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GitHub - nigeltao/qoir: A fast, simple, lossless image file format.
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octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"blog","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"blog_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.blog"> Blog <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Solutions <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 mb-lg-0 pr-lg-7"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-company-size-heading">By company size</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-company-size-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"enterprises","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"enterprises_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/enterprise"> Enterprises </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"small_and_medium_teams","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"small_and_medium_teams_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/team"> Small and medium teams </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"startups","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"startups_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/enterprise/startups"> Startups </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"nonprofits","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"nonprofits_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/nonprofits"> Nonprofits </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-use-case-heading">By use case</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-use-case-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"devsecops","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"devsecops_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/use-case/devsecops"> DevSecOps </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"devops","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"devops_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/use-case/devops"> DevOps </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"ci_cd","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"ci_cd_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/use-case/ci-cd"> CI/CD </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"view_all_use_cases","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"view_all_use_cases_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/use-case"> View all use cases </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-industry-heading">By industry</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-industry-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"healthcare","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"healthcare_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/healthcare"> Healthcare </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"financial_services","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"financial_services_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/financial-services"> Financial services </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"manufacturing","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"manufacturing_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/manufacturing"> Manufacturing </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"government","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"government_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/government"> Government </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"view_all_industries","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"view_all_industries_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry"> View all industries </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-trailing-link rounded-bottom-2 flex-shrink-0 mt-lg-4 px-lg-4 py-4 py-lg-3 f5 text-semibold"> <a href="/solutions"> View all solutions <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right HeaderMenu-trailing-link-icon"> <path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 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d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 mb-lg-0 pr-lg-7"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-topics-heading">Topics</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="resources-topics-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"ai","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"ai_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles/ai"> AI </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"devops","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"devops_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles/devops"> DevOps </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"security","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"security_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles/security"> Security </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"software_development","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"software_development_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles/software-development"> Software Development </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"view_all","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"view_all_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles"> View all </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-explore-heading">Explore</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="resources-explore-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"learning_pathways","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"learning_pathways_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://resources.github.com/learn/pathways"> Learning Pathways <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"events_amp_webinars","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"events_amp_webinars_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://resources.github.com"> Events & Webinars <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"ebooks_amp_whitepapers","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"ebooks_amp_whitepapers_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/resources/whitepapers"> Ebooks & Whitepapers </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"customer_stories","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"customer_stories_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/customer-stories"> Customer Stories </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"partners","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"partners_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://partner.github.com"> Partners <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"executive_insights","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"executive_insights_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/solutions/executive-insights"> Executive Insights </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Open Source <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 px-lg-4"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_sponsors","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"github_sponsors_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="/sponsors"> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Sponsors</div> Fund open source developers </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"the_readme_project","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"the_readme_project_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/readme"> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">The ReadME Project</div> GitHub community articles </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="open-source-repositories-heading">Repositories</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="open-source-repositories-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"topics","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"topics_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/topics"> Topics </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" 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viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 px-lg-4"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"enterprise_platform","context":"enterprise","tag":"link","label":"enterprise_platform_link_enterprise_navbar"}" href="/enterprise"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" 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0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path> </svg><span data-view-component="true" class="d-inline"> Star </span> <span id="repo-stars-counter-star" aria-label="109 users starred this repository" data-singular-suffix="user starred this repository" data-plural-suffix="users starred this repository" data-turbo-replace="true" title="109" data-view-component="true" class="Counter js-social-count">109</span> </a></div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-turbo-replace> <div class="d-block d-md-none mb-2 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <p class="f4 mb-3 "> A fast, simple, lossless image file format. </p> <h3 class="sr-only">License</h3> <div class="mb-2"> <a href="/nigeltao/qoir/blob/main/LICENSE" class="Link--muted" 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3.88 11 3 11a4.498 4.498 0 0 1-2.023-.454 3.544 3.544 0 0 1-.686-.45l-.045-.04-.016-.015-.006-.006-.004-.004v-.001a.75.75 0 0 1-.154-.838L2.178 4.5H1.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.234a.249.249 0 0 0 .125-.033l1.288-.737c.265-.15.564-.23.869-.23h.984V.75a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Zm2.945 8.477c.285.135.718.273 1.305.273s1.02-.138 1.305-.273L13 6.327Zm-10 0c.285.135.718.273 1.305.273s1.02-.138 1.305-.273L3 6.327Z"></path> </svg> Apache-2.0 license </a> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary no-underline mr-3" href="/nigeltao/qoir/stargazers"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star mr-1"> <path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path> </svg> <span class="text-bold">109</span> stars </a> <a class="Link--secondary no-underline mr-3" href="/nigeltao/qoir/forks"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-1"> <path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path> </svg> <span class="text-bold">5</span> forks </a> <a class="Link--secondary no-underline mr-3 d-inline-block" href="/nigeltao/qoir/branches"> <svg aria-hidden="true" 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Format\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-qoir-a-simple-lossless-image-file-format\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: QOIR: a Simple, Lossless Image File Format\" href=\"#qoir-a-simple-lossless-image-file-format\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eQOIR (pronounced like \"choir\") is a simple, lossless image file format that is\nvery fast to encode and decode while achieving compression ratios roughly\ncomparable to PNG.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWARNING: THIS FORMAT IS EXPERIMENTAL AND SUBJECT TO INCOMPATIBLE CHANGES.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt was inspired by the \u003ca href=\"https://qoiformat.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eQOI image file format\u003c/a\u003e,\nbuilding on it in a number of ways:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt uses a RIFF-like file structure, allowing future extensions.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThat structure means that QOIR files can include metadata like color profiles\n(QOI is limited to two choices, \"linear\" or \"sRGB\") and EXIF information.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt integrates LZ4 compression to \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/nigeltao/qoir/commit/9be1f2fdcfac3289804b80d4b0673dde499a9c1c\"\u003eproduce smaller\nfiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt can represent premultiplied alpha (as well as PNG's non-premultiplied\nalpha), which can avoid a post-processing step if your game engine or GUI\ntoolkit works with \u003ca href=\"https://iquilezles.org/articles/premultipliedalpha/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003epremultiplied\nalpha\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt has an optional lossy mode.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt partitions the image into independent tiles, allowing for multi-threaded\ncodec implementations.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAs an implementation concern (not a file format concern), it can decode into\na pre-existing pixel buffer (in a variety of pixel formats), not just always\nreturning a newly allocated pixel buffer. This also supports multi-threaded\ndecoding, where the entire pixel buffer is allocated first and N separate\nthreads then decode into their own separate portion of that pixel buffer.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eBuilding\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-building\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Building\" href=\"#building\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/nigeltao/qoir/blob/main/src/qoir.h\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003esrc/qoir.h\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e is a single file C library, so there's no separate\nconfigure or build steps. Just \u003ccode\u003e#define QOIR_IMPLEMENTATION\u003c/code\u003e before you\n\u003ccode\u003e#include\u003c/code\u003e it.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eBenchmarks\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-benchmarks\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Benchmarks\" href=\"#benchmarks\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe numbers below are the top-level summary of the full benchmarks, normalized\nso that QOIR is 1.000 (the \u003ca href=\"/nigeltao/qoir/blob/main/doc/full_benchmarks.txt\"\u003efull benchmarks\u003c/a\u003e page has\nraw, non-normalized numbers and links to the benchmark suite of images). For\nexample, \u003cstrong\u003ecomparing PNG/libpng with QOIR, libpng compresses a little smaller\n(0.960 versus 1.000) but QOIR encodes 30x faster (0.033 versus 1.000) and\ndecodes 4.9x faster (0.203 versus 1.000)\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor example, PNG/fpng encodes faster (1.138x) than QOIR but produces larger\n(1.234x) files and decodes slower (0.536x) than QOIR.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor example, JPEG-XL Lossless at its default encoder options produces smaller\nfiles (0.613x) but encodes slower (0.003x) and decodes slower (0.017x) than\nQOIR. Inverting those last two numbers give QOIR encoding 296x faster and\ndecoding 60x faster than JPEG-XL Lossless (using its \"effort = 7\" option).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe conclusion isn't that QOIR is always better or worse than any other format.\nIt's all trade-offs. However, on the full image test suite, \u003cstrong\u003eQOIR has the\nfastest decode speed listed for PNG-like (or better) compression ratios\u003c/strong\u003e. It\ncan admittedly be faster than QOIR to literally just lz4-compress or\nzstd-compress the RGB / RGBA pixel values, but this produces 1.642x or 1.330x\nlarger files respectively. Conversely, JXL and WebP, lossless or lossy, have\nbetter compression ratios but also slower encode and decode speeds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eZPNG \"lossless\" (the original, upstream ZPNG) is very competitive with and\nsometimes strictly better than QOIR\u003c/strong\u003e. It occupies a similar spot in the design\nspace to QOIR: simple implementation, reasonable compression ratio, very fast\nencode / decode speeds. \"Sometimes strictly better\" means that, on some\nphotographic-heavy subsets of the image test suite (see the \u003ca href=\"/nigeltao/qoir/blob/main/doc/full_benchmarks.txt\"\u003efull\nbenchmarks\u003c/a\u003e), ZPNG outperforms QOIR on all three\ncolumns (compression ratio, encoding speed and decoding speed) simultaneously.