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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Territory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_the_Liao_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_the_Liao_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Relations with the Liao dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_the_Liao_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_emperors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_emperors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of emperors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_emperors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_Jin_rulers_family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_Jin_rulers_family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Later Jin rulers family tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_Jin_rulers_family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9" title="سلالة جين المتأخرة الحاكمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلالة جين المتأخرة الحاكمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9A_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6)" title="পরবর্তী জিন (পাঁচ রাজবংশ) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পরবর্তী জিন (পাঁচ রাজবংশ)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C5%8D_Ch%C3%ACn" title="Hiō Chìn – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hiō Chìn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_posteriors" title="Jin posteriors – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jin posteriors" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozdn%C3%AD_%C5%A4in_(P%C4%9Bt_dynasti%C3%AD)" title="Pozdní Ťin (Pět dynastií) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pozdní Ťin (Pět dynastií)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A4tere_Jin-Dynastie_(F%C3%BCnf_Dynastien)" title="Spätere Jin-Dynastie (Fünf Dynastien) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spätere Jin-Dynastie (Fünf Dynastien)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_post%C3%A9rieurs_(936-947)" title="Jin postérieurs (936-947) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jin postérieurs (936-947)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%A7%84_(%EC%98%A4%EB%8C%80)" title="후진 (오대) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="후진 (오대)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastija_Kasniji_Jin" title="Dinastija Kasniji Jin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dinastija Kasniji Jin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_Akhir_(Lima_Dinasti)" title="Jin Akhir (Lima Dinasti) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jin Akhir (Lima Dinasti)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Jin_posteriore_(936-947)" title="Dinastia Jin posteriore (936-947) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dinastia Jin posteriore (936-947)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_Akhir_(Lima_Dinasti)" title="Jin Akhir (Lima Dinasti) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jin Akhir (Lima Dinasti)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_(936-947)" title="Хожуу Жинь (936-947) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хожуу Жинь (936-947)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%99%8B" title="後晋 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="後晋" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_yngre_Jin-dynastiet" title="Det yngre Jin-dynastiet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det yngre Jin-dynastiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%BAniejsza_dynastia_Jin" title="Późniejsza dynastia Jin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Późniejsza dynastia Jin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%A6%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_(936%E2%80%94947)" title="Поздняя Цзинь (936—947) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поздняя Цзинь (936—947)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastija_Kasniji_Jin" title="Dinastija Kasniji Jin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dinastija Kasniji Jin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%C3%B6hempi_Jin-dynastia" title="Myöhempi Jin-dynastia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Myöhempi Jin-dynastia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senare_Jin_(936%E2%80%93947)" title="Senare Jin (936–947) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Senare Jin (936–947)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="ราชวงศ์จิ้นยุคหลัง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชวงศ์จิ้นยุคหลัง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hou_Jin_(5_Hanedan)" title="Hou Jin (5 Hanedan) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hou Jin (5 Hanedan)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C_(%D0%9F%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9)" title="Династія Пізня Цзінь (П'ять династій) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Династія Пізня Цзінь (П'ять династій)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%ADu_T%E1%BA%A5n" title="Hậu Tấn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hậu Tấn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%99%89" title="後晉 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="後晉" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E6%99%8B" title="后晋 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="后晋" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%99%89" title="後晉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="後晉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E6%99%8B" title="后晋 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="后晋" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1154540#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese dynasty (936–947)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Jin_(Later_Tang_precursor)" title="Jin (Later Tang precursor)">Jin (Later Tang precursor)</a>, an earlier state during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(1616%E2%80%931636)" title="Later Jin (1616–1636)">Later Jin (1616–1636)</a>, the Jurchen-led dynasty in northeastern China and precursor to the Qing dynasty.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other Chinese states named Jin, see <a href="/wiki/Jin_(disambiguation)#States" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Jin (disambiguation)">Jin dynasty (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country 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.ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Jin</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">晉</span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">936–947</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Later_Jin.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Later Jin"><img alt="Later Jin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Later_Jin.png/250px-Later_Jin.