) dalam atmosfer argon. Spons gadolinium dapat diproduksi dengan mereduksi GdCl3 cair dengan logam yang sesuai pada suhu di bawah 1.312 °C (2.394 °F) (titik lebur Gd) pada tekanan rendah.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplikasi">Aplikasi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Gadolinium tidak memiliki aplikasi skala besar, tetapi memiliki berbagai kegunaan khusus. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penyerap_neutron">Penyerap neutron</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Penyerap neutron" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penyerap neutron">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Karena gadolinium memiliki penampang lintang neutron yang tinggi, gadolinium efektif untuk digunakan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pencitraan_neutron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pencitraan neutron (halaman belum tersedia)">radiografi neutron</a> dan pelindung <a href="/wiki/Reaktor_nuklir" title="Reaktor nuklir">reaktor nuklir</a>. Ia digunakan sebagai tindakan penutupan darurat sekunder pada beberapa reaktor nuklir, khususnya tipe <a href="/wiki/Reaktor_CANDU" title="Reaktor CANDU">reaktor CANDU</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-5">[5]</a> Gadolinium digunakan dalam sistem <a href="/wiki/Propulsi_kelautan_nuklir" title="Propulsi kelautan nuklir">propulsi kelautan nuklir</a> sebagai <a href="/wiki/Racun_neutron#Racun_yang_bisa_dibakar" title="Racun neutron">racun yang dapat dibakar</a>. Gadolinium-157 digunakan untuk menargetkan tumor dalam terapi neutron.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paduan">Paduan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Paduan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Paduan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Gadolinium memiliki sifat <a href="/wiki/Metalurgi" title="Metalurgi">metalurgi</a> yang tidak biasa, dengan sedikitnya 1% gadolinium dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kerja dan ketahanan besi, <a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">kromium</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Logam_paduan" title="Logam paduan">paduan</a> terkait terhadap suhu tinggi dan <a href="/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks">oksidasi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agen_kontras_magnetik">Agen kontras magnetik</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Agen kontras magnetik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Agen kontras magnetik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Gadolinium bersifat <a href="/wiki/Paramagnetisme" title="Paramagnetisme">paramagnetik</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Suhu_kamar" title="Suhu kamar">suhu kamar</a>, dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu_Curie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suhu Curie (halaman belum tersedia)">titik Curie feromagnetik</a> 20 °C (68 °F).<a href="#cite_note-CRC2-7">[7]</a> Ion paramagnetik, seperti gadolinium, akan meningkatkan tingkat relaksasi <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_kuantum_spin#Spin_inti" title="Bilangan kuantum spin">spin inti</a>, membuat gadolinium berguna sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agen_kontras_MRI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agen kontras MRI (halaman belum tersedia)">agen kontras</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/Pencitraan_resonansi_magnetik" title="Pencitraan resonansi magnetik">pencitraan resonansi magnetik</a> (MRI). Larutan <a href="/wiki/Kompleks_koordinasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kompleks koordinasi">kompleks</a> gadolinium dan senyawa gadolinium <a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">organik</a> digunakan sebagai agen kontras <a href="/wiki/Infus" title="Infus">intravena</a> untuk meningkatkan citra dalam prosedur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angiografi_resonansi_magnetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angiografi resonansi magnetik (halaman belum tersedia)">angiografi resonansi magnetik</a> (MRA) dan medis. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_gadopentetat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam gadopentetat (halaman belum tersedia)">Magnevist</a> adalah contoh yang paling luas.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Tabung nano yang dikemas dengan gadolinium, yang disebut "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabung_nano_gadolinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabung nano gadolinium (halaman belum tersedia)">tabung nano gadolinium</a>", 40 kali lebih efektif daripada agen kontras gadolinium biasa.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Agen kontras berbasis gadolinium tradisional tidak ditargetkan, umumnya didistribusikan ke seluruh tubuh setelah injeksi, tetapi tidak akan melewati <a href="/wiki/Sawar_darah_otak" title="Sawar darah otak">sawar darah–otak</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tumor_otak" title="Tumor otak">Tumor otak</a>, dan gangguan lain yang menurunkan kualitas sawar <a href="/wiki/Sawar_darah_otak" title="Sawar darah otak">darah–otak</a>, memungkinkan agen ini menembus ke dalam otak dan memfasilitasi pendeteksiannya melalui <a href="/wiki/Pencitraan_resonansi_magnetik" title="Pencitraan resonansi magnetik">MRI</a> yang ditingkatkan kontrasnya. Demikian pula, <a href="/w/index.php?title=DGEMRIC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DGEMRIC (halaman belum tersedia)">pencitraan resonansi magnetik kartilago yang ditingkatkan gadolinium tertunda</a> menggunakan sebuah agen <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_ionik" title="Senyawa ionik">senyawa ionik</a>, awalnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_gadopentetat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam gadopentetat (halaman belum tersedia)">Magnevist</a>, yang dikeluarkan dari <a href="/wiki/Tulang_rawan" title="Tulang rawan">kartilago</a> sehat berdasarkan <a href="/wiki/Elektrostatika" title="Elektrostatika">tolakan elektrostatik</a> tetapi akan memasuki kartilago yang kekurangan <a href="/wiki/Proteoglikan" title="Proteoglikan">proteoglikan</a> pada penyakit seperti <a href="/wiki/Osteoartritis" title="Osteoartritis">osteoartritis</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fosfor">Fosfor</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Fosfor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fosfor">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Gadolinium digunakan sebagai fosfor dalam pencitraan medis. Ia terkandung dalam lapisan fosfor detektor <a href="/wiki/Sinar-X" title="Sinar-X">sinar-X</a>, tersuspensi dalam matriks polimer. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium_oksisulfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium oksisulfida (halaman belum tersedia)">Gadolinium oksisulfida</a> yang <a href="/wiki/Doping_(semikonduktor)" title="Doping (semikonduktor)">didoping</a> <a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">terbium</a> (Gd2O2S:Tb) pada lapisan fosfor akan mengubah sinar-X yang dilepaskan dari sumber menjadi cahaya. Bahan ini memancarkan sinar hijau pada 540 nm karena adanya Tb3+, yang sangat berguna untuk meningkatkan kualitas pencitraan. Konversi energi Gd mencapai 20%, yang berarti bahwa seperlima dari energi sinar-X yang menumbuk lapisan fosfor dapat diubah menjadi foton kasatmata.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a>] Gadolinium oksiortosilikat (Gd2SiO5, GSO; biasanya didoping dengan 0,1–1,0% of <a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">Ce</a>) adalah sebuah kristal tunggal yang digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Sintilator" title="Sintilator">sintilator</a> dalam pencitraan medis seperti <a href="/wiki/Tomografi_emisi_positron" title="Tomografi emisi positron">tomografi emisi positron</a>, dan untuk mendeteksi neutron.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Senyawa gadolinium juga digunakan untuk membuat <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a> hijau untuk tabung TV berwarna.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pemancar_sinar_gama">Pemancar sinar gama</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Pemancar sinar gama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pemancar sinar gama">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Gadolinium-153 diproduksi dalam reaktor nuklir dari target <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">europium</a> elemental atau gadolinium yang diperkaya. Ia memiliki waktu paruh 240±10 hari dan memancarkan <a href="/wiki/Sinar_gama" title="Sinar gama">radiasi gama</a> dengan puncak kuat pada 41 keV dan 102 keV. Ia digunakan dalam banyak aplikasi jaminan kualitas, seperti sumber garis dan fantom kalibrasi, untuk memastikan bahwa sistem pencitraan kedokteran nuklir beroperasi dengan benar dan menghasilkan citra distribusi radioisotop yang bermanfaat di dalam tubuh pasien.<a href="#cite_note-gd153-28">[28]</a> Ia juga digunakan sebagai sumber sinar gama dalam pengukuran penyerapan sinar-X dan <a href="/wiki/Absorptimetri" title="Absorptimetri">pengukur kepadatan tulang</a> untuk skrining <a href="/wiki/Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">osteoporosis</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perangkat_elektronik_dan_optis">Perangkat elektronik dan optis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Perangkat elektronik dan optis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perangkat elektronik dan optis">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Gadolinium digunakan untuk membuat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garnet_itrium_aluminium_yang_didoping_gadolinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garnet itrium aluminium yang didoping gadolinium (halaman belum tersedia)">garnet gadolinium itrium</a> (Gd:Y3Al5O12), yang memiliki aplikasi <a href="/wiki/Gelombang_mikro" title="Gelombang mikro">gelombang mikro</a> dan digunakan dalam pembuatan berbagai komponen optis dan sebagai bahan substrat untuk film magneto-optis.