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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/28_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. 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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Cement+%28bouwmateriaal%29" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Cement+%28bouwmateriaal%29" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Cement+%28bouwmateriaal%29" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Geschiedenis-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oudheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oudheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Oudheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oudheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middeleeuwen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middeleeuwen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Middeleeuwen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middeleeuwen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vroegmoderne_tijd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vroegmoderne_tijd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Vroegmoderne tijd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vroegmoderne_tijd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Productieproces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Productieproces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Productieproces</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Productieproces-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Productieproces-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Productieproces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Impact_op_het_klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_op_het_klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Impact op het klimaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_op_het_klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Typen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Typen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Typen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Typen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Samenstelling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samenstelling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Samenstelling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samenstelling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sterkte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sterkte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sterkte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sterkte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bijzondere_kenmerken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bijzondere_kenmerken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Bijzondere kenmerken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bijzondere_kenmerken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gebruik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gebruik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gebruik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gebruik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allergieën" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allergieën"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Allergieën</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allergieën-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_bron" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_bron"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externe bron</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_bron-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cement (bouwmateriaal)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 104 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sement" title="Sement – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sement" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zement" title="Zement – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zement" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B2%E1%88%9A%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B6" title="ሲሚንቶ – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሲሚንቶ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimento" title="Cimento – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cimento" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA" title="أسمنت – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسمنت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementu" title="Cementu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cementu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sement" title="Sement – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sement" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Цемент – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Цемент" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zement" title="Zement – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Zement" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cements" title="Cements – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Cements" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semento" title="Semento – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Semento" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Цэмент – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цэмент" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Цэмэнт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цэмэнт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Цимент – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цимент" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="সিমেন্ট – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিমেন্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciment" title="Ciment – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciment" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C5%ABi-n%C3%A0%CC%A4" title="Cūi-nà̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cūi-nà̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%86" title="چیمەنتۆ – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چیمەنتۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement" title="Cement – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cement" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sment" title="Sment – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sment" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement" title="Cement – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cement" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zement" title="Zement – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zement" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87imentoci" title="Çimentoci – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çimentoci" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Τσιμέντο – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσιμέντο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement" title="Cement – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cement" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemento" title="Cemento – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cemento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemento" title="Cemento – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cemento" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsement" title="Tsement – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsement" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zementu" title="Zementu – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zementu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementu" title="Cementu – Extremeens" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cementu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سیمان – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sementti" title="Sementti – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sementti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciment" title="Ciment – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ciment" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semint_(boumateriaal)" title="Semint (boumateriaal) – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Semint (boumateriaal)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroighin" title="Stroighin – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Stroighin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemento_(construci%C3%B3n)" title="Cemento (construción) – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cemento (construción)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siminti" title="Siminti – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Siminti" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98" title="צמנט – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צמנט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F" title="सीमेंट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सीमेंट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement" title="Cement – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cement" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siman" title="Siman – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Siman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement" title="Cement – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cement" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF" title="Ցեմենտ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցեմենտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semen" title="Semen – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Semen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemento" title="Cemento – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cemento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sement" title="Sement – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sement" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemento" title="Cemento – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cemento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" title="セメント – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セメント" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sem%C3%A8n" title="Semèn – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Semèn" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ცემენტი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცემენტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1si%CC%B1mi%CC%B1nti" title="A̱si̱mi̱nti – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱si̱mi̱nti" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Цемент – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Цемент" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A9%98%ED%8A%B8" title="시멘트 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시멘트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Цемент – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Цемент" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrumen" title="Ferrumen – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ferrumen" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sem%C3%A8nt" title="Semènt – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Semènt" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciment" title="Ciment – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ciment" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementas" title="Cementas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cementas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cements" title="Cements – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cements" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simenitra" title="Simenitra – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Simenitra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semen" title="Semen – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Semen" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Цемент – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цемент" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="സിമന്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിമന്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Цемент – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цемент" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F" title="सिमेंट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सिमेंट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simen" title="Simen – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Simen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="सिमेन्ट – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सिमेन्ट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sement" title="Sement – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sement" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sement" title="Sement – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sement" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F" title="ਸੀਮੈਂਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੀਮੈਂਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement" title="Cement – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cement" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimento" title="Cimento – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cimento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simintu" title="Simintu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Simintu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciment" title="Ciment – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ciment" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Цемент – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цемент" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Сиэмэн – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сиэмэн" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%B4" title="ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱸᱴ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱸᱴ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D9%BD" title="سيمنٽ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سيمنٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement" title="Cement – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cement" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92" title="සිමෙන්ති – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සිමෙන්ති" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement" title="Cement – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cement" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement_(stavebn%C3%ADctvo)" title="Cement (stavebníctvo) – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cement (stavebníctvo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement" title="Cement – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cement" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87imento" title="Çimento – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Çimento" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Цемент – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цемент" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement" title="Cement – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cement" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saruji" title="Saruji – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Saruji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88" title="சீமைக்காரை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீமைக்காரை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸಿಮೆಂಟ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಸಿಮೆಂಟ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81" title="సిమెంటు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సిమెంటు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Семент – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Семент" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ซีเมนต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซีเมนต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semento" title="Semento – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Semento" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87imento" title="Çimento – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çimento" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%90%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA" title="سېمونت – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سېمونت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Цемент – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цемент" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%D9%B9" title="سیمنٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیمنٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sement" title="Sement – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sement" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_m%C4%83ng" title="Xi măng – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xi măng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semento" title="Semento – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Semento" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%97%A8%E6%B1%80" title="水门汀 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="水门汀" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B3%A5" title="水泥 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="水泥" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82ng-mn%CC%82g-th%C3%B4%CD%98" title="Âng-mn̂g-thô͘ – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Âng-mn̂g-thô͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%A5" title="紅毛泥 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="紅毛泥" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Betonmortel_bedrijven_Cementbouw.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Betonmortel_bedrijven_Cementbouw.JPG/260px-Betonmortel_bedrijven_Cementbouw.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Betonmortel_bedrijven_Cementbouw.JPG/390px-Betonmortel_bedrijven_Cementbouw.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Betonmortel_bedrijven_Cementbouw.JPG/520px-Betonmortel_bedrijven_Cementbouw.