\nZPNG is in some sense simpler than QOIR (ZPNG is around 700 lines of C++ code\nplus a zstd dependency) but in another sense more complicated (because of the\nzstd dependency). QOIR is around 3000 lines of C code plus 4000 lines of data\ntables, without any further dependencies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eEven though PNG/stb and QOI are worse than QOIR in all three columns, they\nstill have their own advantages. PNG/stb, like any PNG implementation, has\nunrivalled compatibility with other software (and the stb library is easy to\nintegrate, being a single file C library). QOI is the simplest (easiest to\nunderstand and easiest to customize) format, weighing under 700 lines of C\ncode, without any further dependencies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo repeat, it's all trade-offs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLossless Benchmarks\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-lossless-benchmarks\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Lossless Benchmarks\" href=\"#lossless-benchmarks\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"Rel = Relative to QOIR_Lossless (which is normalized to 1.000)\n\nRelCmpRatio = Relative CompressedSize / DecompressedSize. Lower is better.\nRelEncSpeed = Relative Encode MegaPixels per second. Higher is better.\nRelDecSpeed = Relative Decode MegaPixels per second. Higher is better.\n\nQOIR_Lossless 1.000 RelCmpRatio 1.000 RelEncSpeed 1.000 RelDecSpeed (1)\n\nJXL_Lossless/f 0.860 RelCmpRatio 0.630 RelEncSpeed 0.120 RelDecSpeed (2)\nJXL_Lossless/l3 0.725 RelCmpRatio 0.032 RelEncSpeed 0.022 RelDecSpeed\nJXL_Lossless/l7 0.613 RelCmpRatio 0.003 RelEncSpeed 0.017 RelDecSpeed\nLZ4PNG_Lossless 1.403 RelCmpRatio 1.038 RelEncSpeed 1.300 RelDecSpeed (3)\nLZ4PNG_NofilLsl 1.642 RelCmpRatio 1.312 RelEncSpeed 2.286 RelDecSpeed (3)\nPNG/fpng 1.234 RelCmpRatio 1.138 RelEncSpeed 0.536 RelDecSpeed (1)\nPNG/fpnge 1.108 RelCmpRatio 1.851 RelEncSpeed n/a RelDecSpeed (1)\nPNG/libpng 0.960 RelCmpRatio 0.033 RelEncSpeed 0.203 RelDecSpeed\nPNG/stb 1.354 RelCmpRatio 0.045 RelEncSpeed 0.186 RelDecSpeed (1)\nPNG/wuffs 0.946 RelCmpRatio n/a RelEncSpeed 0.509 RelDecSpeed (1), (4)\nQOI 1.118 RelCmpRatio 0.870 RelEncSpeed 0.700 RelDecSpeed (1)\nWebP_Lossless 0.654 RelCmpRatio 0.015 RelEncSpeed 0.325 RelDecSpeed\nZPNG_Lossless 0.864 RelCmpRatio 0.747 RelEncSpeed 0.927 RelDecSpeed (3)\nZPNG_NofilLsl 1.330 RelCmpRatio 0.843 RelEncSpeed 1.168 RelDecSpeed (3)\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eRel = Relative to QOIR_Lossless (which is normalized to 1.000)\n\nRelCmpRatio = Relative CompressedSize / DecompressedSize. Lower is better.\nRelEncSpeed = Relative Encode MegaPixels per second. Higher is better.\nRelDecSpeed = Relative Decode MegaPixels per second. Higher is better.\n\nQOIR_Lossless 1.000 RelCmpRatio 1.000 RelEncSpeed 1.000 RelDecSpeed (1)\n\nJXL_Lossless/f 0.860 RelCmpRatio 0.630 RelEncSpeed 0.120 RelDecSpeed (2)\nJXL_Lossless/l3 0.725 RelCmpRatio 0.032 RelEncSpeed 0.022 RelDecSpeed\nJXL_Lossless/l7 0.613 RelCmpRatio 0.003 RelEncSpeed 0.017 RelDecSpeed\nLZ4PNG_Lossless 1.403 RelCmpRatio 1.038 RelEncSpeed 1.300 RelDecSpeed (3)\nLZ4PNG_NofilLsl 1.642 RelCmpRatio 1.312 RelEncSpeed 2.286 RelDecSpeed (3)\nPNG/fpng 1.234 RelCmpRatio 1.138 RelEncSpeed 0.536 RelDecSpeed (1)\nPNG/fpnge 1.108 RelCmpRatio 1.851 RelEncSpeed n/a RelDecSpeed (1)\nPNG/libpng 0.960 RelCmpRatio 0.033 RelEncSpeed 0.203 RelDecSpeed\nPNG/stb 1.354 RelCmpRatio 0.045 RelEncSpeed 0.186 RelDecSpeed (1)\nPNG/wuffs 0.946 RelCmpRatio n/a RelEncSpeed 0.509 RelDecSpeed (1), (4)\nQOI 1.118 RelCmpRatio 0.870 RelEncSpeed 0.700 RelDecSpeed (1)\nWebP_Lossless 0.654 RelCmpRatio 0.015 RelEncSpeed 0.325 RelDecSpeed\nZPNG_Lossless 0.864 RelCmpRatio 0.747 RelEncSpeed 0.927 RelDecSpeed (3)\nZPNG_NofilLsl 1.330 RelCmpRatio 0.843 RelEncSpeed 1.168 RelDecSpeed (3)\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e(1) means that the codec implementation is available as a \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/nothings/stb/blob/master/docs/stb_howto.txt\"\u003esingle file C\nlibrary\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e(2) means that the fjxl encoder is a single file C library but there is no fjxl\ndecoder. There's also the j40 single file JXL decoder, in a separate\nrepository, but I couldn't get it to work. Passing it something produced by the\ncjxl reference encoder produced \u003ccode\u003eError: Decoding failed (rnge) during j40_next_frame\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e(3) means that ZPNG (or LZ4PNG) ships as a pair of \u003ccode\u003e.cpp / .h\u003c/code\u003e files, easily\nadaptable to a single-ish file C library, but it also introduces a dependency\non the official zstd (or lz4) library.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e(4) means that Wuffs' standard library has a PNG decoder but not a PNG encoder.\nThe \"compression ratio\" numbers simply take the benchmark suite PNG images \"as\nis\" without re-encoding.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eHere's a chart of (single-threaded) relative decode speed versus relative\ncompression ratio, from the table above. Upwards and rightwards is better. It's\nnot that encoding speed, code complexity, additional dependencies, multi-thread\nfriendliness and compatibility with other software aren't important. They're\njust not in this chart.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"/nigeltao/qoir/blob/main/doc/reldecspeed_vs_relcmpratio.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/nigeltao/qoir/raw/main/doc/reldecspeed_vs_relcmpratio.png\" alt=\"RelDecSpeed vs RelCmpRatio\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLossy Benchmarks\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-lossy-benchmarks\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Lossy Benchmarks\" href=\"#lossy-benchmarks\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eQOIR is first and foremost a lossless format (for 24-bit RGB or 32-bit RGBA\nimages) but it also has a trivial lossy mode (reducing each pixel from 8 to 6\nbits per channel). Here are some comparisons to other lossy formats. Once\nagain, there are trade-offs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"QOIR_Lossy 0.641 RelCmpRatio 0.903 RelEncSpeed 0.731 RelDecSpeed (1)\nJXL_Lossy/l3 0.440 RelCmpRatio 0.051 RelEncSpeed 0.091 RelDecSpeed\nJXL_Lossy/l7 0.305 RelCmpRatio 0.013 RelEncSpeed 0.070 RelDecSpeed\nLZ4PNG_Lossy2 1.095 RelCmpRatio 0.945 RelEncSpeed 1.251 RelDecSpeed (5), (3)\nWebP_Lossy 0.084 RelCmpRatio 0.065 RelEncSpeed 0.453 RelDecSpeed\nWebP_Lossy2 0.443 RelCmpRatio 0.015 RelEncSpeed 0.435 RelDecSpeed (5)\nZPNG_Lossy2 0.645 RelCmpRatio 0.674 RelEncSpeed 0.898 RelDecSpeed (5), (3)\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eQOIR_Lossy 0.641 RelCmpRatio 0.903 RelEncSpeed 0.731 RelDecSpeed (1)\nJXL_Lossy/l3 0.440 RelCmpRatio 0.051 RelEncSpeed 0.091 RelDecSpeed\nJXL_Lossy/l7 0.305 RelCmpRatio 0.013 RelEncSpeed 0.070 RelDecSpeed\nLZ4PNG_Lossy2 1.095 RelCmpRatio 0.945 RelEncSpeed 1.251 RelDecSpeed (5), (3)\nWebP_Lossy 0.084 RelCmpRatio 0.065 RelEncSpeed 0.453 RelDecSpeed\nWebP_Lossy2 0.443 RelCmpRatio 0.015 RelEncSpeed 0.435 RelDecSpeed (5)\nZPNG_Lossy2 0.645 RelCmpRatio 0.674 RelEncSpeed 0.898 RelDecSpeed (5), (3)\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e(5), the Lossy2 suffix, means that the images are encoded losslessly (even\nthough e.g. WebP does have its own lossy format) but after applying QOIR's\nlossiness=2 quantization, reducing each pixel from 8 to 6 bits per channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOther lossy encoders (other than QOIR) use the respective libraries' default\noptions. Different size / speed / quality trade-offs may be achievable with\nother options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMulti-Threading\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-multi-threading\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Multi-Threading\" href=\"#multi-threading\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe benchmark numbers above are all single-threaded. Other codec\nimplementations can be sped up (in terms of wall clock time) by using multiple\nthreads. QOIR is no different: multi-threaded decoding can be \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/nigeltao/qoir/commit/913011d51da68c4f9c3e7c9d98aa4f9a04ac8d8e\"\u003eover 3x\nfaster\u003c/a\u003e,\ndepending on your input image size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eOther Libraries\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-other-libraries\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Other Libraries\" href=\"#other-libraries\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThese libraries are only used by the benchmark program. The QOIR codec\nimplementation has no dependencies (and brings its own LZ4 implementation).