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elektrolit_dalam_sel_bahan_bakar">Elektrolit dalam sel bahan bakar</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Elektrolit dalam sel bahan bakar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Elektrolit dalam sel bahan bakar">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Gadolinium juga dapat berfungsi sebagai <a href="/wiki/Elektrolit" title="Elektrolit">elektrolit</a> dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sel_bahan_bakar_oksida_padat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sel bahan bakar oksida padat (halaman belum tersedia)">sel bahan bakar oksida padat</a> (SOFC). Menggunakan gadolinium sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dopan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dopan (halaman belum tersedia)">dopan</a> untuk beberapa bahan seperti <a href="/wiki/Serium(IV)_oksida" title="Serium(IV) oksida">serium oksida</a> (dalam bentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seria_yang_didoping_gadolinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seria yang didoping gadolinium (halaman belum tersedia)">seria yang didoping gadolinium</a>) akan menghasilkan elektrolit yang memiliki <a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_ionik" title="Konduktivitas ionik">konduktivitas ionik</a> tinggi dan suhu operasi rendah. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pendinginan_magnetik">Pendinginan magnetik</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Pendinginan magnetik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pendinginan magnetik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Penelitian sedang dilakukan pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendinginan_magnetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendinginan magnetik (halaman belum tersedia)">pendinginan magnetik</a> di dekat suhu kamar, yang dapat memberikan efisiensi dan keuntungan lingkungan yang signifikan dibandingkan metode pendinginan konvensional. Bahan berbasis gadolinium, seperti Gd5(SixGe1−x)4, saat ini merupakan bahan yang paling menjanjikan, karena suhu Curie mereka yang tinggi dan efek magnetokalorik mereka yang sangat besar. Gd murni itu sendiri menunjukkan efek magnetokalorik yang besar di dekat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu_Curie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suhu Curie (halaman belum tersedia)">suhu Curie</a> pada 20 °C (68 °F), dan ini telah memicu minat untuk memproduksi paduan Gd yang memiliki efek lebih besar dan suhu Curie yang dapat diatur. Dalam Gd5(SixGe1−x)4, komposisi Si dan Ge dapat divariasikan untuk menyesuaikan suhu Curie.<a href="#cite_note-r27-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Superkonduktor">Superkonduktor</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Superkonduktor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Superkonduktor">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Gadolinium barium tembaga oksida (GdBCO) adalah sebuah superkonduktor<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> dengan aplikasi pada motor atau generator superkonduktor seperti pada turbin angin.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Ia dapat diproduksi dengan cara yang sama seperti superkonduktor kuprat suhu tinggi yang paling banyak diteliti, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium_barium_tembaga_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium barium tembaga oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">itrium barium tembaga oksida</a> (YBCO) dan menggunakan komposisi kimia analog (GdBa2Cu3O7−δ).<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Ia digunakan pada tahun 2014 untuk mencetak rekor dunia baru untuk medan magnet terperangkap tertinggi dalam <a href="/wiki/Superkonduktivitas_suhu-tinggi" title="Superkonduktivitas suhu-tinggi">superkonduktivitas suhu tinggi</a> curah, dengan medan sebesar 17,6 T terperangkap dalam dua curah GdBCO.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aplikasi_sebelumnya">Aplikasi sebelumnya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi sebelumnya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi sebelumnya">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Gadolinium digunakan untuk deteksi <a href="/wiki/Neutrino#Antineutrino" title="Neutrino">antineutrino</a> pada detektor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Super-Kamiokande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Super-Kamiokande (halaman belum tersedia)">Super-Kamiokande</a> Jepang untuk merasakan ledakan <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a>. Neutron berenergi rendah yang muncul dari penyerapan antineutrino oleh proton dalam air ultramurni detektor ditangkap oleh inti gadolinium, yang kemudian memancarkan <a href="/wiki/Sinar_gama" title="Sinar gama">sinar gama</a> yang terdeteksi sebagai bagian dari jejak antineutrino.<a href="#cite_note-Abe_2022-37">[37]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garnet_gadolinium_gallium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garnet gadolinium gallium (halaman belum tersedia)">Garnet gadolinium gallium</a> (GGG, Gd3Ga5O12) digunakan untuk intan imitasi dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Memori_gelembung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memori gelembung (halaman belum tersedia)">memori gelembung</a> komputer.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keamanan">Keamanan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Keamanan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keamanan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agen_kontras_MRI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agen kontras MRI (halaman belum tersedia)">Agen kontras MRI</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fibrosis_sistemik_nefrogenik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fibrosis sistemik nefrogenik (halaman belum tersedia)">Fibrosis sistemik nefrogenik</a></div> <table class="infobox bordered" style="border-collapse:collapse; width:22em; text-align:left; ;"> <caption style="text-align:center;">Gadolinium </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Bahaya </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Piktogram_bahaya_GHS" title="Piktogram bahaya GHS">Piktogram GHS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkas:GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS02: Mudah terbakar"><img alt="GHS02: Mudah terbakar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sistem_Harmonisasi_Global_Klasifikasi_dan_Label_pada_Bahan_Kimia" title="Sistem Harmonisasi Global Klasifikasi dan Label pada Bahan Kimia">Keterangan bahaya GHS</a> </td> <td>{{{value}}} </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pernyataan_bahaya_GHS" title="Pernyataan bahaya GHS">Pernyataan bahaya GHS</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="In contact with water releases flammable gas">H261</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Langkah_perlindungan_GHS" title="Langkah perlindungan GHS">Langkah perlindungan GHS</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture">P231+232</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Store contents under …">P422</abbr><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> Sebagai ion bebas, gadolinium sering dilaporkan sangat beracun, tetapi agen kontras MRI adalah senyawa <a href="/wiki/Pengelatan" title="Pengelatan">terkelat</a> dan dianggap cukup aman untuk digunakan pada kebanyakan orang. Toksisitas ion gadolinium bebas pada hewan disebabkan oleh gangguan sejumlah proses yang bergantung pada saluran ion kalsium. <a href="/wiki/Median_dosis_letal" title="Median dosis letal">Dosis letal 50%</a>-nya adalah sekitar 0,34 mmol/kg (IV, tikus)<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> atau 100–200 mg/kg. Studi toksisitas pada hewan pengerat menunjukkan bahwa pengelatan gadolinium (yang juga meningkatkan kelarutannya) akan menurunkan toksisitasnya sehubungan dengan ion bebas dengan faktor 31 (yaitu, dosis letal untuk kelat-Gd meningkat 31 kali).<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Oleh karena itu, diyakini bahwa toksisitas klinis agen kontras berbasis gadolinium (GBCA<a href="#cite_note-GDD-44">[44]</a>) pada manusia akan bergantung pada kekuatan agen pengelat; namun penelitian ini masih belum lengkap.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hindari_pernyataan_yang_akan_cepat_usang" title="Wikipedia:Hindari pernyataan yang akan cepat usang">per kapan?</a>] Sekitar selusin agen terkelat-Gd yang berbeda telah disetujui sebagai agen kontras MRI di seluruh dunia.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gray-47">[47]</a> Pada pasien dengan gagal ginjal, terdapat risiko penyakit langka namun serius yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fibrosis_sistemik_nefrogenik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fibrosis sistemik nefrogenik (halaman belum tersedia)">fibrosis sistemik nefrogenik</a> (NSF)<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> yang disebabkan oleh penggunaan agen kontras berbasis gadolinium. Penyakit ini menyerupai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skleromiksedema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skleromiksedema (halaman belum tersedia)">skleromiksedema</a> dan, hingga batas tertentu, <a href="/wiki/Skleroderma" title="Skleroderma">skleroderma</a>. Ia dapat terjadi berbulan-bulan setelah agen kontras disuntikkan. Keterkaitannya dengan gadolinium dan bukan molekul pembawa dikonfirmasi oleh kemunculannya dengan berbagai bahan kontras di mana gadolinium dibawa oleh molekul pembawa yang sangat berbeda. Oleh karena itu, tidak dianjurkan untuk menggunakan agen ini untuk setiap individu dengan gagal ginjal stadium akhir karena mereka memerlukan dialisis darurat. Gejala serupa tetapi tidak identik dengan NSF dapat terjadi pada subjek dengan fungsi ginjal normal atau hampir normal dalam beberapa jam hingga 2 bulan setelah pemberian GBCA; nama "penyakit deposisi gadolinium" (GDD) telah diusulkan untuk kondisi ini, yang terjadi tanpa adanya penyakit yang sudah ada sebelumnya atau penyakit yang berkembang selanjutnya dari proses alternatif yang telah diketahui. Sebuah penelitian tahun 2016 melaporkan banyak kasus anekdot GDD.