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2963" data-file-height="2172" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Transportbeton" title="Transportbeton">Betonmortelcentrale</a> in Diemen</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cement</b> (<a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Frans</a>: <i>ciment</i>, ontleend aan het <a href="/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn">Latijnse</a> <i>caementum</i>, gehouwen steen of steenslag) is een <a href="/wiki/Hydratisch_bindmiddel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydratisch bindmiddel">hydratisch bindmiddel</a>, dat wil zeggen verhardend door een chemische reactie met water. Cement, dat voornamelijk uit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calciumwaterstofsilicaat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calciumwaterstofsilicaat (de pagina bestaat niet)">calciumwaterstofsilicaat</a> bestaat, is een fijngemalen materiaal dat na mengen met water een plastische massa vormt, die zowel onder water als in de buitenlucht verhardt tot een steenachtig materiaal. Met <a href="/wiki/Mortel_(betontype)" title="Mortel (betontype)">mortel</a>, cement gemengd met water en zand, kunnen daartoe geschikte materialen aaneengekit worden tot een, ook in water, stabiele massa. Cement wordt voornamelijk gebruikt als grondstof voor <a href="/wiki/Beton" title="Beton">beton</a> en metselspecie. De duiding ‘specie’ is uiteindelijk de plastische vorm van een menging van bindmiddel, zand en water. ‘Mortel’ daarentegen is zowel een droge menging van bindmiddel, zand en water, als de uitgeharde vorm van de materialen. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oudheid">Oudheid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Oudheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Oudheid"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Grieken" title="Grieken">Grieken</a> waren de eersten die metsel<a href="/wiki/Kalk" title="Kalk">kalk</a> maakten door het branden van schelpen en/of kalk. De <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Rijk" title="Romeinse Rijk">Romeinen</a> verbeterden dit bindmiddel, een <a href="/wiki/Kalk#Luchtkalk_en_hydraulische_kalk" title="Kalk">luchtkalk</a>, door er inerte <a href="/wiki/As_(vulkaan)" title="As (vulkaan)">vulkanische as</a>, meer bepaald <a href="/wiki/Tras" title="Tras">tras</a>, en/of baksteengruis aan toe te voegen. Zo ontstond een <a href="/wiki/Hydraulisch_bindmiddel" title="Hydraulisch bindmiddel">hydraulisch bindmiddel</a>. Door deze toevoeging werd het een bindmiddel waarmee grote constructies zoals arena's, baden, amfitheaters of aquaducten konden worden gebouwd, waarvan sommige zelfs twintig eeuwen later perfect bewaard zijn gebleven. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middeleeuwen">Middeleeuwen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Middeleeuwen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Middeleeuwen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de lage landen verdween de kennis over het maken en toepassen van baksteen met de terugtrekking van de Romeinen. Tot in de Middeleeuwen werd voornamelijk met natuursteen en hout gebouwd. Vanaf de 12e eeuw keerde het gebruik van steenachtige materialen, waaronder gebakken kunststeen, terug. Het opgaand metselwerk (de muren) werd gemaakt met luchtkalkmortels, onder andere van <a href="/wiki/Schelpkalk" title="Schelpkalk">schelpkalk</a>. Voor waterbestendige muren, bij kelders en dergelijke, werd aan de kalkmortel tras toegevoegd zodat de mortel hydraulisch werd. Tras is gemalen <a href="/wiki/Tufsteen" title="Tufsteen">tufsteen</a>, afkomstig uit de Duitse <a href="/wiki/Eifel" title="Eifel">Eifel</a> die alleen in combinatie met luchtkalk verhardt. De handel in tufsteen werd vanaf de 17e eeuw gedomineerd door handelaren uit <a href="/wiki/Dordrecht_(Nederland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dordrecht (Nederland)">Dordrecht</a>. Tufsteen werd over de rivier naar Dordrecht vervoerd en aldaar vermalen tot tras. Het met tras verrijkte cement werd om deze reden aangeduid als Dordts of Hollands cement. Dit werd via de Dordtse <a href="/wiki/Stapelmarkt" title="Stapelmarkt">stapelmarkt</a> verhandeld in noordwest Europa. Voor de verbouwing van het <a href="/wiki/Kasteel_van_Versailles" title="Kasteel van Versailles">kasteel van Versailles</a> door <a href="/wiki/Lodewijk_XIV_van_Frankrijk" title="Lodewijk XIV van Frankrijk">Lodewijk XIV</a> leverden de Dordste handelaren de benodigde ´tras ofte cement´<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vroegmoderne_tijd">Vroegmoderne tijd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vroegmoderne tijd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vroegmoderne tijd"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:2021_Maastricht,_ENCI-groeve_(09).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/2021_Maastricht%2C_ENCI-groeve_%2809%29.jpg/260px-2021_Maastricht%2C_ENCI-groeve_%2809%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/2021_Maastricht%2C_ENCI-groeve_%2809%29.jpg/390px-2021_Maastricht%2C_ENCI-groeve_%2809%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/2021_Maastricht%2C_ENCI-groeve_%2809%29.jpg/520px-2021_Maastricht%2C_ENCI-groeve_%2809%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4008" data-file-height="3006" /></a><figcaption>De ENCI met hellende draaioven (bruine buis) waarin de klinkers verhit worden tot 1450°C.</figcaption></figure> <p>Aan het eind van de 18e eeuw proberen de Duitse tufsteenhandelaren zich te mengen in de trashandel. De Nederlandse staten-generaal introduceren een invoerbelasting op 'bovenlandsche' tras om de lokale trashandel te beschermen. De Duitse <a href="/wiki/Keurvorst" title="Keurvorst">keurvorst</a> van <a href="/wiki/Paltsgraafschap_aan_de_Rijn" title="Paltsgraafschap aan de Rijn">Pfalz</a> voerde als tegenmaatregel een exportbelasting op tufsteen in. Door deze maatregelen werd de prijs van tras hoger en konden andere cementsoorten tot ontwikkeling komen. De kennis over de hydraulische werking van cement nam in de 18e eeuw toe door onderzoek aan Romeins cement door de Brit John Smeaton en de Fransman <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vicat" title="Louis Vicat">Louis Vicat</a>. Smeaton ontwikkelde in 1759 een mortel die even hard was als steen, door luchtkalk te vermengen met vulkanische