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Later_Jin.png/375px-Later_Jin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Later_Jin.png/500px-Later_Jin.png 2x" data-file-width="1269" data-file-height="902" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Later Jin</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a> (936)<br /><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> (937)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> (937–947)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Daoism">Daoism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data">Monarchy</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Rulers_of_the_Later_Jin">Emperor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 936–942 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shi_Jingtang" title="Shi Jingtang">Shi Jingtang</a> (Gaozu)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 942–947 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shi_Chonggui" title="Shi Chonggui">Shi Chonggui</a> (Chudi)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Shi Jingtang proclaimed Emperor by <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">November 28, 936</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Emperor Chu's surrender to <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">January 11, 947</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_coinage" title="Ancient Chinese coinage">ancient Chinese coinage</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Later_Han_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Han (Five Dynasties)">Later Han</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jin</b>, known as the <b>Later Jìn</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">后晋</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">後晉</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Hòu Jìn</span></i>, 936–947) or the <b>Shi Jin</b> (石晉) in historiography, was an <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_China" title="Dynasties of China">imperial dynasty of China</a> and the third of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period#Five_Dynasties" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</a>. It was founded by <a href="/wiki/Shi_Jingtang" title="Shi Jingtang">Shi Jingtang</a> (Emperor Gaozu) with aid from the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a>, which assumed suzerainty over the Later Jin. After Later Jin's second ruler, <a href="/wiki/Shi_Chonggui" title="Shi Chonggui">Shi Chonggui</a> (Emperor Chu), fell out with the Liao dynasty, the Liao invaded in 946 and in 947, annihilated the Later Jin and annexed its former territories. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founding_the_Later_Jin">Founding the Later Jin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Founding the Later Jin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first <a href="/wiki/Shatuo" title="Shatuo">sinicized Shatuo</a> state,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMote199912–13_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMote199912–13-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a>, was founded in 923 by <a href="/wiki/Li_Cunxu" title="Li Cunxu">Li Cunxu</a>, son of the Shatuo chieftain <a href="/wiki/Li_Keyong" title="Li Keyong">Li Keyong</a>. It extended Shatuo domains from their base in <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> to most of <a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North China</a>, and into <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Li_Cunxu" title="Li Cunxu">Li Cunxu</a>'s death, his adopted son, <a href="/wiki/Li_Siyuan" title="Li Siyuan">Li Siyuan</a> became emperor. However, the Shatuo relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitans</a>, which was vital to their rise to power, had soured. <a href="/wiki/Shi_Jingtang" title="Shi Jingtang">Shi Jingtang</a>, the son-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Li_Cunxu" title="Li Cunxu">Li Cunxu</a>, rebelled against him, and with the help of the Khitan, declared himself emperor of the Later Jin in 936. </p><p>The Later Jin founder <a href="/wiki/Shi_Jingtang" title="Shi Jingtang">Shi Jingtang</a> claimed patrilineal <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noting that <a href="/wiki/Tashkent#History_as_Chach" title="Tashkent">Shi</a> 石 is a typical Chinese surname borne by <a href="/wiki/Sogdia" title="Sogdia">Sogdians</a>, Barenghi (2014) traces Shi Jingtang's origin to the Anqing Shi (安慶石). <b>Anqing</b> was one of the three Shatuo sub-tribes whom were of <a href="/wiki/Sogdia" title="Sogdia">Sogdian</a> origin, besides <a href="/wiki/Chigils" title="Chigils">Chuyue</a> (處月) and formerly <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Türgesh</a>-associated <b>Suoge</b> (娑葛).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Later Jin, there were Dukedoms for the offspring of the royal families of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Zhou" title="Northern Zhou">Zhou dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This practice was referred to as the two crownings and the three respects (<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%8E%8B%E4%B8%89%E6%81%AA" class="extiw" title="zh:二王三恪">二王三恪</a>). </p><p>The Tang Imperial Longxi Li lineage (<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9A%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%9D%8E%E6%B0%8F" class="extiw" title="zh:隴西李氏">隴西李氏</a>) also included sub-lineages like the Guzang Li (姑臧李). Li Zhuanmei (<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%B0%88%E7%BE%8E" class="extiw" title="zh:李專美">李專美</a>) descended from the Guzang Li and served the Later Jin.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territory">Territory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Later Jin held essentially the same territories as the <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a>, except for Sichuan, which had been lost by the Later Tang in its waning years and had become independent as <a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Later Shu</a>. </p><p>The other major exception was a region known as the <a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Prefectures" title="Sixteen Prefectures">Sixteen Prefectures</a>. By this time in history, the Khitan had formed the Khitan Empire out of their steppe base. They had also become a major power broker in North China. They forced the Later Jin to cede the strategic Sixteen Prefectures to the Khitan. Consisting of a region about 70 to 100 miles wide and including modern-day <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> and points westward, it was considered a highly strategic region, and gave the Khitan even more influence in North China. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relations_with_the_Liao_dynasty">Relations with the Liao dynasty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Relations with the Liao dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Later Jin had often been described as a puppet of the emerging <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a>. The help of their powerful northern neighbors was vital in the establishment of the Later Jin. The cession of the Sixteen Prefectures led to their derision as being the servants of the Liao dynasty. </p><p>After the death of the dynastic founder <a href="/wiki/Shi_Jingtang" title="Shi Jingtang">Shi Jingtang</a>, his nephew, adopted son and successor Shi Chonggui defied the Liao, resulting in the latter invading in 946 and 947, eventually leading to the destruction of the Later Jin. </p><p>After the Liao conquest of the Later Jin, the former took the dynastic element of water, which followed from the Later Jin's dynastic element of metal, according to the Chinese theory of the <a href="/wiki/Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)" title="Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)">Five Elements</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also following the conquest of the Later Jin that the Liao dynasty was officially renamed "Great Liao". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_emperors">List of emperors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List of emperors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Sovereigns of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, 907–960</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;"><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a> </th> <th style="background:#efefef;"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a> </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Personal name </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Period of reign </th> <th style="background:#efefef;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_era_name" title="Chinese era name">Chinese era name</a> and dates </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"><b>the Five Dynasties</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"><i>Convention: name of dynasty + temple name or posthumous name</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"><b>Hou (Later) Jin dynasty 936–947</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">高祖</span></span> <i><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Gāozǔ</i></span></i> </td> <td>Too tedious, thus not used when referring to this sovereign </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shi_Jingtang" title="Shi Jingtang">Shi Jingtang</a> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">石敬瑭</span></span> <i><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shí Jìngtáng</i></span></i> </td> <td>936–942 </td> <td><i><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Tiānfú</i></span></i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">天福</span></span>) 936–942 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">出帝</span></span> <i><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Chūdì</i></span></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shi_Chonggui" title="Shi Chonggui">Shi Chonggui</a> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">石重貴</span></span> <i><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shí Chóngguì</i></span></i> </td> <td>942–947 </td> <td><i><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Tiānfú</i></span></i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">天福</span></span>) 942–944<br /> <p><i><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Kāiyùn</i></span></i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">開運</span></span>) 944–947 </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_Jin_rulers_family_tree">Later Jin rulers family tree</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later Jin rulers family tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="collapsible expanded" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:auto; width:auto; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:auto">Later Jin rulers family tree </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto; font-size:112%;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dotted;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px"><i>adopted</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px"><i>Marriage</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><small>Li Siyuan 李嗣源</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Li_Siyuan" title="Li Siyuan">Mingzong</a> 明宗<br />of (Later) Tang<br />867–<b>926–933</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Shi Shaoyong <br />石紹雍</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Empress_Li_(Later_Jin)" title="Empress Li (Later Jin)">Empress Li</a><br /><small>d. 950</small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px"><span class="nowrap"><small>Shi Jingtang <br />石敬瑭 892–942</small><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Gaozu_of_Later_Jin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaozu of Later Jin">Gaozu</a> <br />高祖</b> 936–942</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Shi Jingru <br />石敬儒</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dotted;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dotted;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dotted;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dotted;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dotted;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dotted;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dotted;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px"><span class="nowrap"><small>Shi Chonggui <br />石重貴 914–974</small><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Shi_Chonggui" title="Shi Chonggui">Chudi</a><br />出帝</b> 942–947</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMote199912–13-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMote199912–13_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMote1999">Mote 1999</a>, pp. 12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Wudai Shi</i> <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/舊五代史/卷75">ch. 75.</a> Considering the father was originally called Nieliji without a surname, the fact that his <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">patrilineal</a> ancestors all had Chinese names here indicates that these names were probably all created posthumously after Shi Jingtang became a "Chinese" emperor. Shi Jingtang actually claimed to be a descendant of Chinese historical figures <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shi_Que&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shi Que (page does not exist)">Shi Que</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shi_Fen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shi Fen (page does not exist)">Shi Fen</a>, and insisted that his ancestors went westwards towards non-<a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> area during the political chaos at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> in early 3rd century.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Golden, Peter Benjamin (1992). "An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis Ans State Formation in the Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East". Turcologica. 9. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAtwood2010" class="citation journal cs1">Atwood, Christopher P. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/16/">"The Notion of Tribe in Medieval China: Ouyang Xiu and the Shatup Dynastic Myth"</a>. <i>Miscellanea Asiatica</i> (16): <span class="nowrap">610–</span>613.