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Namun, dalam penelitian tersebut, para peserta direkrut dari kelompok pendukung daring untuk subjek yang mengidentifikasi diri mereka memiliki toksisitas gadolinium, dan tidak ada riwayat medis atau data yang relevan yang dikumpulkan. Belum ada penelitian ilmiah definitif yang membuktikan keberadaan kondisi tersebut. Yang termasuk dalam pedoman saat ini dari Asosiasi Radiolog Kanada<a href="#cite_note-CARguidelines-50">[50]</a> adalah bahwa pasien dialisis hanya boleh menerima agen gadolinium jika diperlukan dan mereka harus menerima dialisis setelah pemeriksaan. Jika MRI dengan kontras yang ditingkatkan harus dilakukan pada pasien dialisis, dianjurkan bahwa agen kontras berisiko tinggi tertentu untuk dihindari tetapi tidak mempertimbangkan dosis yang lebih rendah.<a href="#cite_note-CARguidelines-50">[50]</a> Kolese Radiologi Amerika merekomendasikan agar pemeriksaan MRI dengan kontras dilakukan sedekat mungkin sebelum dialisis sebagai bentuk tindakan pencegahan, meskipun hal ini belum terbukti mengurangi kemungkinan berkembangnya NSF.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> FDA merekomendasikan agar potensi retensi gadolinium dipertimbangkan saat memilih jenis GBCA yang digunakan pada pasien yang membutuhkan dosis ganda seumur hidup, wanita hamil, anak-anak, dan pasien dengan kondisi peradangan.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anafilaksis#Klasifikasi" title="Anafilaksis">Reaksi anafilaktoid</a> jarang terjadi, dan terjadi pada sekitar 0,03–0,1%.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Dampak lingkungan jangka panjang dari kontaminasi gadolinium akibat penggunaan manusia merupakan topik penelitian yang sedang berlangsung.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kegunaan_biologis">Kegunaan biologis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Kegunaan biologis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kegunaan biologis">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Gadolinium tidak memiliki peran biologis asli yang diketahui, tetapi senyawanya digunakan sebagai alat penelitian dalam biomedis. Senyawa Gd3+ merupakan komponen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agen_kontras_MRI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agen kontras MRI (halaman belum tersedia)">agen kontras MRI</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Ia digunakan dalam berbagai percobaan elektrofisiologi <a href="/wiki/Saluran_ion" title="Saluran ion">saluran ion</a> untuk memblokir saluran kebocoran natrium dan meregangkan saluran ion yang diaktifkan.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Gadolinium baru-baru ini telah digunakan untuk mengukur jarak antara dua titik dalam protein melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resonansi_paramagnetik_elektron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resonansi paramagnetik elektron (halaman belum tersedia)">resonansi paramagnetik elektron</a>, sesuatu yang gadolinium dapat diterima berkat sensitivitas EPR pada frekuensi pita-w (95 GHz).<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> (Indonesia) <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/gadolinium">"Gadolinium"</a>. KBBI Daring. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KBBI+Daring&rft.atitle=Gadolinium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkbbi.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fentri%2Fgadolinium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Cloke1993-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Cloke1993_2-0">^</a> Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see <cite class="citation journal">Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FCS9932200017">10.1039/CS9932200017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chem.+Soc.+Rev.&rft.atitle=Zero+Oxidation+State+Compounds+of+Scandium%2C+Yttrium%2C+and+the+Lanthanides&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=17-24&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2FCS9932200017&rft.aulast=Cloke&rft.aufirst=F.+Geoffrey+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  and <cite class="citation journal">Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jorganchem.2003.08.028">10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Organometallic+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Arene+complexation+of+Sm%2C+Eu%2C+Tm+and+Yb+atoms%3A+a+variable+temperature+spectroscopic+investigation&rft.volume=688&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=49-55&rft.date=2003-12-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jorganchem.2003.08.028&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Polly+L.&rft.au=Petrukhina%2C+Marina+A.&rft.au=Bochenkov%2C+Vladimir+E.&rft.au=Shabatina%2C+Tatyana+I.&rft.au=Zagorskii%2C+Vyacheslav+V.&rft.au=Cloke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. hlm. E110. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0464-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0464-4">0-8493-0464-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC%2C+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pages=E110&rft.pub=Chemical+Rubber+Company+Publishing&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8493-0464-4&rft.aulast=Weast&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Donnelly, L., Nelson, R. Renal excretion of gadolinium mimicking calculi on non-contrast CT. Pediatric Radiology 28, 417 (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s002470050374">https://doi.org/10.1007/s002470050374</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230727042929/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s002470050374">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-07-27 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_5-5">f</a> <cite id="CITEREFGreenwood,_Norman_N.;_Earnshaw,_A.1997" class="citation">Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997), Chemistry of the Elements (edisi ke-2), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7506-3365-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7506-3365-4">0-7506-3365-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7506-3365-4&rft.au=Greenwood%2C+Norman+N.%3B+Earnshaw%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-barn-6"><a href="#cite_ref-barn_6-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncnr.nist.gov/resources/n-lengths/elements/gd.html">"Gadolinium"</a>. Neutron News. 3 (3): 29. 1992. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210429130456/https://www.ncnr.nist.gov/resources/n-lengths/elements/gd.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-04-29. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neutron+News&rft.atitle=Gadolinium&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=29&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncnr.nist.gov%2Fresources%2Fn-lengths%2Felements%2Fgd.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC2-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2_7-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (edisi ke-86). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. hlm. 4.122. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0486-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0486-5">0-8493-0486-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton+%28FL%29&rft.pages=4.122&rft.edition=86&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8493-0486-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CoeySkumryev1999-8"><a href="#cite_ref-CoeySkumryev1999_8-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Coey JM, Skumryev V, Gallagher K (1999). "Rare-earth metals: Is gadolinium really ferromagnetic?". 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teknik.uu.se/ftf/education/magnetmatr/Projektreferenser/MCE_Reports_Progress05.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 9 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reports+on+Progress+in+Physics&rft.atitle=Recent+Developments+in+Magnetocaloric+Materials&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1479&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0034-4885%2F68%2F6%2FR04&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005RPPh...68.1479G&rft.au=Gschneidner%2C+K.&rft.au=Pecharsky%2C+V.&rft.au=Tsokol%2C+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teknik.uu.se%2Fftf%2Feducation%2Fmagnetmatr%2FProjektreferenser%2FMCE_Reports_Progress05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Suenaga, Kazu; Taniguchi, Risa; Shimada, Takashi; Okazaki, Toshiya; Shinohara, Hisanori; Iijima, Sumio (2003). 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Bioconjugate Chemistry. 16 (1): 3–8. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fbc049817y">10.1021/bc049817y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15656568">15656568</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioconjugate+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Next+generation%2C+high+relaxivity+gadolinium+MRI+agents&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-8&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fbc049817y&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15656568&rft.aulast=Raymond&rft.aufirst=KN&rft.au=Pierre%2C+VC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Wendler, Ronda (1 Desember 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728091851/http://www.texasmedicalcenter.org/root/en/TMCServices/News/2009/12-01/Magnets+Guide+Stem+Cells+to+Damaged+Hearts.htm">Magnets Guide Stem Cells to Damaged Hearts</a>. 