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You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Du kan se och kopiera denna sidas källtext. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="sv" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{faktamall biografi WD}} '''Alfred Russel Wallace''', född [[8 januari]] [[1823]] i [[Usk (ort)|Usk]] i [[Monmouthshire]], död [[7 november]] [[1913]] i [[Broadstone]] i [[Dorset]], var en [[Storbritannien|brittisk]] [[naturhistoriker]], [[Antropologi|antropolog]] och [[biolog]]. Han är mest känd för att oberoende av [[Charles Darwin]] ha utvecklat en teori om hur [[art]]er uppkommer genom [[naturligt urval]]. ==Biografi== Wallace utförde omfattande forskningsresor både till [[Sydamerika]] och [[Ostindien]], där han ägnade sig åt att samla in växt- och djurarter. Detta inte enbart för vetenskapliga ändamål; han bekostade delvis sina resor med att sälja exotiska djur och växter. Under en lång resa kring [[Borneo]] och [[Indonesien]] publicerade han 1855 en uppsats, ''On the law, which has regulated the introduction of species'', där han utvecklar en teori som påvisar att nya arter tenderar att uppstå i områden där det från tidigare finns närbesläktade arter. Teorin har blivit känd som [[Sarawak]]lagen, efter området där han befann sig då han skrev uppsatsen. Oberoende av [[Charles Darwin]] utvecklade Wallace också en teori om [[naturligt urval|det naturliga urvalet]]. I februari 1858 färdigställde han en uppsats med titeln ''[[Sarawaklagen|On the Tendency of Varieties to depart indefinitely from the Original Type]],'' där han kortfattat redogjorde för sin teori om hur arter uppkommit genom naturligt urval. Wallace skickade uppsatsen till Darwin, som tog del av den i juni 1858. Darwin hade vid tillfället arbetat på sin teori och evolution genom naturligt urval under en längre tid, men ännu inte publicerat sina resultat. När Darwin läste Wallaces brev uppges han ha kommenterat "jag hade inte själv kunnat sammanfatta min teori bättre". Som medlem i [[Royal Society]] fick Darwin tillgång till Wallaces uppsats innan den publicerades, och hans vänner uppmanade honom att sammanfatta också sina egna rön (som han slipat på i tjugo år) som Darwin kunde publicera vid samma tillfälle som Wallaces artikel. Så skedde också, och Darwins ''On the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection'' och ett brev från [[Asa Gray]] lästes upp inför [[Linnean Society of London]] 1 juli 1858.<ref>''Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society'', 1858, sid. 45</ref> I likhet med Darwin hade Wallace kommit på teorin när han var ute på en naturhistorisk resa och läst [[Thomas Robert Malthus]] teorier om överbefolkning. Darwin och Wallace blev goda vänner, och trots att Wallace kommit på samma teori som Darwin oberoende av denna tillskrev han Darwin hela äran. Det var till och med Wallace som myntade uttrycket ''darwinism'' för att beskriva teorin, och han kallade Darwin för "naturhistoriens Newton" (the Newton of natural history). Wallace var en ivrig anhängare av [[spiritism]]en. Han tilldelades [[Royal Medal]] 1868, [[Darwinmedaljen]] 1890, [[Linnean Medal]] 1892 och [[Copleymedaljen]] samt [[Förtjänstorden]] 1908. {{botaniker|Wallace|Wallace (auktor)}} == Bates-Wallaces mimikry == Wallace har fått en variant av [[mimikry#Peckhams mimikry|aggressiv mimikry]] uppkallad efter sig. Det är Bates-Wallaces mimikry eller Peckhams mimikry, där rovdjur liknar sina bytesdjur för att ha lättare att komma dem in på livet.<ref name="Pasteur_169">{{Harvnb|Pasteur|1982|p=169-199 }}</ref> == Se även == * [[Wallacelinjen]] == Källor == === Fotnoter === <references /> === Tryckta källor === * {{tidskriftsref| författare = Pasteur, G. | år = 1982 | titel = A classificatory review of mimicry systems | tidskrift = Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics | volym = 13 | nummer = | sidor= | doi = 10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.001125 }} == Externa länkar == * {{Commonscat|Alfred Russel Wallace}} * [http://wallace-online.org/ Wallace Online] National University of Singapores webbsida om Wallace. * [http://people.wku.edu/charles.smith/index1.htm The Alfred Russel Wallace Page] Western Kentucky Universitys webbsida om Wallace. {{Copleymedaljörer 1901-1950|state=collapsed}} {{Auktoritetsdata}} {{STANDARDSORTERING:Wallace, Alfred Russel}} [[Kategori:Engelska biologer]] 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