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id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu principale" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu principale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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pagina principale [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principale</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:UltimeModifiche" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche del sito [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ultime modifiche</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PaginaCasuale" title="Mostra una pagina a caso [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una voce a caso</span></a></li><li id="n-nearby-pages-title" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:NelleVicinanze"><span>Nelle vicinanze</span></a></li><li id="n-vetrina" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vetrina"><span>Vetrina</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Aiuto" title="Pagine di aiuto"><span>Aiuto</span></a></li><li id="n-Sportello-informazioni" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Sportello_informazioni"><span>Sportello informazioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunità" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunità" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunità </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portale:Comunit%C3%A0" title="Descrizione del progetto, cosa puoi fare, dove trovare le cose"><span>Portale Comunità</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bar"><span>Bar</span></a></li><li id="n-wikipediano" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipediano"><span>Il Wikipediano</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contatti"><span>Contatti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Pagina_principale" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="L'enciclopedia libera" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-it.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:Ricerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca in Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Ricerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca in Wikipedia" aria-label="Cerca in Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca in Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciale:Ricerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ricerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Strumenti personali"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifica la dimensione, la larghezza e il colore del testo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=%D0%AA" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=%D0%AA" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Altre opzioni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti personali" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti personali</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu utente" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it"><span>Fai una donazione</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=%D0%AA" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>registrati</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=%D0%AA" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Uso_originale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uso_originale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Uso originale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uso_originale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_russo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_russo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In russo</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_russo-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione In russo</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_russo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antico_russo:_jer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antico_russo:_jer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antico russo: jer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antico_russo:_jer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russo_moderno:_segno_duro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russo_moderno:_segno_duro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Russo moderno: segno duro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russo_moderno:_segno_duro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_bulgaro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_bulgaro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In bulgaro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_bulgaro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_ucraino_e_bielorusso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_ucraino_e_bielorusso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In ucraino e bielorusso</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_ucraino_e_bielorusso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ъ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 65 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - abcaso" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abcaso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - avaro" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_sign" title="Hard sign - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hard sign" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malmola_signo_(cirila_alfabeto)" title="Malmola signo (cirila alfabeto) - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malmola signo (cirila alfabeto)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="نشانه سخت - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نشانه سخت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jor" title="Jor - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanda_Kasar_(Kiril)" title="Tanda Kasar (Kiril) - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanda Kasar (Kiril)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA_(Tvidyordyy_Znak/Tanda_Pangoras)" title="Ъ (Tvidyordyy Znak/Tanda Pangoras) - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Ъ (Tvidyordyy Znak/Tanda Pangoras)" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ier" title="Ier - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ier" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - ruteno" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruteno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - sami del nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami del nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_sign" title="Hard sign - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hard sign" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5)" title="Ъ (слово ћирилице) - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ъ (слово ћирилице)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81" title="Чурыт пус - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Чурыт