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Optical Engineering. 44: 016403. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005OptEn..44a6403R">2005OptEn..44a6403R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1117%2F1.1829713">10.1117/1.1829713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Optical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Use+of+gadolinium+oxyorthosilicate+scintillators+in+x-ray+radiometers&rft.volume=44&rft.pages=016403&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1117%2F1.1829713&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005OptEn..44a6403R&rft.aulast=Ryzhikov&rft.aufirst=VD&rft.au=Grinev%2C+BV&rft.au=Pirogov%2C+EN&rft.au=Onyshchenko%2C+GM&rft.au=Bondar%2C+VG&rft.au=Katrunov%2C+KA&rft.au=Kostyukevich%2C+SA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Sajwan, Reena K.; Tiwari, Samit; Harshit, Tulika; Singh, Ajaya Kumar (10 Oktober 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320308564">"Recent progress in multicolor tuning of rare earth-doped gadolinium aluminate phosphors GdAlO3"</a>. Optical and Quantum Electronics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 49 (11): 344. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11082-017-1158-5">10.1007/s11082-017-1158-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1572-817X">1572-817X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Optical+and+Quantum+Electronics&rft.atitle=Recent+progress+in+multicolor+tuning+of+rare+earth-doped+gadolinium+aluminate+phosphors+GdAlO3&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=344&rft.date=2017-10-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11082-017-1158-5&rft.issn=1572-817X&rft.aulast=Sajwan&rft.aufirst=Reena+K.&rft.au=Tiwari%2C+Samit&rft.au=Harshit%2C+Tulika&rft.au=Singh%2C+Ajaya+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F320308564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-gd153-28"><a href="#cite_ref-gd153_28-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090527014921/http://radioisotopes.pnl.gov/gadolinium.stm">"Gadolinium-153"</a>. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radioisotopes.pnl.gov/gadolinium.stm">versi asli</a> tanggal 27 Mei 2009. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gadolinium-153&rft.pub=Pacific+Northwest+National+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradioisotopes.pnl.gov%2Fgadolinium.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Cuomo, J. J.; Chaudhari, P.; Gambino, R. J. (1 Mei 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02652955">"Amorphous magnetic materials for bubble domain and magneto-optics application"</a>. Journal of Electronic Materials (dalam bahasa Inggris). 3 (2): 517–529. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974JEMat...3..517C">1974JEMat...3..517C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02652955">10.1007/BF02652955</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1543-186X">1543-186X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230727042931/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02652955">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-27. Diakses tanggal 2023-07-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Electronic+Materials&rft.atitle=Amorphous+magnetic+materials+for+bubble+domain+and+magneto-optics+application&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=517-529&rft.date=1974-05-01&rft.issn=1543-186X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02652955&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1974JEMat...3..517C&rft.aulast=Cuomo&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft.au=Chaudhari%2C+P.&rft.au=Gambino%2C+R.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2FBF02652955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Shi, Y; Babu, N Hari; Iida, K; Cardwell, D A (1 Februari 2008). "Superconducting properties of Gd-Ba-Cu-O single grains processed from a new, Ba-rich precursor compound". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 97 (1): 012250. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JPhCS..97a2250S">2008JPhCS..97a2250S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1742-6596%2F97%2F1%2F012250">10.1088/1742-6596/97/1/012250</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1742-6596">1742-6596</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physics%3A+Conference+Series&rft.atitle=Superconducting+properties+of+Gd-Ba-Cu-O+single+grains+processed+from+a+new%2C+Ba-rich+precursor+compound&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=012250&rft.date=2008-02-01&rft.issn=1742-6596&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1742-6596%2F97%2F1%2F012250&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008JPhCS..97a2250S&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.au=Babu%2C+N+Hari&rft.au=Iida%2C+K&rft.au=Cardwell%2C+D+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Cardwell, D A; Shi, Y-H; Hari Babu, N; Pathak, S K; Dennis, A R; Iida, K (1 Maret 2010). "Top seeded melt growth of Gd–Ba–Cu–O single grain superconductors". Superconductor Science and Technology. 23 (3): 034008. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010SuScT..23c4008C">2010SuScT..23c4008C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0953-2048%2F23%2F3%2F034008">10.1088/0953-2048/23/3/034008</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0953-2048">0953-2048</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Superconductor+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Top+seeded+melt+growth+of+Gd%E2%80%93Ba%E2%80%93Cu%E2%80%93O+single+grain+superconductors&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=034008&rft.date=2010-03-01&rft.issn=0953-2048&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0953-2048%2F23%2F3%2F034008&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010SuScT..23c4008C&rft.aulast=Cardwell&rft.aufirst=D+A&rft.au=Shi%2C+Y-H&rft.au=Hari+Babu%2C+N&rft.au=Pathak%2C+S+K&rft.au=Dennis%2C+A+R&rft.au=Iida%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Zhang, Y F; Wang, J J; Zhang, X J; Pan, C Y; Zhou, W L; Xu, Y; Liu, Y S; Izumi, M (2017). "Flux pinning properties of GdBCO bulk through the infiltration and growth process". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 213 (1): 012049. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS&E..213a2049Z">2017MS&E..213a2049Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1757-899X%2F213%2F1%2F012049">10.1088/1757-899X/213/1/012049</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1757-8981">1757-8981</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IOP+Conference+Series%3A+Materials+Science+and+Engineering&rft.atitle=Flux+pinning+properties+of+GdBCO+bulk+through+the+infiltration+and+growth+process&rft.volume=213&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=012049&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=1757-8981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1757-899X%2F213%2F1%2F012049&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017MS%26E..213a2049Z&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Y+F&rft.au=Wang%2C+J+J&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+J&rft.au=Pan%2C+C+Y&rft.au=Zhou%2C+W+L&rft.au=Xu%2C+Y&rft.au=Liu%2C+Y+S&rft.au=Izumi%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Wang, Brian (22 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2018/11/european-ecoswing-builds-first-full-scale-superconductor-wind-turbine.html">"European EcoSwing Builds First Full Scale Superconductor Wind Turbine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210427155624/https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2018/11/european-ecoswing-builds-first-full-scale-superconductor-wind-turbine.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-04-27. Diakses tanggal 2023-07-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+EcoSwing+Builds+First+Full+Scale+Superconductor+Wind+Turbine&rft.date=2018-11-22&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nextbigfuture.com%2F2018%2F11%2Feuropean-ecoswing-builds-first-full-scale-superconductor-wind-turbine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Zhang, Yufeng; Zhou, Difan; Ida, Tetsuya; Miki, Motohiro; Izumi, Mitsuru (1 April 2016). "Melt-growth bulk superconductors and application to an axial-gap-type rotating machine". Superconductor Science and Technology. 29 (4): 044005. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SuScT..29d4005Z">2016SuScT..29d4005Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0953-2048%2F29%2F4%2F044005">10.1088/0953-2048/29/4/044005</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0953-2048">0953-2048</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Superconductor+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Melt-growth+bulk+superconductors+and+application+to+an+axial-gap-type+rotating+machine&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=044005&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.issn=0953-2048&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0953-2048%2F29%2F4%2F044005&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016SuScT..29d4005Z&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Yufeng&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Difan&rft.au=Ida%2C+Tetsuya&rft.au=Miki%2C+Motohiro&rft.au=Izumi%2C+Mitsuru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Durrell, J H; Dennis, A R; Jaroszynski, J; Ainslie, M D; Palmer, K G B; Shi, Y-H; Campbell, A M; Hull, J; Strasik, M (1 Agustus 2014). "A trapped field of 17.6 T in melt-processed, bulk Gd-Ba-Cu-O reinforced with shrink-fit steel". Superconductor Science and Technology. 