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Safi</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Muhammad Safi"> <meta name="keywords" content="Muhammad Safi"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Muhammad Safi"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 312</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Muhammad Safi</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">312</span> Studies on Seasonal Variations of Physico- Chemical Parameters of Fish Farm at Govt. Nursery Unit, Muzaffargarh, Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem">Muhammad Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdus%20Salam"> Abdus Salam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Ashraf"> Muhammad Ashraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Imran"> Muhammad Imran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mehtab%20Ahmad"> Mehtab Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Jamshed%20Khan"> Muhammad Jamshed Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Mazhar%20Ayaz"> Muhammad Mazhar Ayaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muzaffar%20Ali"> Muzaffar Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arshad%20Ali"> Arshad Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Memoona%20Qayyum%20Abir%20Ishtiaq"> Memoona Qayyum Abir Ishtiaq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The present study was designed to demonstrate the seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters of fish farm at Govt. Nursery Unit, Muzaffargarh, Department of Fisheries Govt. of Punjab, Pakistan for a period of eight months from January to August 2008. Water samples were collected on fifteen days basis and have been analyzed for estimation of Air temperature, Water temperature, Light penetration, pH, Total dissolved oxygen, Clouds, Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Total carbonates, Total dissolved solids, Chlorides, Calcium and Hardness. Seasonal fluctuations were observed in all the physico-chemical parameters of fish farm. The overall physicochemical parameters of fish pond water remained within the tolerable range throughout the study period.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Freshwater" title="Freshwater">Freshwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fish%20farm" title=" Fish farm"> Fish farm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Water%20quality" title=" Water quality"> Water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seasonal%20variation" title=" Seasonal variation"> Seasonal variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chemical%20factor" title=" Chemical factor"> Chemical factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/studies-on-seasonal-variations-of-physico-chemical-parameters-of-fish-farm-at-govt-nursery-unit-muzaffargarh-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">311</span> Use of Pesticides and Their Role in Environmental Pollution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Jamil%20Khan">Muhammad Jamil Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Sharif%20Zia"> Muhammad Sharif Zia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Qasim"> Muhammad Qasim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Insect pests are the major source of crop damage, yield and quality reduction in Pakistan and else where in the world. Cotton crop is the most hit crop in Pakistan followed by rice and the second most important foreign exchange earning crop. A wide variety of staple, horticultural and cash crops grown, reflect serious problems of many types of insect pests. To overcome the insect pest problem, pesticide use in Pakistan has increased substantially which has now been further intensified. Pesticides worth more than billions of rupees are imported every year. This paper reviews the over all pesticide use in Pakistan in relation to pesticide prices, support price of cotton and rice, pesticide use in different provinces of Pakistan on different crops and their impact on crop productivity. The environmental pollution caused by the use of pesticides, contamination of soil and water resources and the danger associated with the disposal of their empty containers is also discussed in detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pesticide%20use" title="Pesticide use">Pesticide use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=crop%20productivity" title=" crop productivity"> crop productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=environmentalpollution" title=" environmentalpollution"> environmentalpollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/use-of-pesticides-and-their-role-in-environmental-pollution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">310</span> The Malacca Empire: Sayings of Prophet Muhammad in Sulalat Al-Salatin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdur-Rahman%20M.%20A.">Abdur-Rahman M. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20M.%20Mohd.%20Ali"> R. M. Mohd. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20A.%20I.%20R.%20Yaacob."> R. A. I. R. Yaacob.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the fifteenth century, the Malacca Empire emerged as the centre of Islamic civilization in the Malay Archipelago. The history had been recorded in Sulalat Al-Salatin, an important literary source about the genealogy of all Kings in Malacca. The objective of this study was to analyze the understanding of sayings from Prophet Muhammad among Malays in Malacca during the fifteenth century through all of the hadith quoted in Sulalat Al-Salatin. This study used content analysis methodology to validate the sayings where all of them were critically analyzed and compared with the classical hadith sources from prominent Muslim scholars. As a result, only two out of the four quotations were considered as authentic sayings of Prophet Muhammad. This study also showed the importance of the palace as the centre of the Islamic education system and the role played by Muslim preachers from outside of Malacca to propagate Islam in Malacca. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hadith%20in%20Malay%20Annals" title="Hadith in Malay Annals">Hadith in Malay Annals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Malay%20Annals" title=" Malay Annals"> Malay Annals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SejarahMelayu" title=" SejarahMelayu"> SejarahMelayu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sulalat%20Al-Salatin." title=" Sulalat Al-Salatin."> Sulalat Al-Salatin.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/the-malacca-empire-sayings-of-prophet-muhammad-in-sulalat-al-salatin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1714</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">309</span> A Review of Emerging Technologies in Antennas and Phased Arrays for Avionics Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Safi">Muhammad Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Manan"> Abdul Manan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In recent years, research in aircraft avionics systems (i.e., radars and antennas) has grown revolutionary. Aircraft technology is experiencing an increasing inclination from all mechanical to all electrical aircraft, with the introduction of inhabitant air vehicles and drone taxis over the last few years. This develops an overriding need to summarize the history, latest trends, and future development in aircraft avionics research for a better understanding and development of new technologies in the domain of avionics systems. This paper focuses on the future trends in antennas and phased arrays for avionics systems. Along with the general overview of the future avionics trend, this work describes the review of around 50 high-quality research papers on aircraft communication systems. Electric-powered aircrafts have been a hot topic in the modern aircraft world. Electric aircrafts have supremacy over their conventional counterparts. Due to increased drone taxi and urban air mobility, fast and reliable communication is very important, so concepts of Broadband Integrated Digital Avionics Information Exchange Networks (B-IDAIENs) and Modular Avionics are being researched for better communication of future aircraft. A Ku-band phased array antenna based on a modular design can be used in a modular avionics system. Furthermore, integrated avionics is also emerging research in future avionics. The main focus of work in future avionics will be using integrated modular avionics and infra-red phased array antennas, which are discussed in detail in this paper. Other work such as reconfigurable antennas and optical communication, are also discussed in this paper. The future of modern aircraft avionics would be based on integrated modulated avionics and small artificial intelligence-based antennas. Optical and infrared communication will also replace microwave frequencies.