as. In 1817 ontdekte de Louis Vicat de chemische principes van hydraulisch cement. Zij worden dan ook beschouwd als de vaders van het moderne cement. </p><p>In Nederland experimenteerde de Amsterdamse cementhandelaar Adriaan de Booys in 1789 met een ´kunst-cement´, die hij vervaardigde uit ´beklonkene molenklei´ gewonnen uit het Amsterdamse <a href="/wiki/IJ_(water)" class="mw-redirect" title="IJ (water)">IJ</a>. De klei werd gebakken en daarna vermalen. Deze vermalen <a href="/wiki/Puzzolaan" title="Puzzolaan">kleipuzzolaan</a> werd gevoegd bij kalkmortel en hieruit ontstond het zogenaamde Amsterdamse of rood cement. In 1790 startte Booys een cementbranderij, waar het Amsterdamse cement werd vervaardigd. Tevens verkreeg hij een octrooi dat hem exclusieve rechten verleende voor de cementlevering voor de publieke werken van <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>. In Utrecht richtte in 1792 Gijsbert Dirk Cazius een cementbranderij op, waar Utrechtse cement werd vervaardigd uit klei uit de <a href="/wiki/Vaartsche_Rijn" title="Vaartsche Rijn">Vaartsche Rijn</a>. Het Amsterdamse octrooi oogstte veel afgunst bij de trashandelaren en negatieve reclame en laster richtte het oorspronkelijke bedrijf van Booys in 1810 te gronde. </p><p>Unico W.T. Cazius, zoon van Gijsbert, nam met het Utrechtse bedrijf de leveringen aan de Amsterdamse publieke werken over. Nadat in 1810 uit onderzoek de betere kwaliteit van het Amsterdamse cement boven het Utrechtse was vastgesteld, schakelde het Utrechtse bedrijf over op productie van Amsterdams cement met klei uit het IJ. Uit het onderzoek bleek verder dat het Amsterdamse cement in kwaliteit nagenoeg gelijk was aan de Dordtse variant waarin tras was verwerkt. Cazius, Booys en een investeerder, Gijsbrecht Asschenbergs, verwierven in 1810 een nationaal octrooi voor de vervaardiging van Amsterdams cement, dat in 1814 door koning Willem I werd herbevestigd. In aanbestedingen van publieke ´waterdichte´ werken werd het geoctrooieerde Amsterdamse cement vereist. Het cement werd toegepast in vele sluizen van Amsterdam, kazernes en het droogdok in de marinehaven <a href="/wiki/Willemsoord_(marinewerf)" title="Willemsoord (marinewerf)">Willemsoord</a> in <a href="/wiki/Den_Helder" title="Den Helder">Den Helder</a>, dat gebouwd werd onder leiding van inspecteur-generaal van de Waterstaat <a href="/wiki/Jan_Blanken" title="Jan Blanken">Jan Blanken</a>. Door het exclusieve octrooi was er veel weerstand bij de reguliere aannemerij bij het gebruik van Amsterdams cement. Na afloop van het octrooi in 1840 nam het gebruik van de Amsterdams cement af. </p><p>In 1824 nam de Engelsman <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aspdin" title="Joseph Aspdin">Joseph Aspdin</a> een patent op <a href="/wiki/Portlandcement" title="Portlandcement">portlandcement</a>, een product van het branden van kalksteen en klei in steenkoolovens. De eerste Engelse portlandcementfabriek werd in 1843 opgericht, de eerste Duitse portlandcementfabriek stamt uit 1855. De import en productie vanaf 1870 van deze cementsoort in Nederland decimeerde de handel in het Dordtse cement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Productieproces">Productieproces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Productieproces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Productieproces"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Zementwerk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Zementwerk.jpg/420px-Zementwerk.jpg" decoding="async" width="420" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Zementwerk.jpg/630px-Zementwerk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Zementwerk.jpg/840px-Zementwerk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="1015" /></a><figcaption>Cementproductie (stapsgewijs)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Hot_Clinker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hot_Clinker.jpg/260px-Hot_Clinker.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hot_Clinker.jpg/390px-Hot_Clinker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Hot_Clinker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Hete klinker</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Global_Carbon_Emissions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Global_Carbon_Emissions.svg/260px-Global_Carbon_Emissions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Global_Carbon_Emissions.svg/390px-Global_Carbon_Emissions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Global_Carbon_Emissions.svg/520px-Global_Carbon_Emissions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption>Oorzaak van broeikasgassen per type</figcaption></figure> <p>Het productieproces van klinker en cement beslaat de volgende stappen:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><i>Kalkwinning</i> - <a href="/wiki/Kalksteen" title="Kalksteen">Kalksteen</a> is de basisgrondstof voor de fabricage van cement. Het wordt met groot materieel gewonnen uit een <a href="/wiki/Dagbouw" title="Dagbouw">dagbouwgroeve</a>.</li> <li><i>Breken en zeven</i> - De kalksteen wordt gebroken en gezeefd. In deze stap scheidt men ook het <a href="/wiki/Vuursteen" title="Vuursteen">vuursteen</a> (silex) van de kalk.</li> <li><i>Mengen</i> - Het gebroken en gezeefde materiaal wordt gemengd zodat er een homogeen mengsel ontstaat.</li> <li><i>Drogen</i> - In een volgende stap komt de kalk aan in een droger. Voor de droge lucht kan de opgewarmde lucht uit de <a href="/wiki/Klinker_(halffabricaat)" title="Klinker (halffabricaat)">klinkerkoeling</a> gebruikt worden.</li> <li><i>Dosering</i> - De kalk wordt hierna vermengd met silicium-, ijzer- en <a href="/wiki/Aluminiumoxide" title="Aluminiumoxide">aluminiumoxides</a>. Het geheel wordt gezeefd en de <a href="/wiki/Zeef" title="Zeef">zeefrest</a> opnieuw gemalen.</li> <li><i>Voorverwarming</i> - Met behulp van <a href="/wiki/Cycloon_(toestel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycloon (toestel)">cyclonen</a> wordt het gezeefde mengsel voorverwarmd tot zo'n 800°C.</li> <li><i>Verhitting</i> - Met behulp van een oven waarvan de vlam een temperatuur van circa 2000°C heeft, wordt het mengsel tot 1450°C verhit, waarna het de oven als <a href="/wiki/Klinker_(halffabricaat)" title="Klinker (halffabricaat)">klinker</a> verlaat.