27 (8): 082001. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1406.0686">1406.0686</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SuScT..27h2001D">2014SuScT..27h2001D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0953-2048%2F27%2F8%2F082001">10.1088/0953-2048/27/8/082001</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0953-2048">0953-2048</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Superconductor+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=A+trapped+field+of+17.6+T+in+melt-processed%2C+bulk+Gd-Ba-Cu-O+reinforced+with+shrink-fit+steel&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=082001&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1406.0686&rft.issn=0953-2048&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0953-2048%2F27%2F8%2F082001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014SuScT..27h2001D&rft.aulast=Durrell&rft.aufirst=J+H&rft.au=Dennis%2C+A+R&rft.au=Jaroszynski%2C+J&rft.au=Ainslie%2C+M+D&rft.au=Palmer%2C+K+G+B&rft.au=Shi%2C+Y-H&rft.au=Campbell%2C+A+M&rft.au=Hull%2C+J&rft.au=Strasik%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/439929-strongest-magnetic-field-trapped-in-a-superconductor/">"Strongest magnetic field trapped in a superconductor"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419033954/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/439929-strongest-magnetic-field-trapped-in-a-superconductor/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-04-19. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strongest+magnetic+field+trapped+in+a+superconductor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fworld-records%2F439929-strongest-magnetic-field-trapped-in-a-superconductor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Abe_2022-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Abe_2022_37-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Abe, K.; Bronner, C.; Hayato; et al. (2022). "First gadolinium loading to Super-Kamiokande". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 1027: 166248. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nima.2021.166248">10.1016/j.nima.2021.166248</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0168-9002">0168-9002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Instruments+and+Methods+in+Physics+Research+Section+A%3A+Accelerators%2C+Spectrometers%2C+Detectors+and+Associated+Equipment&rft.atitle=First+gadolinium+loading+to+Super-Kamiokande&rft.volume=1027&rft.pages=166248&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nima.2021.166248&rft.issn=0168-9002&rft.aulast=Abe&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Bronner%2C+C.&rft.au=Hayato&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC-38"><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_38-0">^</a> Hammond, C. 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Sigma-Aldrich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230727042937/https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/691771">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-27. Diakses tanggal 2023-07-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sigma-Aldrich&rft.atitle=Gadolinium+691771&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sigmaaldrich.com%2Fcatalog%2Fproduct%2Faldrich%2F691771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Bousquet dkk., 1988 </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acadpharm.org/dos_public/Academie_de_pharmacie_2014_JM_Idee_V2.pdf">"Profil toxicologique des chélates de gadolinium pour l'IRM : où en est-on ?"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221230110934/https://www.acadpharm.org/dos_public/Academie_de_pharmacie_2014_JM_Idee_V2.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2022-12-30. Diakses tanggal 2023-07-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profil+toxicologique+des+ch%C3%A9lates+de+gadolinium+pour+l%E2%80%99IRM+%3A+o%C3%B9+en+est-on+%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acadpharm.org%2Fdos_public%2FAcademie_de_pharmacie_2014_JM_Idee_V2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Ersoy, Hale; Rybicki, Frank J. (November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2709982">"Biochemical Safety Profiles of Gadolinium-Based Extracellular Contrast Agents and Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis"</a>. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 26 (5): 1190–1197. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjmri.21135">10.1002/jmri.21135</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1053-1807">1053-1807</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2709982">2709982</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17969161">17969161</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Magnetic+Resonance+Imaging&rft.atitle=Biochemical+Safety+Profiles+of+Gadolinium-Based+Extracellular+Contrast+Agents+and+Nephrogenic+Systemic+Fibrosis&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1190-1197&rft.date=2007-11&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2709982&rft.issn=1053-1807&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17969161&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjmri.21135&rft.aulast=Ersoy&rft.aufirst=Hale&rft.au=Rybicki%2C+Frank+J.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2709982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Penfield JG, Reilly RF (December 2007). "What nephrologists need to know about gadolinium". Nature Clinical Practice. Nephrology. 3 (12): 654–68. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncpneph0660">10.1038/ncpneph0660</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18033225">18033225</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Clinical+Practice.+Nephrology&rft.atitle=What+nephrologists+need+to+know+about+gadolinium&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=654-68&rft.date=2007-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fncpneph0660&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18033225&rft.aulast=Penfield&rft.aufirst=JG&rft.au=Reilly%2C+RF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-GDD-44"><a href="#cite_ref-GDD_44-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gadoliniumtoxicity.com/tag/gadolinium-deposition-disease/">"Gadolinium Deposition Disease (GDD) in Patients with Normal Renal Function"</a>. Gadolinium Toxicity. 1 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511002612/https://gadoliniumtoxicity.com/tag/gadolinium-deposition-disease/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-05-11. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gadolinium+Toxicity&rft.atitle=Gadolinium+Deposition+Disease+%28GDD%29+in+Patients+with+Normal+Renal+Function&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgadoliniumtoxicity.com%2Ftag%2Fgadolinium-deposition-disease%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071129121817/http://www.ismrm.org/special/EMEA2.pdf">"Questions and Answers on Magnetic resonance imaging"</a> (PDF). International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ismrm.org/special/EMEA2.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 29 November 2007. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Society+for+Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Questions+and+Answers+on+Magnetic+resonance+imaging&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ismrm.org%2Fspecial%2FEMEA2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906211904/https://www.fda.gov/Cder/Drug/infopage/gcca/default.htm">"Information on Gadolinium-Containing Contrast Agents"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Badan_Pengawas_Obat_dan_Makanan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Amerika Serikat">US Food and Drug Administration</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/Cder/Drug/infopage/gcca/default.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.atitle=Information+on+Gadolinium-Containing+Contrast+Agents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2FCder%2FDrug%2Finfopage%2Fgcca%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Gray_47-0">^</a> Gray, Theodore (2009). The Elements, Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-57912-814-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-57912-814-9">1-57912-814-9</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Thomsen HS, Morcos SK, Dawson P (November 2006). "Is there a causal relation between the administration of gadolinium based contrast media and the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)?". 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"Gadolinium deposition disease: Initial description of a disease that has been around for a while". Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 34 (10): 1383–90. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.mri.2016.07.016">10.1016/j.mri.2016.07.016</a>. <a href="/wiki/Handle_System" title="Handle System">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//hdl.handle.net/10400.17%2F2952">10400.17/2952</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27530966">27530966</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Magnetic+Resonance+Imaging&rft.atitle=Gadolinium+deposition+disease%3A+Initial+description+of+a+disease+that+has+been+around+for+a+while&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1383-90&rft.date=2016-12&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10400.17%2F2952&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27530966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.mri.2016.07.016&rft.aulast=Semelka&rft.aufirst=RC&rft.au=Ramalho%2C+J&rft.au=Vakharia%2C+A&rft.au=AlObaidy%2C+M&rft.au=Burke%2C+LM&rft.au=Jay%2C+M&rft.au=Ramalho%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-CARguidelines-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CARguidelines_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CARguidelines_50-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">Schieda N, Blaichman JI, Costa AF, Glikstein R, Hurrell C, James M, Jabehdar Maralani P, Shabana W, Tang A, Tsampalieros A, van der Pol CB, Hiremath S (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6024496">"Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review and Clinical Practice Guideline Issued by the Canadian Association of Radiologists"</a>. Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease. 5: 2054358118778573. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2054358118778573">10.1177/2054358118778573</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6024496">6024496</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29977584">29977584</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Kidney+Health+and+Disease&rft.atitle=Gadolinium-Based+Contrast+Agents+in+Kidney+Disease%3A+A+Comprehensive+Review+and+Clinical+Practice+Guideline+Issued+by+the+Canadian+Association+of+Radiologists&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=2054358118778573&rft.date=2018&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6024496&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29977584&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F2054358118778573&rft.aulast=Schieda&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Blaichman%2C+JI&rft.au=Costa%2C+AF&rft.au=Glikstein%2C+R&rft.au=Hurrell%2C+C&rft.au=James%2C+M&rft.au=Jabehdar+Maralani%2C+P&rft.au=Shabana%2C+W&rft.au=Tang%2C+A&rft.au=Tsampalieros%2C+A&rft.au=van+der+Pol%2C+CB&rft.au=Hiremath%2C+S&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6024496&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite class="citation book">ACR Committee on Drugs; Contrast Media (2010). ACR Manual on Contrast Media Version 7. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-55903-050-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-55903-050-2">978-1-55903-050-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ACR+Manual+on+Contrast+Media+Version+7&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-55903-050-2&rft.au=ACR+Committee+on+Drugs&rft.au=Contrast+Media&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm589213.htm">"FDA warns that gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are retained in the body; requires new class warnings"</a>. www.fda.gov (dalam bahasa Inggris). Drug Safety and Availability – FDA Drug Safety Communication. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190423133619/https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm589213.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-23. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fda.gov&rft.atitle=FDA+warns+that+gadolinium-based+contrast+agents+%28GBCAs%29+are+retained+in+the+body%3B+requires+new+class+warnings&rft.au=Center+for+Drug+Evaluation+and+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2FDrugs%2FDrugSafety%2Fucm589213.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Murphy KJ, Brunberg JA, Cohan RH (October 1996). "Adverse reactions to gadolinium contrast media: a review of 36 cases". AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 167 (4): 847–49. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2214%2Fajr.167.4.8819369">10.2214/ajr.167.4.8819369</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8819369">8819369</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AJR.+American+Journal+of+Roentgenology&rft.atitle=Adverse+reactions+to+gadolinium+contrast+media%3A+a+review+of+36+cases&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=847-49&rft.date=1996-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2214%2Fajr.167.4.8819369&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8819369&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=KJ&rft.au=Brunberg%2C+JA&rft.au=Cohan%2C+RH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Gwenzi, Willis; Mangori, Lynda; Danha, Concilia; Chaukura, Nhamo; Dunjana, Nothando; Sanganyado, Edmond (15 September 2018). "Sources, behaviour, and environmental and human health risks of high-technology rare-earth elements as emerging contaminants". The Science of the Total Environment. 636: 299–313. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ScTEn.636..299G">2018ScTEn.636..299G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2018.04.235">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.235</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1879-1026">1879-1026</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29709849">29709849</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Sources%2C+behaviour%2C+and+environmental+and+human+health+risks+of+high-technology+rare-earth+elements+as+emerging+contaminants&rft.volume=636&rft.pages=299-313&rft.date=2018-09-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2018.04.235&rft.issn=1879-1026&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29709849&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018ScTEn.636..299G&rft.aulast=Gwenzi&rft.aufirst=Willis&rft.au=Mangori%2C+Lynda&rft.au=Danha%2C+Concilia&rft.au=Chaukura%2C+Nhamo&rft.au=Dunjana%2C+Nothando&rft.au=Sanganyado%2C+Edmond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Rogowska J, Olkowska E, Ratajczyk W, Wolska L (Juni 2018). "Gadolinium as a new emerging contaminant of aquatic environments". Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 37 (6): 1523–34. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fetc.4116">10.1002/etc.4116</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29473658">29473658</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Gadolinium+as+a+new+emerging+contaminant+of+aquatic+environments&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1523-34&rft.date=2018-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fetc.4116&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29473658&rft.aulast=Rogowska&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Olkowska%2C+E&rft.au=Ratajczyk%2C+W&rft.au=Wolska%2C+L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Tircsó, Gyulia; Molńar, Enricő; Csupász, Tibor; Garda, Zoltan; Botár, Richárd; Kálmán, Ferenc K.; Kovács, Zoltan; Brücher, Ernő; Tóth, Imre (2021). "Chapter 2. Gadolinium(III)-Based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. A Re-Appraisal". Metal Ions in Bio-Imaging Techniques. Springer. hlm. 39–70. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110685701-008">10.1515/9783110685701-008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2.+Gadolinium%28III%29-Based+Contrast+Agents+for+Magnetic+Resonance+Imaging.+A+Re-Appraisal&rft.btitle=Metal+Ions+in+Bio-Imaging+Techniques&rft.pages=39-70&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110685701-008&rft.aulast=Tircs%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=Gyulia&rft.au=Mol%C5%84ar%2C+Enric%C5%91&rft.au=Csup%C3%A1sz%2C+Tibor&rft.au=Garda%2C+Zoltan&rft.au=Bot%C3%A1r%2C+Rich%C3%A1rd&rft.au=K%C3%A1lm%C3%A1n%2C+Ferenc+K.&rft.au=Kov%C3%A1cs%2C+Zoltan&rft.au=Br%C3%BCcher%2C+Ern%C5%91&rft.au=T%C3%B3th%2C+Imre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Yeung EW, Allen DG (Agustus 2004). "Stretch-activated channels in stretch-induced muscle damage: role in muscular dystrophy". Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology. 31 (8): 551–56. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1440-1681.2004.04027.x">10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04027.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/Handle_System" title="Handle System">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//hdl.handle.net/10397%2F30099">10397/30099</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15298550">15298550</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Experimental+Pharmacology+%26+Physiology&rft.atitle=Stretch-activated+channels+in+stretch-induced+muscle+damage%3A+role+in+muscular+dystrophy&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=551-56&rft.date=2004-08&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10397%2F30099&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15298550&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1440-1681.2004.04027.x&rft.aulast=Yeung&rft.aufirst=EW&rft.au=Allen%2C+DG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Yang Y, Yang F, Gong Y, Bahrenberg T, Feintuch A, Su X, Goldfarb, D (Oktober 2018). "High Sensitivity In-Cell EPR Distance Measurements on Proteins using and Optimized Gd(III) Spin Label". The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 9 (20): 6119–23. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.jpclett.8b02663">10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02663</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30277780">30277780</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Physical+Chemistry+Letters&rft.atitle=High+Sensitivity+In-Cell+EPR+Distance+Measurements+on+Proteins+using+and+Optimized+Gd%28III%29+Spin+Label&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=6119-23&rft.date=2018-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facs.jpclett.8b02663&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30277780&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.au=Yang%2C+F&rft.au=Gong%2C+Y&rft.au=Bahrenberg%2C+T&rft.au=Feintuch%2C+A&rft.au=Su%2C+X&rft.au=Goldfarb&rft.au=D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGadolinium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium" class="extiw" title="commons:Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/37px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/55px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/73px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Lihat entri <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gadolinium" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:gadolinium">gadolinium</a> di kamus bebas Wiktionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927220031/http://rad.usuhs.edu/medpix/master.php3?mode=slide_sorter&pt_id=10978&quiz=#top">Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis – Complication of Gadolinium MR Contrast</a> (series of images at MedPix website)</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele064.html">It's Elemental – Gadolinium</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603155935/https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele064.