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eJXL (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/libjxl/libjxl\"\u003elibjxl/libjxl\u003c/a\u003e) is the official JPEG-XL\nlibrary. The /l suffix denotes the regular libjxl implementation and the /f\nsuffix denotes the \u003ccode\u003eexperimental/fast_lossless\u003c/code\u003e encoder (also known as fjxl) in\nthat repository (but still using the regular libjxl decoder). The final 3 or 7\ndenotes libjxl's \"effort\" encoding option, which defaults to 7.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eLZ4PNG is ZPNG (see below) with lz4 instead of zstd compression.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePNG/fpng (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/richgel999/fpng\"\u003erichgel999/fpng\u003c/a\u003e) is a fast PNG\nencoder and decoder. The encoded output are valid PNG images but the fpng\ndecoder only accepts fpng-encoded PNG images. It is not a general PNG decoder.\nIt's also currently only SIMD-optimized for the x86 CPU family, not ARM.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePNG/fpnge (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/veluca93/fpnge\"\u003eveluca93/fpnge\u003c/a\u003e) is a very fast\nPNG encoder. The repository only contains an encoder, not a decoder. It's also\ncurrently only SIMD-optimized for the x86 CPU family, not ARM.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePNG/libpng is the official libpng library as built on Debian Bullseye.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePNG/stb (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/nothings/stb\"\u003enothings/stb\u003c/a\u003e) is one of the best\nknown \"single file C library\" PNG implementations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePNG/wuffs (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/google/wuffs\"\u003egoogle/wuffs\u003c/a\u003e) is the PNG decoder\nfrom the Wuffs repository. There is no encoder but the decoder is discussed in\n\u003ca href=\"https://nigeltao.github.io/blog/2021/fastest-safest-png-decoder.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\"The Fastest, Safest PNG Decoder in the\nWorld\"\u003c/a\u003e.\nWhile its reported decode speed here is not as fast as PNG/fpng, PNG/wuffs is a\ngeneral PNG decoder and isn't limited to only those PNG images produced by the\nPNG/fpng encoder.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eQOI (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/phoboslab/qoi\"\u003ephoboslab/qoi\u003c/a\u003e) is a recent (released\nin 2021), simple image file format that is remarkably competitive.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eQOIR is this repository. Lossless is the default option. Lossy means using the\nlossiness=2 encoding option, reducing each pixel from 8 to 6 bits per channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWebP is the official libwebp library as built on Debian Bullseye. The WebP file\nformat cannot represent an image dimension greater than 16383 pixels, such as\nthe 1313 x 20667 \u003ccode\u003escreenshot_web/phoboslab.org.png\u003c/code\u003e image from the benchmark\nsuite. For these large images, we use PNG/libpng instead.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eZPNG \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/catid/Zpng\"\u003ecatid/Zpng\u003c/a\u003e is a simple, experimental,\nlossless image format that combines the zstd compression codec with PNG-style\nfiltering. This repository adapts that third-party code to also create \"lossy\"\n(with QOIR's lossiness=2 quantization) and \"no-filter lossless\" (literally just\nzstd-compressed RGB / RGBA values) variants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eExcluded Libraries\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-excluded-libraries\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Excluded Libraries\" href=\"#excluded-libraries\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAVIF wasn't measured. I gave up after hitting \u003ca href=\"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=976349\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eDebian bug\n976349\u003c/a\u003e and the\ncombination of (1) lossless is the primary focus of QOIR but (2) the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif/tree/b3e0f31/examples\"\u003eavif\nexamples\u003c/a\u003e or\navif.h file not obviously showing how to encode \u003cem\u003elosslessly\u003c/em\u003e from the library\n(not the command line tools). Maybe I'll try again later.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/cfeck/imagezero\"\u003eImageZero\u003c/a\u003e wasn't measured. Around 45% of\nthe \u003ca href=\"https://qoiformat.org/benchmark/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ebenchmark suite images\u003c/a\u003e have an alpha\nchannel, which ImageZero cannot represent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eJPEG wasn't measured, for the same \"cannot represent alpha\" reason.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/MarcioPais/SIF\"\u003eMarcioPais/SIF\u003c/a\u003e, \"Simple Image Format\",\nwasn't measured, for the same \"cannot represent alpha\" reason.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePNG/libspng and PNG/lodepng weren't measured. They are presumably roughly\ncomparable, \u003ca href=\"https://nigeltao.github.io/blog/2021/fastest-safest-png-decoder.html#appendix-benchmark-numbers\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ewithin a factor of\n2\u003c/a\u003e,\nto PNG/libpng and PNG/stb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLZ4\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-lz4\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: LZ4\" href=\"#lz4\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe LZ4 block compression implementation in this repository is available as a\nstand-alone \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/nigeltao/sflz4\"\u003eSingle File LZ4 C Library\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eYou can instead subset just the \u003ccode\u003elz4.c\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003elz4.h\u003c/code\u003e files from the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/lz4/lz4/tree/dev/lib\"\u003eofficial\nlz4 library\u003c/a\u003e, if you don't mind having\ntwo files.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://create.stephan-brumme.com/smallz4/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003esmalllz4\u003c/a\u003e is another alternative.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLicense\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-license\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: License\" href=\"#license\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eApache 2. See the \u003ca href=\"/nigeltao/qoir/blob/main/LICENSE\"\u003eLICENSE\u003c/a\u003e file for details.