</li> <li><i>Afkoelen en opslaan</i> - De klinker wordt vervolgens afgekoeld tot 100°C en in klinker<a href="/wiki/Silo_(opslagplaats)" title="Silo (opslagplaats)">silo</a>'s opgeslagen.</li> <li><i>Tweede dosering</i> - De klinker, kalksteen, <a href="/wiki/Calciumsulfaat" title="Calciumsulfaat">calciumsulfaat</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hoogoven" title="Hoogoven">hoogoven</a><a href="/wiki/Slak_(metallurgie)" title="Slak (metallurgie)">slak</a> worden opnieuw gemengd in de juiste verhouding.</li> <li><i>Malen</i> - Met een <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rollenpers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rollenpers (de pagina bestaat niet)">rollenpers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kogelmolen" title="Kogelmolen">kogelmolen</a> wordt het mengsel gemalen.</li> <li><i>Zeven</i> - De kleine delen passeren de zeef en de grote komen terug in de maalinstallatie.</li> <li><i>Drogen</i> - Het gezeefde deel wordt gedroogd en opgeslagen in silo's.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_op_het_klimaat">Impact op het klimaat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Impact op het klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Impact op het klimaat"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bij de productie van cement wordt <a href="/wiki/Koolstofdioxide" title="Koolstofdioxide">CO<sub>2</sub></a> uitgestoten in de atmosfeer wanneer <a href="/wiki/Calciumcarbonaat" title="Calciumcarbonaat">calciumcarbonaat</a> wordt verwarmd en hierdoor omgezet wordt in <a href="/wiki/Kalk" title="Kalk">kalk</a> en CO<sub>2</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De productie van cement heeft een belangrijk, negatief, milieueffect. De cementindustrie is verantwoordelijk voor ongeveer 10% CO<sub>2</sub>-emissies van menselijke oorsprong, waarvan 60% afkomstig is van het chemische proces en 40% van het verbranden van <a href="/wiki/Fossiele_brandstof" title="Fossiele brandstof">fossiele brandstof</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typen">Typen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Typen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Typen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Samenstelling">Samenstelling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Samenstelling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Samenstelling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Er zijn verschillende cementtypen, aangeduid met CEM I tot CEM V, met een kleiner of groter gehalte aan portlandcement en <a href="/wiki/Hoogovencement" title="Hoogovencement">hoogovencement</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>CEM I Portlandcement met maximaal 5% andere stoffen</li> <li>CEM II Allerlei mengvormen met portlandcement en bijvoorbeeld leisteen, minimaal 65% portlandcement</li> <li>CEM III Hoogoven-portlandcementmengsel in 3 klassen: A, B en C; waarbij CEM III/A de minste (40%) en CEM III/C de meeste (90%) hoogovenslak bevat.</li> <li>CEM IV <a href="/wiki/Puzzolaan" title="Puzzolaan">Puzzolaancementsoorten</a>.</li> <li>CEM V Composietcementen, met mengsels van portlandcement, hoogovenslak en puzzolanen.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sterkte">Sterkte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Sterkte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Sterkte"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De indeling in klassen (32,5/42,5/52,5) gebeurt door een drukproef na 28 dagen. Zo moet mortel van klasse <i>C 52,5'</i> minstens een druksterkte van 52,5 <a href="/wiki/MPa" class="mw-redirect" title="MPa">MPa</a> hebben. </p><p>De mortelprisma's zijn daarbij gebaseerd op een standaardverhouding van cement, water en zand. De sterkteaanduiding van het cement heeft slechts beperkte invloed op de te behalen sterkte van beton (gebaseerd op zand en grind) of mortels (gebaseerd op zand). Dit komt doordat een betonspecie met onder andere een lagere water-cementfactor (verhouding cement ten opzichte van water) kan worden aangemaakt dan de mortelspecie die wordt gebruikt voor de sterkteclassificatie van cement. Ook de opbouw van het toeslagmateriaal heeft invloed op de uiteindelijke sterkte van beton. De sterkteklasse van het cement is daarom niet direct terug te voeren tot een maximale sterkteklasse voor beton of mortel. </p> <ul><li>De <b>klasse 32,5</b> is aangewezen voor toepassingen waar geen hoge aanvangssterkte en geen snelle ontkisting vereist zijn. Zij wordt niet aangeraden voor gebruik in de winter (in koud weer gaat de verharding zeer traag).</li> <li>Cementen van <b>sterkteklasse 42,5</b> worden veelal toegepast in geval de vereiste druksterkte van mortel/beton op 28 dagen de 30 N/mm² moet overschrijden.</li> <li>De <b>klasse 52,5</b> ontwikkelt snel een hoge aanvangssterkte en wordt daarom voor geprefabriceerde elementen gebruikt.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bijzondere_kenmerken">Bijzondere kenmerken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bijzondere kenmerken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bijzondere kenmerken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>HSR</b> (<i>High Sulfate Resistance</i>): cement met hoge weerstand tegen <a href="/wiki/Sulfaat" title="Sulfaat">sulfaten</a> (volgens <a href="/wiki/Bureau_voor_Normalisatie" title="Bureau voor Normalisatie">NBN</a> B12-108). Dergelijke cementen bevatten minstens 65% slak, in verhouding tot de som van klinker en slak. Dergelijke cementen worden toegepast in agressieve milieus. Het moet gebruikt worden voor beton dat in contact komt met water dat meer dan 500 mg sulfaten per kg bevat of grond die meer dan 3000 mg sulfaten per kg bevat.</li> <li><b>LA</b> (<i>Low Alkali</i>): cement met een begrensd alkaligehalte (volgens NBN B12-109). Het alkaligehalte wordt uitgedrukt in % Na<sub>2</sub>O-equivalent en wordt begrensd tot 0,6% voor CEM I; 0,9% voor CEM III/A en 2% voor CEM III/B - C. Dergelijke cementen hebben een grote weerstand tegen een reactie tussen de alkaliën van het cement en de granulaten (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaligranulaatreactie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alkaligranulaatreactie (de pagina bestaat niet)">alkaligranulaatreacties</a>).