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miscellanea+Asiatica&rft.atitle=The+Notion+of+Tribe+in+Medieval+China%3A+Ouyang+Xiu+and+the+Shatup+Dynastic+Myth&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E610-%3C%2Fspan%3E613&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Atwood&rft.aufirst=Christopher+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.upenn.edu%2Fealc%2F16%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALater+Jin+%28Five+Dynasties%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarenghi2014" class="citation thesis cs1">Barenghi, Maddalena (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20635/"><i>Historiography and Narratives of the Later Tang (923–936) and Later Jin (936–947) Dynasties in Tenth- to Eleventh century Sources</i></a> (PhD). p. 3-4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Historiography+and+Narratives+of+the+Later+Tang+%28923%E2%80%93936%29+and+Later+Jin+%28936%E2%80%93947%29+Dynasties+in+Tenth-+to+Eleventh+century+Sources&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Barenghi&rft.aufirst=Maddalena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de%2F20635%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALater+Jin+%28Five+Dynasties%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOuyang2004" class="citation book cs1">Ouyang, Xiu (5 April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R0QpslzUi50C&pg=PA76"><i>Historical Records of the Five Dynasties</i></a>. Translated by Richard L. Davis. Columbia University Press. pp. 76–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-50228-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-50228-3"><bdi>978-0-231-50228-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Records+of+the+Five+Dynasties&rft.pages=76-&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2004-04-05&rft.isbn=978-0-231-50228-3&rft.aulast=Ouyang&rft.aufirst=Xiu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR0QpslzUi50C%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALater+Jin+%28Five+Dynasties%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOng2008" class="citation book cs1">Ong, Chang Woei (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w5_ZAAAAMAAJ&q=wujing+boshi+descendant"><i>Men of Letters Within the Passes: Guanzhong Literati in Chinese History, 907–1911</i></a>. Harvard University Asia Center. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03170-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03170-8"><bdi>978-0-674-03170-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Men+of+Letters+Within+the+Passes%3A+Guanzhong+Literati+in+Chinese+History%2C+907%E2%80%931911&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Asia+Center&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-674-03170-8&rft.aulast=Ong&rft.aufirst=Chang+Woei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw5_ZAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dwujing%2Bboshi%2Bdescendant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALater+Jin+%28Five+Dynasties%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChen2014" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, Yuan Julian (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/23276848">""Legitimation Discourse and the Theory of the Five Elements in Imperial China." Journal of Song-Yuan Studies 44 (2014): 325–364"</a>. <i>Journal of Song-Yuan Studies</i>. <b>44</b> (1): 325. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fsys.2014.0000">10.1353/sys.2014.0000</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147099574">147099574</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Song-Yuan+Studies&rft.atitle=%26quot%3BLegitimation+Discourse+and+the+Theory+of+the+Five+Elements+in+Imperial+China.%26quot%3B+Journal+of+Song-Yuan+Studies+44+%282014%29%3A+325%E2%80%93364.&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=325&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fsys.2014.0000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147099574%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Yuan+Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F23276848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALater+Jin+%28Five+Dynasties%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMote1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Mote" title="Frederick W. Mote">Mote, F. W.</a> (1999). <a href="/wiki/Imperial_China:_900%E2%80%931800" title="Imperial China: 900–1800"><i>Imperial China: 900–1800</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+China%3A+900%E2%80%931800&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Mote&rft.aufirst=F.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALater+Jin+%28Five+Dynasties%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jin_(Later_Tang_precursor)" title="Jin (Later Tang precursor)">Jin</a>) / <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Later Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Han_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Han (Five Dynasties)">Later Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Zhou" title="Later Zhou">Later Zhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ten Kingdoms (Ten States)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Wu" title="Yang Wu">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Shu" title="Former Shu">Former Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Chu" title="Ma Chu">Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Wuyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_(Ten_Kingdoms)" title="Min (Ten Kingdoms)">Min</a> / (<a href="/wiki/Yin_(Five_Dynasties_period)" title="Yin (Five Dynasties period)">Yin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Han" title="Southern Han">Southern Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingnan" title="Jingnan">Jingnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Later Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Han" title="Northern Han">Northern Han</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qi_(Li_Maozhen%27s_state)" title="Qi (Li Maozhen's state)">Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_(Five_Dynasties_period)" title="Zhao (Five Dynasties period)">Zhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_(Five_Dynasties_period)" title="Yan (Five Dynasties period)">Yan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>De facto</i> independent entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chuzhi" title="Wang Chuzhi">Yiwu Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingnan_Jiedushi" title="Dingnan Jiedushi">Dingnan Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan_Circuit" title="Qingyuan Circuit">Qingyuan Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%A9nh_H%E1%BA%A3i_qu%C3%A2n" title="Tĩnh Hải quân">Jinghai Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wuping_Circuit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wuping Circuit (page does not exist)">Wuping Circuit</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%B9%B3%E5%86%9B%E8%8A%82%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%BF" class="extiw" title="zh:武平军节度使">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyi_Circuit" title="Guiyi Circuit">Guiyi Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youzhou_Jiedushi" title="Youzhou Jiedushi">Lulong Circuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighboring states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balhae" title="Balhae">Balhae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou_Uyghur_Kingdom" title="Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom">Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Fragmentation" title="Era of Fragmentation">Tibetan kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_Kingdom" title="Dali Kingdom">Dali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Histories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_History_of_the_Five_Dynasties" title="Old History of the Five Dynasties">Old History of the Five Dynasties</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Records_of_the_Five_Dynasties" title="Historical Records of the Five Dynasties">Historical Records of the Five Dynasties</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_Annals_of_the_Ten_Kingdoms" title="Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms">Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wudai_Huiyao" title="Wudai Huiyao">Wudai Huiyao</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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