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=AI" title="AI">AI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=avionics%20systems" title=" avionics systems"> avionics systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=electric%20aircrafts" title=" electric aircrafts"> electric aircrafts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Infra-red" title=" Infra-red"> Infra-red</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=integrated%20avionics" title=" integrated avionics"> integrated avionics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=modular%20avionics" title=" modular avionics"> modular avionics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=phased%20array" title=" phased array"> phased array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reconfigurable%20antenna" title=" reconfigurable antenna"> reconfigurable antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=UAVs." title=" UAVs."> UAVs.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013598/a-review-of-emerging-technologies-in-antennas-and-phased-arrays-for-avionics-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013598/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013598/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013598/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013598/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013598/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013598/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013598/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013598/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013598/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013598/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">308</span> Optimization of Growth Conditions for Acidic Protease Production from Rhizopus oligosporus through Solid State Fermentation of Sunflower Meal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Rauf">Abdul Rauf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Irfan"> Muhammad Irfan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Nadeem"> Muhammad Nadeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ishtiaq%20Ahmed"> Ishtiaq Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hafiz%20Muhammad%20Nasir%20Iqbal">Hafiz Muhammad Nasir Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rhizopus oligosporus was used in the present study for the production of protease enzyme under SSF. Sunflower meal was used as by-product of oil industry incorporated with organic salts was employed for the production of protease enzyme. The main purpose of the present was to study different parameters of protease productivity, its yields and to optimize basal fermentation conditions. The optimal conditions found for protease production using sunflower meal as a substrate in the present study were inoculum size (1%), substrate (Sunflower meal), substrate concentration (20 g), pH (3), cultivation period (72 h), incubation temperature (35oC), substrate to diluent-s ratio (1:2) and tween 81 (1 mL). The maximum production of protease in the presence of cheaper substrate at low concentration and stability at acidic pH, these characteristics make the strain and its enzymes useful in different industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Acidic%20protease" title="Acidic protease">Acidic protease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rhizopus%20oligosporus" title=" Rhizopus oligosporus"> Rhizopus oligosporus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mediaoptimization" title=" Mediaoptimization"> Mediaoptimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solid%20state%20Fermentation" title=" Solid state Fermentation"> Solid state Fermentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/optimization-of-growth-conditions-for-acidic-protease-production-from-rhizopus-oligosporus-through-solid-state-fermentation-of-sunflower-meal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3002</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">307</span> Study of Adaptive Filtering Algorithms and the Equalization of Radio Mobile Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Said%20Elkassimi">Said Elkassimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Said%20Safi"> Said Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Manaut"> B. Manaut</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presented a study of three algorithms, the equalization algorithm to equalize the transmission channel with ZF and MMSE criteria, application of channel Bran A, and adaptive filtering algorithms LMS and RLS to estimate the parameters of the equalizer filter, i.e. move to the channel estimation and therefore reflect the temporal variations of the channel, and reduce the error in the transmitted signal. So far the performance of the algorithm equalizer with ZF and MMSE criteria both in the case without noise, a comparison of performance of the LMS and RLS algorithm.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adaptive%20filtering%20second%20equalizer" title="Adaptive filtering second equalizer">Adaptive filtering second equalizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LMS" title=" LMS"> LMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RLS%20Bran%0D%0AA" title=" RLS Bran A"> RLS Bran A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Proakis%20%28B%29%20MMSE" title=" Proakis (B) MMSE"> Proakis (B) MMSE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZF." title=" ZF."> ZF.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001732/study-of-adaptive-filtering-algorithms-and-the-equalization-of-radio-mobile-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001732/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001732/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001732/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001732/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001732/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001732/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001732/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001732/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001732/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001732/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">306</span> Higher Order Statistics for Identification of Minimum Phase Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammed%20Zidane">Mohammed Zidane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Said%20Safi"> Said Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Sabri"> Mohamed Sabri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20Boumezzough"> Ahmed Boumezzough</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper describes a blind algorithm, which is compared with two another algorithms proposed in the literature, for estimating of the minimum phase channel parameters. In order to identify blindly the impulse response of these channels, we have used Higher Order Statistics (HOS) to build our algorithm. The simulation results in noisy environment, demonstrate that the proposed method could estimate the phase and magnitude with high accuracy of these channels blindly and without any information about the input, except that the input excitation is identically and independent distribute (i.i.d) and non-Gaussian.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=System%20Identification" title="System Identification">System Identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Higher%20Order%20Statistics" title=" Higher Order Statistics"> Higher Order Statistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Communication%20Channels." title=" Communication Channels."> Communication Channels.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998803/higher-order-statistics-for-identification-of-minimum-phase-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998803/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998803/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998803/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998803/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998803/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998803/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998803/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998803/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998803/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998803/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1672</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">305</span> Numerical Example of Aperiodic Diffraction Grating</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Youssef%20Khmou">Youssef Khmou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Said%20Safi"> Said Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Miloud%20Frikel"> Miloud Frikel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diffraction grating is periodic module used in many engineering fields, its geometrical conception gives interesting properties of diffraction and interferences, a uniform and periodic diffraction grating consists of a number of identical apertures that are equally spaced, in this case, the amplitude of intensity distribution in the far field region is generally modulated by diffraction pattern of single aperture. In this paper, we study the case of aperiodic diffraction grating with identical rectangular apertures where theirs coordinates are modeled by square root function, we elaborate a computer simulation comparatively to the periodic array with same length and we discuss the numerical results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Diffraction%20grating" title="Diffraction grating">Diffraction grating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=interferences" title=" interferences"> interferences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=amplitude%0D%0Amodulation" title=" amplitude modulation"> amplitude modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=laser." title=" laser."