</li> <li><b>HES</b> (<i>High-Early-Strength</i>): cement met hoge aanvangssterkte conform de druksterkte op 1 dag bepaald voor de HES portlandcementen (NBN B12-110). Wordt gebruikt bij een snelle ontkisting, wanneer een snel gebruik noodzakelijk is, en bij <a href="/wiki/Geprefabriceerd_beton" title="Geprefabriceerd beton">geprefabriceerd beton</a>.</li> <li><b>LH</b> (<i>Low Heat</i>) cement met een lage hydratatiewarmte. Dit wordt gebruikt voor grote betonvolumes.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gebruik">Gebruik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gebruik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gebruik"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cement wordt gebruikt in: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortel_(betontype)" title="Mortel (betontype)">mortel</a> (cement, zand en water)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beton" title="Beton">beton</a> (granulaten, zand, cement en water)</li> <li>vezelcementproducten (vroeger met asbestvezels, maar na het verbod op <a href="/wiki/Asbest" title="Asbest">asbest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Juli" title="Juli">juli</a> <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a> werd dit vervangen door niet schadelijke kunststofvezels)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allergieën"><span id="Allergie.C3.ABn"></span>Allergieën</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Allergieën" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Allergieën"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Chroom_(element)" title="Chroom (element)">chroom</a>(VI)-houdende preparaten in cement veroorzaken bij de mens in bepaalde omstandigheden, na rechtstreeks en langdurig huidcontact, allergische reacties. Moderne betonsoorten worden speciaal behandeld om dit tegen te gaan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrocement" title="Ferrocement">Ferrocement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portlandvliegascement" title="Portlandvliegascement">Portlandvliegascement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cementindustrie" title="Cementindustrie">Cementindustrie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_bron">Externe bron</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe bron" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&action=edit&section=14" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe bron"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">A. Heerding</span> <i>Cement in Nederland</i>. Amsterdam: Meijer Pers (1971). Uitgave ter gelegenheid van 40 jaar <a href="/wiki/Cemij" class="mw-redirect" title="Cemij">Cemij</a>.</li> <li><i>Vaderlandse Cementgeschiedenis</i>. De Ingenieur Jaargang, nr 44, pp.828-848</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&action=edit&section=15" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gccassociation.org/">Global Cement and Concrete Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cultureelerfgoed.nl/publicaties/publicaties/2003/01/01/kalkboek-het-gebruik-van-kalk-als-bindmiddel-voor-metsel-en-voegmortels-in-verleden-en-heden">Kalkboek Rijksdienst voor de Monumentenzorg</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">´Vaderlandse Cementgeschiedenis´ <i>De Ingenieur</i> Jg.83, nr 44, p 829.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ENCI <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enci.nl/nl/downloads">Productieproces cement</a>, geraadpleegd op 19 juni 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204837/https://www.enci.nl/nl/downloads">Gearchiveerd</a> op 24 juni 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2017"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Matar, W.</span>, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Elshurafa, A. M.</span> (2017). <cite>Striking a balance between profit and carbon dioxide emissions in the Saudi cement industry</cite>. <i>International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control</i> <b>61</b>: 111–123. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1878-0148">1878-0148</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.03.031">10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.03.031</a>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbl.nl/en/publications/trends-in-global-co2-emissions-2014-report">Trends in global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions: 2014 Report</a> PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency & European Commission Joint Research Centre (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606165958/https://www.pbl.nl/en/publications/trends-in-global-co2-emissions-2014-report">Gearchiveerd</a> op 6 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">CRH <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vvmcem.be/nl/cementtypes">Cementtypes</a>, geraadpleegd op 19 juni 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210619120129/https://www.vvmcem.be/nl/cementtypes">Gearchiveerd</a> op 19 juni 2021.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cement#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cement">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cement#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cement">Cement</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&oldid=67954081">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cement_(bouwmateriaal)&oldid=67954081</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Cement" title="Categorie:Cement">Cement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Bevestigingsmiddel" title="Categorie:Bevestigingsmiddel">Bevestigingsmiddel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Hydraat" title="Categorie:Hydraat">Hydraat</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 11 aug 2024 om 22:00.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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