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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-How_yEnc_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_yEnc_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>How yEnc works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-How_yEnc_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Problems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-yEncode_adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#yEncode_adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>yEncode adoption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-yEncode_adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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hreflang="es" data-title="YEnc" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/YEnc" title="YEnc – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="YEnc" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/YEnc" title="YEnc – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="YEnc" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/YEnc" title="YEnc – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="YEnc" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">File transfer encoding scheme</div> <p><b>yEnc</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding" title="Binary-to-text encoding">binary-to-text encoding</a> scheme for transferring binary files in messages on <a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a> or via <a href="/wiki/E-mail" class="mw-redirect" title="E-mail">e-mail</a>. It reduces the <a href="/wiki/Computational_overhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Computational overhead">overhead</a> over previous <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">US-ASCII</a>-based encoding methods by using an <a href="/wiki/8-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="8-bit">8-bit</a> encoding method. yEnc's overhead is often (if each byte value appears approximately with the same frequency on average) as little as 1–2%,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compared to 33–40% overhead for 6-bit encoding methods like <a href="/wiki/Uuencode" class="mw-redirect" title="Uuencode">uuencode</a> and <a href="/wiki/Base64" title="Base64">Base64</a>. yEnc was initially developed by Jürgen Helbing, and its first release was early 2001. By 2003 yEnc became the de facto standard encoding system for binary files on Usenet.<sup id="cite_ref-Fellows2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fellows2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name yEncode is a wordplay on <i>"Why encode?"</i>, since the idea is to only encode characters if it is absolutely required to adhere to the message format standard.<sup id="cite_ref-KimSchneider2010_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KimSchneider2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="How_yEnc_works">How yEnc works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YEnc&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: How yEnc works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Usenet and email message bodies were intended to contain only ASCII characters (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc822">822</a> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2822">2822</a>). Most competing encodings represent binary files by converting them into printable ASCII characters, because the range of printable ASCII characters is supported by most operating systems. However, since this reduces the available character set considerably, there is significant overhead (wasted bandwidth) over 8bit-byte networks. For example, in uuencode and Base64, three bytes of data are encoded into four printable ASCII characters, which equals four bytes, a 33% overhead (not including the overhead from headers). yEnc uses one character (one byte) to represent one byte of the file, with a few exceptions. </p><p>yEnc assumes that binary data mostly can be transmitted through Usenet and email. Therefore, 252 of the 256 possible bytes are passed through unencoded as a single byte, whether that result is a printable ASCII character or not. Only <a href="/wiki/Null_character" title="Null character">NUL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_feed" class="mw-redirect" title="Line feed">LF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carriage_return" title="Carriage return">CR</a>, and = are <a href="/wiki/Escape_character" title="Escape character">escaped</a>. LF and CR are escaped because the RFCs that define <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> messages still require that carriage returns and line feeds have special meaning in a mail message. = is the escape character, so it itself is escaped. NUL is also escaped because of problems handling null characters in common code, although as an optimization yEnc adds 42 to every source byte so that, not uncommon, long stretches of zero bytes do not require a lot of escaping. </p><p>There is no <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> or other standards document describing yEnc.<sup id="cite_ref-AHD2006_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHD2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The yEnc homepage contains a <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">draft informal</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> specification and a grammar <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">(which contradict <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2822">2822</a> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2045">2045</a>),</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">although neither has been submitted to the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">As with uuencoding, despite its flaws, yEnc remains<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2019)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> active and effective on Usenet.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The yEnc homepage states that "<i>all major newsreaders have been extended to yEnc support</i>". <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Outlook_Express" title="Outlook Express">Outlook Express</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Mail" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Mail">Windows Mail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Live_Mail" title="Windows Live Mail">Windows Live Mail</a> do not provide yEnc support for either news or mail, but there are <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plug-ins</a> available. <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird" title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Mozilla Thunderbird</a> will decode single-part yEnc files, but is not able to combine multi-part binaries.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Problems">Problems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YEnc&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many programmers and news admins have outlined the weaknesses of yEnc.