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUpdated on December 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/article\u003e","loaded":true,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":[{"level":1,"text":"QOIR: a Simple, Lossless Image File Format","anchor":"qoir-a-simple-lossless-image-file-format","htmlText":"QOIR: a Simple, Lossless Image File Format"},{"level":2,"text":"Building","anchor":"building","htmlText":"Building"},{"level":2,"text":"Benchmarks","anchor":"benchmarks","htmlText":"Benchmarks"},{"level":3,"text":"Lossless Benchmarks","anchor":"lossless-benchmarks","htmlText":"Lossless Benchmarks"},{"level":3,"text":"Lossy Benchmarks","anchor":"lossy-benchmarks","htmlText":"Lossy Benchmarks"},{"level":3,"text":"Multi-Threading","anchor":"multi-threading","htmlText":"Multi-Threading"},{"level":3,"text":"Other Libraries","anchor":"other-libraries","htmlText":"Other Libraries"},{"level":3,"text":"Excluded Libraries","anchor":"excluded-libraries","htmlText":"Excluded Libraries"},{"level":2,"text":"LZ4","anchor":"lz4","htmlText":"LZ4"},{"level":2,"text":"License","anchor":"license","htmlText":"License"}],"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fnigeltao%2Fqoir"}},{"displayName":"LICENSE","repoName":"qoir","refName":"main","path":"LICENSE","preferredFileType":"license","tabName":"Apache-2.0","richText":null,"loaded":false,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":null,"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fnigeltao%2Fqoir"}}],"overviewFilesProcessingTime":0}},"appPayload":{"helpUrl":"https://docs.github.com","findFileWorkerPath":"/assets-cdn/worker/find-file-worker-7d7eb7c71814.js","findInFileWorkerPath":"/assets-cdn/worker/find-in-file-worker-708ec8ade250.js","githubDevUrl":null,"enabled_features":{"copilot_workspace":null,"code_nav_ui_events":false,"overview_shared_code_dropdown_button":true,"react_blob_overlay":false,"accessible_code_button":true,"github_models_repo_integration":false}}}}</script> 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fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></span><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x">Code</span><span data-component="trailingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path></svg></span></span></button><div 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data-hotkey="k"></button><h2 class="sr-only ScreenReaderHeading-module__userSelectNone--vW4Cq prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" data-testid="screen-reader-heading" id="folders-and-files">Folders and files</h2><table aria-labelledby="folders-and-files" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fdROMU"><thead class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jGKpsv"><tr class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jdgHnn"><th colSpan="2" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bQivRW"><span class="text-bold">Name</span></th><th colSpan="1" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ldkMIO"><span class="text-bold">Name</span></th><th class="hide-sm"><div title="Last commit message" class="Truncate__StyledTruncate-sc-23o1d2-0 liVpTx width-fit"><span class="text-bold">Last commit message</span></div></th><th colSpan="1" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jMbWeI"><div title="Last commit date" class="Truncate__StyledTruncate-sc-23o1d2-0 liVpTx width-fit"><span class="text-bold">Last commit date</span></div></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gpqjiB"><td colSpan="3" class="bgColor-muted p-1 rounded-top-2"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dzCJzi"><h2 class="sr-only ScreenReaderHeading-module__userSelectNone--vW4Cq prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" data-testid="screen-reader-heading">Latest commit</h2><div style="width:120px" class="Skeleton Skeleton--text" data-testid="loading"> </div><div class="d-flex flex-shrink-0 gap-2"><div data-testid="latest-commit-details" class="d-none d-sm-flex flex-items-center"></div><div class="d-flex gap-2"><h2 class="sr-only ScreenReaderHeading-module__userSelectNone--vW4Cq prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" data-testid="screen-reader-heading">History</h2><a href="/nigeltao/qoir/commits/main/" class="prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI d-none d-lg-flex LinkButton-module__code-view-link-button--xvCGA flex-items-center fgColor-default" data-loading="false" data-size="small" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":Raqj8pab:-loading-announcement"><span data-component="buttonContent" data-align="center" class="prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="leadingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-history" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m.427 1.927 1.215 1.215a8.002 8.002 0 1 1-1.6 5.685.75.75 0 1 1 1.493-.154 6.5 6.5 0 1 0 1.18-4.458l1.358 1.358A.25.25 0 0 1 3.896 6H.25A.25.25 0 0 1 0 5.75V2.104a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177ZM7.75 4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 0 1-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.751.751 0 0 1 7 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 4Z"></path></svg></span><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x"><span class="fgColor-default">139 Commits</span></span></span></a><div class="d-sm-none"></div><div class="d-flex d-lg-none"><span role="tooltip" aria-label="139 Commits" id="history-icon-button-tooltip" class="Tooltip__TooltipBase-sc-17tf59c-0 hWlpPn tooltipped-n"><a href="/nigeltao/qoir/commits/main/" class="prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI LinkButton-module__code-view-link-button--xvCGA flex-items-center fgColor-default" data-loading="false" data-size="small" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":R1iqj8pab:-loading-announcement history-icon-button-tooltip"><span data-component="buttonContent" data-align="center" class="prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="leadingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-history" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m.427 1.927 1.215 1.215a8.002 8.002 0 1 1-1.6 5.685.75.75 0 1 1 1.493-.154 6.5 6.5 0 1 0 1.18-4.458l1.358 1.358A.25.25 0 0 1 3.896 6H.25A.25.25 0 0 1 0 5.75V2.104a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177ZM7.75 4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 0 1-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.751.751 0 0 1 7 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 4Z"></path></svg></span></span></a></span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="react-directory-row undefined" id="folder-row-0"><td class="react-directory-row-name-cell-small-screen" colSpan="2"><div class="react-directory-filename-column"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-file-directory-fill icon-directory" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M1.75 1A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 0 2.75v10.5C0 14.216.784 15 1.75 15h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 16 13.25v-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 14.25 3H7.5a.25.25 0 0 1-.2-.1l-.9-1.2C6.07 1.26 5.55 1 5 1H1.75Z"></path></svg><div class="overflow-hidden"><div class="react-directory-filename-cell"><div class="react-directory-truncate"><a title="adapter" aria-label="adapter, (Directory)" class="Link--primary" href="/nigeltao/qoir/tree/main/adapter">adapter</a></div></div></div></div></td><td 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undefined" id="folder-row-1"><td class="react-directory-row-name-cell-small-screen" colSpan="2"><div class="react-directory-filename-column"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-file-directory-fill icon-directory" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M1.75 1A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 0 2.75v10.5C0 14.216.784 15 1.75 15h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 16 13.25v-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 14.25 3H7.5a.25.25 0 0 1-.2-.1l-.9-1.2C6.07 1.26 5.55 1 5 1H1.75Z"></path></svg><div class="overflow-hidden"><div class="react-directory-filename-cell"><div class="react-directory-truncate"><a title="cmd" aria-label="cmd, (Directory)" class="Link--primary" href="/nigeltao/qoir/tree/main/cmd">cmd</a></div></div></div></div></td><td class="react-directory-row-name-cell-large-screen" colSpan="1"><div