пус" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Ъ" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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background:#f9f9f9; font-size:95%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="7" style="background:#E9E9FF" height="70px" valign="center"><span style="font-size:3.4375em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrillic_Letter_Yer_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cyrillic_Letter_Yer_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg/150px-Cyrillic_Letter_Yer_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cyrillic_Letter_Yer_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg/225px-Cyrillic_Letter_Yer_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cyrillic_Letter_Yer_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg/300px-Cyrillic_Letter_Yer_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3735" data-file-height="2205" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italic_Cyrillic_letter_Yer_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Italic_Cyrillic_letter_Yer_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg/150px-Italic_Cyrillic_letter_Yer_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Italic_Cyrillic_letter_Yer_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg/225px-Italic_Cyrillic_letter_Yer_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Italic_Cyrillic_letter_Yer_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg/300px-Italic_Cyrillic_letter_Yer_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2300" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="7" style="background:#F0F0F0"><b><a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_cirillico" title="Alfabeto cirillico">Alfabeto cirillico</a></b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:14%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90_(cirillico)" title="А (cirillico)">А</a> </td> <td style="width:14%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91" title="Б">Б</a> </td> <td style="width:14%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92_(cirillico)" title="В (cirillico)">В</a> </td> <td style="width:14%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93" title="Г">Г</a> </td> <td style="width:14%"><a href="/wiki/%D2%90" title="Ґ">Ґ</a> </td> <td style="width:14%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%83" title="Ѓ">Ѓ</a> </td> <td style="width:14%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94" title="Д">Д</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%82" title="Ђ">Ђ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%95_(cirillico)" title="Е (cirillico)">Е</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%80" title="Ѐ">Ѐ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%81_(cirillico)" title="Ё (cirillico)">Ё</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%84" title="Є">Є</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%96" title="Ж">Ж</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%97" title="З">З</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%85_(cirillico)" title="Ѕ (cirillico)">Ѕ</a> 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title="Т">Т</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%8B" title="Ћ">Ћ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%8C" title="Ќ">Ќ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" title="У">У</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%8E" title="Ў">Ў</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4" title="Ф">Ф</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5" title="Х">Х</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6" title="Ц">Ц</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7" title="Ч">Ч</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%8F" title="Џ">Џ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" title="Ш">Ш</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A9" title="Щ">Щ</a> </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ъ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AB" title="Ы">Ы</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AC" title="Ь">Ь</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD" title="Э">Э</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" title="Ю">Ю</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF" title="Я">Я</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="7" style="background:#F0F0F0">Lettere non <a href="/wiki/Lingue_slave" title="Lingue slave">slave</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ӑ">Ӑ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%80" title="Ā">Ā</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%CC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="А̊ (la pagina non esiste)">А̊</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="А̃ (la pagina non esiste)">А̃</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%92" title="Ӓ">Ӓ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%92%CC%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ӓ̄ (la pagina non esiste)">Ӓ̄</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scev%C3%A0_(cirillico)" title="Scevà (cirillico)">Ә</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%98%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ә́ (la pagina non esiste)">Ә́</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%98%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ә̃ (la pagina non esiste)">Ә̃</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%9A" title="Ӛ">Ӛ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%94_(cirillico)" title="Ӕ (cirillico)">Ӕ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ajn_(cirillico)" title="Ajn (cirillico)">Ғ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%CC%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Г̧ (la pagina non esiste)">Г̧</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%CC%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Г̑ (la pagina non esiste)">Г̑</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%CC%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Г̄ (la pagina non esiste)">Г̄</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%94" title="Ҕ">Ҕ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ӻ (la pagina non esiste)">Ӻ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%B6" title="Ӷ">Ӷ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԁ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԁ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԃ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9A%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꚃ (la pagina non esiste)">Ꚃ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9A%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꚁ (la pagina non esiste)">Ꚁ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9A%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꚉ (la pagina non esiste)">Ꚉ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԫ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԫ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԭ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԭ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%96" title="Ӗ">Ӗ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%CC%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Е̄ (la pagina non esiste)">Е̄</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Е̃ (la pagina non esiste)">Е̃</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%81%CC%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ё̄ (la pagina non esiste)">Ё̄</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%84%CC%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Є̈ (la pagina non esiste)">Є̈</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%81" title="Ӂ">Ӂ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%96" title="Җ">Җ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EA%9A%84" title="Ꚅ">Ꚅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%9C" title="Ӝ">Ӝ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԅ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԅ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Dhe_(cirillico)" title="Dhe (cirillico)">Ҙ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%9E" title="Ӟ">Ӟ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԑ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԑ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%90%CC%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԑ̈ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԑ̈</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%A0" title="Ӡ">Ӡ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԇ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԇ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%A2" title="Ӣ">Ӣ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="И̃ (la pagina non esiste)">И̃</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%8A" title="Ҋ">Ҋ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%A4" title="Ӥ">Ӥ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qaf_(cirillico)" title="Qaf (cirillico)">Қ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%83" title="Ӄ">Ӄ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qa_(cirillico)" title="Qa (cirillico)">Ҡ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%9E" title="Ҟ">Ҟ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%9C" title="Ҝ">Ҝ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԟ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԟ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԛ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԛ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%85" title="Ӆ">Ӆ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԯ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԯ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԓ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԓ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԡ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԡ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԉ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԉ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԕ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԕ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%8D" title="Ӎ">Ӎ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%89" title="Ӊ">Ӊ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ng_(cirillico)" title="Ng (cirillico)">Ң</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԩ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԩ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%87" title="Ӈ">Ӈ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%A4" title="Ҥ">Ҥ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԣ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԣ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԋ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԋ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="О̆ (la pagina non esiste)">О̆</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="О̃ (la pagina non esiste)">О̃</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%CC%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="О̄ (la pagina non esiste)">О̄</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%A6" title="Ӧ">Ӧ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" title="Ө">Ө</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%CC%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ө̄ (la pagina non esiste)">Ө̄</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%AA" title="Ӫ">Ӫ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%A8" title="Ҩ">Ҩ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԥ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԥ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%A6" title="Ҧ">Ҧ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%CC%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Р̌ (la pagina non esiste)">Р̌</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%8E" title="Ҏ">Ҏ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԗ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԗ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%AA" title="Ҫ">Ҫ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԍ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԍ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9A%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꚑ (la pagina non esiste)">Ꚑ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%AC" title="Ҭ">Ҭ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9A%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꚋ (la pagina non esiste)">Ꚋ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9A%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꚍ (la pagina non esiste)">Ꚍ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԏ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԏ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="У̃ (la pagina non esiste)">У̃</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%AE" title="Ӯ">Ӯ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%B0" title="Ӱ">Ӱ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%B0%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ӱ́ (la pagina non esiste)">Ӱ́</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2" title="Ӳ">Ӳ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">Ү</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ү́ (la pagina non esiste)">Ү́</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%B0" title="Ұ">Ұ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%CC%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Х̑ (la pagina non esiste)">Х̑</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%B2" title="Ҳ">Ҳ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ӽ (la pagina non esiste)">Ӽ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ӿ (la pagina non esiste)">Ӿ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%BA" title="Һ">Һ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%BA%CC%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Һ̈ (la pagina non esiste)">Һ̈</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԧ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԧ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9A%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꚕ (la pagina non esiste)">Ꚕ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%B4" title="Ҵ">Ҵ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9A%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꚏ (la pagina non esiste)">Ꚏ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%B6" title="Ҷ">Ҷ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%B4" title="Ӵ">Ӵ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%8B" title="Ӌ">Ӌ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%B8" title="Ҹ">Ҹ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9A%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꚓ (la pagina non esiste)">Ꚓ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9A%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꚗ (la pagina non esiste)">Ꚗ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9A%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꚇ (la pagina non esiste)">Ꚇ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%BC" title="Ҽ">Ҽ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%BE" title="Ҿ">Ҿ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AB%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ы̆ (la pagina non esiste)">Ы̆</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AB%CC%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ы̄ (la pagina non esiste)">Ы̄</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%B8" title="Ӹ">Ӹ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%8C" title="Ҍ">Ҍ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Э̆ (la pagina non esiste)">Э̆</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%CC%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Э̄ (la pagina non esiste)">Э̄</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%CC%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Э̇ (la pagina non esiste)">Э̇</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%AC" title="Ӭ">Ӭ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%AC%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ӭ́ (la pagina non esiste)">Ӭ́</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%AC%CC%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ӭ̄ (la pagina non esiste)">Ӭ̄</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AE%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ю̆ (la pagina non esiste)">Ю̆</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AE%CC%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ю̈ (la pagina non esiste)">Ю̈</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AE%CC%88%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ю̈́ (la pagina non esiste)">Ю̈́</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AE%CC%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ю̄ (la pagina non esiste)">Ю̄</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Я̆ (la pagina non esiste)">Я̆</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%CC%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Я̄ (la pagina non esiste)">Я̄</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%CC%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Я̈ (la pagina non esiste)">Я̈</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ԙ (la pagina non esiste)">Ԙ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D4%9C" title="Ԝ">Ԝ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palo%C4%8Dka" title="Paločka">Ӏ</a> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="7" style="background:#f0f0f0"><b>Lettere arcaiche</b> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Koppa" title="Koppa">Ҁ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uk_(cirillico)" title="Uk (cirillico)">Ѹ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omega_(cirillico)" title="Omega (cirillico)">Ѡ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ot_(cirillico)" title="Ot (cirillico)">Ѿ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omega_rotondo" title="Omega rotondo">Ѻ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jat_(cirillico)" title="Jat (cirillico)">Ѣ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF#Storia" title="Я">Ꙗ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/E_iotizzata" title="E iotizzata">Ѥ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jus" title="Jus">Ѧ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jus" title="Jus">Ѫ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jus" title="Jus">Ѩ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jus" title="Jus">Ѭ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ksi_(cirillico)" title="Ksi (cirillico)">Ѯ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psi_(cirillico)" title="Psi (cirillico)">Ѱ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/I%C5%BEica" title="Ižica">Ѵ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I%C5%BEica" title="Ižica">Ѷ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fita" title="Fita">Ѳ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O_multioculare" title="O multioculare">ꙮ</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La <b>Ъ</b>, minuscolo <b>ъ</b>, chiamata <b>jer dura</b>, è una lettera dell'<a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_cirillico" title="Alfabeto cirillico">alfabeto cirillico</a>. È conosciuta come твёрдый знак (<i><b>tvërdyj znak</b></i>, letteralmente <i>"segno duro"</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa">russo</a> moderno, твердий знак (<i><b>tverdyj znak</b></i>) in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_ucraina" title="Lingua ucraina">ucraino</a>, цвёрды знак (<i><b>cvjordy znak</b></i>) in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_bielorussa" title="Lingua bielorussa">bielorusso</a>, ер голям (<i><b>er goljam</b></i>) in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_bulgara" title="Lingua bulgara">bulgaro</a> moderno. <br /> Si noti che la lettera è assente dalle versioni moderne ucraina e bielorussa dell'alfabeto cirillico (vedi <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#In_ucraino_e_bielorusso">Sezione</a>), per quanto sia conosciuta e abbia un proprio nome distintivo in entrambe le lingue. </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrillic_letter_Hard_Sign.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Cyrillic_letter_Hard_Sign.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="49" /></a></span> </p><p>La lettera veniva chiamata <b>jor</b> nell'ortografia anteriore alla riforma, in <a href="/wiki/Antico_russo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antico russo">antico russo</a>, ed in <a href="/wiki/Antico_slavo_ecclesiastico" class="mw-redirect" title="Antico slavo ecclesiastico">antico slavo</a>. In origine il segno Ъ denotava una <a href="/wiki/Vocale" title="Vocale">vocale</a> centrale ultracorta o ridotta. La sua <i>compagna</i> è la <i>jer molle</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/%D0%AC" title="Ь">Ь</a></i>), che pure in origine rappresentava una vocale ridotta, più frontale di Ъ, ed è usato oggi per indicare la <a href="/wiki/Palatalizzazione" title="Palatalizzazione">palatalizzazione</a> delle consonanti in tutte le lingue slave che adottano l'<a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_cirillico" title="Alfabeto cirillico">alfabeto cirillico</a>, eccetto il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_serba" title="Lingua serba">serbo</a> ed il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_macedone" title="Lingua macedone">macedone</a>, nelle quali si possono trovare sue tracce nelle lettere <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%89" title="Љ">Љ</a></i> e <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%8A" title="Њ">Њ</a></i>. Entrambe le vocali ridotte vengono chiamate <b>jer</b> in filologia slava. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uso_originale">Uso originale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AA&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Uso originale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AA&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Uso originale"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Antico_slavo_ecclesiastico" class="mw-redirect" title="Antico slavo ecclesiastico">antico slavo ecclesiastico</a>, il segno Ъ era un <a href="/wiki/Grafema" title="Grafema">grafema</a> indicante una vocale, che indicava la così denominata <i>vocale ridotta</i>: Ъ = <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/ŭ/</span></a>, <i>Ь</i> = <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/ĭ/</span></a> nelle trascrizioni convenzionali. Queste vocali provengono dalle vocali corte <a href="/wiki/Lingua_protoindoeuropea" title="Lingua protoindoeuropea">indoeuropee</a> <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/u/</span></a> e <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/i/</span></a> (si compari <i>angŭlŭs</i> in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">latino</a> con <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r107150125"><span class="Unicode" style="font-family:Antinoou, Code2000, Code2001, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Doulos SIL, Chrysanthi Unicode, Arial Unicode MS, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Lucida Sans Unicode, Noto Sans Mandaic, Penuturesu, Segoe UI Symbol; font-family :inherit;">ѪГЪЛЪ</span> in <a href="/wiki/Antico_slavo_ecclesiastico" class="mw-redirect" title="Antico slavo ecclesiastico">antico slavo ecclesiastico</a>). </p><p>In tutte le <a href="/wiki/Lingue_slave_occidentali" title="Lingue slave occidentali">lingue slave occidentali</a> entrambe le <i>jer</i> sono scomparse o sono state trasformate nella vocale <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/e/</span></a>. Tuttavia, ancora oggi in molte di queste lingue una consonante <i>dura</i> viene trasformata nella corrispondente <i>molle</i> quando precede una <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/e/</span></a> (es. in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_ceca" title="Lingua ceca">ceco</a> <i>dobrý</i> → <i>dobře</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_russo">In russo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AA&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione In russo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AA&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: In russo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antico_russo:_jer">Antico russo: jer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AA&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Antico russo: jer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AA&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Antico russo: jer"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dall'<a href="/wiki/XI_secolo" title="XI secolo">XI</a> al <a href="/wiki/XIV_secolo" title="XIV secolo">XIV secolo</a>, il suono originale di Ъ si estinse in tutte le <a href="/wiki/Lingue_slave" title="Lingue slave">lingue slave</a>, la cosiddetta <i>caduta delle jer</i> viene tipicamente considerata come segno della disintegrazione finale dello <a href="/wiki/Antico_slavo_ecclesiastico" class="mw-redirect" title="Antico slavo ecclesiastico">slavo comune</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa">russo</a> le <i>jer</i> caddero interamente nelle posizioni <i>deboli</i>, e vennero rimpiazzate da vocali non ridotte in posizioni <i>forti</i>. La declinazione nel russo moderno viene complicata a volte dalle cosiddette vocali <i>transitive</i> (<i>беглые</i> <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/'bʲe.glɪjə/</span></a> <i>fuggitive</i>), che compaiono e scompaiono al posto di una precedente <i>jer</i>. Per esempio (AR: Antico Russo, R: Russo): </p> <ul><li>AR <i>сънъ</i> <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/'sŭ.nŭ/</span></a> > R <i>сон</i> <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/son/</span></a> <i>sonno (nom. sing.)</i> — AR <i>съна</i> <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/sŭ.'nа/</span></a>> R <i>сна</i> <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/sna/</span></a> <i>sonno (gen. sing.)</i></li> <li>AR <i>угълъ</i> <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/'u.gŭ.lŭ/</span></a> > R <i>угол</i> <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/'u.gʌl/</span></a> <i>angolo (nom. sing.)</i> — AR <i>угъла</i> <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/u.gŭ.'la/</span></a> > R <i>угла</i> <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/u.'gla/</span></a> <i>angolo (gen. sing.)</i> ecc...</li></ul> <p>Le regole di base che governano la <i>caduta delle jer</i> sono le seguenti: </p> <ul><li>Le <i>jer forti</i> vengono <i>completamente vocalizzate</i>: <i>ь</i> > <i>е</i>, <i>ъ</i> > <i>о</i>.</li> <li>Le <i>jer deboli'</i> cadono interamente, eccetto la <i>ь</i> alla fine delle parole che indica la <a href="/wiki/Palatalizzazione" title="Palatalizzazione">palatalizzazione</a>.</li> <li>Per determinare se una <i>jer</i> è forte o debole, è necessario frammentare il continuo flusso del discorso in parole isolate o insiemi di parole molto comuni che sono detti insieme nel discorso.</li> <li>Una <i>jer</i> finale è <i>debole</i>.</li> <li>Una <i>jer</i> che è seguita nella sillaba successiva da una vocale non ridotta è <i>debole</i>.</li> <li>La <i>jer</i> nella sillaba immediatamente prima di un'altra con una <i>jer debole</i> è <i>forte</i>.</li> <li>La <i>jer</i> nella sillaba immediatamente prima di un'altra con una <i>jer forte</i> è <i>debole</i>.