<sup id="cite_ref-opponents_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opponents-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It suffers from many of the same flaws as uuencode does, a number of which had already been solved years before by <a href="/wiki/MIME" title="MIME">MIME</a> (which addressed the same flaws in uuencode). For example, yEnc requires the strings "=ybegin" and "=yend" to be placed around the encoded file in the message body.<sup id="cite_ref-KimSchneider2010_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KimSchneider2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this is an improvement over uuencode's "begin" and "end", which occur more frequently in normal text, message readers can still encounter the strings outside of attachments (most frequently in discussions about yEnc itself). yEnc <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">and uuencode</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Isn't file splitting outside of the scope? (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> also attempt to reassemble files split into multiple messages by using the subject line, which is unreliable.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (February 2019)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="yEncode_adoption">yEncode adoption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YEnc&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: yEncode adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The yEncode draft proposal document was made available on 31 July 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A reference encoder and decoder was included in the MyNews 1.9 freeware version in November that year.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yDec, a freeware win32 decoder came on 14 November 2001. On 21 March 2002, <a href="/wiki/Fort%C3%A9_Agent" title="Forté Agent">Agent</a> supported yEnc with version 1.91.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to feedback of Juergen Helbing, the release was postponed by one week.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A couple of days after the release Jürgen Helbing wrote that Forté implemented yEnc <i>in the best way imaginable</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/StuffIt" title="StuffIt">Stuffit Deluxe</a> added yEnc support with version 8.0 in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PowerArchiver 9.2 added yEnc support in May 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YEnc&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHelbing2002" class="citation web cs1">Helbing, Juergen (28 February 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yenc.org/yenc-draft.1.3.txt">"yEncode - A quick and dirty encoding for binaries"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=yEncode+-+A+quick+and+dirty+encoding+for+binaries&rft.date=2002-02-28&rft.aulast=Helbing&rft.aufirst=Juergen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yenc.org%2Fyenc-draft.1.3.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fellows2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fellows2006_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFellows2006" class="citation journal cs1">Fellows, G. (2006). "Newsgroups reborn – The binary posting renaissance". <i>Digital Investigation</i>. <b>3</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">73–</span>78. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.diin.2006.04.006">10.1016/j.diin.2006.04.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1742-2876">1742-2876</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+Investigation&rft.atitle=Newsgroups+reborn+%E2%80%93+The+binary+posting+renaissance&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E78&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.diin.2006.04.006&rft.issn=1742-2876&rft.aulast=Fellows&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KimSchneider2010-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KimSchneider2010_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KimSchneider2010_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKimSchneiderAgerFeldmann2010" class="citation book cs1">Kim, Juhoon; Schneider, Fabian; Ager, Bernhard; Feldmann, Anja (2010). "Today's Usenet Usage: NNTP Traffic Characterization". <i>2010 INFOCOM IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>6. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.679.6023">10.1.1.679.6023</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FINFCOMW.2010.5466665">10.1109/INFCOMW.2010.5466665</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4244-6739-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4244-6739-6"><bdi>978-1-4244-6739-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:18282467">18282467</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Today%27s+Usenet+Usage%3A+NNTP+Traffic+Characterization&rft.btitle=2010+INFOCOM+IEEE+Conference+on+Computer+Communications+Workshops&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.679.6023%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A18282467%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FINFCOMW.2010.5466665&rft.isbn=978-1-4244-6739-6&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Juhoon&rft.au=Schneider%2C+Fabian&rft.au=Ager%2C+Bernhard&rft.au=Feldmann%2C+Anja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHD2006-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AHD2006_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/highdefinitionan00edit/page/353/mode/2up"><i>High Definition: An A to Z Guide to Personal Technology</i></a></span>. 2006. p. 353. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0618714896" title="Special:BookSources/978-0618714896"><bdi>978-0618714896</bdi></a>. <q>While there are no official standards for yEnc, it is widely used for posting binary files on newsgroups</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=High+Definition%3A+An+A+to+Z+Guide+to+Personal+Technology&rft.pages=353&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0618714896&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhighdefinitionan00edit%2Fpage%2F353%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation mailinglist cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://markmail.org/message/uk4w6mth3p7pe5xf">"Yenc support in Thunderbird?"</a>. <i>org.mozilla.lists.support-thunderbird</i> (Mailing list). 18 May 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yenc+support+in+Thunderbird%3F&rft.date=2006-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarkmail.org%2Fmessage%2Fuk4w6mth3p7pe5xf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-opponents-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-opponents_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHelbing2002" class="citation web cs1">Helbing, Jürgen (10 June 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yenc.org/opponent.htm">"Opponents to yEnc"</a>. <i>yenc.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130828001711/http://www.yenc.org/opponent.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yenc.org&rft.atitle=Opponents+to+yEnc&rft.date=2002-06-10&rft.aulast=Helbing&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yenc.org%2Fopponent.