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-06-03 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100323011159/http://www.external.ameslab.gov/news/release/01magneticrefrig.htm">Refrigerator uses gadolinium metal that heats up when exposed to magnetic field</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090309174807/https://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/infopage/gcca/qa_200705.htm">FDA advisory on gadolinium-based contrast</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siaecm.org/gadolinium/index.asp">Abdominal MR imaging: important considerations for evaluation of gadolinium enhancement</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227030527/http://www.siaecm.org/gadolinium/index.asp">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-02-27 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Rafael O.P. de Campos, Vasco Herédia, Ersan Altun, Richard C. Semelka, Department of Radiology University of North Carolina Hospitals Chapel Hill</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobile.abc.net.au/news/2019-06-17/inside-super-kamiokande-360-tour/11209104">Inside Japan’s Super Kamiokande 360 degree tour including details on adding Gadolinium to the pure water to aid in studying neutrinos</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191205003245/https://mobile.abc.net.au/news/2019-06-17/inside-super-kamiokande-360-tour/11209104">Diarsipkan</a> 2019-12-05 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <table class="navbox collapsible uncollapsed" cellpadding="0" style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="33" style="padding:0 1em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini"><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">Tabel periodik</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_(sel_besar)" title="Tabel periodik (sel besar)">(besar)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">2</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_3" title="Unsur golongan 3">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_4" title="Unsur golongan 4">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_5" title="Unsur golongan 5">5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_6" title="Unsur golongan 6">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_7" title="Unsur golongan 7">7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_8" title="Unsur golongan 8">8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_9" title="Unsur golongan 9">9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_10" title="Unsur golongan 10">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_11" title="Unsur golongan 11">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_12" title="Unsur golongan 12">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_boron" title="Golongan boron">13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_karbon" title="Golongan karbon">14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pniktogen" title="Pniktogen">15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" title="Kalkogen">16</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_1" title="Unsur periode 1">1</a> </td> <td title="Hidrogen, 1 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="Helium, 2 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_2" title="Unsur periode 2">2</a> </td> <td title="Litium, 3 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">Li</a> </td> <td title="Berilium, 4 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Boron, 5 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a> </td> <td title="Karbon, 6 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a> </td> <td title="Nitrogen, 7 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td title="Oksigen, 8 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a> </td> <td title="Fluorin, 9 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin">F</a> </td> <td title="Neon, 10 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_3" title="Unsur periode 3">3</a> </td> <td title="Natrium, 11 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td title="Magnesium, 12 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Aluminium, 13 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td title="Silikon, 14 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Si</a> </td> <td title="Fosforus, 15 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus">P</a> </td> <td title="Belerang, 16 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">S</a> </td> <td title="Klorin, 17 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Cl</a> </td> <td title="Argon, 18 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_4" title="Unsur periode 4">4</a> </td> <td title="Kalium, 19 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td title="Kalsium, 20 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Skandium, 21 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a> </td> <td title="Titanium, 22 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td title="Vanadium, 23 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td title="Kromium, 24 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">Cr</a> </td> <td title="Mangan, 25 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td title="Besi, 26 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Fe</a> </td> <td title="Kobalt, 27 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td title="Nikel, 28 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Ni</a> </td> <td title="Tembaga, 29 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Cu</a> </td> <td title="Seng, 30 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">Zn</a> </td> <td title="Galium, 31 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium">Ga</a> </td> <td title="Germanium, 32 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td title="Arsen, 33 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td title="Selenium, 34 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td title="Bromin, 35 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Br</a> </td> <td title="Kripton, 36 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_5" title="Unsur periode 5">5</a> </td> <td title="Rubidium, 37 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td title="Stronsium, 38 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Itrium, 39 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium">Y</a> </td> <td title="Zirkonium, 40 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td title="Niobium, 41 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td title="Molibdenum, 42 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molibdenum" title="Molibdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td title="Teknesium, 43 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Teknesium" title="Teknesium">Tc</a> </td> <td title="Rutenium, 44 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">Ru</a> </td> <td title="Rodium, 45 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">Rh</a> </td> <td title="Paladium, 46 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium">Pd</a> </td> <td title="Perak, 47 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Ag</a> </td> <td title="Kadmium, 48 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td title="Indium, 49 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td title="Timah, 50 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">Sn</a> </td> <td title="Antimon, 51 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td title="Telurium, 52 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Telurium" title="Telurium">Te</a> </td> <td title="Iodin, 53 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin">I</a> </td> <td title="Xenon, 54 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_6" title="Unsur periode 6">6</a> </td> <td title="Sesium, 55 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium">Cs</a> </td> <td title="Barium, 56 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td title="Lantanum, 57 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum">La</a> </td> <td title="Serium, 58 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">Ce</a> </td> <td title="Praseodimium, 59 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium">Pr</a> </td> <td title="Neodimium, 60 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodimium" title="Neodimium">Nd</a> </td> <td title="Prometium, 61 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium">Pm</a> </td> <td title="Samarium, 62 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td title="Europium, 63 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td title="Gadolinium, 64 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:1px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gd</a> </td> <td title="Terbium, 65 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td title="Disprosium, 66 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Disprosium" title="Disprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td title="Holmium, 67 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td title="Erbium, 68 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td title="Tulium, 69 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">Tm</a> </td> <td