> laser.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006777/numerical-example-of-aperiodic-diffraction-grating" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006777/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006777/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006777/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006777/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006777/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006777/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006777/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006777/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006777/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006777/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1080</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">304</span> Recognition of Tifinagh Characters with Missing Parts Using Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=El%20Mahdi%20Barrah">El Mahdi Barrah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Said%20Safi"> Said Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdessamad%20Malaoui"> Abdessamad Malaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we present an algorithm for reconstruction from incomplete 2D scans for tifinagh characters. This algorithm is based on using correlation between the lost block and its neighbors. This system proposed contains three main parts: pre-processing, features extraction and recognition. In the first step<strong><span dir="RTL">,</span></strong> we construct a database of tifinagh characters. In the second step, we will apply “shape analysis algorithm”. In classification part, we will use Neural Network. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method give good results.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tifinagh%20character%20recognition" title="Tifinagh character recognition">Tifinagh character recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Neural%20networks" title=" Neural networks"> Neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Local%20cost%20computation." title=" Local cost computation."> Local cost computation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003898/recognition-of-tifinagh-characters-with-missing-parts-using-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003898/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003898/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003898/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003898/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003898/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003898/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003898/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003898/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003898/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003898/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">303</span> Effect of Varying Diets on Growth, Development and Survival of Queen Bee (Apis mellifera L.) in Captivity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Anjum%20Aqueel">Muhammad Anjum Aqueel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zaighum%20Abbas"> Zaighum Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mubasshir%20Sohail"> Mubasshir Sohail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Abubakar"> Muhammad Abubakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hafiz%20Khurram%20Shurjeel"> Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abu%20Bakar%20Muhammad%20Raza"> Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Afzal"> Muhammad Afzal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sami%20Ullah"> Sami Ullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Keeping in view the increasing demand, queen of <em>Apis mellifera</em> L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was reared artificially in this experiment at varying diets including royal jelly. Larval duration, pupal duration, weight, and size of pupae were evaluated at different diets including royal jelly. Queen larvae were raised by Doo Little grafting method. Four different diets were mixed with royal jelly and applied to larvae. Fructose, sugar, yeast, and honey were provided to rearing queen larvae along with same amount of royal jelly. Larval and pupal duration were longest (6.15 and 7.5 days, respectively) at yeast and shortest on honey (5.05 and 7.02 days, respectively). Heavier and bigger pupae were recorded on yeast (168.14 mg and 1.76 cm, respectively) followed by diets having sugar and honey. Due to production of heavier and bigger pupae, yeast was considered as best artificial diet for the growing queen larvae. So, in the second part of experiment, different amounts of yeast were provided to growing larvae along with fixed amount (0.5 g) of royal jelly. Survival rates of the larvae and queen bee were 70% and 40% in the 4-g food, 86.7% and 53.3% in the 6-g food, and 76.7% and 50% in the 8-g food. Weight of adult queen bee (1.459±0.191 g) and the number of ovarioles (41.7±21.3) were highest at 8 g of food. Results of this study are helpful for bee-keepers in producing fitter queen bees.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Apis%20melifera%20L." title="Apis melifera L.">Apis melifera L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dietary%20effect" title=" dietary effect"> dietary effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=survival%20and%20development" title=" survival and development"> survival and development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=honey%20bee%20queen." title=" honey bee queen."> honey bee queen.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/effect-of-varying-diets-on-growth-development-and-survival-of-queen-bee-apis-mellifera-l-in-captivity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">302</span> Simulation of Immiscibility Regions in Sodium Borosilicate Glasses </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Aboutaleb">D. Aboutaleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Safi"> B. Safi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, sodium borosilicates glasses were prepared by melting in air. These heat-resistant transparent glasses have subjected subsequently isothermal treatments at different times, which have transformed them at opaque glass (milky white color). Such changes indicate that these glasses showed clearly phase separation (immiscibility). The immiscibility region in a sodium borosilicate ternary system was investigated in this work, i.e. to determine the regions from which some compositions can show phase separation. For this we went through the conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium, which were translated later by mathematical equations to find an approximate solution. The latter has been translated in a simulation which was established thereafter to find the immiscibility regions in this type of special glasses.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sodium%20borosilicate" title="Sodium borosilicate">Sodium borosilicate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heat-resistant" title=" heat-resistant"> heat-resistant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=isothermal%20treatments" title=" isothermal treatments"> isothermal treatments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=immiscibility" title=" immiscibility"> immiscibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermodynamics%20four." title=" thermodynamics four."> thermodynamics four.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999145/simulation-of-immiscibility-regions-in-sodium-borosilicate-glasses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999145/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999145/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999145/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999145/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999145/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999145/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999145/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999145/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999145/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999145/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">301</span> Blind Non-Minimum Phase Channel Identification Using 3rd and 4th Order Cumulants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Safi">S. Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Zeroual"> A. Zeroual</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we propose a family of algorithms based on 3rd and 4th order cumulants for blind single-input single-output (SISO) Non-Minimum Phase (NMP) Finite Impulse Response (FIR) channel estimation driven by non-Gaussian signal. The input signal represents the signal used in 10GBASE-T (or IEEE 802.3an-2006) as a Tomlinson-Harashima Precoded (THP) version of random Pulse-Amplitude Modulation with 16 discrete levels (PAM-16). The proposed algorithms are tested using three non-minimum phase channel for different Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR) and for different data input length. Numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Higher%20Order%20Cumulants" title="Higher Order Cumulants">Higher Order Cumulants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Channel%20identification" title=" Channel identification"> Channel identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ethernet%20communication." title=" Ethernet communication."> Ethernet communication.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7176/blind-non-minimum-phase-channel-identification-using-3rd-and-4th-order-cumulants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7176/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7176/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7176/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7176/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7176/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7176/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7176/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7176/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7176/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7176/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">300</span> Extended Set of DCT-TPLBP and DCT-FPLBP for Face Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=El%20Mahdi%20Barrah">El Mahdi Barrah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Said%20Safi"> Said Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdessamad%20Malaoui"> Abdessamad Malaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we describe an application for face recognition. Many studies have used local descriptors to characterize a face, the performance of these local descriptors remain low by global descriptors (working on the entire image). The application of local descriptors (cutting image into blocks) must be able to store both the advantages of global and local methods in the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain. This system uses neural network techniques. The letter method provides a good compromise between the two approaches in terms of simplifying of calculation and classifying performance. Finally, we compare our results with those obtained from other local and global conventional approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Face%20detection" title="Face detection">Face detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=face%20recognition" title=" face recognition"> face recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=discrete%20cosine%0D%0Atransform%20%28DCT%29" title=" discrete cosine transform (DCT)"> discrete cosine transform (DCT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FPLBP" title=" FPLBP"> FPLBP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=TPLBP" title=" TPLBP"> TPLBP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NN." title=" NN."> NN.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002800/extended-set-of-dct-tplbp-and-dct-fplbp-for-face-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002800/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002800/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002800/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002800/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002800/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002800/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002800/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002800/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002800/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002800/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1973</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">299</span> Generalized Maximum Entropy Method for Cosmic Source Localization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Youssef%20Khmou">Youssef Khmou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Said%20Safi"> Said Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Miloud%20Frikel"> Miloud Frikel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The Maximum entropy principle in spectral analysis was used as an estimator of Direction of Arrival (DoA) of electromagnetic or acoustic sources impinging on an array of sensors, indeed the maximum entropy operator is very efficient when the signals of the radiating sources are ergodic and complex zero mean random processes which is the case for cosmic sources. In this paper, we present basic review of the maximum entropy method (MEM) which consists of rank one operator but not a projector, and we elaborate a new operator which is full rank and sum of all possible projectors. Two dimensional Simulation results based on Monte Carlo trials prove the resolution power of the new operator where the MEM presents some erroneous fluctuations.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maximum%20entropy" title="Maximum entropy">Maximum entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cosmic%20source" title=" Cosmic source"> Cosmic source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Localization" title=" Localization"> Localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=operator" title=" operator"> operator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=projector" title=" projector"> projector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=azimuth" title=" azimuth"> azimuth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=elevation" title=" elevation"> elevation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DoA" title=" DoA"> DoA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=circular%20array." title=" circular array."> circular array.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999616/generalized-maximum-entropy-method-for-cosmic-source-localization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999616/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999616/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999616/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999616/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999616/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999616/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999616/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999616/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999616/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999616/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">298</span> Angle of Arrival Detection with Fifth Order Phase Operators </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Youssef%20Khmou">Youssef Khmou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Said%20Safi"> Said Safi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, a fifth order propagator operators are proposed for estimating the Angles Of Arrival (AOA) of narrowband electromagnetic waves impinging on antenna array when its number of sensors is larger than the number of radiating sources.</p> <p>The array response matrix is partitioned into five linearly dependent phases to construct the noise projector using five different propagators from non diagonal blocks of the spectral matrice of the received data; hence, five different estimators are proposed to estimate the angles of the sources. The simulation results proved the performance of the proposed estimators in the presence of white noise comparatively to high resolution eigen based spectra.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DOA" title="DOA">DOA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=narrowband" title=" narrowband"> narrowband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=antenna" title=" antenna"> antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=propagator" title=" propagator"> propagator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=high%20resolution.%20Array" title=" high resolution. Array"> high resolution. Array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=operator" title=" operator"> operator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=angular" title=" angular"> angular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectrum" title=" spectrum"> spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=goniometry." title=" goniometry."> goniometry.