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNixon2002" class="citation web cs1">Nixon, Jeremy (17 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130829160545/http://www.exit109.com/~jeremy/news/yenc.html">"Why yEnc is bad for Usenet"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exit109.com/~jeremy/news/yenc.html">the original</a> on 29 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+yEnc+is+bad+for+Usenet&rft.date=2002-03-17&rft.aulast=Nixon&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exit109.com%2F~jeremy%2Fnews%2Fyenc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWelch2002" class="citation web cs1">Welch, Curt (19 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130811090521/http://exit109.com/~jeremy/news/yenc-cw.html">"What's wrong with yEnc?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exit109.com/~jeremy/news/yenc-cw.html">the original</a> on 11 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+wrong+with+yEnc%3F&rft.date=2002-09-19&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=Curt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exit109.com%2F~jeremy%2Fnews%2Fyenc-cw.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFärber2002" class="citation web cs1">Färber, Claus (4 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090601062851/http://www.faerber.muc.de/temp/20020304-yenc-harmful.html">"yEnc considered harmful"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faerber.muc.de/temp/20020304-yenc-harmful.html">the original</a> on 1 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=yEnc+considered+harmful&rft.date=2002-03-04&rft.aulast=F%C3%A4rber&rft.aufirst=Claus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faerber.muc.de%2Ftemp%2F20020304-yenc-harmful.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yenc.org/yEnc-draft-1.txt">"The original draft yEnc 1.0"</a>. 31 July 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+original+draft+yEnc+1.0&rft.date=2001-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yenc.org%2FyEnc-draft-1.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJuergen_"The_Archiver"_Helbing" class="citation web cs1">Juergen "The Archiver" Helbing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winews.net/news/a-brandnew19.htm">"New features in 1.9"</a>. <i>winews.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=winews.net&rft.atitle=New+features+in+1.9&rft.au=Juergen+%22The+Archiver%22+Helbing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winews.net%2Fnews%2Fa-brandnew19.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forteinc.com/news/bulletin.php?id=agent191gr">"Agent 1.91 is Released"</a>. <i>forteinc.com</i>. <q>Agent 1.91 provides full support for yEnc, a new Usenet encoding algorithm for binaries.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=forteinc.com&rft.atitle=Agent+1.91+is+Released&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forteinc.com%2Fnews%2Fbulletin.php%3Fid%3Dagent191gr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpanbauer2002" class="citation journal cs1">Spanbauer, Scott (August 2002). "Revision control - Latest Software Tweaks (Listen to a world of radio stations on the Internet)". <i>PC World</i>. <b>20</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">138–</span>139. <q>Version 1.92 of Forté's Usenet newsreader adds a trash folder, improves some existing features, and takes care of various bugs; but more important than the fixes and enhancements is the application's added support for the YEnc binary encoding algorithm.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+World&rft.atitle=Revision+control+-+Latest+Software+Tweaks+%28Listen+to+a+world+of+radio+stations+on+the+Internet%29&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E138-%3C%2Fspan%3E139&rft.date=2002-08&rft.aulast=Spanbauer&rft.aufirst=Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forteinc.com/news/bulletin.php?id=agent191more">"Agent 1.91 needs one more week"</a>. <i>Forté</i>. 15 March 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fort%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Agent+1.91+needs+one+more+week&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forteinc.com%2Fnews%2Fbulletin.php%3Fid%3Dagent191more&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forteinc.com/news/bulletin.php?id=agent191juergen">"Juergen Helbing's feedback on yEnc and Agent 1.91"</a>. <i>Forté</i>. 17 March 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fort%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Juergen+Helbing%27s+feedback+on+yEnc+and+Agent+1.91&rft.date=2002-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forteinc.com%2Fnews%2Fbulletin.php%3Fid%3Dagent191juergen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHelbing2002" class="citation web cs1">Helbing, Jürgen (22 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yenc.org/forte.htm">"Forte Agent 1.91 supports yEnc"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forte+Agent+1.91+supports+yEnc&rft.date=2002-03-22&rft.aulast=Helbing&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yenc.org%2Fforte.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSellers2003" class="citation web cs1">Sellers, Dennis (22 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macworld.com/article/1026760/stuffit.html">"StuffIt Deluxe 8.0 gets new plug-ins, performance boost"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Macworld" title="Macworld">Macworld</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macworld&rft.atitle=StuffIt+Deluxe+8.0+gets+new+plug-ins%2C+performance+boost&rft.date=2003-09-22&rft.aulast=Sellers&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macworld.com%2Farticle%2F1026760%2Fstuffit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBreen2004" class="citation journal cs1">Breen, Christopher (July 2004). "Stufflt Deluxe 8.0". <i>Macworld</i>. <b>21</b> (7): 40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Macworld&rft.atitle=Stufflt+Deluxe+8.0&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=40&rft.date=2004-07&rft.aulast=Breen&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichard_V._Dragan2005" class="citation web cs1">Richard V. Dragan (4 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1811881,00.asp">"File Compression: PowerArchiver 9.2"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=File+Compression%3A+PowerArchiver+9.2&rft.date=2005-05-04&rft.au=Richard+V.+Dragan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcmag.com%2Farticle2%2F0%2C2817%2C1811881%2C00.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYEnc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YEnc&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yenc.org/">yEnc homepage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yenc.org/yenc-draft.1.3.txt">yEnc specification text</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://b-news.sourceforge.net/yenc.html">"The story of B-News and his younger brother, yEnc."</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050122070204/http://www.ser1.net/Files/Essays/yEnc.html">"Why yEnc is Good for Usenet"</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Data_exchange" title="Template:Data exchange"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Data_exchange" title="Template talk:Data exchange"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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