title="Iterbium, 70 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td title="Lutesium, 71 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutesium" title="Lutesium">Lu</a> </td> <td title="Hafnium, 72 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td title="Tantalum, 73 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td title="Wolfram, 74 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td title="Renium, 75 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium">Re</a> </td> <td title="Osmium, 76 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td title="Iridium, 77 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td title="Platina, 78 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td title="Emas, 79 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">Au</a> </td> <td title="Raksa, 80 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">Hg</a> </td> <td title="Talium, 81 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Talium" title="Talium">Tl</a> </td> <td title="Timbal, 82 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">Pb</a> </td> <td title="Bismut, 83 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td title="Polonium, 84 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td title="Astatin, 85 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin">At</a> </td> <td title="Radon, 86 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_7" title="Unsur periode 7">7</a> </td> <td title="Fransium, 87 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fransium" title="Fransium">Fr</a> </td> <td title="Radium, 88 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td title="Aktinium, 89 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium">Ac</a> </td> <td title="Torium, 90 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Th</a> </td> <td title="Protaktinium, 91 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium">Pa</a> </td> <td title="Uranium, 92 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td title="Neptunium, 93 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td title="Plutonium, 94 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td title="Amerisium, 95 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Amerisium" title="Amerisium">Am</a> </td> <td title="Kurium, 96 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kurium" title="Kurium">Cm</a> </td> <td title="Berkelium, 97 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td title="Kalifornium, 98 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium">Cf</a> </td> <td title="Einsteinium, 99 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td title="Fermium, 100 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td title="Mendelevium, 101 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td title="Nobelium, 102 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td title="Lawrensium, 103 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrensium" title="Lawrensium">Lr</a> </td> <td title="Ruterfordium, 104 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruterfordium" title="Ruterfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td title="Dubnium, 105 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td title="Seaborgium, 106 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td title="Bohrium, 107 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td title="Hasium, 108 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hasium" title="Hasium">Hs</a> </td> <td title="Meitnerium, 109 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td title="Darmstadtium, 110 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td title="Roentgenium, 111 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td title="Kopernisium, 112 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kopernisium" title="Kopernisium">Cn</a> </td> <td title="Nihonium, 113 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td title="Flerovium, 114 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td title="Moskovium, 115 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moskovium" title="Moskovium">Mc</a> </td> <td title="Livermorium, 116 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td title="Tenesin, 117 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesin" title="Tenesin">Ts</a> </td> <td title="Oganeson, 118 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="33"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">Logam alkali tanah</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">Lantanida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinida" title="Aktinida">Aktinida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">Logam transisi</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_miskin" title="Logam miskin">Logam miskin</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloid</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#a1ffc3;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_poliatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam poliatomik">Nonlogam poliatomik</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#e7ff8f;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_diatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam diatomik">Nonlogam diatomik</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">Gas mulia</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e8e8e8;">Sifat kimia belum diketahui </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Senyawa_gadolinium" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Senyawa_gadolinium" title="Templat:Senyawa gadolinium"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Senyawa_gadolinium" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Senyawa gadolinium"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Senyawa_gadolinium&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Senyawa_gadolinium" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Senyawa_gadolinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Senyawa gadolinium">Senyawa gadolinium</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gadolinium(III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium(III)_fluorida" title="Gadolinium(III) fluorida">GdF3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium(III)_klorida" title="Gadolinium(III) klorida">GdCl3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium(III)_bromida" title="Gadolinium(III) bromida">GdBr3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium_diiodida" title="Gadolinium diiodida">GdI2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium(III)_iodida" title="Gadolinium(III) iodida">GdI3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium(III)_nitrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium(III) nitrida (halaman belum tersedia)">GdN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium(III)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium(III) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Gd2O3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium_oksisulfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium oksisulfida (halaman belum tersedia)">Gd2O2S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium(III)_hidroksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Gd(OH)3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium_fosfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium fosfida (halaman belum tersedia)">GdP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium(III)_sulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium(III) sulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">Gd2(SO4)3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium(III)_nitrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium(III) nitrat (halaman belum tersedia)">Gd(NO3)3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium(III)_oksalat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium(III) oksalat (halaman belum tersedia)">Gd2(C2O4)3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium_perrenat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium perrenat (halaman belum tersedia)">Gd(ReO4)3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garnet_gadolinium_galium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garnet gadolinium galium (halaman belum tersedia)">Gd3Ga5O12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium_asetat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium asetat (halaman belum tersedia)">Gd(CH3COO)3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium_oksiortosilikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium oksiortosilikat (halaman belum tersedia)">Gd2SiO5</a></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Organogadolinium(III)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organolantanida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia organolantanida (halaman belum tersedia)">Organogadolinium(III)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium_asetilasetonat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium asetilasetonat (halaman belum tersedia)">Gd(C5H7O2)3</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1832#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" 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data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4155786-4">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85052688">Amerika Serikat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/557651011">Microsoft Academic</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/2910856984">2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&oldid=23910415">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&oldid=23910415</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Gadolinium" title="Kategori:Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a></li><li><a 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