class="react-directory-filename-column"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon 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class="octicon octicon-file-directory-fill icon-directory" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M1.75 1A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 0 2.75v10.5C0 14.216.784 15 1.75 15h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 16 13.25v-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 14.25 3H7.5a.25.25 0 0 1-.2-.1l-.9-1.2C6.07 1.26 5.55 1 5 1H1.75Z"></path></svg><div class="overflow-hidden"><div class="react-directory-filename-cell"><div class="react-directory-truncate"><a title="doc" aria-label="doc, (Directory)" class="Link--primary" href="/nigeltao/qoir/tree/main/doc">doc</a></div></div></div></div></td><td class="react-directory-row-name-cell-large-screen" colSpan="1"><div class="react-directory-filename-column"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-file-directory-fill icon-directory" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" 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overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M5.75 2.5h8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Zm0 5h8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Zm0 5h8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM2 14a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Zm1-6a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0ZM2 4a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 QkQOb js-snippet-clipboard-copy-unpositioned undefined" data-hpc="true"><article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">QOIR: a Simple, Lossless Image File Format</h1><a id="user-content-qoir-a-simple-lossless-image-file-format" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: QOIR: a Simple, Lossless Image File Format" href="#qoir-a-simple-lossless-image-file-format"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">QOIR (pronounced like "choir") is a simple, lossless image file format that is very fast to encode and decode while achieving compression ratios roughly comparable to PNG.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>WARNING: THIS FORMAT IS EXPERIMENTAL AND SUBJECT TO INCOMPATIBLE CHANGES.</strong></p> <p dir="auto">It was inspired by the <a href="https://qoiformat.org/" rel="nofollow">QOI image file format</a>, building on it in a number of ways:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>It uses a RIFF-like file structure, allowing future extensions.</li> <li>That structure means that QOIR files can include metadata like color profiles (QOI is limited to two choices, "linear" or "sRGB") and EXIF information.</li> <li>It integrates LZ4 compression to <a href="https://github.com/nigeltao/qoir/commit/9be1f2fdcfac3289804b80d4b0673dde499a9c1c">produce smaller files</a>.</li> <li>It can represent premultiplied alpha (as well as PNG's non-premultiplied alpha), which can avoid a post-processing step if your game engine or GUI toolkit works with <a href="https://iquilezles.org/articles/premultipliedalpha/" rel="nofollow">premultiplied alpha</a>.</li> <li>It has an optional lossy mode.</li> <li>It partitions the image into independent tiles, allowing for multi-threaded codec implementations.</li> <li>As an implementation concern (not a file format concern), it can decode into a pre-existing pixel buffer (in a variety of pixel formats), not just always returning a newly allocated pixel buffer. This also supports multi-threaded decoding, where the entire pixel buffer is allocated first and N separate threads then decode into their own separate portion of that pixel buffer.</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Building</h2><a id="user-content-building" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Building" href="#building"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="/nigeltao/qoir/blob/main/src/qoir.h"><code>src/qoir.h</code></a> is a single file C library, so there's no separate configure or build steps. Just <code>#define QOIR_IMPLEMENTATION</code> before you <code>#include</code> it.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Benchmarks</h2><a id="user-content-benchmarks" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Benchmarks" href="#benchmarks"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The numbers below are the top-level summary of the full benchmarks, normalized so that QOIR is 1.000 (the <a href="/nigeltao/qoir/blob/main/doc/full_benchmarks.txt">full benchmarks</a> page has raw, non-normalized numbers and links to the benchmark suite of images). For example, <strong>comparing PNG/libpng with QOIR, libpng compresses a little smaller (0.960 versus 1.000) but QOIR encodes 30x faster (0.033 versus 1.000) and decodes 4.9x faster (0.203 versus 1.000)</strong>.</p> <p dir="auto">For example, PNG/fpng encodes faster (1.138x) than QOIR but produces larger (1.234x) files and decodes slower (0.536x) than QOIR.</p> <p dir="auto">For example, JPEG-XL Lossless at its default encoder options produces smaller files (0.613x) but encodes slower (0.003x) and decodes slower (0.017x) than QOIR. Inverting those last two numbers give QOIR encoding 296x faster and decoding 60x faster than JPEG-XL Lossless (using its "effort = 7" option).</p> <p dir="auto">The conclusion isn't that QOIR is always better or worse than any other format. It's all trade-offs. However, on the full image test suite, <strong>QOIR has the fastest decode speed listed for PNG-like (or better) compression ratios</strong>. It can admittedly be faster than QOIR to literally just lz4-compress or zstd-compress the RGB / RGBA pixel values, but this produces 1.642x or 1.330x larger files respectively. Conversely, JXL and WebP, lossless or lossy, have better compression ratios but also slower encode and decode speeds.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>ZPNG "lossless" (the original, upstream ZPNG) is very competitive with and sometimes strictly better than QOIR</strong>. It occupies a similar spot in the design space to QOIR: simple implementation, reasonable compression ratio, very fast encode / decode speeds. "Sometimes strictly better" means that, on some photographic-heavy subsets of the image test suite (see the <a href="/nigeltao/qoir/blob/main/doc/full_benchmarks.txt">full benchmarks</a>), ZPNG outperforms QOIR on all three columns (compression ratio, encoding speed and decoding speed) simultaneously. ZPNG is in some sense simpler than QOIR (ZPNG is around 700 lines of C++ code plus a zstd dependency) but in another sense more complicated (because of the zstd dependency). QOIR is around 3000 lines of C code plus 4000 lines of data tables, without any further dependencies.</p> <p dir="auto">Even though PNG/stb and QOI are worse than QOIR in all three columns, they still have their own advantages. PNG/stb, like any PNG implementation, has unrivalled compatibility with other software (and the stb library is easy to integrate, being a single file C library). QOI is the simplest (easiest to understand and easiest to customize) format, weighing under 700 lines of C code, without any further dependencies.</p> <p dir="auto">To repeat, it's all trade-offs.