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998934/angle-of-arrival-detection-with-fifth-order-phase-operators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998934/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998934/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998934/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998934/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998934/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998934/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998934/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998934/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998934/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998934/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">297</span> A Survey on Facial Feature Points Detection Techniques and Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rachid%20Ahdid">Rachid Ahdid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khaddouj%20Taifi"> Khaddouj Taifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Said%20Safi"> Said Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bouzid%20Manaut"> Bouzid Manaut</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Automatic detection of facial feature points plays an important role in applications such as facial feature tracking, human-machine interaction and face recognition. The majority of facial feature points detection methods using two-dimensional or three-dimensional data are covered in existing survey papers. In this article chosen approaches to the facial features detection have been gathered and described. This overview focuses on the class of researches exploiting facial feature points detection to represent facial surface for two-dimensional or three-dimensional face. In the conclusion, we discusses advantages and disadvantages of the presented algorithms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Facial%20feature%20points" title="Facial feature points">Facial feature points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=face%20recognition" title=" face recognition"> face recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=facial%20feature%0D%0Atracking" title=" facial feature tracking"> facial feature tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=two-dimensional%20data" title=" two-dimensional data"> two-dimensional data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=three-dimensional%20data." title=" three-dimensional data."> three-dimensional data.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005826/a-survey-on-facial-feature-points-detection-techniques-and-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005826/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005826/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005826/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005826/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005826/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005826/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005826/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005826/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005826/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005826/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1681</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">296</span> Extending the Quantum Entropy to Multidimensional Signal Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Youssef%20Khmou">Youssef Khmou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Said%20Safi"> Said Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Miloud%20Frikel"> Miloud Frikel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper treats different aspects of entropy measure in classical information theory and statistical quantum mechanics, it presents the possibility of extending the definition of Von Neumann entropy to image and array processing. In the first part, we generalize the quantum entropy using singular values of arbitrary rectangular matrices to measure the randomness and the quality of denoising operation, this new definition of entropy can be implemented to compare the performance analysis of filtering methods. In the second part, we apply the concept of pure state in quantum formalism to generalize the maximum entropy method for narrowband and farfield source localization problem. Several computer simulation results are illustrated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Von%20Neumann%20entropy" title="Von Neumann entropy">Von Neumann entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Filtering" title=" Filtering"> Filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=array" title=" array"> array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DoA" title=" DoA"> DoA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maximum%20Entropy%20Method." title=" Maximum Entropy Method."> Maximum Entropy Method.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002278/extending-the-quantum-entropy-to-multidimensional-signal-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002278/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002278/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002278/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002278/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002278/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002278/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002278/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002278/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002278/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002278/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">295</span> Lithium Oxide Effect on the Thermal and Physical Properties of the Ternary System Glasses (Li2O3-B2O3-Al2O3)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Aboutaleb">D. Aboutaleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Safi"> B. Safi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The borate glasses are known by their structural characterized by existence of unit’s structural composed by triangles and tetrahedrons boron in different configurations depending on the percentage of B2O3 in the glass chemical composition. In this paper, effect of lithium oxide addition on the thermal and physical properties of an alumina borate glass, was investigated. It was found that the boron abnormality has a significant effect in the change of glass properties according to the addition rate of lithium oxide.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Borate%20glasses" title="Borate glasses">Borate glasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=triangles%20and%20tetrahedrons%20boron" title=" triangles and tetrahedrons boron"> triangles and tetrahedrons boron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lithium%20oxide" title=" Lithium oxide"> Lithium oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boron%20anomaly" title=" Boron anomaly"> Boron anomaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%20properties" title=" thermal properties"> thermal properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=physical%0D%0Aproperties." title=" physical properties."> physical properties.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000714/lithium-oxide-effect-on-the-thermal-and-physical-properties-of-the-ternary-system-glasses-li2o3-b2o3-al2o3" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000714/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000714/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000714/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000714/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000714/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000714/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000714/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000714/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000714/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000714/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2926</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> Angles of Arrival Estimation with Unitary Partial Propagator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Youssef%20Khmou">Youssef Khmou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Said%20Safi"> Said Safi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we investigated the effect of real valued transformation of the spectral matrix of the received data for Angles Of Arrival estimation problem.  Indeed, the unitary transformation of Partial Propagator (UPP) for narrowband sources is proposed and applied on Uniform Linear Array (ULA).</p> <p>Monte Carlo simulations proved the performance of the UPP spectrum comparatively with Forward Backward Partial Propagator (FBPP) and Unitary Propagator (UP). The results demonstrates that when some of the sources are fully correlated and closer than the Rayleigh angular limit resolution of the broadside array, the UPP method outperforms the FBPP in both of spatial resolution and complexity.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DOA" title="DOA">DOA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Uniform%20Linear%20Array" title=" Uniform Linear Array"> Uniform Linear Array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Narrowband" title=" Narrowband"> Narrowband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Propagator" title=" Propagator"> Propagator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Real%20valued%20transformation" title=" Real valued transformation"> Real valued transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Subspace" title=" Subspace"> Subspace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Unitary%20Operator." title=" Unitary Operator. "> Unitary Operator. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998933/angles-of-arrival-estimation-with-unitary-partial-propagator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998933/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998933/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998933/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998933/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998933/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998933/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998933/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998933/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998933/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998933/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> A NXM Version of 5X5 Playfair Cipher for any Natural Language (Urdu as Special Case)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Salam">Muhammad Salam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nasir%20Rashid"> Nasir Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shah%20Khalid"> Shah Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Raees%20Khan"> Muhammad Raees Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper a modified version NXM of traditional 5X5 playfair cipher is introduced which enable the user to encrypt message of any Natural language by taking appropriate size of the matrix depending upon the size of the natural language. 5X5 matrix has the capability of storing only 26 characters of English language and unable to store characters of any language having more than 26 characters. To overcome this limitation NXM matrix is introduced which solve this limitation. In this paper a special case of Urdu language is discussed. Where # is used for completing odd pair and * is used for repeating letters.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cryptography" title="cryptography">cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=decryption" title=" decryption"> decryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=encryption" title=" encryption"> encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=playfair%0D%0Acipher" title=" playfair cipher"> playfair cipher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=traditional%20cipher." title=" traditional cipher."> traditional cipher.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/a-nxm-version-of-5x5-playfair-cipher-for-any-natural-language-urdu-as-special-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">292</span> Dynamic Load Balancing in PVM Using Intelligent Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kashif%20Bilal">Kashif Bilal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tassawar%20Iqbal"> Tassawar Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asad%20Ali%20Safi"> Asad Ali Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nadeem%20Daudpota"> Nadeem Daudpota</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper deals with dynamic load balancing using PVM. In distributed environment Load Balancing and Heterogeneity are very critical issues and needed to drill down in order to achieve the optimal results and efficiency. Various techniques are being used in order to distribute the load dynamically among different nodes and to deal with heterogeneity. These techniques are using different approaches where Process Migration is basic concept with different optimal flavors. But Process Migration is not an easy job, it impose lot of burden and processing effort in order to track each process in nodes. We will propose a dynamic load balancing technique in which application will intelligently balance the load among different nodes, resulting in efficient use of system and have no overheads of process migration. It would also provide a simple solution to problem of load balancing in heterogeneous environment.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PVM" title="PVM">PVM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=load%20balancing" title=" load balancing"> load balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=task%20allocation" title=" task allocation"> task allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=intelligent%20application." title=" intelligent application."> intelligent application.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10467/dynamic-load-balancing-in-pvm-using-intelligent-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10467/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10467/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10467/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10467/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10467/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10467/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10467/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10467/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10467/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10467/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1808</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">291</span> Analysis of Fixed Beamforming Algorithms for Smart Antenna Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Umair%20Shahid">Muhammad Umair Shahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Rehman"> Abdul Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mudassir%20Mukhtar"> Mudassir Mukhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Nauman"> Muhammad Nauman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The smart antenna is the prominent technology that has become known in recent years to meet the growing demands of wireless communications. In an overcrowded atmosphere, its application is growing gradually. A methodical evaluation of the performance of Fixed Beamforming algorithms for smart antennas such as Multiple Sidelobe Canceller (MSC), Maximum Signal-to-interference ratio (MSIR) and minimum variance (MVDR) has been comprehensively presented in this paper. Simulation results show that beamforming is helpful in providing optimized response towards desired directions. MVDR beamformer provides the most optimal solution.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fixed%20weight%20beamforming" title="Fixed weight beamforming">Fixed weight beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=array%20pattern" title=" array pattern"> array pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=signal%20to%20interference%20ratio" title=" signal to interference ratio"> signal to interference ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=power%20efficiency" title=" power efficiency"> power efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=element%20spacing" title=" element spacing"> element spacing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=array%20elements" title=" array elements"> array elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optimum%20weight%20vector." title=" optimum weight vector."> optimum weight vector.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/analysis-of-fixed-beamforming-algorithms-for-smart-antenna-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">780</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">290</span> Blind Identification and Equalization of CDMA Signals Using the Levenvberg-Marquardt Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammed%20Boutalline">Mohammed Boutalline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Imad%20Badi"> Imad Badi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Belaid%20Bouikhalene"> Belaid Bouikhalene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Said%20Safi"> Said Safi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper we describe the Levenvberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm for identification and equalization of CDMA signals received by an antenna array in communication channels. The synthesis explains the digital separation and equalization of signals after propagation through multipath generating intersymbol interference (ISI). Exploiting discrete data transmitted and three diversities induced at the reception, the problem can be composed by the Block Component Decomposition (BCD) of a tensor of order 3 which is a new tensor decomposition generalizing the PARAFAC decomposition. We optimize the BCD decomposition by Levenvberg-Marquardt method gives encouraging results compared to classical alternating least squares algorithm (ALS). In the equalization part, we use the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) to perform the presented method. The simulation results using the LM algorithm are important.