</li></ul> <p>Cioè, in una stringa di sillabe antico-russe, ognuna delle quali ha una vocale ridotta, le vocali ridotte in russo moderno alternativamente cadono o si vocalizzano, e l'ultima <i>jer</i> della sequenza cade forzatamente. Ci sono alcune eccezioni in questa regola, solitamente considerata risultato di analogie con altre parole o altre forme declinate della stessa parola, con una disposizione originale differente di vocali ridotte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russo_moderno:_segno_duro">Russo moderno: segno duro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AA&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Russo moderno: segno duro" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AA&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Russo moderno: segno duro"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In russo moderno il segno Ъ viene chiamato <i>duro</i> o <i>forte</i>. Non ha valore fonetico in sé, ed è un puro artefatto ortografico. La sua funzione è separare i prefissi terminanti in consonante da un morfema seguente che inizia con una vocale iotizzata (е, ё, и, ю, я). Il segno Ъ indica il fatto che la semivocale <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/j/</span></a> continua a farsi sentire nella composizione. Funziona quindi come una specie di <i>segno di separazione</i>. La consonante prima del segno Ъ spesso diventa un po' <a href="/wiki/Palatalizzazione" title="Palatalizzazione">palatalizzata</a> in seguito alla successiva iotizzazione, perciò nel <a href="/wiki/XX_secolo" title="XX secolo">XX secolo</a> fu proposto occasionalmente di eliminare il segno Ъ una volta per tutte, e di rimpiazzarlo col segno <i>Ь</i>, che indica sempre l'indebolimento di una consonante. Tuttavia, anche perché il grado di indebolimento prima di Ъ non è uniforme, queste proposte non hanno mai trovato attuazione pratica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_bulgaro">In bulgaro</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AA&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione In bulgaro" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AA&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: In bulgaro"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Lingua_bulgara" title="Lingua bulgara">bulgaro</a> la <i>Р голям</i>, cioè <i>R grande</i> viene usata per indicare la vocale media centrale, di timbro indistinto <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/ə/</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Scev%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Scevà">scevà</a>). Tale vocale può essere tonica o atona e deriva da due suoni antico-slavi distinti, <i>Ъ</i> <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/ə/</span></a> e <i>Ѫ</i> <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/ɔ̃/</span></a>, che si sono fusi insieme in un unico fonema vocalico: </p> <ul><li>antico slavo: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r107150125"><span class="Unicode" style="font-family:Antinoou, Code2000, Code2001, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Doulos SIL, Chrysanthi Unicode, Arial Unicode MS, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Lucida Sans Unicode, Noto Sans Mandaic, Penuturesu, Segoe UI Symbol; font-family :inherit;">ѪГЪЛЪ</span> > > bulgaro: <i>ъгъл</i> (russo: <i>угол</i>)</li></ul> <p>La <i>caduta delle jer</i> in bulgaro è avvenuta perciò in modo incompleto. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_ucraino_e_bielorusso">In ucraino e bielorusso</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AA&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione In ucraino e bielorusso" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AA&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: In ucraino e bielorusso"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il segno duro è assente nelle versioni <a href="/wiki/Lingua_ucraina" title="Lingua ucraina">ucraina</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lingua_bielorussa" title="Lingua bielorussa">bielorussa</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_cirillico" title="Alfabeto cirillico">alfabeto cirillico</a>. Le sue funzioni vengono espletate da un <a href="/wiki/Apostrofo" title="Apostrofo">apostrofo</a>. </p> <table align="center" class="wikitable" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <th>Lettera Cirillica</th> <th>Pronuncia IPA</th> <th>Trascrizione<br />scientifica</th> <th>Trascrizione<br />inglese</th> <th>Trascrizione<br />tedesca</th> <th>Trascrizione<br />francese </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDEEFF"> <td><div align="center"><b>Ъ</b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa">Russo</a>)</small></div> </td> <td><div align="center">/<a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">-</span></a>/</div> </td> <td><div align="center"><b>"</b></div> </td> <td><div align="center"><small>non traslitterato</small></div> </td> <td><div align="center"><small>non traslitterato</small></div> </td> <td><div align="center"><small>non traslitterato</small></div> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDEEFF"> <td><div align="center"><b>Ъ</b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Lingua_bulgara" title="Lingua bulgara">Bulgaro</a>)</small></div> </td> <td><div align="center">/<a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">ə</span></a>/</div> </td> <td><div align="center"><b>ă</b></div> </td> <td><div align="center"><b>a</b></div> </td> <td><div align="center"><b>a</b></div> </td> <td><div align="center"><b>a</b></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AA&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AA&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.it/#view=home&op=translate&sl=ru&tl=it&text=%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA"><span style="font-style:italic;">Google Traduttore: твёрдый знак</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Translate.Google.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 12 dicembre 2019</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AA&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AA&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Cyrillic hard sign"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cyrillic_hard_sign?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cyrillic_hard_sign?uselang=it">Ъ</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal128-kanagram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Linguistica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Crystal128-kanagram.svg/25px-Crystal128-kanagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Crystal128-kanagram.svg/38px-Crystal128-kanagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Crystal128-kanagram.svg/50px-Crystal128-kanagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Linguistica" title="Portale:Linguistica">Portale Linguistica</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di linguistica</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ъ&oldid=141602754">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ъ&oldid=141602754</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Lettere_dell%27alfabeto_cirillico" title="Categoria:Lettere dell'alfabeto cirillico">Lettere dell'alfabeto cirillico</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Senza_fonti_-_grafemi" title="Categoria:Senza fonti - grafemi">Senza fonti - grafemi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Senza_fonti_-_novembre_2015" title="Categoria:Senza fonti - novembre 2015">Senza fonti - novembre 2015</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 14 ott 2024 alle 17:28.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; 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