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Lossless Benchmarks</h3><a id="user-content-lossless-benchmarks" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Lossless Benchmarks" href="#lossless-benchmarks"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Rel = Relative to QOIR_Lossless (which is normalized to 1.000) RelCmpRatio = Relative CompressedSize / DecompressedSize. Lower is better. RelEncSpeed = Relative Encode MegaPixels per second. Higher is better. RelDecSpeed = Relative Decode MegaPixels per second. Higher is better. QOIR_Lossless 1.000 RelCmpRatio 1.000 RelEncSpeed 1.000 RelDecSpeed (1) JXL_Lossless/f 0.860 RelCmpRatio 0.630 RelEncSpeed 0.120 RelDecSpeed (2) JXL_Lossless/l3 0.725 RelCmpRatio 0.032 RelEncSpeed 0.022 RelDecSpeed JXL_Lossless/l7 0.613 RelCmpRatio 0.003 RelEncSpeed 0.017 RelDecSpeed LZ4PNG_Lossless 1.403 RelCmpRatio 1.038 RelEncSpeed 1.300 RelDecSpeed (3) LZ4PNG_NofilLsl 1.642 RelCmpRatio 1.312 RelEncSpeed 2.286 RelDecSpeed (3) PNG/fpng 1.234 RelCmpRatio 1.138 RelEncSpeed 0.536 RelDecSpeed (1) PNG/fpnge 1.108 RelCmpRatio 1.851 RelEncSpeed n/a RelDecSpeed (1) PNG/libpng 0.960 RelCmpRatio 0.033 RelEncSpeed 0.203 RelDecSpeed PNG/stb 1.354 RelCmpRatio 0.045 RelEncSpeed 0.186 RelDecSpeed (1) PNG/wuffs 0.946 RelCmpRatio n/a RelEncSpeed 0.509 RelDecSpeed (1), (4) QOI 1.118 RelCmpRatio 0.870 RelEncSpeed 0.700 RelDecSpeed (1) WebP_Lossless 0.654 RelCmpRatio 0.015 RelEncSpeed 0.325 RelDecSpeed ZPNG_Lossless 0.864 RelCmpRatio 0.747 RelEncSpeed 0.927 RelDecSpeed (3) ZPNG_NofilLsl 1.330 RelCmpRatio 0.843 RelEncSpeed 1.168 RelDecSpeed (3)"><pre class="notranslate"><code>Rel = Relative to QOIR_Lossless (which is normalized to 1.000) RelCmpRatio = Relative CompressedSize / DecompressedSize. Lower is better. RelEncSpeed = Relative Encode MegaPixels per second. Higher is better. RelDecSpeed = Relative Decode MegaPixels per second. Higher is better. QOIR_Lossless 1.000 RelCmpRatio 1.000 RelEncSpeed 1.000 RelDecSpeed (1) JXL_Lossless/f 0.860 RelCmpRatio 0.630 RelEncSpeed 0.120 RelDecSpeed (2) JXL_Lossless/l3 0.725 RelCmpRatio 0.032 RelEncSpeed 0.022 RelDecSpeed JXL_Lossless/l7 0.613 RelCmpRatio 0.003 RelEncSpeed 0.017 RelDecSpeed LZ4PNG_Lossless 1.403 RelCmpRatio 1.038 RelEncSpeed 1.300 RelDecSpeed (3) LZ4PNG_NofilLsl 1.642 RelCmpRatio 1.312 RelEncSpeed 2.286 RelDecSpeed (3) PNG/fpng 1.234 RelCmpRatio 1.138 RelEncSpeed 0.536 RelDecSpeed (1) PNG/fpnge 1.108 RelCmpRatio 1.851 RelEncSpeed n/a RelDecSpeed (1) PNG/libpng 0.960 RelCmpRatio 0.033 RelEncSpeed 0.203 RelDecSpeed PNG/stb 1.354 RelCmpRatio 0.045 RelEncSpeed 0.186 RelDecSpeed (1) PNG/wuffs 0.946 RelCmpRatio n/a RelEncSpeed 0.509 RelDecSpeed (1), (4) QOI 1.118 RelCmpRatio 0.870 RelEncSpeed 0.700 RelDecSpeed (1) WebP_Lossless 0.654 RelCmpRatio 0.015 RelEncSpeed 0.325 RelDecSpeed ZPNG_Lossless 0.864 RelCmpRatio 0.747 RelEncSpeed 0.927 RelDecSpeed (3) ZPNG_NofilLsl 1.330 RelCmpRatio 0.843 RelEncSpeed 1.168 RelDecSpeed (3) </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">(1) means that the codec implementation is available as a <a href="https://github.com/nothings/stb/blob/master/docs/stb_howto.txt">single file C library</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">(2) means that the fjxl encoder is a single file C library but there is no fjxl decoder. There's also the j40 single file JXL decoder, in a separate repository, but I couldn't get it to work. Passing it something produced by the cjxl reference encoder produced <code>Error: Decoding failed (rnge) during j40_next_frame</code>.</p> <p dir="auto">(3) means that ZPNG (or LZ4PNG) ships as a pair of <code>.cpp / .h</code> files, easily adaptable to a single-ish file C library, but it also introduces a dependency on the official zstd (or lz4) library.</p> <p dir="auto">(4) means that Wuffs' standard library has a PNG decoder but not a PNG encoder. The "compression ratio" numbers simply take the benchmark suite PNG images "as is" without re-encoding.</p> <p dir="auto">Here's a chart of (single-threaded) relative decode speed versus relative compression ratio, from the table above. Upwards and rightwards is better. It's not that encoding speed, code complexity, additional dependencies, multi-thread friendliness and compatibility with other software aren't important. They're just not in this chart.</p> <p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/nigeltao/qoir/blob/main/doc/reldecspeed_vs_relcmpratio.png"><img src="/nigeltao/qoir/raw/main/doc/reldecspeed_vs_relcmpratio.png" alt="RelDecSpeed vs RelCmpRatio" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Lossy Benchmarks</h3><a id="user-content-lossy-benchmarks" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Lossy Benchmarks" href="#lossy-benchmarks"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">QOIR is first and foremost a lossless format (for 24-bit RGB or 32-bit RGBA images) but it also has a trivial lossy mode (reducing each pixel from 8 to 6 bits per channel). Here are some comparisons to other lossy formats. Once again, there are trade-offs.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="QOIR_Lossy 0.641 RelCmpRatio 0.903 RelEncSpeed 0.731 RelDecSpeed (1) JXL_Lossy/l3 0.440 RelCmpRatio 0.051 RelEncSpeed 0.091 RelDecSpeed JXL_Lossy/l7 0.305 RelCmpRatio 0.013 RelEncSpeed 0.070 RelDecSpeed LZ4PNG_Lossy2 1.095 RelCmpRatio 0.945 RelEncSpeed 1.251 RelDecSpeed (5), (3) WebP_Lossy 0.084 RelCmpRatio 0.065 RelEncSpeed 0.453 RelDecSpeed WebP_Lossy2 0.443 RelCmpRatio 0.015 RelEncSpeed 0.435 RelDecSpeed (5) ZPNG_Lossy2 0.645 RelCmpRatio 0.674 RelEncSpeed 0.898 RelDecSpeed (5), (3)"><pre class="notranslate"><code>QOIR_Lossy 0.641 RelCmpRatio 0.903 RelEncSpeed 0.731 RelDecSpeed (1) JXL_Lossy/l3 0.440 RelCmpRatio 0.051 RelEncSpeed 0.091 RelDecSpeed JXL_Lossy/l7 0.305 RelCmpRatio 0.013 RelEncSpeed 0.070 RelDecSpeed LZ4PNG_Lossy2 1.095 RelCmpRatio 0.945 RelEncSpeed 1.251 RelDecSpeed (5), (3) WebP_Lossy 0.084 RelCmpRatio 0.065 RelEncSpeed 0.453 RelDecSpeed WebP_Lossy2 0.443 RelCmpRatio 0.015 RelEncSpeed 0.435 RelDecSpeed (5) ZPNG_Lossy2 0.645 RelCmpRatio 0.674 RelEncSpeed 0.898 RelDecSpeed (5), (3) </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">(5), the Lossy2 suffix, means that the images are encoded losslessly (even though e.g. WebP does have its own lossy format) but after applying QOIR's lossiness=2 quantization, reducing each pixel from 8 to 6 bits per channel.</p> <p dir="auto">Other lossy encoders (other than QOIR) use the respective libraries' default options. Different size / speed / quality trade-offs may be achievable with other options.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Multi-Threading</h3><a id="user-content-multi-threading" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Multi-Threading" href="#multi-threading"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The benchmark numbers above are all single-threaded. Other codec implementations can be sped up (in terms of wall clock time) by using multiple threads. QOIR is no different: multi-threaded decoding can be <a href="https://github.com/nigeltao/qoir/commit/913011d51da68c4f9c3e7c9d98aa4f9a04ac8d8e">over 3x faster</a>, depending on your input image size.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Other Libraries</h3><a id="user-content-other-libraries" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Other Libraries" href="#other-libraries"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">These libraries are only used by the benchmark program. The QOIR codec implementation has no dependencies (and brings its own LZ4 implementation).</p> <p dir="auto">JXL (<a href="https://github.com/libjxl/libjxl">libjxl/libjxl</a>) is the official JPEG-XL library. The /l suffix denotes the regular libjxl implementation and the /f suffix denotes the <code>experimental/fast_lossless</code> encoder (also known as fjxl) in that repository (but still using the regular libjxl decoder). The final 3 or 7 denotes libjxl's "effort" encoding option, which defaults to 7.</p> <p dir="auto">LZ4PNG is ZPNG (see below) with lz4 instead of zstd compression.</p> <p dir="auto">PNG/fpng (<a href="https://github.com/richgel999/fpng">richgel999/fpng</a>) is a fast PNG encoder and decoder. The encoded output are valid PNG images but the fpng decoder only accepts fpng-encoded PNG images. It is not a general PNG decoder. It's also currently only SIMD-optimized for the x86 CPU family, not ARM.</p> <p dir="auto">PNG/fpnge (<a href="https://github.com/veluca93/fpnge">veluca93/fpnge</a>) is a very fast PNG encoder. The repository only contains an encoder, not a decoder. It's also currently only SIMD-optimized for the x86 CPU family, not ARM.</p> <p dir="auto">PNG/libpng is the official libpng library as built on Debian Bullseye.</p> <p dir="auto">PNG/stb (<a href="https://github.com/nothings/stb">nothings/stb</a>) is one of the best known "single file C library" PNG implementations.