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Identification%20and%20equalization" title="Identification and equalization">Identification and equalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=communication%0D%0Achannel" title=" communication channel"> communication channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Levenvberg-Marquardt" title=" Levenvberg-Marquardt"> Levenvberg-Marquardt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tensor%20decomposition" title=" tensor decomposition"> tensor decomposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000338/blind-identification-and-equalization-of-cdma-signals-using-the-levenvberg-marquardt-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000338/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000338/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000338/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000338/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000338/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000338/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000338/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000338/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000338/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000338/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1823</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">289</span> Equalization Algorithms for MIMO System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Said%20Elkassimi">Said Elkassimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Said%20Safi"> Said Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Manaut"> B. Manaut</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In recent years, multi-antenna techniques are being considered as a potential solution to increase the flow of future wireless communication systems. The objective of this article is to study the emission and reception system MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), and present the different reception decoding techniques. First we will present the least complex technical, linear receivers such as the zero forcing equalizer (ZF) and minimum mean squared error (MMSE). Then a nonlinear technique called ordered successive cancellation of interferences (OSIC) and the optimal detector based on the maximum likelihood criterion (ML), finally, we simulate the associated decoding algorithms for MIMO system such as ZF, MMSE, OSIC and ML, thus a comparison of performance of these algorithms in MIMO context.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multiple%20Input%20Multiple%20Outputs%20%28MIMO%29" title="Multiple Input Multiple Outputs (MIMO)">Multiple Input Multiple Outputs (MIMO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZF" title=" ZF"> ZF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MMSE" title=" MMSE"> MMSE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ordered%20Interference%20Successive%20Cancellation%20%28OSIC%29" title=" Ordered Interference Successive Cancellation (OSIC)"> Ordered Interference Successive Cancellation (OSIC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ML" title=" ML"> ML</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Interference%20Successive%20Cancellation%20%28SIC%29." title=" Interference Successive Cancellation (SIC)."> Interference Successive Cancellation (SIC).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001879/equalization-algorithms-for-mimo-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001879/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001879/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001879/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001879/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001879/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001879/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001879/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001879/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001879/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001879/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2828</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">288</span> Effect of Body Size and Condition Factor on Whole Body Composition of Hybrid (Catla catla ♂x Labeo rohita ♀) from Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem">Muhammad Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdus%20Salam"> Abdus Salam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Asghar%20Bashir"> Muhammad Asghar Bashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abir%20Ishtiaq"> Abir Ishtiaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Qurat-ul-Ane%20Gillani%20and%0D%0AAsma%20Salam"> Qurat-ul-Ane Gillani and Asma Salam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, 49 Hybrid (Catla catla ♂ x Labeo rohita ♀) were sampled from Al-Raheem Fish Hatchery, Village Ali Pure Shamali, Jhang Road, 18 Km from Muzaffar Garh using a cast net and Live fishes were transported to research laboratory. Mean percentage for water found 79.13 %, ash 6.58 %, fat 2.22 % and protein content 12.06 % in whole wet body weight. It was observed that body constituents were found increasing in the same proportion with an increase in body weight while significant proportional increase was observed with total length. However, condition factor remained insignificant (P>0.05) with body constituents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hybrid%20fish" title="Hybrid fish">Hybrid fish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Body%20composition" title=" Body composition"> Body composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Condition%20factor" title=" Condition factor"> Condition factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Predictive%20equations" title=" Predictive equations"> Predictive equations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/effect-of-body-size-and-condition-factor-on-whole-body-composition-of-hybrid-catla-catla-x-labeo-rohita-from-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1808</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">287</span> Fabrication and Characterization of Al/Methyl Orange/n-Si Heterojunction Diode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Tahir">Muhammad Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20H.%20Sayyad"> Muhammad H. Sayyad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dil%20N.%20Khan"> Dil N. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fazal%20Wahab"> Fazal Wahab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Herein, the organic semiconductor methyl orange (MO), is investigated for the first time for its electronic applications. For this purpose, Al/MO/n-Si heterojunction is fabricated through economical cheap and simple “drop casting” technique. The currentvoltage (I-V) measurements of the device are made at room temperature under dark conditions. The I-V characteristics of Al/MO/n-Si junction exhibits asymmetrical and rectifying behavior that confirms the formation of diode. The diode parameters such as rectification ratio (RR), turn on voltage (Vturn on), reverse saturation current (I0), ideality factor (n), barrier height ( b f ), series resistance (Rs) and shunt resistance (Rsh) are determined from I-V curves using Schottky equations. These values of these parameters are also extracted and verified by applying Cheung’s functions. The conduction mechanisms are explained from the forward bias I-V characteristics using the power law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electrical%20properties" title="Electrical properties">Electrical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Organic%2Finorganic%0D%0Aheterojunction%20diode" title=" Organic/inorganic heterojunction diode"> Organic/inorganic heterojunction diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Methyl%20Orange" title=" Methyl Orange"> Methyl Orange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cheungs%20Functions" title=" Cheungs Functions"> Cheungs Functions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/fabrication-and-characterization-of-almethyl-orangen-si-heterojunction-diode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1930</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">286</span> Blind Impulse Response Identification of Frequency Radio Channels: Application to Bran A Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Safi">S. Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Frikel"> M. Frikel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20M%27Saad"> M. M'Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Zeroual"> A. Zeroual</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper describes a blind algorithm for estimating a time varying and frequency selective fading channel. In order to identify blindly the impulse response of these channels, we have used Higher Order Statistics (HOS) to build our algorithm. In this paper, we have selected two theoretical frequency selective channels as the Proakis-s 'B' channel and the Macchi-s channel, and one practical frequency selective fading channel called Broadband Radio Access Network (BRAN A). The simulation results in noisy environment and for different data input channel, demonstrate that the proposed method could estimate the phase and magnitude of these channels blindly and without any information about the input, except that the input excitation is i.i.d (Identically and Independent Distributed) and non-Gaussian.