</p> <p dir="auto">PNG/wuffs (<a href="https://github.com/google/wuffs">google/wuffs</a>) is the PNG decoder from the Wuffs repository. There is no encoder but the decoder is discussed in <a href="https://nigeltao.github.io/blog/2021/fastest-safest-png-decoder.html" rel="nofollow">"The Fastest, Safest PNG Decoder in the World"</a>. While its reported decode speed here is not as fast as PNG/fpng, PNG/wuffs is a general PNG decoder and isn't limited to only those PNG images produced by the PNG/fpng encoder.</p> <p dir="auto">QOI (<a href="https://github.com/phoboslab/qoi">phoboslab/qoi</a>) is a recent (released in 2021), simple image file format that is remarkably competitive.</p> <p dir="auto">QOIR is this repository. Lossless is the default option. Lossy means using the lossiness=2 encoding option, reducing each pixel from 8 to 6 bits per channel.</p> <p dir="auto">WebP is the official libwebp library as built on Debian Bullseye. The WebP file format cannot represent an image dimension greater than 16383 pixels, such as the 1313 x 20667 <code>screenshot_web/phoboslab.org.png</code> image from the benchmark suite. For these large images, we use PNG/libpng instead.</p> <p dir="auto">ZPNG <a href="https://github.com/catid/Zpng">catid/Zpng</a> is a simple, experimental, lossless image format that combines the zstd compression codec with PNG-style filtering. This repository adapts that third-party code to also create "lossy" (with QOIR's lossiness=2 quantization) and "no-filter lossless" (literally just zstd-compressed RGB / RGBA values) variants.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Excluded Libraries</h3><a id="user-content-excluded-libraries" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Excluded Libraries" href="#excluded-libraries"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">AVIF wasn't measured. I gave up after hitting <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=976349" rel="nofollow">Debian bug 976349</a> and the combination of (1) lossless is the primary focus of QOIR but (2) the <a href="https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif/tree/b3e0f31/examples">avif examples</a> or avif.h file not obviously showing how to encode <em>losslessly</em> from the library (not the command line tools). Maybe I'll try again later.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/cfeck/imagezero">ImageZero</a> wasn't measured. Around 45% of the <a href="https://qoiformat.org/benchmark/" rel="nofollow">benchmark suite images</a> have an alpha channel, which ImageZero cannot represent.</p> <p dir="auto">JPEG wasn't measured, for the same "cannot represent alpha" reason.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/MarcioPais/SIF">MarcioPais/SIF</a>, "Simple Image Format", wasn't measured, for the same "cannot represent alpha" reason.</p> <p dir="auto">PNG/libspng and PNG/lodepng weren't measured. They are presumably roughly comparable, <a href="https://nigeltao.github.io/blog/2021/fastest-safest-png-decoder.html#appendix-benchmark-numbers" rel="nofollow">within a factor of 2</a>, to PNG/libpng and PNG/stb.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">LZ4</h2><a id="user-content-lz4" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: LZ4" href="#lz4"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The LZ4 block compression implementation in this repository is available as a stand-alone <a href="https://github.com/nigeltao/sflz4">Single File LZ4 C Library</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">You can instead subset just the <code>lz4.c</code> and <code>lz4.h</code> files from the <a href="https://github.com/lz4/lz4/tree/dev/lib">official lz4 library</a>, if you don't mind having two files.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://create.stephan-brumme.com/smallz4/" rel="nofollow">smalllz4</a> is another alternative.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">License</h2><a id="user-content-license" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: License" href="#license"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Apache 2. 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class="BorderGrid-cell"> <include-fragment src="/nigeltao/qoir/used_by_list" accept="text/fragment+html"> </include-fragment> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3">Languages</h2> <div class="mb-2"> <span data-view-component="true" class="Progress"> <span style="background-color:#555555 !important;;width: 88.2%;" itemprop="keywords" data-view-component="true" class="Progress-item color-bg-success-emphasis"></span> <span style="background-color:#00ADD8 !important;;width: 5.4%;" itemprop="keywords" data-view-component="true" class="Progress-item color-bg-success-emphasis"></span> <span style="background-color:#f34b7d !important;;width: 5.3%;" itemprop="keywords" data-view-component="true" class="Progress-item color-bg-success-emphasis"></span> <span style="background-color:#89e051 !important;;width: 1.1%;" itemprop="keywords" data-view-component="true" class="Progress-item color-bg-success-emphasis"></span> </span></div> <ul class="list-style-none"> <li class="d-inline"> <a class="d-inline-flex flex-items-center flex-nowrap Link--secondary no-underline text-small mr-3" href="/nigeltao/qoir/search?l=c" data-ga-click="Repository, language stats search click, location:repo overview"> <svg style="color:#555555;" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-dot-fill mr-2"> <path d="M8 4a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Z"></path> </svg> <span class="color-fg-default text-bold mr-1">C</span> <span>88.2%</span> </a> </li> <li class="d-inline"> <a class="d-inline-flex flex-items-center flex-nowrap Link--secondary no-underline text-small mr-3" href="/nigeltao/qoir/search?l=go" data-ga-click="Repository, language stats search click, location:repo overview"> <svg style="color:#00ADD8;" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-dot-fill mr-2"> <path d="M8 4a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Z"></path> </svg> <span class="color-fg-default text-bold mr-1">Go</span> <span>5.4%</span> </a> </li> <li class="d-inline"> <a class="d-inline-flex flex-items-center flex-nowrap Link--secondary no-underline text-small mr-3" href="/nigeltao/qoir/search?l=c%2B%2B" data-ga-click="Repository, language stats search click, location:repo overview"> <svg style="color:#f34b7d;" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-dot-fill mr-2"> <path d="M8 4a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Z"></path> </svg> <span class="color-fg-default text-bold mr-1">C++</span> <span>5.3%</span> </a> </li> <li class="d-inline"> <a class="d-inline-flex flex-items-center flex-nowrap Link--secondary no-underline text-small mr-3" href="/nigeltao/qoir/search?l=shell" data-ga-click="Repository, language stats search click, location:repo overview"> <svg style="color:#89e051;" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-dot-fill mr-2"> <path d="M8 4a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Z"></path> </svg> <span class="color-fg-default text-bold mr-1">Shell</span> <span>1.1%</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </turbo-frame> </main> </div> </div> <footer class="footer pt-8 pb-6 f6 color-fg-muted p-responsive" role="contentinfo" > <h2 class='sr-only'>Footer</h2> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center flex-column-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap"> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-shrink-0 mx-2"> <a aria-label="Homepage" title="GitHub" class="footer-octicon mr-2" href="https://github.com"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path d="M12 1C5.9225 1 1 5.9225 1 12C1 16.8675 4.14875 20.9787 8.52125 22.4362C9.07125 22.5325 9.2775 22.2025 9.2775 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1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none m-2"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </clipboard-copy> </div> </template> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button-unpositioned"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn btn-invisible js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy 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