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Frequency%20response" title="Frequency response">Frequency response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=system%20identification" title=" system identification"> system identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=higher%20order%20statistics" title=" higher order statistics"> higher order statistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=communication%20channels" title=" communication channels"> communication channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=phase%20estimation." title=" phase estimation."> phase estimation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11940/blind-impulse-response-identification-of-frequency-radio-channels-application-to-bran-a-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11940/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11940/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11940/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11940/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11940/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11940/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11940/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11940/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11940/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11940/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1832</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">285</span> External Morphological Study of Wild Labeo calbasu with Reference to Body Weight' Total Length and Condition Factor from the River Chenab, Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem">Muhammad Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asif%20Hussain%20Bhatti"> Asif Hussain Bhatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Fahad%20Nouman"> Muhammad Fahad Nouman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 115 samples of Labeo calbasu ranged 8.0-17.9cm length with mean11.90±1.96 and 4.9-68.5g weight with mean 22.25±12.54 from the River Chenab, Southern Punjab, Pakistan were analyzed to investigate length-weight relationships (LWR) of fish in relation to condition factor (K). Standard length (SL), fork length (FL), head length (HL) head width (HW), body girth (BG), dorsal fin length (DFL), dorsal fin base (DFB), pectoral fin length (PcFL), pelvic fin length (PvFL) and anal fin length (AFL) are found to be highly correlated with increasing total length and wet body weight (r > 0.500). Wet body weight has positive (r=0.540) and total length has no correlation (r=0.344) with calculated Condition factor (K). The slope “b" in the relationship is 3.27 and intercepts -2.2258. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Labeo%20calbasu" title="Labeo calbasu">Labeo calbasu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Length-weight%20relationship" title=" Length-weight relationship"> Length-weight relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Body%0Aweight" title=" Body weight"> Body weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=condition%20factor" title=" condition factor"> condition factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/external-morphological-study-of-wild-labeo-calbasu-with-reference-to-body-weight-total-length-and-condition-factor-from-the-river-chenab-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2085</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">284</span> Improving the Security of Internet of Things Using Encryption Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amirhossein%20Safi">Amirhossein Safi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Internet of things (IOT) is a kind of advanced information technology which has drawn societies’ attention. Sensors and stimulators are usually recognized as smart devices of our environment. Simultaneously, IOT security brings up new issues. Internet connection and possibility of interaction with smart devices cause those devices to involve more in human life. Therefore, safety is a fundamental requirement in designing IOT. IOT has three remarkable features: overall perception, reliable transmission, and intelligent processing. Because of IOT span, security of conveying data is an essential factor for system security. Hybrid encryption technique is a new model that can be used in IOT. This type of encryption generates strong security and low computation. In this paper, we have proposed a hybrid encryption algorithm which has been conducted in order to reduce safety risks and enhancing encryption's speed and less computational complexity. The purpose of this hybrid algorithm is information integrity, confidentiality, non-repudiation in data exchange for IOT. Eventually, the suggested encryption algorithm has been simulated by MATLAB software, and its speed and safety efficiency were evaluated in comparison with conventional encryption algorithm.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Internet%20of%20things" title="Internet of things">Internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hybrid%20algorithm" title=" hybrid algorithm"> hybrid algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=privacy." title=" privacy."> privacy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007094/improving-the-security-of-internet-of-things-using-encryption-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007094/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007094/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007094/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007094/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007094/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007094/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007094/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007094/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007094/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007094/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">283</span> Applications of AUSM+ Scheme on Subsonic, Supersonic and Hypersonic Flows Fields</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Yamin%20Younis">Muhammad Yamin Younis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Amjad%20Sohail"> Muhammad Amjad Sohail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tawfiqur%20Rahman"> Tawfiqur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zaka%20Muhammad"> Zaka Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saifur%20Rahman%20Bakaul"> Saifur Rahman Bakaul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of Advection Upstream Splitting Method AUSM schemes are evaluated against experimental flow fields at different Mach numbers and results are compared with experimental data of subsonic, supersonic and hypersonic flow fields. The turbulent model used here is SST model by Menter. The numerical predictions include lift coefficient, drag coefficient and pitching moment coefficient at different mach numbers and angle of attacks. This work describes a computational study undertaken to compute the Aerodynamic characteristics of different air vehicles configurations using a structured Navier-Stokes computational technique. The CFD code bases on the idea of upwind scheme for the convective (convective-moving) fluxes. CFD results for GLC305 airfoil and cone cylinder tail fined missile calculated on above mentioned turbulence model are compared with the available data. Wide ranges of Mach number from subsonic to hypersonic speeds are simulated and results are compared. When the computation is done by using viscous turbulence model the above mentioned coefficients have a very good agreement with the experimental values. AUSM scheme is very efficient in the regions of very high pressure gradients like shock waves and discontinuities. The AUSM versions simulate the all types of flows from lower subsonic to hypersonic flow without oscillations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Subsonic" title="Subsonic">Subsonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=supersonic" title=" supersonic"> supersonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hypersonic" title=" Hypersonic"> Hypersonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=AUSM%2B" title=" AUSM+"> AUSM+</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Drag%0ACoefficient" title=" Drag Coefficient"> Drag Coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lift%20Coefficient" title=" lift Coefficient"> lift Coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pitching%20moment%20coefficient" title=" Pitching moment coefficient"> Pitching moment coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pressure%0ACoefficient" title=" pressure Coefficient"> pressure Coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=turbulent%20flow." title=" turbulent flow."> turbulent flow.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/applications-of-ausm-scheme-on-subsonic-supersonic-and-hypersonic-flows-fields" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a 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